JP4675858B2 - Waste incinerator - Google Patents

Waste incinerator Download PDF

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JP4675858B2
JP4675858B2 JP2006210729A JP2006210729A JP4675858B2 JP 4675858 B2 JP4675858 B2 JP 4675858B2 JP 2006210729 A JP2006210729 A JP 2006210729A JP 2006210729 A JP2006210729 A JP 2006210729A JP 4675858 B2 JP4675858 B2 JP 4675858B2
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grate
cooling
cooling medium
pipe
movable
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JP2008039214A (en
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勝久 臼井
正 片畑
定史 加藤
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Kawasaki Plant Systems Ltd
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Description

この発明は都市ごみなどの廃棄物を焼却するための焼却炉において、可動する火格子列が被燃焼物の送り方向に階段状に配設された階段型炉床を構成する火格子の冷却構造を備えた廃棄物焼却炉に関するもので、詳しくは火格子を間接的に冷却する冷却構造に関する。   The present invention relates to a grate cooling structure that constitutes a stepped hearth in which movable grate rows are arranged stepwise in the feed direction of combustibles in an incinerator for incinerating waste such as municipal waste In particular, the present invention relates to a cooling structure for indirectly cooling a grate.

この種の廃棄物焼却炉において、たとえば、廃棄物の発熱量が増大したり、火格子間から吹き込む空気量が減少したりする場合に、火格子温度の急激な温度上昇を招くことによって火格子の焼損が発生する場合がある。その対策として、従来より火格子を水冷することにより火格子の温度を低下させ、焼損を防止する方法が採用されている。この方法には、火格子を直接冷却する直接水冷方式と間接水冷方式とがあり、一般的には火格子に冷却配管を鋳込んだり火格子内に水路を設けてそこに通水して冷却する直接水冷方式が採用されることが多い。   In this type of waste incinerator, for example, when the heat generation amount of waste increases or the amount of air blown from between the grate decreases, the grate temperature increases rapidly, causing the grate Burnout may occur. As a countermeasure, conventionally, a method of reducing the temperature of the grate by water-cooling the grate to prevent burning is employed. This method includes a direct water cooling method and an indirect water cooling method that directly cools the grate. Generally, a cooling pipe is cast into the grate or a water channel is provided in the grate and the water is passed therethrough for cooling. Direct water cooling is often used.

しかし、直接水冷方式は火格子温度の熱落差が大きいことから、火格子割れを生じ易く、火格子割れを生じた際には冷却水が噴出するおそれがある。一方、間接水冷方式を採用する場合には、冷却効率が低下する反面、火格子温度の熱落差を低減して割れ防止を図れるとともに、仮に熱落差以外の原因で火格子割れが発生しても、冷却配管の破損には至らず、冷却水の噴出が起こらないとともに、冷却媒体配管部分で破損した火格子の落下を防止することが可能になる。   However, since the direct water cooling method has a large thermal drop in the grate temperature, it tends to cause grate cracks, and there is a risk that cooling water will be ejected when grate cracks occur. On the other hand, when the indirect water cooling method is adopted, the cooling efficiency is reduced, but cracking can be prevented by reducing the heat drop of the grate temperature, and even if a grate crack occurs due to a cause other than the heat drop. The cooling pipe is not damaged, the cooling water is not ejected, and it is possible to prevent the fire grate from being damaged at the cooling medium pipe.

前者に関する先行技術として、たとえば特許文献1〜3がある。また後者に関する先行技術として、たとえば特許文献4がある。
特開平2−106613号公報 特開平8−219432号公報 特表平11−504700号公報 特開平10−246417号公報
As a prior art regarding the former, there exist patent documents 1-3, for example. Moreover, as a prior art regarding the latter, there exists patent document 4, for example.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-106613 JP-A-8-219432 Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-504700 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-246417

上記の特許文献4には間接水冷方式の火格子冷却構造が記載されているが、廃棄物(被燃焼物)の送り方向に沿って縦一列状に揺動する可動火格子列を炉幅方向において隣接する固定火格子列と交互に設けた炉床を備えたストーカ炉であり、火格子列を取り付けるフレームに冷却フィンを備えた冷却水管が廃棄物の送り方向(火格子列の長手方向)に沿って配置され、冷却フィンを収納する凹部を設けた火格子が冷却フィンに嵌合するように冷却水管上に載置されている。冷却フィンは断面山形で、直管状の冷却配管上の長手方向に一定間隔で上向きに突設されている。したがって、本願発明が対象とする階段型ストーカ炉に特許文献4に記載の冷却構造を採用しようとすると、次のような課題(問題点)が生じる。   Although the above-mentioned Patent Document 4 describes an indirect water-cooled grate cooling structure, a movable grate row that swings vertically in a line along the feed direction of waste (combustibles) is disposed in the furnace width direction. In the stoker furnace provided with the hearth floor alternately provided with the adjacent fixed grate rows, the cooling water pipe provided with cooling fins on the frame to which the grate rows are attached is the waste feed direction (longitudinal direction of the grate rows) And a grate provided with a recess for storing the cooling fin is placed on the cooling water pipe so as to be fitted to the cooling fin. The cooling fins have a mountain-shaped cross section and project upward at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction on the straight tubular cooling pipe. Therefore, when the cooling structure described in Patent Document 4 is employed in the staircase type stoker furnace targeted by the present invention, the following problems (problems) arise.

1) 特許文献4に記載されている間接的水冷火格子の場合、長さ方向に一列の火格子が設置されるストーカであり、冷却水管もこれに平行に設置することが可能であるために冷却性能を最良にできるのに対し、この構造を幅方向に一列に可動する火格子列が並列している階段型のストーカに適用するのは困難である。   1) In the case of the indirect water-cooled grate described in Patent Document 4, it is a stalker in which a row of grate is installed in the length direction, and the cooling water pipe can also be installed in parallel with this. While it is possible to achieve the best cooling performance, it is difficult to apply this structure to a staircase type stalker in which grate rows movable in a row in the width direction are arranged in parallel.

