JP3838639B2 - Combustion apparatus and method for stoker type incinerator - Google Patents

Combustion apparatus and method for stoker type incinerator Download PDF

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JP3838639B2
JP3838639B2 JP2002280480A JP2002280480A JP3838639B2 JP 3838639 B2 JP3838639 B2 JP 3838639B2 JP 2002280480 A JP2002280480 A JP 2002280480A JP 2002280480 A JP2002280480 A JP 2002280480A JP 3838639 B2 JP3838639 B2 JP 3838639B2
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grate
cooling
water
block
combustion apparatus
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JP2004116884A (en
JP2004116884A5 (en
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嘉信 浦上
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Ebara Corp
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Ebara Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、ストーカ式焼却炉に係り、特に、火格子冷却機構を備え、火格子の高温部を集中的に水冷却する高温焼却を行う横列隔段往復動のストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置と方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
【特許文献1】
実公平4−49476号公報
【特許文献2】
実開昭58−58234号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2001−173920号公報
【特許文献4】
実公平2−5228号公報
従来、燃焼においてはNOx抑制から、炉出口温度950℃以下に温度管理されていた。しかし、近年ダイオキシン低減と高効率熱回収を目的として、1000℃以上の高温燃焼が必要となり、一次燃焼空気量を低減し、空気比を下げた運転が要求され、火格子温度が極めて高くなる。特に、ストーカ式焼却炉においては、被処理物の移送を行うストーカ火格子が高温腐食を生ずる懸念があった。火格子は、約500℃以上で先端部分の急速な焼損(高温腐食と摩耗)が進行する。従来は、火格子の冷却は一次燃焼空気で行っていた。すなわち、一次燃焼空気を炉内へ供給する過程で、火格子下面に設けた冷却フィンを介して冷却を行っていた。この方法では、プラスチック等の高カロリーごみを多く含有する廃棄物の焼却をした場合、主燃焼部の火格子温度が約600℃を超える場合が発生し、高温腐食を抑制することができなかった。
【0003】
また、燃焼制御においては、ボイラータービン付き焼却炉の場合、蒸発量制御(発電量制御)を行うため、ごみ発熱量と処理量によって一次燃焼空気が制限され、空気冷却不足となり火格子の耐久性が犠牲となっていた。
他方、火格子の空気冷却の方法で、火格子高温部を少量の冷却空気又は冷却気体で集中的に強制冷却する方法も提唱されているが、プラスチック等高発熱量ごみがストーカ上で部分的に燃焼した場合、ストーカの耐久性をより高める必要がある。
その他、複雑な水冷配管を直接火格子部に配備して、火格子を冷却する構造が提唱されているが、水冷管を火格子に直接鋳込んだ構造や、水冷管を火格子に直接接触させた構造では、火格子の摩耗や火格子への直接的な機械的衝撃等により、冷却管に損傷を与える機会が多く、冷却水の漏水による事故により、焼却炉の停止を余儀なくされる場合がある。また、火格子に水冷管を直接鋳込んだ構造は、消耗品である火格子の著しいコストの増加を生じると共に、火格子交換時には、水冷管の脱着作業が必要であり、復旧時間も長くコスト増加を生じる。
【0004】
火格子全体を水冷する冷却構造を有する火格子も提唱されているが、火格子の温度分布は先端部が高く、他の部位は、従来の空気冷却で十分な程度の温度であり水冷の必要はない。
火格子全体を水冷した場合、過剰な熱回収量となる可能性があり、部分的な低温部が発生し、不完全燃焼よるダイオキシン発生と高温維持のための外部熱源補充など、高温燃焼の目的に反する状況が想定できる。
