JP4603652B2 - The consolidation method of natural ground - Google Patents

The consolidation method of natural ground Download PDF

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JP4603652B2
JP4603652B2 JP2000047479A JP2000047479A JP4603652B2 JP 4603652 B2 JP4603652 B2 JP 4603652B2 JP 2000047479 A JP2000047479 A JP 2000047479A JP 2000047479 A JP2000047479 A JP 2000047479A JP 4603652 B2 JP4603652 B2 JP 4603652B2
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injection
pipe
injection tube
tunnel
natural ground
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JP2001234690A (en
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章夫 田中
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Bridgestone Corp
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Bridgestone Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、トンネル工事等の掘削に際して崩落のおそれがある軟弱な地山あるいはポーラスな状態にある地山を、セメントミルクや薬液等のグラウトを用いて掘削する地山を固結する方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
軟弱な地山やポーラスな状態の地山を掘削してトンネルを形成する場合には、通常の掘削工法では支保工を建込むまでに地山が崩落するおそれがあり、このため従来は掘削を行うに先立って地山にグラウトを浸透させることによって掘削を行う部分を予め固結、補強する、いわゆる注入工法が採用されている。
【0003】
この注入工法としては、例えば特開平11−182173号公報に開示の手法が知られている。すなわち、図1に示すように、トンネルの掘削切羽1の周辺部から地山2に対して、掘削方向Dの斜めトンネル外側に向けて、例えばドリルなどで穿った孔に注入管3を打ち込むことを、図1(b)に示すように、切羽1の周辺部に沿って間隔を置いた複数位置において行う。次いで、これら注入管3から、地山2内にグラウトを注入して、掘削外周部分の地山を固結するのである。
そして、固結した部分の掘削を進めたのち、再び上記の注入管3の打ち込みを行って、地山の固結を掘削方向に順次進めることによって、トンネルの掘削工事を安全に行うことができる。
【0004】
なお、グラウトの注入は、注入管の後端部からポンプ等の液体供給手段にて薬液などを圧送し、注入管先端部の開口より該薬液を吐出させて地山内に浸透させ、その後の薬液の化学反応にて地山を固結するものであり、これによって崩落しやすい地山を固結して補強する。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ここで、地山に打ち込んだ注入管は、その後端部が切羽内に露出し、次工程の掘削の障害になるため、注入管の打ち込みに先立ち、図2に示すように、最終的にトンネルとなる空間Tの外側に余分な空間Kを掘削して、次いでこの空間Kを介して注入管3の打ち込みを行って、注入管3の後端部がトンネル内に露出するのを回避する、いわゆる拡幅工法が採用されていた。
【0006】
しかし、この拡幅工法では、トンネルを掘削打面が大きくなると共に、空間Kをコンクリートなどにて塞ぐ作業が別途必要になり、施工および原材料に多大のコストを要することが問題であった。
【0007】
上記した特開平11−182173号公報に開示の技術では、注入管の後端側に樹脂製の注入管を用いて、切羽内に露出する管部分を樹脂にすることによって、この樹脂部分を地山とともに掘削する手法が、提案されている。この手法によって、上記した拡幅工事を不要とした、無拡幅工法が実現される。
【0008】
ところで、注入管3の打ち込みは、全ての注入管で等しい打ち込み角度で行われ、その際、図3に示すように、掘削方向Dに対する傾斜角度として定義される、注入管3の打ち込み角度αは10°前後であるのが通例である。
【0009】