2) 階段型ストーカは火格子設置方向と冷却水配管の通過方向が直交する構造であるので、冷却水配管を適正な本数・外径・ピッチに保ち、フィンプレートの高さ・厚みを最適値としなければ、冷却能力を最大限発揮することができない。   2) The staircase type stoker has a structure in which the grate installation direction and the passage direction of the cooling water pipe are orthogonal, so the cooling pipes are kept at the proper number, outer diameter and pitch, and the height and thickness of the fin plate are the optimum values. Otherwise, the cooling capacity cannot be maximized.

3) 特許文献4に記載の火格子は、フレーム上に火格子が載置される構造であるから、フレームに水管を載置すれば、水管には荷重がかかることがなく、火格子の支持が可能である。しかし、階段型のストーカ炉は、火格子下流側の火格子と上流側の駆動軸で支持される構造であり、火格子が堅牢なフレーム上に載置されるわけではない。したがって、水管を火格子下に設けると、水管に荷重がかかるおそれがあり、過大な荷重により水管が破損する可能性がある。   3) Since the grate described in Patent Document 4 has a structure in which the grate is placed on the frame, if the water pipe is placed on the frame, the water pipe is not loaded, and the grate is supported. Is possible. However, the staircase type stoker furnace has a structure that is supported by a grate on the downstream side of the grate and a drive shaft on the upstream side, and the grate is not placed on a solid frame. Therefore, if the water pipe is provided under the grate, there is a possibility that a load is applied to the water pipe, and the water pipe may be damaged by an excessive load.

4) 可動する火格子列を冷却するための冷却水管に接続されるフレキシブルチューブ上にも焼却物の残渣や灰などが滴下する。そのため、それらの滴下物によって冷却水管やフレキシブルチューブが焼損するおそれがある。   4) Residues of incinerated products and ash fall on the flexible tube connected to the cooling water pipe for cooling the movable grate train. Therefore, there exists a possibility that a cooling water pipe and a flexible tube may burn out by those dripping materials.

5) 階段型ストーカ炉では、可動火格子列が冷却水管に直交する炉幅方向に配列されるために、固定火格子列との間隙部(空間部)が冷却水管上方の長手方向に一定間隔で生じ、その間隙部から焼却物の残滓(溶融アルミ分、タール分)や灰が冷却水管上に滴下する。 5) In the stepped stoker, since the movable grate rows are sequences in the furnace width direction orthogonal to the cooling water pipe, the gap between the fixed grate rows (space) is constant in the lengthwise direction of the cooling water pipes upwards At intervals, incineration residue (molten aluminum, tar) and ash drop from the gap onto the cooling water pipe.

6) 火格子温度の上昇により焼損が発生するので、冷却水を通水するが、通常冷却水量は一定であるので、火格子温度は成り行きで上昇したり下降したりする。それによって、火格子の焼損や材料の低温腐食が発生するおそれがある。   6) Since burning occurs due to the rise in the grate temperature, cooling water is passed through, but since the amount of cooling water is usually constant, the grate temperature rises and falls accordingly. This may cause grate burnout and low temperature corrosion of the material.

7) 火格子の冷却機構の冷却性能に極端な大小がある場合、火格子の過熱・過冷却が発生する可能性がある。   7) When the cooling performance of the grate cooling mechanism is extremely large, overheating and overcooling of the grate may occur.

この発明は上記の点に鑑みなされたもので、火格子間の隙間からの滴下物を最小限に抑制できる階段型ストーカ炉の炉床を構成する火格子に適用可能な間接冷却方式の冷却構造を備えた廃棄物焼却炉を提供するもので、1)冷却媒体配管および可動側火格子列の可動域を許容するフレキシブル配管の熱的損傷を防止し、長寿命化を図ること、2)仮に火格子の焼損が発生しても火格子が脱落せず、運転を継続できること、3)冷却媒体配管の腐食減肉を防止し、寿命を延長することを達成できるようにすることを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and is an indirect cooling system cooling structure applicable to a grate constituting a hearth of a staircase stoker furnace that can suppress dripping from gaps between grate to a minimum. 1) To prevent thermal damage to the cooling medium piping and the flexible piping that allows the movable range of the movable grate train, and to prolong the service life. The purpose of the grate is to prevent the grate from falling off even if the grate burns out, and to continue operation, and 3) to prevent corrosion thinning of the coolant piping and to extend the service life. .

上記の目的を達成するために本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉は、可動する火格子列が順次部分的に重なり合い、全体として水平または送り方向に下り勾配となる階段型炉床の各列の下部に、冷却媒体を流通する伝熱構造体を設け、前記伝熱構造体は、前記可動する火格子列と一体的に動くものであって、前記伝熱構造体を複数の冷却媒体用配管と、前記火格子列を構成する各火格子の下面に設けた凹状部嵌合可能な冷却フィンを突設したフィンプレートとで格子状に構成して前記人格子列を支持すると同時に、前記複数の冷却媒体用配管および前記フィンプレートを介して前記各火格子を間接的に冷却することを特徴とする。また、火格子長さL:500〜1000mm、冷却水配管本数n:1〜5本、冷却水配管
外径r:10〜50mm、冷却水配管ピッチp:50〜200mm、フィンプレート厚みt:
5〜30mm、フィンプレート高さh:10〜100mmの各数値の範囲内で、冷却性能を考
慮して最適値に決定することで、火格子サイズが変更されても、最適な冷却性能を持つ階段型火格子とすることが可能な構造にできる。
In order to achieve the above object, the waste incinerator according to the present invention is configured such that the movable grate rows partially overlap one another in sequence, and the lower portion of each row of the staircase hearths that descends in the horizontal or feed direction as a whole. A heat transfer structure that circulates the cooling medium, and the heat transfer structure moves integrally with the movable grate train, and the heat transfer structure includes a plurality of cooling medium pipes. at the same time supporting the person lattice columns configured in a grid with a fin plate which projects fittable cooling fins in a concave portion provided on the lower surface of each grate constituting the grate rows, said plurality The grate is indirectly cooled through the cooling medium pipe and the fin plate. Grate length L: 500 to 1000 mm, number of cooling water pipes n: 1 to 5, cooling water pipe outer diameter r: 10 to 50 mm, cooling water pipe pitch p: 50 to 200 mm, fin plate thickness t:
Even if the grate size is changed, the optimum cooling performance is obtained by determining the optimum value in consideration of the cooling performance within the range of each value of 5 to 30 mm and the fin plate height h: 10 to 100 mm. The structure can be a staircase grate.