火格子の高温化の機械的弊害として、火格子列の熱膨張により火格子がせり上がり、その空間に不燃物が入り込み、機械的な事故が発生する事例が数多く報告されている。また、火格子上面にごみ中の金属が強固に溶着し、動作抵抗となりストーカの動作を不安定にすると共に、大きな駆動力を必要とする等の問題が生じる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記従来技術に鑑み、ダイオキシンの発生抑制及び高効率熱回収ができ、極めて高温での運転に対応できる火格子の冷却構造を有する高温焼却可能なストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置と方法を提供することを課題とする。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明では、火格子とそれを支持する可動フレームと固定フレ−ムとを備えたストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置において、前記火格子の先端裏面部(先端下部)に水冷管を内蔵した火格子固定ブロツク兼用の鋳物製水冷ブロックを配し、外部供給手段より前記ブロックの水冷管に供給された冷却水を循環する手段を設けたことを特徴とするストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置としたものである。
前記燃焼装置において、火格子の先端部分は高温であるが、その他の部分は比較的低温であり、このような火格子部分及び火格子先端部であっても比較的温度の低いゾーンの少なくとも一部の火格子には、従来通り火格子下部への空気供給手段により供給された一次燃焼空気が、火格子間に設けたスリットから炉内へ吐出する過程で空気冷却するための手段を設けることができ、十分安全な温度に冷却が可能であるため、水冷と空冷の併用冷却で火格子全体の冷却を行い、過剰な冷却による弊害を防止するものである。また、火格子を冷却する水冷ブロックは、各火格子に対して冷却水供給管と戻り管とを設け、各々共通の供給主管と戻り主管に接続することにより、冷却水が個々の火格子を均等に冷却することができる。
【0007】
また、前記燃焼装置において、水冷ブロックは、火格子の補強リブ兼用の冷却フィンを有する火格子下面の断面形状に合わせて、鋳造及び加工した形状とし、該水冷ブロックに火格子をはめ込むように構成し、水冷ブロックは、火格子受けフレームに固定されており、火格子は下面の冷却フィン兼用の補強リブを水冷ブロックの凹凸部にはめ込み一体化すると共に、はめ合い部の微小間隙には、熱伝導率の高いモルタル等の充填材を塗布又は充填し熱伝導率を上げ、より冷却効果を高めることができる。また、前記水冷ブロックに火格子をはめ込む構成は、火格子と火格子受け梁の間に差し込む簡単なスペーサーにより行い、はめ込み式一体化構造により、火格子装着作業は特殊作業を必要とせず容易であり、火格子交換時は、冷却管の取り外しや接続などの作業を必要とせず、火格子のみを取り外せ比較的短時間で組立精度の高い交換作業ができる。
火格子は、個々に固定された水冷ブロックと一体化し、固定されるため、火格子の熱膨張や不燃物の噛み込み等による浮き上がりや広がりの発生の機械的外力を受けても安定した位置を維持することができる。
また、前記水冷管に導入する冷却水には、水質管理するための手段を備えると共に、前記火格子温度を400℃以下となるように該冷却水を流量制御する機構を有するのがよい。
さらに、本発明では、火格子とそれを支持する可動フレームと固定フレ−ムとを備えたストー力式焼却炉用燃焼方法において、前記火格子の先端裏面部に水冷管を内蔵した火格子固定ブロツク兼用の鋳物製水冷ブロックを配し、該ブロックの水冷管に外部より冷却水を循環しながら供給し、火格子を冷却することを特徴とするストー力式焼却炉用燃焼方法としたものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明を詳細に説明する。ストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置においては、ストーカの火格子を支持する可動フレームと固定フレームに火格子受け梁が複数本セットされており、各々の受け梁には、火格子が複数個配列されている。受け梁に溶接固定された鋼板製フレームには、水冷ブロックが固定されており、水冷ブロックに内蔵する冷却管は、火格子1ピースにつき、対配備され、冷却水供給枝管と戻り枝管にそれぞれ接続されている。外部より供給される冷却水は、冷却主管、枝管を経由して、冷却管を循環し水冷ブロックを冷却することにより、ブロックと一体化した火格子の高温部を間接冷却した後、戻り枝管、主管を経由して外部冷却装置へ戻る。冷却水は、配管内のスケール付着防止と腐食防止の目的から水質管理されており、火格子と熱交換した冷却水は、冷却塔などで冷却された後、水質処理されて冷却水として循環再利用される。
【0009】
一方、一次燃焼空気は、従来と同様に火格子下部の炉下ウインドボックスより供給され、火格子裏面と接触した後、火格子間に設けたスリットより、炉内へ供給されることにより火格子も冷却される。水冷部以外の比較的低温の範囲は、この空気冷却で十分に焼損が抑制される。
水冷ブロックは、鋳鋼製火格子の複雑な裏面形状に合わせて組み立てられるため、複雑な形状でかつ寸法精度も要求されることから鋳造品とし、更に手作業による仕上げ加工も必要である。また、火格子と水冷ブロックをより密着させ、熱伝導率を上げ、より冷却効果を高める目的から、高伝導率モルタル等の充填材を隙間に塗布又は充填することもできる。一方、水冷ブロックを鋳鉄等緻密でない組織を有する材質とする場合は、水が浸透することがあるため、冷却水を直接鋳造品内に供給することができないことから、ステンレス鋼管等を形状加工し、鋳ぐるむ構造としている。火格子及び水冷ブロックの材質は、耐熱性鋳鉄又は耐熱性鋳鋼とし、材質は、温度やガス・溶融塩の腐食環境によって選定する。
【0010】
水冷ブロックは、火格子の補強リブ兼用の冷却フィンと凹凸の形状ではめ込構造とし、また、火格子の先端下部は、水冷ブロック下面に引っかける構造として一体化しているため、火格子の幅方向と上下方向の動作を拘束できる。火格子の長さ方向は従来どおりの構造で拘束されている。