すなわち、無拡幅工法において、上記打ち込み角度αが大きいと、注入管3の打ち込み開始点からトンネルとなる空間までに占める、取り除く注入管の後端部の長さを短くできる利点がある反面、切羽から注入管先端までの距離が長くなるため、切羽の近くまで固結が及ばない結果、掘削時に掘削天井面(以下、天端と示す)の崩落を生じ易い不利がある。
【0010】
一方、打ち込み角度αが小さいと、天端の崩落は回避できるが、注入管3の打ち込み開始点からトンネルとなる空間までに占める、注入管の後端部長が長くなり、取り除く注入管部分が長くなることが問題となる。
従って、これらの要因に鑑み、通常は打ち込み角度αを10°程度に設定している。
【0011】
しかしながら、全ての注入管を打ち込み角度α:10°程度で均等に打ち込んでいるため、拡幅工を伴う長尺先受工法と比較すると、同じ先受け長さでも鋼管と天端との距離が長くなり、この離れた部分をグラウトで改良することが難しい場合があり、また改良が可能であってもグラウト注入量を大幅に増加する必要があり、コストの増加をまねく不利がある。いずれにしても、鋼管と天端との間の部分の崩落を、防止する手だてが必要である。
【0012】
そこで、この発明は、掘削時に天端の崩落をまねくことのない、地山の固結を確実に行う新規な方途について、提案することを目的とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明の要旨構成は、次の通りである。
(1)トンネルの同一掘削切羽面で相互に離間した複数の位置から、トンネルの掘削方向に残る地山の掘削方向斜めトンネル外側に向けて、それぞれ注入管を打ち込み、これら注入管を介して地山内にグラウトを注入して、掘削外周部分の地山を固結するに当り、上記注入管として、その長手方向の少なくとも一か所に、該注入管を複数本に分断するための、全周に亘って延びる細溝からなる切り欠きを有する注入管を用いて、上記同一切羽面で相互に離間した複数の打ち込み位置の各々に注入管を打ち込むに際し、注入管の掘削方向に対するトンネル外側に向けた傾斜角度を、少なくとも2種の異なる角度に打ち込み、打ち込んだ前記注入管を介して地山内にグラウトを注入し、その後トンネル空間に露出する注入管の後端部分を上記切り欠きから取り除くことを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0014】
(2)上記(1)において、トンネル外側に向けた傾斜角度が2種であることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0015】
(3) 上記(1) または(2) において、注入管の掘削方向に対する傾斜角度が0〜45°であることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0016】
(4) 上記(1) 、(2) または(3) において、無拡幅工法によって注入管の打ち込みを行うことを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0018】
(5) 上記(1) ないし(4) のいずれかにおいて、注入管は、外周にねじ山を有するロックボルトからなることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0019】
(6) 上記(5) において、ロックボルトはその本体が中空パイプからなり、この中空パイプの先端に円錐形の頭部を有するコーンを備えた挿入管式のものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0020】
(7) 上記(5)において、ロックボルトはその本体が中空パイプからなり、この中空パイプの先端に掘削刃を有するビットを備えた自穿孔式のものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0021】
(8) 上記(1) ないし(7) のいずれかにおいて、注入管が周壁の内外に通じる貫通孔を複数有する筒体からなり、その内部に該貫通孔を通してグラウトを吐出、浸透させる少なくとも一本の吐出パイプを備えたものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。
【0022】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、図4を用いて、この発明の方法について詳しく説明する。この方法では、上記同一切羽面1で、相互に離間した複数の打ち込み位置の各々に、地山2に向けて、注入管3を打ち込むに際し、少なくとも2本の注入管3aおよび3bを、少なくとも2種の異なる打ち込み角度αで打ち込むことを特徴とする。
【0023】
すなわち、従来は、各打ち込み位置に1本の注入管3を、同一の打ち込み角度で打ち込んでいたのに対して、ここでは、各打ち込み位置に、少なくとも2本の注入管3aおよび3bのうち、各1本の注入管3aまたは3bを打ち込み角度αを相互に異ならせて打ち込むことによって、従来は不可能であった、極めて小さい打ち込み角度αでの注入管の打ち込みを実現するものである。