上記の構成を有する本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉は、火格子内に水管あるいは冷却媒体用配管(以下、冷媒配管ともいう)が設けられておらず、水管または冷媒配管上に火格子が搭載され、火格子を間接的に冷却するから、廃棄物の燃焼時に被燃焼物によって加熱されることにより生じる火格子の熱落差が過大化せず、火格子内の熱応力値が火格子材料の許容応力値内に抑えられるので、熱応力により火格子が破損に至ることがない。仮に熱応力以外の原因で火格子が破損した場合にも、火格子から冷却水などの冷媒が噴出するおそれがなく、焼却炉の運転を継続できる。また、直接冷却方式と違って特に可動火格子に冷媒源をチューブなどで直接に接続する必要がないので、接続部やチューブなどの損傷が起こりにくいうえに、冷媒配管上に火格子を搭載するために、火格子の着脱が容易であり、また既設の焼却炉にも適用できる。さらに、可動火格子を冷却する冷媒配管に接続して冷媒を供給するための、可動域を許容するフレキシブル配管を、火格子下方の燃焼空気導入ホッパよりも外側に配置しているので、高熱の燃焼物残滓などの落下物や滴下物でフレキシブル配管が焼損するおそれがなく、また固定火格子列および可動火格子列のいずれも、先端正面に燃焼空気噴き出し口を設けた複数の火格子を炉幅方向に隙間なく配列して構成したから、隣接する火格子間から高熱の燃焼物残滓などが冷媒配管上に落下したり滴下したりしないので、冷媒配管が焼損することもない。   In the waste incinerator according to the present invention having the above-described configuration, a water pipe or a cooling medium pipe (hereinafter also referred to as a refrigerant pipe) is not provided in the grate, and the grate is mounted on the water pipe or the refrigerant pipe. Since the grate is indirectly cooled, the thermal drop of the grate caused by heating by the combusted material during combustion of the waste does not become excessive, and the thermal stress value in the grate is Since it is suppressed within the allowable stress value, the grate will not be damaged by thermal stress. Even if the grate breaks due to a cause other than thermal stress, there is no fear that coolant such as cooling water will be ejected from the grate, and the operation of the incinerator can be continued. In addition, unlike the direct cooling method, there is no need to connect the coolant source directly to the movable grate with a tube, etc., so the connection part and tube are not easily damaged, and a grate is mounted on the refrigerant piping. Therefore, the grate can be easily attached and detached, and can be applied to an existing incinerator. Furthermore, a flexible pipe that allows a movable range to connect to a refrigerant pipe that cools the movable grate and supplies the refrigerant is arranged outside the combustion air introduction hopper below the grate, so There is no risk that the flexible piping will be burned by falling objects such as combustion residue and dripping material, and both the fixed and movable grate trains are equipped with a plurality of grates with combustion air outlets in front of the tips. Since they are arranged without gaps in the width direction, the high-temperature combustion residue is not dropped or dripped onto the refrigerant pipe from between adjacent grate, so that the refrigerant pipe is not burned out.

また、上記請求項1の発明によれば、前記火格子列を構成する各火格子の下面に設けた凹状部に嵌合可能な冷却フィンを、前記フィンプレートに突設しているので、フィンプレートの冷却フィンが火格子下の凹状部に嵌合した状態で、火格子が支持されるために、特に可動火格子が可動時に配管上でずれることがない上に、固定火格子および可動火格子ともに配管内を流通する冷却水にて効率よく冷却される。さらに、前記伝熱構造体を複数の冷却媒体用配管とフィンプレートとで格子状に構成し、前記火格子列の前記各火格子の凹状部を前記フィンプレートの前記冷却フィンに嵌合させて前記火格子列を支持すると同時に、前記複数の冷却媒体用配管および前記フィンプレートを介して前記各火格子を間接的に冷却するので、仮に火格子割れを生じても格子状に構成された冷却媒体用配管とフィンプレートによって火格子の割れ部分が支持されるために、火格子の割れ部分の脱落が起こらず、焼却炉の運転を継続することができる。また、冷却媒体用(以下、冷媒ともいう)配管と支軸とがフィンプレートにて一体に連結されるために、冷媒配管の強度が向上するとともに、火格子下面に対する冷媒配管との接触面積がフィンプレートにより拡大するので、冷却効果が向上する。なお、揺動型ストーカのように冷却配管(冷媒配管)がフレーム上に載置される場合、水管や冷却配管に強度は必要ないが、階段型ストーカでは水管や冷媒配管に強度が必要であるものの、構造上その下部にフレームを設けられないために、水管や冷媒配管をフィンプレートにて結合することで、水管や冷媒配管の強度を向上している。つまり、フィンプレートを設置することにより、配管を堅牢な構造とすることができ、大きな荷重がかかっても破損することがない、よって、階段型ストーカ炉の火格子においても間接式水冷構造が可能になる。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the fin plate protrudes from the fin plate, the cooling fin that can be fitted into the concave portion provided on the lower surface of each grate constituting the grate row is provided. Since the grate is supported in a state where the cooling fins of the plate are fitted in the concave portions under the grate, the movable grate will not be displaced on the pipe when moving, and the fixed grate and the movable grate Both lattices are efficiently cooled by cooling water flowing through the pipe. Further, the heat transfer structure is configured in a lattice shape with a plurality of cooling medium pipes and fin plates, and the concave portion of each grate of the grate row is fitted to the cooling fin of the fin plate. at the same time supporting the grate rows, so indirectly cooling the respective grate via the plurality of cooling medium pipe and the fin plate, if cooling even if the grate cracks configured in a grid-like Since the crack portion of the grate is supported by the medium pipe and the fin plate, the crack portion of the grate does not fall off, and the operation of the incinerator can be continued. Further, since the cooling medium pipe (hereinafter also referred to as refrigerant) and the support shaft are integrally connected by the fin plate, the strength of the refrigerant pipe is improved, and the contact area between the lower surface of the grate and the refrigerant pipe is increased. Since it is enlarged by the fin plate, the cooling effect is improved. In addition, when cooling pipes (refrigerant pipes) are placed on the frame like a swinging stalker, the water pipes and cooling pipes do not need strength, but the staircase type stokers need strength for the water pipes and refrigerant pipes. However, since a frame cannot be provided in the lower part of the structure, the strength of the water pipe and the refrigerant pipe is improved by connecting the water pipe and the refrigerant pipe with a fin plate. In other words, by installing the fin plate, the piping can be made to have a robust structure and will not be damaged even if a large load is applied. Therefore, an indirect water cooling structure is possible even in the grate of a staircase stoker furnace become.