ストーカ焼却炉用燃焼装置は、同様の構造を有したユニットが複数組み合わされて構成されており(図1)、各ユニットの火格子温度は、乾燥ゾーン後段や主燃焼ゾーンで最も高く、後燃焼ゾーンが最も低い。本発明では、ストーカのユニット単位又は火格子横列単位で、水冷か空冷の選択を行うことができる。
本発明では、上記のような構成に基づく火格子の効果的かつ確実な冷却により、火格子の焼損(腐食・摩耗)を抑制し耐久性を高めると共に、高温での金属溶着と異常膨脹が防止され、また、不燃物による噛み込み防止も得られることから、機械的安定性を保つことができる。この結果、目的とする高温燃焼に対応できるストーカ焼却炉用燃焼装置を提供できる。
【0011】
次に、図面を用いて本発明を説明する。
図1は、本発明のストーカ式焼却炉の炉底部の一例を示す構成図である。図1において、ストーカ炉底部1に多段ストーカ2を配列して構成されている。ストーカ2の構成は、ごみの流れ方向に乾燥ストーカ2a、燃焼Iストーカ2b、燃焼IIストーカ2c、後燃焼ストーカ2dの4つのゾーンがあり、焼却規模によってゾーン数、炉長、炉幅各寸法が異なる。また、分割ユニット数も異なる。各ゾーンの火格子温度は異なり、火格子の冷却方式(水冷,空冷)を火格子横列毎に自由に選択できる。
図2に、図1のストーカ部分の拡大断面図を示す。図2のストーカユニツトは、横列隔段往復動式を採用しており、火格子間の隙間を均一に保ち、燃焼空気の吹き抜けや落じんを極力少なくしている。また、固定フレーム5aと可動フレーム5bを交互に配置し、効果的なごみの移送、反転、撹拌を行わせている。
【0012】
本発明の主要部は、図2(ストーカ側面図)又は図3(火格子側断面図)に示される火格子5、水冷ブロック6、及びフレーム構造7にある。可動火格子受け梁7b、固定火格子受け梁7aを問わず、受け梁には、水冷ブロック6を固定するフレーム7を備えている。水冷ブロック6は、ボルト等により前記フレーム7に固定されており、水冷管8を内蔵している。水冷管には、図4に示されるように供給管8aと戻り管8bを有しており、それぞれ水冷ブロック6と固定フレーム7に連通するように配管された、供給枝管9aと戻り枝管9bにそれぞれ接続されている。供給枝管9aと戻り枝管9bは、可動、固定火格子受け梁を問わず同様に配管されており、ストーカフレームに添って供給主管10aと戻り主管10bに接続されている。可動フレームは、約400mmのストロークを持って動くため、各々の主管は、フレキシブルジョイントにて外部主管と接続している。
【0013】
図4に、冷却部の火格子幅断面図を示す。火格子5は、1ピース毎に水冷ブロック6と対を成しており、水冷ブロックは、火格子面の冷却フイン兼用の補強リブ形状に合わせた凸凹状11を有し、火格子5をはめ込むことにより一体化することができる。火格子を受け梁7a、7b及び水冷ブロック6にセットする方法は、火格子後部の溝12を受け梁上面の平鋼13にはめ込み、次に火格子の後ろ側ヘスライドさせ、火格子先端下部の凸部14を水冷ブロック下部へはめ込む。無論この時、火格子リブの凹凸形状部も水冷ブロックの同位置に合わせておく必要がある。最終的な火格子の固定は、火格子受け梁上の平鋼13と火格子後部溝12で形成される隙間に、スペーサー15差し込み完了する。この手順で火格子は位置決め固定される。このように火格子交換作業では、水冷管の取り付け、取り外し作業を行う必要が無く、従来型(空冷式)火格子同様容易に火格子のみを交換することができる。
【0014】
火格子5と水冷ブロック6で形成される微小隙間16には、熱伝導率の高いモルタル等を塗布及び充填し、火格子の冷却効果をより高めるこができる。
以上のように、火格子5と水冷ブロック6は一体化され、火格子高温部を効果的に冷却することができる。
一方、一次燃焼空気は炉下ウインドボックス17に燃焼空気ダクト18より供給され、火格子5の低温部19とストーカフレーム5a、5b及びストーカ部品(駆動軸20、車輪21、駆動アーム22等)を冷却して、火格子間に設けたスリットから炉内へ吐出する。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、上記のような構成としたことにより、次のような効果を奏することができた。
(1)火格子の水冷ブロツクを介した間接水冷却により、焼損(高温腐食と摩耗)を受けやすい主燃焼部の火格子先端部を有効かつ安全に冷却でき、高温焼却時も火格子温度を400℃以下に安定保持することができ、従来の空気冷却に比べて著しく冷却効果が高い冷却構造を有する。
(2)空冷との併用及び火格子1ピース単位の冷却構造から、ストーカの範囲を限定して水冷することができ、焼却炉の過剰な冷却を抑制することができる。
(3)火格子温度の低減により、火格子熱膨脹を抑制すると共に、火格子面への金属溶着も抑制されると共に、火格子の固定が確実に行われるため、ストーカの機械的安定性が著しく改善される。その結果、事故による炉の停止機会を著しく削減できる。
【0016】
(4)火格子の交換作業では水冷管の取り外し、取り付け作業が不要であり、従来の火格子交換と同程度の作業負荷とすることができる。
(5)水冷管を火格子と分離したブロックに配備することにより、火格子が直接受ける摩耗や衝撃力等による水漏れ事故に関し、安全性が高い構造を提供できる。
(6)火格子寿命を約50000時間以上に設定した設計ができる。
(7)以上のように、ダイオキシン低減を目的とした高温焼却に対応できる冷却構造を有したストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置を提供できた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のストーカ式焼却炉の炉底部分の一例を示す構成図。