【0024】
このように、上記同一切羽1面で、相互に離間した複数の打ち込み位置の各々に、注入管3を打ち込むに際し、異なる打ち込み角度αで打ち込まれた注入管を配することによって、掘削方向のトンネル周囲の地山内に、図5に示すように、アーチ状に並ぶ注入管3aおよび3bの列を二重に設けることができる。従って、これら注入管3aおよび3bからのグラウトの注入による固結層も二重に、しかも切羽1の天端付近にまで形成することができ、掘削中の天端の崩壊は未然に防止される。
【0025】
具体的には、注入管の打ち込み角度を少なくとも2種に分ける例として、例えば図4に示した例では、注入管3aの打ち込み角度α1 を5°および注入管3bの打ち込み角度α2 を10°に選択設定した。
【0026】
例えば、打ち込み角度α2 が10°の場合、注入管3bの打ち込み位置より3m先で注入管3bの先端が掘削予定の天端より上(外)側に位置することになる。従って、天端からトンネル内に露出する注入管3b後端部分は3mになり、この3mの後端部分を取り除けばよい。一方、打ち込み角度α1 が5°の場合、注入管3aの打ち込み位置より6m先で注入管3aの先端が掘削予定の天端より上(外)側に位置することになる。従って、天端からトンネル内に露出する注入管3b後端部分は6mになり、この6mの後端部分を取り除けばよいことになる。従って、注入管用の鋼管が3mの管を単位としてジョイントした構造である場合、上記の打ち込み角度に設定することによって、注入管3aおよび3bに同じ注入管用鋼管を使用することができるのである。すなわち、注入管3aでは2単位分の6mを折って取り除き、一方注入管3bでは1単位分の3mを折って取り除けばよいのである。換言すると、使用する注入管用鋼管のジョイント構造に応じて、上記2種の打ち込み角度を選択設定することによって、注入管用鋼管の集約をはかることができるのである。
【0027】
さらに、上記の関係の下、注入管の打ち込み角度を0〜45°の範囲とすることが好ましい。なぜなら、打ち込み角度が45°超えでは、注入管の掘削方向に延ばすことができないため、掘削長さを長くすることが難しくなり、一方下限は、拡幅工法の場合は0°にすることも可能であるから、0°を含めることとした。なお、掘削長さが短い場合には、注入管の打ち込み角度を45°以上にしても構わない。
【0028】
なお、各打ち込み位置において、同一切羽面で相互に離間した複数の打ち込み位置の各々に注入管を打ち込むに際し、注入管の掘削方向に対するトンネル外側に向けた傾斜角度を、2種の異なる角度にて打ち込む手順は、通常の長尺先受工法の打設パターンと同じでよく、奇数孔と偶数孔とで打ち込み角度を変えればよい。
【0029】
ここで、以上の地山の固結方法においても、上述した無拡幅工法を採用することがコスト面で有利であり、そのためには、管長手方向の少なくとも一か所に、管を複数本に分断するための周方向に延びる切り欠きを有する、注入管を用いることによって、トンネル空間に露出する管後端側部分を、グラウト注入後に取り除く必要がある。
【0030】
すなわち、図6に示す注入管3は、注入管本体31の長手方向に離間した2個所に、切り欠き32を設けた例であり、その要部を拡大したものを図7に示す。この図6および7に示した注入管における切り欠き32は、注入管本体31の周りでその肉厚を薄くするV字状の断面になる細溝を例としたものであり、このような切り欠き32を注入管に予め設けておくことにより、注入管をその途中で分断することができる。例えば、図8に示すように、注入管本体31を分断用の工具で折り曲げる向きに力を加えるのみで比較的簡単に注入管を切り離すことが可能で、地山の固結、補強に使用した注入管がその掘削過程で露出しても効率よく露出部分を取り除くことができる。
この切り欠き32は、注入管の長さや材質(強度)によっても異なるが、例えば注入管本体31の長手方向に沿い例えば1000mm間隔で設けることができる。
【0031】
また、いわゆるフォアポーリング工法に適用して好適な注入管として、外周にねじ山33を有するロックボルト(中空パイプ)を使用し、その先端に円錐形の頭部34を有するコーンを備えた挿入管式の例(地山に形成した長尺の孔へのスムーズな挿入が可能なタイプ)を図9に、また、同じくフォアポーリング工法に適用して好適な注入管として、外周にねじ山3を有するロックボルトを使用し、その先端に掘削刃を設けたビット5を有する自穿孔式の例を図10に示す。
【0032】
上掲図9、図10に示した注入管は図11にその要部を拡大して示す如く何れのものにおいても、切り欠き32をその長手方向に沿い所望の間隔をおいて複数箇所設けることができ、かかる注入管として例えば、ねじ山33を含むその外径を28. 5mm、ねじ山3を差し引いた径を24. 5mm、内径を10mmになる鋼製のロックボルトを使用した場合、切り欠き32の溝幅tは2mm程度に、溝深さhは1mm程度に設定するとよい。
【0033】