請求項に記載のように、可動する前記火格子列を冷却するための前記冷却媒体配管に接続するフレキシブルチューブを、前記火格子列下方の焼却残渣落下域から外れた燃焼空気導入ホッパの外側に設置することができる。 A flexible tube connected to the cooling medium pipe for cooling the movable grate train as defined in claim 2 is provided outside the combustion air introduction hopper outside the burning residue falling area below the grate train. Can be installed.

このように構成することで、火格子の可動域を許容するフレキシブルチューブが火格子下方の燃焼空気導入ホッパよりも外側に位置しているので、高熱の焼却物残渣などの落下物や滴下物によってフレキシブルチューブが焼損するおそれがない。また、固定火格子列および可動火格子列のいずれも、先端正面に火格子空気噴き出し口を設けた複数の火格子を炉幅方向にほとんど隙間なく配列して構成することで、隣接する火格子間から高熱の焼却物残渣などが冷却配管上に落下したり滴下したりしにくいので、冷媒配管が焼損しない。   By configuring in this way, the flexible tube that allows the range of motion of the grate is located outside the combustion air introduction hopper below the grate, so it is caused by falling objects and drops such as high-temperature incineration residue There is no risk of burning the flexible tube. In addition, each of the fixed grate row and the movable grate row is configured by arranging a plurality of grates provided with a grate air outlet on the front face of the front end in the furnace width direction with almost no gap, so that adjacent grate The high-temperature incineration residue or the like is not easily dropped or dripped onto the cooling pipe, so the refrigerant pipe does not burn out.

請求項に記載のように、前記冷却媒体配管上にプロテクタを設置して二重化構造にすることができる。なお、プロテクタは全周面あるいは火格子側の半周面に設置する。 As described in claim 3 , a protector can be installed on the cooling medium pipe to form a duplex structure. The protector is installed on the entire circumference or the half circumference on the grate side.

このように構成することで、配管の腐食を防止して寿命の延長化を図ることができる。   By comprising in this way, corrosion of piping can be prevented and lifetime can be extended.

請求項に記載のように、火格子温度を測定し、測定した火格子温度が設定温度の範囲内になるように、前記冷却媒体配管内を流通する冷却媒体の流量を制御することが好ましい。 As described in claim 4, it is preferable to measure the grate temperature and control the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium piping so that the measured grate temperature falls within the set temperature range. .

このように構成することで、火格子の熱負荷を管理でき、火格子および冷媒配管の寿命を延長できる。特に、環境改善のために排ガス量の低減を図るうえで、燃焼空気量を低減すると、通常は火格子の冷却能力が低下して火格子の高温度化による損傷を誘発するが、冷却媒体の流量を増大して冷却能力を上げられるので、低空気状態でも火格子を焼損することなく焼却炉の運転を継続できる。この結果、火格子温度が従来よりも20〜300℃ほど低下し、火格子寿命が従来の4倍程度延長された。また従来に比べて火格子材を低級化でき、これにより硬度重視の材質選定から靭性重視の材質選定が可能になり、割れに対する対策が可能になる。加えて、ランイングコストの向上も図れるようになる。   By comprising in this way, the thermal load of a grate can be managed and the lifetime of a grate and refrigerant | coolant piping can be extended. In particular, in order to reduce the amount of exhaust gas to improve the environment, reducing the amount of combustion air usually reduces the grate cooling capacity and induces damage due to higher grate temperature. Since the cooling capacity can be increased by increasing the flow rate, the operation of the incinerator can be continued without burning the grate even in a low air state. As a result, the grate temperature was lowered by about 20 to 300 ° C. compared to the conventional one, and the grate life was extended about four times the conventional one. In addition, the grate material can be made lower than in the past, which makes it possible to select a material that emphasizes hardness to a material that emphasizes toughness, and to take measures against cracking. In addition, the running cost can be improved.

請求項に記載のように、前記冷却媒体に水または空気を用いることができ、これにより、ランニングコストが安く、しかも効率よく冷却できる。また、請求項5の発明を併用することで、火格子寿命を最長化することができ、ランニングコストを安く抑えられる。 As described in claim 5 , water or air can be used as the cooling medium, whereby the running cost is low and the cooling can be efficiently performed. Further, by using the invention of claim 5 together, the grate life can be maximized, and the running cost can be reduced.