【図2】図1のストーカ式焼却炉の燃焼装置部分の拡大断面図。
【図3】図2の火格子及びフレーム部分の部分拡大図。
【図4】図3の冷却部の火格子幅断面図。
【符号の説明】
1:ストーカ式焼却炉、2:ストーカ、3:中間仕切、5:火格子、5a:固定フレーム、5b:可動フレーム、6:水冷ブロック、7:フレーム構造、7a、7b:受け梁、8:水冷管、8a:供給管、8b:戻り管、9a:供給枝管、9b:戻り枝管、10a:供給主管、10b:戻り主管、11:凸凹状、12:溝、13:平鋼、14:凸部、15:スペーサー、16:微小隙間、17:炉下ウィンドボックス、18:燃焼空気ダクト、19:低温部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stoker incinerator, in particular, it comprises a grate cooling mechanism, a row隔段reciprocating the stoker incinerator for combustion apparatus for performing centralized hot incineration for water cooling the high temperature section of the grate Regarding the method .
[0002]
[Prior art]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-49476 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-58234 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-173920 A [Patent Document 4]
Actually, in combustion, temperature control was performed at a furnace outlet temperature of 950 ° C. or lower in order to suppress NOx. However, in recent years, high-temperature combustion of 1000 ° C. or higher is required for the purpose of dioxin reduction and high-efficiency heat recovery, which requires an operation in which the amount of primary combustion air is reduced and the air ratio is lowered, and the grate temperature becomes extremely high. In particular, in a stoker-type incinerator, there is a concern that a stoker grate for transferring an object to be processed causes high-temperature corrosion. In the grate, rapid burning (high temperature corrosion and wear) of the tip portion proceeds at about 500 ° C. or more. Traditionally, grate cooling has been performed with primary combustion air. That is, in the process of supplying the primary combustion air into the furnace, the cooling is performed through the cooling fins provided on the lower surface of the grate. In this method, when the waste containing a lot of high-calorie waste such as plastic is incinerated, the grate temperature of the main combustion part may exceed about 600 ° C., and high-temperature corrosion could not be suppressed. .
[0003]
In combustion control, in the case of an incinerator with a boiler turbine, the evaporation amount control (power generation amount control) is performed, so the primary combustion air is limited by the amount of waste heat generated and the amount of processing, resulting in insufficient air cooling and the durability of the grate. Was sacrificed.