図12(a)(b)は、先端先受工法に適用して好適な注入管の例を示したものであって、図において36は注入管の本体を構成する筒体であり、この筒体36はその周壁の内外に通じる複数の貫通孔36aを有し、その内部には、該貫通孔36aを通してグラウトを吐出、浸透させる吐出パイプ37が配置される。また、38は筒体36を分断する切り欠きであって、この例では細溝を凹断面からなるものとして示してある。筒体36として例えば、鋼管 (外径が114. 3mm、101. 6mmになるJIS STK400の鋼管) を使用した場合、切り欠き38の配置間隔Lは1000mm程度に、溝幅tは2mm程度に、また、溝深さhは1mm程度に設定するとよい。
【0034】
また、注入管はFRP製や鋼管製あるいは塩化ビニール製のものを適用することが可能であり、とくに材質に関しては限定されるものではないが、注入管をその途中から迅速に分断するには鋼管からなるものがとくに好ましい。節としての細溝は本発明においてはV字状の断面を有するものの他、凹状断面になるものを例として示したが、細溝の断面形状はこれにのみ限定されるものではなく、使用する素材やサイズ等によって適宜に変更できる。 また、溝幅や深さについても使用する素材やサイズ等に応じて変更される。
【0035】
以上、注入管を分断するために注入管の肉厚を薄くする細溝の切り欠きを設けた場合を例にして説明したが、例えば、連結部分で地山に挿入するに足る十分な強度が確保できるならば図13に示すような一定の長さになる中空管Tを複数本用意しその一端にテーパーを有するおねじt1 を、もう一端にはおなじテーパーになるめねじt2 をそれぞれ形成し、これらの中空管Tを図14に示すようにそれぞれ連結して注入管とすることも可能であり、この場合、ねじによる連結部が切り欠きの働きをすることになり、この部位にて注入管に曲げ力を加えることによって細溝よりなる切り欠きと同様、注入管を簡便に分断することができる。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、崩落しやすい軟弱な地山等のグラウトによる固結、補強を確実に行うことによって、特に掘削中の切羽天端付近からの崩落を回避することができるから、トンネル工事等における掘削作業を効率的に行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】従来の注入管の打ち込み要領を示した図である。
【図2】拡幅工法を説明する図である。
【図3】注入管の打ち込み角度を説明する図である。
【図4】この発明の注入管の打ち込み要領を示した図である。
【図5】この発明の注入管の打ち込み要領を示した図である。
【図6】この発明に従う注入管の構成を示した図である。
【図7】図6の要部を拡大して示した図である。
【図8】注入管の分断状況を示した図である。
【図9】挿入式注入管の外観を示した図である。
【図10】自穿孔式注入管の外観を示した図である。
【図11】図9、図10に示した注入管の要部を拡大して示した図である。
【図12】(a)(b)は先端先受工法に使用して好適な筒体とその要部を示した図である。
【図13】一端にテーパーを有するおねじを有し、他端にそのおねじに適合するテーパー付きのめねじを有する中空管を示した図である。
【図14】図13に示した中空管にて注入管を構成した例を示した図である。
【符号の説明】
1 切羽
2 地山
3 注入管
31 注入管本体
32 切り欠き
33 ねじ山
34 円錐形の頭部
35 ビット
36 筒体
37 吐出管
38 切り欠き
T 中空管
1 おねじ
2 めねじ
t 溝幅
h 溝深さ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for consolidating a soft ground that is likely to collapse during excavation, such as tunnel construction, or a natural ground that is in a porous state using a grout such as cement milk or a chemical solution. It is.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When excavating soft ground or porous ground to form a tunnel, the normal excavation method may cause the ground to collapse before the support work is built. A so-called injection method is adopted in which a portion to be excavated is consolidated and reinforced in advance by infiltrating the grout into the natural ground prior to performing.