本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉は、上記の構成からなり、火格子を間接的に冷却するから、廃棄物の燃焼時に火格子の熱落差が過大化せず、火格子内の熱応力値が火格子材料の許容応力値内に抑えられ、熱応力により火格子が破損しにくい。また仮に熱応力以外の原因で火格子が破損した場合にも、火格子から冷却水などの冷媒が噴出するおそれがなく、焼却炉の運転を継続できる。さらに直接冷却方式と違って可動火格子に冷媒源をチューブなどで直接に接続する必要がないので、接続部やチューブなどの損傷が起こりにくいうえに、冷媒配管上に火格子を搭載するために、火格子の着脱が容易であり、既設の焼却炉にも適用できる。また、可動火格子を冷却する冷媒配管に接続して冷媒を供給するための、可動域を許容するフレキシブル配管を、火格子下方の燃焼空気導入ホッパよりも外側に配置しているので、高熱の燃焼物残滓などの落下物や滴下物でフレキシブル配管が焼損するおそれがない。さらに、固定火格子列および可動火格子列のいずれも、先端正面に燃焼空気噴き出し口を設けた複数の火格子を炉幅方向に隙間なく配列して構成したから、隣接する火格子間から高熱の燃焼物残滓などが冷媒配管上に落下したり滴下したりしないので、冷媒配管が焼損することがないほか、火格子の温度が最も高くなり易い先端側から燃焼空気を噴き出すので、火格子の冷却効果がある。具体的には、本発明により、火格子温度が従来よりも20〜300℃ほど低下し、火格子寿命が従来の4倍程度延長される。また、従来よりも火格子の材質を低級化でき、この結果、硬度重視の材質選定から靱性重視の材質選定が可能になり、割れに対する更なる対策が可能になる。加えて、ランイングコストの向上も図れるようになる。   Since the waste incinerator according to the present invention has the above-described configuration and indirectly cools the grate, the thermal drop of the grate does not become excessive when the waste is burned, and the thermal stress value in the grate is It is suppressed within the allowable stress value of the grate material, and the grate is not easily damaged by thermal stress. In addition, even if the grate is damaged due to a cause other than thermal stress, there is no fear that coolant such as cooling water will be ejected from the grate, and the operation of the incinerator can be continued. Furthermore, unlike the direct cooling method, it is not necessary to connect the refrigerant source directly to the movable grate with a tube, etc., so that the connection part and the tube are not easily damaged and the grate is mounted on the refrigerant pipe. The grate is easy to attach and detach, and can be applied to existing incinerators. In addition, the flexible piping that allows the movable range for supplying the refrigerant by connecting to the refrigerant piping for cooling the movable grate is arranged outside the combustion air introduction hopper below the grate, so There is no risk that the flexible piping will be burned by falling objects such as burned material residues or dripping materials. Furthermore, both the fixed grate train and the movable grate train are configured by arranging a plurality of grates provided with combustion air outlets in front of the front end without any gaps in the furnace width direction. Because no combustion residue remains or drops on the refrigerant piping, the refrigerant piping will not burn out, and the combustion air will be blown out from the tip side where the temperature of the grate tends to be highest. There is a cooling effect. Specifically, according to the present invention, the grate temperature is lowered by about 20 to 300 ° C. compared to the conventional one, and the grate life is extended by about four times the conventional one. In addition, the material of the grate can be made lower than before, and as a result, it is possible to select the material with emphasis on toughness from the material selection with emphasis on hardness, and further measures against cracks are possible. In addition, the running cost can be improved.

以下に、本発明に係る廃棄物焼却炉の火格子冷却構造の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a grate cooling structure for a waste incinerator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は階段型ストーカ型焼却炉における可動火格子(可動火格子列)の動作を示す説明図、図2は階段型ストーカを示す断面図である。図3は火格子冷却構造の一部を示す平面図である。   FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing the operation of a movable grate (movable grate array) in a staircase-type stoker-type incinerator, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the staircase-type stoker. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a part of the grate cooling structure.

図1または図2に示すように、階段型ストーカ型焼却炉1における階段型ストーカ3は両側の耐火壁7・7間において、炉幅方向に多数の固定火格子8aが隙間なく配列された固定火格子列8と、炉幅方向に多数の可動火格子9aが隙間なく配列された可動火格子列9とが、廃棄物xの送り方向に交互にかつ階段状に配設されている。固定火格子8aおよび可動火格子9aは側方視略逆L形で、各火格子8a・9aの基端部が炉幅方向に延びる共通の支軸10・11に支持されている。固定火格子8aは支軸10から下向けに延びたブラケット10aにより固定フレーム12に支持され、また可動火格子9aは支軸11から下向けに延びたブラケット11aにより可動フレーム13に支持されている。   As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the staircase type stoker 3 in the staircase type stoker type incinerator 1 has a fixed structure in which a large number of fixed grate 8a are arranged in the furnace width direction without gaps between the fire walls 7 and 7 on both sides. The grate row 8 and the movable grate row 9 in which a large number of movable grate 9a are arranged without gaps in the furnace width direction are arranged alternately and stepwise in the feed direction of the waste x. The fixed grate 8a and the movable grate 9a have a substantially inverted L shape when viewed from the side, and the base ends of the grate 8a and 9a are supported by a common support shaft 10 and 11 extending in the furnace width direction. The fixed grate 8a is supported on the fixed frame 12 by a bracket 10a extending downward from the support shaft 10, and the movable grate 9a is supported on the movable frame 13 by a bracket 11a extending downward from the support shaft 11. .

図2に示すように、炉幅方向に多数の固定火格子8aあるいは多数の可動火格子9aを隙間なく隣接して配列した固定火格子列8により構成される炉床8’および可動火格子列9により構成される炉床9’の下方に、燃焼空気yを外部から導入するためのホッパ14が形成され、燃焼空気導入管15によりホッパ14内に導入された燃焼空気yが、図1のように各火格子8a・9aの先端部の正面に設けられた噴き出し口16から炉1以内に流入する。この構成により、廃棄物xの燃焼により廃棄物xの含有物からアルミ溶融液やタール分などの溶融物が生じても、各火格子列8・9の下方に滴下することがなく、また各火格子8a・9aの温度が最も高くなる先端部から燃焼空気が噴き出すことで、火格子8a・9aが効果的に空冷される。なお、上記実施例では火格子8aを炉幅方向に隣接して配列した火格子列8とその下方で火格子9aを炉幅方向に隣接して配列した火格子列9のうち、火格子列8を固定火格子列としたが、火格子列8および火格子列9の両方を可動火格子列にすることもできる。   As shown in FIG. 2, a hearth 8 ′ and a movable grate row constituted by a fixed grate row 8 in which a large number of fixed grate 8 a or a large number of movable grate 9 a are arranged adjacent to each other without gaps in the furnace width direction. A hopper 14 for introducing the combustion air y from the outside is formed below the hearth 9 ′ composed of 9, and the combustion air y introduced into the hopper 14 by the combustion air introduction pipe 15 is shown in FIG. In this way, it flows into the furnace 1 from the outlet 16 provided in front of the front end of each grate 8a, 9a. With this configuration, even if a melt such as an aluminum melt or a tar content is generated from the contents of the waste x due to the combustion of the waste x, it does not drop below the grate rows 8 and 9. The combustion air is ejected from the tip portion where the temperature of the grate 8a / 9a is the highest, whereby the grate 8a / 9a is effectively air-cooled. In the above embodiment, of the grate row 8 in which the grate 8a is arranged adjacent to the furnace width direction and the grate row 9 in which the grate 9a is arranged adjacent to the furnace width direction below, the grate row Although 8 is a fixed grate train, both the grate train 8 and the grate train 9 may be movable grate trains.