On the other hand, a method of intensively forcibly cooling the high-temperature part of the grate with a small amount of cooling air or cooling gas as a method of air cooling of the grate has been proposed, but high heat generation waste such as plastic is partially on the stoker. When burned, it is necessary to increase the durability of the stoker.
In addition, a structure that cools the grate by placing complex water-cooled piping directly on the grate is proposed, but a structure in which the water-cooled pipe is cast directly into the grate, or the water-cooled pipe is in direct contact with the grate In the case of the above structure, there are many opportunities to damage the cooling pipe due to wear of the grate or direct mechanical impact on the grate, etc., and the incinerator must be stopped due to an accident due to leakage of cooling water There is. In addition, the structure in which the water-cooled tube is directly cast into the grate causes a significant increase in the cost of the consumable grate, and when the grate is replaced, the water-cooled tube needs to be removed and the recovery time is long and costly. Cause an increase.
[0004]
A grate with a cooling structure that cools the entire grate is also proposed, but the temperature distribution of the grate is high at the tip, and the other parts are at a temperature sufficient for conventional air cooling and need water cooling There is no.
If the entire grate is water-cooled, there is a possibility of excessive heat recovery, resulting in partial low-temperature areas, the purpose of high-temperature combustion, such as generation of dioxins due to incomplete combustion and replenishment of external heat source to maintain high temperature A situation contrary to the above can be assumed.
As a mechanical adverse effect of the high temperature of the grate, many cases have been reported in which a grate rises due to the thermal expansion of the grate train, incombustible material enters the space, and a mechanical accident occurs. In addition, the metal in the dust is firmly welded on the upper surface of the grate, resulting in an operation resistance, making the operation of the stalker unstable and requiring a large driving force.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above prior art, the present invention is a combustion apparatus and method for a stoker-type incinerator capable of high-temperature incineration having a grate cooling structure capable of suppressing generation of dioxins and highly efficient heat recovery, and capable of handling operation at extremely high temperatures. It is an issue to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, in a combustion apparatus for a stow type incinerator including a grate, a movable frame that supports the grate, and a fixed frame, a tip rear surface portion (lower end of the tip) of the grate A cast water cooling block that also serves as a grate-fixing block with a built-in water-cooled pipe is provided, and means for circulating the cooling water supplied from the external supply means to the water-cooled pipe of the block is provided. This is a combustion apparatus for an incinerator.
In the combustion apparatus, the tip portion of the grate is hot, but the other portions are relatively cold. At least one of such a grate portion and the grate tip portion has a relatively low temperature zone. The grate of the section shall be provided with means for cooling the primary combustion air supplied by the air supply means to the lower part of the grate as usual in the process of discharging into the furnace from the slit provided between the grate. Since it can be cooled to a sufficiently safe temperature, the entire grate is cooled by a combined cooling of water cooling and air cooling to prevent harmful effects caused by excessive cooling. In addition, the water cooling block for cooling the grate is provided with a cooling water supply pipe and a return pipe for each grate, and each of them is connected to a common supply main pipe and a return main pipe so that the cooling water can be used for each grate. Cool evenly.
[0007]
Further, in the combustion apparatus, the water cooling block is formed by casting and processing in accordance with the cross-sectional shape of the lower surface of the grate having cooling fins also serving as reinforcing ribs of the grate, and is configured to fit the grate into the water cooling block. The water cooling block is fixed to the grate receiving frame, and the grate is integrated by inserting the reinforcing rib serving as the cooling fin on the lower surface into the concave and convex portions of the water cooling block. By applying or filling a filler such as mortar with high conductivity, the thermal conductivity can be increased and the cooling effect can be further enhanced. In addition, the structure for inserting the grate into the water cooling block is performed by a simple spacer inserted between the grate and the grate receiving beam, and the grate installation work is easy without requiring any special work due to the integrated structure. Yes, when replacing the grate, it is not necessary to remove or connect the cooling pipe, and only the grate can be removed, and a replacement operation with high assembly accuracy can be performed in a relatively short time.
The grate is integrated and fixed with an individually fixed water-cooled block, so that the grate has a stable position even when subjected to mechanical external forces such as thermal expansion of the grate and the occurrence of lifting and spreading due to incombustible biting. Can be maintained.
The cooling water introduced into the water-cooled pipe preferably includes means for controlling the water quality, and has a mechanism for controlling the flow rate of the cooling water so that the grate temperature is 400 ° C. or lower.