[0003]
As this injection method, for example, a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-182173 is known. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the injection tube 3 is driven into a hole drilled by, for example, a drill from the periphery of the tunnel excavation face 1 toward the ground 2 toward the outside of the oblique tunnel in the excavation direction D. 1 is performed at a plurality of positions spaced along the periphery of the face 1 as shown in FIG. Next, grout is injected into the natural ground 2 from these injection pipes 3 to consolidate the natural ground at the outer peripheral portion of the excavation.
Then, after excavating the solidified portion, the above-described injection pipe 3 is driven again, and the consolidation of the natural ground is sequentially advanced in the excavation direction, so that the tunnel excavation work can be performed safely. .
[0004]
In addition, the grout is injected from the rear end portion of the injection tube with a liquid supply means such as a pump, and the liquid solution is discharged from the opening at the front end portion of the injection tube so as to penetrate into the natural ground. The natural ground is consolidated by this chemical reaction, and the natural ground that tends to collapse is consolidated and reinforced.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Here, since the rear end portion of the injection pipe driven into the natural ground is exposed in the face and becomes an obstacle to excavation in the next process, as shown in FIG. Excessive space K is excavated outside the space T, and then the injection tube 3 is driven through the space K to avoid the rear end portion of the injection tube 3 being exposed in the tunnel. A so-called widening method was employed.
[0006]
However, this widening method has a problem that the excavation striking surface of the tunnel becomes large and a work for closing the space K with concrete or the like is separately required, and that construction and raw materials are costly.
[0007]
In the technique disclosed in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-182173, a resin injection pipe is used on the rear end side of the injection pipe, and the pipe portion exposed in the face is made of resin, so that the resin portion is grounded. Techniques have been proposed for drilling with mountains. By this method, a non-widening method that does not require the above widening work is realized.
[0008]
By the way, the injection tube 3 is driven at an equal drive angle in all the injection tubes. At this time, as shown in FIG. 3, the injection angle α of the injection tube 3 defined as an inclination angle with respect to the excavation direction D is Usually, it is around 10 °.
[0009]
That is, in the non-widening method, when the driving angle α is large, there is an advantage that the length of the rear end portion of the injection pipe to be removed, which occupies from the injection start point of the injection pipe 3 to the space serving as the tunnel, can be shortened. Since the distance from the injection pipe to the tip of the injection pipe is increased, the caulking does not reach to the vicinity of the face, and as a result, the excavation ceiling surface (hereinafter referred to as the top end) tends to collapse during excavation.
[0010]
On the other hand, if the driving angle α is small, the top end can be prevented from collapsing, but the length of the rear end of the injection tube that extends from the injection start point of the injection tube 3 to the space that becomes the tunnel becomes longer, and the portion of the injection tube to be removed becomes longer. It becomes a problem.
Therefore, in view of these factors, the driving angle α is normally set to about 10 °.
[0011]
However, since all the injection pipes are driven evenly at a driving angle α of about 10 °, the distance between the steel pipe and the top end is long even with the same tip receiving length compared to the long tip receiving method with widening. Therefore, it may be difficult to improve this distant portion with grout, and even if improvement is possible, it is necessary to greatly increase the amount of grout injection, which is disadvantageous to increase costs. In any case, it is necessary to prevent the collapse of the portion between the steel pipe and the top end.