さて本発明の特徴部分としての、固定火格子8aおよび可動火格子9aを間接的に冷却する冷却構造20は、本例では、図3に示すように支軸10・11側から各火格子8a・9aの先端側へ長手方向に延びる冷却水供給管21と、各火格子8a・9aの先端側から支軸10・11側へ火格子8a・9aの長手方向に延びる冷却水排出管22と、供給管21と排出管22との間に跨って両管21・22を接続し各火格子8a・9aを横切るように火格子に直交する方向に、火格子の長手方向に一定間隔をあけて配置される2本の冷却水配管23とを備えている。また、各火格子8a・9a下で長手方向に支軸10・11から先端側へ延びるフィンプレート26にて、2本の冷却水配管23・23が一体に連結されている。フィンプレート26の上端には、各火格子8a・9aの下面で先端側と基端寄りに設けた凹状部8b(9b)・8c(9c)・8d(9d)に嵌合可能な2つ〜3つの冷却フィン26a・26b・26cが突設されている。この冷却構造20では、火格子冷却用の2本の冷却水配管23・23を含む配管21〜23と支軸10(11)とフィンプレート26とから格子状に構成されるため、各火格子8a・9aが焼損したり折損したりしても、落下せずに支持されるようになっている。また、フィンプレート26の2つ又は3つの冷却フィン26a・26b(・26c)が各火格子8a・9a下の凹状部8b(9b)・8c(9c)・8d(9d)に嵌合した状態で、火格子8a・9aが支持されるために、特に可動火格子9aが可動時に配管21〜23上でずれることがない上に、固定火格子8aおよび可動火格子9aともに配管21〜23内を流通する冷却水にて効率よく冷却される。なお、冷却水配管21〜23やフィンプレート26による格子状ユニットの冷却構造20に代えて、一対のプレス板を重ね合わせて一体成形して冷却水流路(配管)と突起部(冷却フィン)を備えた冷却板形状の構造を使用することもできる。また、配管21〜23は、図3の右側配管に示すように管本体の表面全周にプロテクタPを施した二重管構造にしているが、図3の左側配管のようにプロテクタPは火格子側の上部半周面だけでも有効である。   The cooling structure 20 for indirectly cooling the fixed grate 8a and the movable grate 9a as a characteristic part of the present invention is, as shown in FIG. 3, the grate 8a from the support shafts 10 and 11 side in this example. A cooling water supply pipe 21 extending in the longitudinal direction toward the tip side of 9a, and a cooling water discharge pipe 22 extending in the longitudinal direction of the grate 8a and 9a from the tip side of each grate 8a and 9a toward the support shafts 10 and 11; The pipes 21 and 22 are connected across the supply pipe 21 and the discharge pipe 22, and are spaced in the direction perpendicular to the grate so as to cross the grate 8a and 9a and in the longitudinal direction of the grate. And two cooling water pipes 23 arranged. In addition, two cooling water pipes 23 and 23 are integrally connected by a fin plate 26 extending from the support shafts 10 and 11 in the longitudinal direction under the grate 8a and 9a. The upper end of the fin plate 26 can be fitted with two concave portions 8b (9b), 8c (9c), and 8d (9d) that are provided on the lower surface of the grate 8a and 9a and closer to the proximal end. Three cooling fins 26a, 26b, and 26c are projected. In this cooling structure 20, since the pipes 21 to 23 including the two cooling water pipes 23 and 23 for cooling the grate, the support shaft 10 (11), and the fin plate 26 are configured in a lattice shape, each grate Even if 8a and 9a burn out or break, they are supported without falling. In addition, two or three cooling fins 26a, 26b (.26c) of the fin plate 26 are fitted in the recessed portions 8b (9b), 8c (9c), 8d (9d) below the respective grate 8a, 9a. Since the grate 8a and 9a are supported, the movable grate 9a is not displaced on the pipes 21 to 23 particularly when the grate is movable, and the fixed grate 8a and the movable grate 9a are both in the pipes 21 to 23. It is cooled efficiently with the cooling water that circulates. Instead of the cooling structure 20 of the lattice unit by the cooling water pipes 21 to 23 and the fin plate 26, a pair of press plates are overlapped and integrally formed to form a cooling water flow path (piping) and a protrusion (cooling fin). The structure of the provided cooling plate shape can also be used. In addition, the pipes 21 to 23 have a double pipe structure in which a protector P is applied to the entire surface of the pipe body as shown in the right side pipe of FIG. 3, but the protector P is fired like the left side pipe of FIG. 3. Even the upper half surface on the lattice side is effective.

図2に示すように、冷却水タンク31(図5参照)からの冷却水wが給水管24により耐火壁7の外方よりホッパ14内に導かれ、供給管21より冷却水配管23へ供給される。冷却水配管23は複数本に分岐され、排出管22で集合された後、排水管25によりホッパ14から耐火壁7を横切って外方へ排水される。こうした配管構造は固定火格子列8および可動火格子列9でほぼ共通するが、可動火格子列9では廃棄物xの送り方向に沿って往復移動する距離(ストローク分)を許容(吸収)するため、図2に示すように蛇腹状のフレキシブル配管24a・25aを給水管24と排水管25の途中に介設している。また、各フレキシブル配管(フレキシブルチューブ)24a・25aの位置は、熱的影響を受けにくいホッパ14外方の耐火壁7下にしている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the cooling water w from the cooling water tank 31 (see FIG. 5) is guided into the hopper 14 from the outside of the refractory wall 7 by the water supply pipe 24, and supplied from the supply pipe 21 to the cooling water pipe 23. Is done. The cooling water pipes 23 are branched into a plurality of pipes, gathered by the discharge pipe 22, and then drained outward from the hopper 14 across the refractory wall 7 by the drain pipe 25. Such a piping structure is almost common to the fixed grate train 8 and the movable grate train 9, but the movable grate train 9 allows (absorbs) a distance (stroke) that reciprocates along the feed direction of the waste x. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, bellows-like flexible pipes 24 a and 25 a are interposed between the water supply pipe 24 and the drain pipe 25. Further, the positions of the flexible pipes (flexible tubes) 24a and 25a are under the fireproof wall 7 outside the hopper 14 which is not easily affected by heat.