Furthermore, in the present invention, in a combustion method for a stow type incinerator comprising a grate, a movable frame that supports the grate, and a fixed frame, a grate fixing in which a water-cooled tube is incorporated in the back surface of the front end of the grate. This is a combustion method for a stow type incinerator characterized in that a cast water cooling block also serving as a block is arranged, cooling water is supplied to the water cooling pipe of the block while being circulated from the outside, and the grate is cooled. is there.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in detail. In a combustion apparatus for a stow type incinerator, a plurality of grate receiving beams are set on a movable frame and a fixed frame that support a stoker grate, and a plurality of grates are arranged on each receiving beam. ing. A water-cooled block is fixed to the steel plate frame that is welded and fixed to the receiving beam. The cooling pipes built in the water-cooling block are arranged in pairs per grate, and are connected to the cooling water supply branch pipe and the return branch pipe. Each is connected. Cooling water supplied from the outside passes through the cooling main pipe and branch pipe, circulates the cooling pipe and cools the water cooling block, indirectly cools the hot part of the grate integrated with the block, and then returns to the return branch. Return to the external cooling device via the pipe and main pipe. The water quality of the cooling water is controlled for the purpose of preventing the scale from adhering to the piping and preventing corrosion. The cooling water that has exchanged heat with the grate is cooled by a cooling tower, etc., treated with water quality, and recycled as cooling water. Used.
[0009]
On the other hand, the primary combustion air is supplied from the bottom window of the furnace below the grate as in the prior art, and after contacting the back of the grate, it is supplied into the furnace through a slit provided between the grate. Is also cooled. In a relatively low temperature range other than the water cooling part, the air cooling sufficiently suppresses burning.
Since the water-cooled block is assembled in accordance with the complicated back surface shape of the cast steel grate, it is required to have a complicated shape and high dimensional accuracy, so that it is a cast product and further requires manual finishing. In addition, a filler such as a high conductivity mortar can be applied or filled in the gap for the purpose of bringing the grate and the water cooling block into closer contact, increasing the thermal conductivity, and further improving the cooling effect. On the other hand, when the water-cooled block is made of a material having a non-dense structure such as cast iron, water may permeate, so the cooling water cannot be supplied directly into the cast product. It has a cast-in structure. The material of the grate and the water-cooled block is heat-resistant cast iron or heat-resistant cast steel, and the material is selected depending on the temperature and the corrosive environment of gas / molten salt.
[0010]
The water-cooled block is fitted with a cooling fin that also serves as a reinforcing rib for the grate and an uneven shape, and the lower end of the grate is integrated as a structure that hooks on the bottom surface of the water-cooled block, so the width direction of the grate And can restrain the vertical movement. The grate length direction is constrained by the conventional structure.
A combustion apparatus for a stoker incinerator is configured by combining a plurality of units having the same structure (FIG. 1), and the grate temperature of each unit is the highest in the rear stage of the drying zone and the main combustion zone, and the post-combustion The zone is the lowest. In the present invention, water cooling or air cooling can be selected in units of stoker units or grate rows.
In the present invention, effective and reliable cooling of the grate based on the configuration as described above suppresses grate burnout (corrosion and wear) and enhances durability, and prevents metal welding and abnormal expansion at high temperatures. In addition, since it is possible to prevent biting by an incombustible material, mechanical stability can be maintained. As a result, it is possible to provide a combustion apparatus for a stoker incinerator that can cope with the intended high-temperature combustion.
[0011]
Next, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a furnace bottom portion of the stoker type incinerator of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a multi-stage stoker 2 is arranged on the stoker furnace bottom 1. The stalker 2 has four zones, a dry stalker 2a, a combustion I stalker 2b, a combustion II stalker 2c, and a post-combustion stalker 2d, in the waste flow direction. The number of zones, the furnace length, and the furnace width depend on the incineration scale. Different. Also, the number of divided units is different. The grate temperature in each zone is different, and the grate cooling method (water cooling, air cooling) can be freely selected for each grate row.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged cross-sectional view of the stoker portion of FIG. The stoker unit shown in FIG. 2 employs a row-and-two-stage reciprocating motion system, keeping the gaps between the grate uniform and minimizing the blow-by and dropping of combustion air as much as possible. In addition, the fixed frames 5a and the movable frames 5b are alternately arranged to effectively transfer, invert and agitate the waste.