[0012]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a new method for reliably solidifying a natural ground without causing a collapse of the top end during excavation.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The gist configuration of the present invention is as follows.
(1) MAP from a plurality of positions spaced from each other in the same excavation working face surface of the tunnel, toward the direction of drilling obliquely tunnel outside the natural ground remaining in drilling direction of the tunnel, driving each injection tube, through which the injection tube Injecting grout into the mountain and consolidating the natural ground at the outer periphery of the excavation, the entire circumference of the injection pipe is divided into a plurality of injection pipes in at least one place in the longitudinal direction. using an infusion tube having a cutout consists of narrow grooves extending across the, upon driving the injection pipe to each of the plurality of affixing positions spaced from each other in the same working face surface, towards the tunnel outwardly against drilling direction of the injection tube and the inclination angle, driving in at least two different angles, implanting it said injection tube to inject grout into earth Yamauchi through, then the cutting the trailing end portion of the injection pipe exposed into the tunnel space Consolidation methods natural ground, characterized in that removal from the gas.
[0014]
(2) In the above (1), there are two kinds of inclination angles toward the outside of the tunnel .
[0015]
(3) In the above (1) or (2), the ground consolidation method characterized in that the inclination angle of the injection pipe with respect to the excavation direction is 0 to 45 °.
[0016]
(4) In the above (1), (2) or (3), a method for consolidating natural ground characterized in that the injection pipe is driven by a non-widening method.
[0018]
(5) In any one of the above (1) to (4) , the injection pipe is composed of a rock bolt having a screw thread on the outer periphery, and a solid mountain consolidation method is characterized.
[0019]
(6) In the above (5) , the lock bolt is of an insertion tube type in which the main body is made of a hollow pipe and the cone has a conical head at the tip of the hollow pipe. How to consolidate the mountains.
[0020]
(7) In the above (5), the rock bolt is a self-drilling type body having a hollow pipe body and a bit having a drilling blade at the end of the hollow pipe. Conclusion method.
[0021]
(8) In any one of the above (1) to (7) , the injection tube is composed of a cylindrical body having a plurality of through-holes communicating with the inside and outside of the peripheral wall, and at least one for discharging and infiltrating grout through the through-holes therein A natural ground consolidation method, characterized by comprising a discharge pipe.
[0022]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Next, the method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. In this method, when the injection tube 3 is driven toward the natural ground 2 at each of a plurality of driving positions spaced apart from each other on the same face 1, at least two injection tubes 3 a and 3 b are provided at least 2. It is characterized by driving at different driving angles α.
[0023]
That is, conventionally, the injection tube 3 one on each driving position, whereas had implanted at the same implantation angle, here, in each driving position, the at least two injection tubes 3a and 3b By implanting each one injection tube 3a or 3b with a different implantation angle α, it is possible to realize implantation of the injection tube with an extremely small implantation angle α, which has been impossible in the past.
[0024]
In this way, when the injection pipe 3 is driven into each of a plurality of driving positions spaced apart from each other on the same face face, a tunnel in the excavation direction is provided by arranging the injection pipes driven at different driving angles α. In the surrounding natural ground, as shown in FIG. 5, the row | line | column of the injection | pouring pipe | tubes 3a and 3b arranged in an arch shape can be provided double. Accordingly, a consolidated layer formed by injecting grout from these injection pipes 3a and 3b can also be formed double and close to the top end of the face 1 and the collapse of the top end during excavation can be prevented. .
[0025]
Specifically, as an example in which the injection angle of the injection tube is divided into at least two types, for example, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the injection angle α1 of the injection tube 3a is 5 ° and the injection angle α2 of the injection tube 3b is 10 °. Selected and set.