図4は火格子の冷却構造を示す側面図と正面図で、ここでは火格子8a(9a)の長さL:500〜1000mm、冷却水配管23の本数n:1〜5本、冷却水配管23の外径r:10〜50mm、冷却水配管23のピッチp:50〜200mm、フィンプレート26の厚みt:5〜30mm、フィンプレート26の高さh:10〜100mmの各数値の範囲内で決定される。各火格子8a・9aの長さL、冷却水配管23の本数、同配管23の外径r、同外観23のピッチp、フィンプレート26厚tおよび同プレート16高さhの数値を適宜調整することにより、最適な冷却性能を達成できる。   FIG. 4 is a side view and a front view showing a grate cooling structure. Here, the length L of the grate 8a (9a) is 500 to 1000 mm, the number n of the cooling water pipes 23 is 1 to 5, and the cooling water pipes. The outer diameter r of the pipe 23 is 10 to 50 mm, the pitch p of the cooling water pipe 23 is 50 to 200 mm, the thickness t of the fin plate 26 is 5 to 30 mm, and the height h of the fin plate 26 is within a range of 10 to 100 mm. Determined by The length L of each grate 8a, 9a, the number of the cooling water pipes 23, the outer diameter r of the pipes 23, the pitch p of the outer appearance 23, the fin plate 26 thickness t, and the numerical values of the plate 16 height h are appropriately adjusted. By doing so, optimum cooling performance can be achieved.

さらに、本例の廃棄物焼却炉1では、焼却炉運転中の固定火格子8aの温度を測定し、その温度があらかじめ設定した温度範囲内になるように冷却水配管21〜23へ供給する冷却水量を調節できるようにしている。すなわち、本例では、固定火格子8aの先端側の最も温度が高くなる箇所に熱電対36を取り付けて温度を測定し、冷却水タンク31からの冷却水供給量を制御している。ここで、図5は火格子の冷却水量制御フローを示すもので、固定火格子8a下の冷却水配管21〜23を流通する水量を火格子温度に対応して制御している。同図に示すように、冷却水タンク31に貯留されている冷却水wが循環ポンプ32により給水管24から冷却水配管21〜23に供給される。給水管24には開度を調整可能な調節弁33が介設されており、循環ポンプ32の回転数および調節弁33の開度の少なくとも一方で、冷却水供給量を制御できるようにしている。また、冷却水配管21〜23から排出された冷却水は、排水管25により冷却器35へ送られ、そこで一旦冷却されたのち、冷却水タンク31へ戻されて再び冷却水配管21〜23を循環する。そして、熱電対36で測定される温度信号が循環ポンプ駆動用モータ34および調節弁33へそれぞれ配線38を通じて入力され、あらかじめ設定された温度範囲内になるように、循環ポンプ32の回転数あるいは調節弁33の開度が制御される。   Further, in the waste incinerator 1 of this example, the temperature of the fixed grate 8a during the operation of the incinerator is measured, and the cooling supplied to the cooling water pipes 21 to 23 so that the temperature falls within a preset temperature range. The amount of water can be adjusted. That is, in this example, the thermocouple 36 is attached to a location where the temperature is highest on the tip side of the fixed grate 8a, the temperature is measured, and the cooling water supply amount from the cooling water tank 31 is controlled. Here, FIG. 5 shows a flow control flow of cooling water in the grate, and the amount of water flowing through the cooling water pipes 21 to 23 below the fixed grate 8a is controlled in accordance with the grate temperature. As shown in the figure, the cooling water w stored in the cooling water tank 31 is supplied from the water supply pipe 24 to the cooling water pipes 21 to 23 by the circulation pump 32. An adjustment valve 33 whose opening degree can be adjusted is provided in the water supply pipe 24 so that the cooling water supply amount can be controlled by at least one of the rotational speed of the circulation pump 32 and the opening degree of the adjustment valve 33. . Further, the cooling water discharged from the cooling water pipes 21 to 23 is sent to the cooler 35 through the drain pipe 25 and once cooled there, it is returned to the cooling water tank 31 and again passed through the cooling water pipes 21 to 23. Circulate. Then, the temperature signal measured by the thermocouple 36 is input to the circulation pump drive motor 34 and the control valve 33 through the wiring 38, respectively, so that the rotation speed or adjustment of the circulation pump 32 is within a preset temperature range. The opening degree of the valve 33 is controlled.

以上に本発明の廃棄物焼却炉の火格子冷却構造について実施例を挙げて説明したが、下記のように実施することができる。
・火格子下面と冷媒配管およびフィンプレートとの間に隙間がある場合には、熱伝導性に優れかつ接着能力の高いモルタルなどの締結剤にて隙間を埋めることによって冷却効率を向上できる。
・配管を流通させる冷却媒体には、冷却水をはじめとする冷却液のほか、冷気などの気体を使用することができる。また、ホッパ14内に導入する燃焼空気量を増大させて火格子先端の燃焼空気噴き出し口16から炉1内に流入する燃焼空気の量を増やすことによっても、火格子の冷却能力を高めることができる。
・上記したように実施例では炉底を固定火格子列8と可動火格子列9で構成したが、火格子列8および火格子列9の両方を可動火格子列にすることもできる。
Although the grate cooling structure of the waste incinerator according to the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments, it can be carried out as follows.
When there is a gap between the grate lower surface and the refrigerant pipe and the fin plate, the cooling efficiency can be improved by filling the gap with a fastening agent such as mortar having excellent thermal conductivity and high adhesive ability.
・ Cooling liquids such as cooling water as well as cooling air can be used as the cooling medium for circulating the pipe. In addition, increasing the amount of combustion air introduced into the hopper 14 to increase the amount of combustion air flowing into the furnace 1 from the combustion air outlet 16 at the tip of the grate can also increase the cooling capacity of the grate. it can.
As described above, in the embodiment, the bottom of the furnace is composed of the fixed grate string 8 and the movable grate string 9, but both the grate string 8 and the grate string 9 may be movable grate strings.