[0012]
The main parts of the present invention are the grate 5, water cooling block 6, and frame structure 7 shown in FIG. 2 (stoker side view) or FIG. 3 (grate side sectional view). Regardless of the movable grate receiving beam 7b and the fixed grate receiving beam 7a, the receiving beam is provided with a frame 7 for fixing the water cooling block 6. The water cooling block 6 is fixed to the frame 7 with bolts or the like, and includes a water cooling tube 8. As shown in FIG. 4, the water-cooled pipe has a supply pipe 8 a and a return pipe 8 b, and a supply branch pipe 9 a and a return branch pipe respectively connected to the water-cooling block 6 and the fixed frame 7. 9b is connected to each. The supply branch pipe 9a and the return branch pipe 9b are similarly piped regardless of the movable and fixed grate receiving beams, and are connected to the supply main pipe 10a and the return main pipe 10b along the stoker frame. Since the movable frame moves with a stroke of about 400 mm, each main pipe is connected to the external main pipe by a flexible joint.
[0013]
FIG. 4 shows a grate width sectional view of the cooling section. The grate 5 is paired with the water-cooled block 6 for each piece. The water-cooled block has a convex-concave shape 11 that matches the shape of a reinforcing rib that also serves as a cooling fin on the grate surface, and fits the grate 5 Can be integrated. The method of setting the grate to the receiving beams 7a and 7b and the water cooling block 6 is to insert the groove 12 at the rear of the grate into the flat steel 13 on the upper surface of the grate, and then slide it to the rear side of the grate, The convex part 14 is inserted into the lower part of the water cooling block. Of course, at this time, it is also necessary to match the concave and convex portion of the grate rib to the same position of the water cooling block. The final fixing of the grate is completed by inserting the spacer 15 into the gap formed by the flat bar 13 and the grate rear groove 12 on the grate receiving beam. The grate is positioned and fixed by this procedure. As described above, in the grate exchanging work, it is not necessary to attach or remove the water-cooled tube, and only the grate can be easily exchanged as in the conventional (air-cooled) grate.
[0014]
The fine gap 16 formed by the grate 5 and the water cooling block 6 can be coated and filled with mortar or the like having high thermal conductivity to further enhance the grate cooling effect.
As described above, the grate 5 and the water cooling block 6 are integrated, and the grate high temperature part can be effectively cooled.
On the other hand, the primary combustion air is supplied from the combustion air duct 18 to the in-furnace wind box 17, and the low temperature portion 19 of the grate 5, the stoker frames 5a and 5b, and the stoker parts (drive shaft 20, wheels 21, drive arm 22, etc.). It is cooled and discharged into the furnace through a slit provided between the grate.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, the following effects can be achieved by adopting the above-described configuration.
(1) The indirect water cooling via the water cooling block of the grate enables effective and safe cooling of the grate tip of the main combustion part, which is susceptible to burning (high temperature corrosion and wear), and the grate temperature is also reduced during high temperature incineration. It has a cooling structure that can be stably maintained at 400 ° C. or less and has a significantly higher cooling effect than conventional air cooling.
(2) From the combined use with air cooling and the grate 1 piece unit cooling structure, the range of the stoker can be limited and water cooling can be performed, and excessive cooling of the incinerator can be suppressed.
(3) By reducing the grate temperature, the thermal expansion of the grate is suppressed, the metal welding to the grate surface is also suppressed, and the grate is fixed securely, so the mechanical stability of the stoker is remarkably increased. Improved. As a result, the opportunity to shut down the furnace due to an accident can be significantly reduced.
[0016]
(4) Removal and attachment of water-cooled pipes are not necessary in the grate replacement operation, and the work load can be set to the same level as that in the conventional grate replacement.
(5) By disposing the water-cooled tube in a block separated from the grate, it is possible to provide a highly safe structure with respect to a water leak accident caused by wear or impact force directly received by the grate.
(6) The grate life can be designed to be set to about 50000 hours or more.
(7) As described above, a stoker-type incinerator combustion apparatus having a cooling structure that can cope with high-temperature incineration for the purpose of reducing dioxins could be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of a bottom portion of a stoker-type incinerator according to the present invention.