[0026]
For example, when the driving angle α 2 is 10 °, the tip of the injection tube 3b is located above (outside) the upper end of the excavation planned 3 m ahead of the injection position of the injection tube 3b. Accordingly, the rear end portion of the injection tube 3b exposed from the top end into the tunnel is 3 m, and the rear end portion of this 3 m may be removed. On the other hand, when the driving angle α 1 is 5 °, the tip of the injection pipe 3a is positioned on the upper (outside) side of the top end of the excavation planned 6 m ahead of the injection position of the injection pipe 3a. Therefore, the rear end portion of the injection tube 3b exposed from the top end into the tunnel is 6 m, and the rear end portion of this 6 m may be removed. Therefore, when the steel pipe for injection pipes has a structure in which a 3 m pipe is used as a unit, the same steel pipe for injection pipes can be used for the injection pipes 3a and 3b by setting the driving angle. That is, 6 m for 2 units is folded and removed in the injection tube 3a, while 3 m for 1 unit is folded and removed in the injection tube 3b. In other words, the steel pipes for injection pipes can be consolidated by selecting and setting the two types of driving angles according to the joint structure of the steel pipes for injection pipes to be used.
[0027]
Furthermore, it is preferable to set the injection angle of the injection tube in the range of 0 to 45 ° under the above relationship. This is because if the driving angle exceeds 45 °, it cannot be extended in the excavation direction of the injection pipe, so it becomes difficult to increase the excavation length, while the lower limit can be set to 0 ° in the case of the widening method. Therefore, 0 ° was included. When the excavation length is short, the injection tube driving angle may be 45 ° or more.
[0028]
At each driving position, when the injection tube is driven into each of a plurality of driving positions spaced apart from each other on the same face, the inclination angle toward the outside of the tunnel with respect to the excavation direction of the injection pipe is set at two different angles. The driving procedure may be the same as the driving pattern of the normal long tip receiving method, and the driving angle may be changed between odd holes and even holes.
[0029]
Here, also in the above-mentioned consolidation method of the natural ground, it is advantageous in terms of cost to adopt the above-mentioned non-widening method, and for that purpose, at least one tube in the longitudinal direction of the tube is provided with a plurality of tubes. By using an injection pipe having a circumferentially extending cutout for dividing, it is necessary to remove the rear end portion of the pipe exposed to the tunnel space after the grouting.
[0030]
That is, the injection tube 3 shown in FIG. 6 is an example in which cutouts 32 are provided at two positions spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the injection tube main body 31, and an enlarged main part thereof is shown in FIG. 7. The notch 32 in the injection tube shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 is an example of a narrow groove having a V-shaped cross section around the injection tube main body 31 to reduce its thickness. By providing the notch 32 in the injection tube in advance, the injection tube can be divided on the way. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the injection tube can be separated relatively simply by applying force in the direction of bending the injection tube body 31 with a cutting tool, and used for consolidation and reinforcement of natural ground. Even if the injection pipe is exposed during the excavation process, the exposed portion can be efficiently removed.
For example, the notches 32 can be provided at intervals of, for example, 1000 mm along the longitudinal direction of the injection tube body 31, although it varies depending on the length and material (strength) of the injection tube.
[0031]
Further, as an injection tube suitable for application to the so-called fore-polling method, an insertion tube including a lock bolt (hollow pipe) having a thread 33 on the outer periphery and a cone having a conical head 34 at the tip thereof is used. Fig. 9 shows an example of a formula (a type that can be smoothly inserted into a long hole formed in a natural ground), and a thread 3 on the outer periphery as a suitable injection pipe that is also applied to the fore-polling method. FIG. 10 shows an example of a self-drilling type having a bit 5 having a rock bolt having a drilling blade at its tip.