本発明の火格子冷却構造を適用する階段型ストーカ型焼却炉における可動火格子(可動火格子列)の動作を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the movable grate (movable grate row | line | column) in the staircase type stoker type incinerator to which the grate cooling structure of this invention is applied. 階段型ストーカを示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows a staircase type stalker. 図3(a)は火格子冷却構造の一部を示す平面図、図3(b)は同側面図である。FIG. 3A is a plan view showing a part of the grate cooling structure, and FIG. 3B is a side view thereof. 図4(a)は本発明の実施例にかかる火格子の冷却構造を示す側面図で、図4(b)は正面図である。FIG. 4A is a side view showing a grate cooling structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 4B is a front view. 本発明の実施例にかかる火格子の冷却水量制御フローを示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the cooling water amount control flow of the grate concerning the Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 焼却炉
3 階段型ストーカ
6 再燃焼室
7 耐火壁
8 固定火格子列
8a固定火格子
9 可動火格子列
9a可動火格子
8’・9’炉床
8b・9b・8c・9c・8d・9d 凹状部
10・11 支軸
10a・11aブラケット
12 固定フレーム
13 可動フレーム
14 ホッパ
15 燃焼空気導入管
16 噴き出し口
20 火格子冷却構造
21 冷却水供給管
22 冷却水排出管
23 冷却水配管
24 給水管
25 排水管
26 フィンプレート
26a・26b・26c 冷却フィン
31 冷却水タンク
32 循環ポンプ
33 調節弁
34 循環ポンプ駆動用モータ
35 冷却器
36 熱電対
38 配線
P プロテクタ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 3 Stair type stoker 6 Recombustion chamber 7 Fire wall 8 Fixed grate row 8a Fixed grate 9 Movable grate row 9a Movable grate 8 ', 9' hearth 8b, 9b, 8c, 9c, 8d, 9d Concave portions 10 and 11 Support shafts 10a and 11a Bracket 12 Fixed frame 13 Movable frame 14 Hopper 15 Combustion air introduction pipe 16 Outlet 20 Grate cooling structure 21 Cooling water supply pipe 22 Cooling water discharge pipe 23 Cooling water pipe 24 Water supply pipe 25 Drain pipe 26 Fin plate 26a / 26b / 26c Cooling fin 31 Cooling water tank 32 Circulating pump 33 Control valve 34 Motor for circulating pump drive 35 Cooler 36 Thermocouple 38 Wiring P Protector

Claims (5)

可動する火格子列が順次部分的に重なり合い、全体として水平または送り方向に下り勾配となる階段型炉床の各列の下部に、冷却媒体を流通する伝熱構造体を設け、前記伝熱構造体は、前記可動する火格子列と一体的に動くものであって、
前記伝熱構造体を複数の冷却媒体用配管と、前記火格子列を構成する各火格子の下面に設けた凹状部嵌合可能な冷却フィンを突設したフィンプレートとで格子状に構成して前記火格子列を支持すると同時に、前記複数の冷却媒体用配管および前記フィンプレートを介して前記各火格子を間接的に冷却することを特徴とする廃棄物焼却炉。
A heat transfer structure that circulates a cooling medium is provided at the bottom of each row of staircase hearths in which movable grate rows partially overlap each other in a horizontal or downward direction as a whole, and the heat transfer structure The body moves integrally with the movable grate train,
Configured in a lattice with pipes and a plurality of cooling medium the heat transfer structure, the fin plate which projects fittable cooling fins in a concave portion provided on the lower surface of each grate constituting the grate column A waste incinerator characterized by supporting the grate train and simultaneously cooling each grate through the plurality of cooling medium pipes and the fin plates.
可動する前記火格子列を冷却するための前記冷却媒体用配管に接続するフレキシブルチューブを、前記火格子列下方の焼却残渣落下域から外れた燃焼空気導入ホッパの外側に設置したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の廃棄物焼却炉。   A flexible tube connected to the cooling medium pipe for cooling the movable grate train is installed outside the combustion air introduction hopper outside the incineration residue dropping area below the grate train. The waste incinerator according to claim 1. 前記冷却媒体用配管上にプロテクタを設置して二重化構造にしたことを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の廃棄物焼却炉。   The waste incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a protector is installed on the cooling medium pipe to form a double structure. 前記火格子温度を測定し、測定した火格子温度が設定温度の範囲内になるように、前記冷却媒体用配管内を流通する冷却媒体の流量を制御することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の廃棄物焼却炉。   The grate temperature is measured, and the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling medium piping is controlled so that the measured grate temperature falls within a set temperature range. The waste incinerator according to any one of the above. 前記冷却媒体が水または空気であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の廃棄物焼却炉。   The waste incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cooling medium is water or air.
JP2006210729A 2006-08-02 2006-08-02 Waste incinerator Expired - Fee Related JP4675858B2 (en)

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JP5422291B2 (en) * 2009-07-30 2014-02-19 株式会社タクマ Water-cooled stoker furnace
JP5361929B2 (en) * 2011-03-22 2013-12-04 有限会社春日サービス Indirect cooling water cooling and direct air cooling grate combustion equipment
RU2559103C1 (en) * 2014-02-04 2015-08-10 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет" Furnace with fixed fire grate
CN107664307B (en) * 2016-07-29 2024-02-09 北京航天动力研究所 Alternately moving fire grate garbage incinerator
KR101895397B1 (en) * 2017-04-10 2018-09-05 송인규 Installation stucture of fire grate
CN114923184A (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-08-19 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 Grate frame cooling system and incinerator

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