2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a combustion device portion of the stoker-type incinerator of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of the grate and the frame portion of FIG. 2;
4 is a cross-sectional view of a grate width of the cooling unit in FIG. 3;
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Stoker-type incinerator, 2: Stoker, 3: Intermediate partition, 5: Grate, 5a: Fixed frame, 5b: Movable frame, 6: Water cooling block, 7: Frame structure, 7a, 7b: Receiving beam, 8: Water-cooled pipe, 8a: supply pipe, 8b: return pipe, 9a: supply branch pipe, 9b: return branch pipe, 10a: supply main pipe, 10b: return main pipe, 11: uneven shape, 12: groove, 13: flat steel, 14 : Convex part, 15: spacer, 16: minute gap, 17: furnace bottom box, 18: combustion air duct, 19: low temperature part

Claims (8)

火格子とそれを支持する可動フレームと固定フレ−ムとを備えたストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置において、前記火格子の先端裏面部に水冷管を内蔵した火格子固定ブロツク兼用の鋳物製水冷ブロックを配し、外部供給手段より前記ブロックの水冷管に供給された冷却水を循環する手段を設けたことを特徴とするストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  A stove-powered incinerator combustion apparatus comprising a grate, a movable frame that supports the grate, and a fixed frame. A combustion apparatus for a stow type incinerator characterized in that a block is provided and means for circulating cooling water supplied from an external supply means to the water cooling pipe of the block is provided. 前記燃焼装置において、少なくとも一部の火格子には、火格子下部への空気供給手段により供給された一次燃焼空気が、火格子間に設けたスリットから炉内へ吐出する過程で、空気冷却するための手段を設けたことを特徴とする請求項1記載のストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  In the combustion apparatus, at least a part of the grate is cooled by air in a process in which the primary combustion air supplied by the air supply means to the lower part of the grate is discharged into the furnace from a slit provided between the grate 2. A combustion apparatus for stoker type incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising means for 前記火格子を冷却する水冷ブロックは、各火格子に対して冷却水供給管と戻り管とを設けたことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  The combustion apparatus for stoker type incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water cooling block for cooling the grate is provided with a cooling water supply pipe and a return pipe for each grate. 前記水冷ブロックは、火格子下面の断面形状に合わせて鋳造及び加工した形状としたことを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載のストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  The combustion apparatus for a stoker type incinerator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the water cooling block has a shape cast and processed in accordance with a cross-sectional shape of a grate lower surface. 前記火格子と水冷ブロックの間の間隙に、熱伝導率の高い充填材を塗布又は注入したことを特徴とする請求項4記載のストーカ式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  The combustion apparatus for a stoker type incinerator according to claim 4, wherein a filler having a high thermal conductivity is applied or injected into a gap between the grate and the water cooling block. 前記水冷ブロックに火格子をはめ込む構成は、該火格子と火格子受け梁の間に差し込む簡単なスペーサーにより行うように構成したことを特徴とする請求項4記載のストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  5. A combustion apparatus for a stow type incinerator according to claim 4, wherein the grate is inserted into the water cooling block by a simple spacer inserted between the grate and the grate receiving beam. . 前記水冷管に導入する冷却水を、水質管理するための手段を備えると共に、前記火格子温度が400℃以下となるように該冷却水を流量制御する機構を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜4ののいずれか1項記載のストー力式焼却炉用燃焼装置。  The cooling water to be introduced into the water-cooled pipe is provided with means for controlling the water quality, and has a mechanism for controlling the flow rate of the cooling water so that the grate temperature is 400 ° C. or lower. The combustion apparatus for stow power type incinerators of any one of -4. 火格子とそれを支持する可動フレームと固定フレ−ムとを備えたストー力式焼却炉用燃焼方法において、前記火格子の先端裏面部に水冷管を内蔵した火格子固定ブロツク兼用の鋳物製水冷ブロックを配し、該ブロックの水冷管に外部より冷却水を循環しながら供給し、火格子を冷却することを特徴とするストー力式焼却炉用燃焼方法。In a combustion method for a stow type incinerator having a grate, a movable frame supporting the grate, and a fixed frame, water cooling made of a casting that also serves as a grate fixed block having a water-cooled tube built into the back surface of the tip of the grate. A combustion method for a stow type incinerator characterized by disposing a block, supplying cooling water to the water cooling pipe of the block while circulating the cooling water, and cooling the grate.
JP2002280480A 2002-09-26 2002-09-26 Combustion apparatus and method for stoker type incinerator Expired - Lifetime JP3838639B2 (en)

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KR100635407B1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2006-10-19 한국과학기술연구원 Water-cooled grate
EP1996863A1 (en) * 2006-03-17 2008-12-03 Doikos Investments, Ltd. Liquid-cooled grill comprising wear plates
JP5871541B2 (en) * 2011-09-29 2016-03-01 荏原環境プラント株式会社 Stoker-type incinerator grate mounting structure and stoker-type incinerator
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