[0032]
The injection tube shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is provided with a plurality of notches 32 at desired intervals along the longitudinal direction of any of the injection tubes shown in FIG. For example, when a steel lock bolt having an outer diameter of 28.5 mm including the thread 33, a diameter of 24.5 mm minus the thread 3 and an inner diameter of 10 mm is used as the injection pipe, The groove width t of the notch 32 is preferably set to about 2 mm and the groove depth h is set to about 1 mm.
[0033]
12 (a) and 12 (b) show an example of an injection tube suitable for application to the tip receiving method. In the figure, reference numeral 36 denotes a cylindrical body constituting the main body of the injection pipe. The body 36 has a plurality of through holes 36a that communicate with the inside and outside of the peripheral wall, and a discharge pipe 37 that discharges and permeates the grout through the through holes 36a is disposed therein. Reference numeral 38 denotes a notch for dividing the cylindrical body 36. In this example, the narrow groove is shown as having a concave cross section. For example, when a steel pipe (JIS STK400 steel pipe having an outer diameter of 114.3 mm and 101.6 mm) is used as the cylindrical body 36, the arrangement interval L of the notches 38 is about 1000 mm, and the groove width t is about 2 mm. Further, the groove depth h is preferably set to about 1 mm.
[0034]
In addition, the injection pipe can be made of FRP, steel pipe or vinyl chloride, and the material is not particularly limited, but the steel pipe is used to quickly divide the injection pipe from its middle. Those consisting of are particularly preferred. In the present invention, a narrow groove as a node has a V-shaped cross section, and a concave cross section is shown as an example. However, the cross sectional shape of the narrow groove is not limited to this and is used. It can be changed as appropriate depending on the material and size. The groove width and depth are also changed according to the material and size used.
[0035]
As described above, the case where the notch of the narrow groove for reducing the thickness of the injection tube is provided to divide the injection tube has been described as an example, but for example, there is sufficient strength to be inserted into the natural ground at the connecting portion. If it can be secured, a plurality of hollow tubes T having a certain length as shown in FIG. 13 are prepared, and a male screw t 1 having a taper at one end and a female screw t 2 having the same taper at the other end are provided. Each of these hollow tubes T can be formed and connected to each other as shown in FIG. 14 to form an injection tube. In this case, the connecting portion by the screw functions as a notch, By applying a bending force to the injection tube at the site, the injection tube can be easily divided in the same manner as a notch made of a narrow groove.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to avoid collapsing particularly from the vicinity of the top of the face during excavation by reliably performing consolidation and reinforcement with a grout such as a soft ground that is prone to collapse. The excavation work in can be performed efficiently.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional injection tube driving procedure.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a widening method.
FIG. 3 is a view for explaining an injection tube driving angle.
FIG. 4 is a view showing a procedure for driving an injection tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a view showing a procedure for driving an injection tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a view showing a configuration of an injection tube according to the present invention.
7 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.
FIG. 8 is a view showing a dividing state of an injection tube.
FIG. 9 is a view showing the appearance of an insertion type injection tube.
FIG. 10 is a view showing the appearance of a self-piercing injection tube.
11 is an enlarged view of a main part of the injection tube shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG.
FIGS. 12A and 12B are views showing a cylindrical body suitable for use in a tip end receiving method and its main part.
FIG. 13 is a view showing a hollow tube having a male screw having a taper at one end and a tapered female screw fitted to the male screw at the other end.
14 is a view showing an example in which an injection tube is constituted by the hollow tube shown in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Face 2 Ground 3 Injection pipe 31 Injection pipe main body 32 Notch 33 Screw thread 34 Conical head 35 Bit 36 Tube 37 Discharge pipe 38 Notch T Hollow pipe t 1 Male thread t 2 Female thread t Groove width h Groove depth

Claims (8)

トンネルの同一掘削切羽面で相互に離間した複数の位置から、トンネルの掘削方向に残る地山の掘削方向斜めトンネル外側に向けて、それぞれ注入管を打ち込み、これら注入管を介して地山内にグラウトを注入して、掘削外周部分の地山を固結するに当り、上記注入管として、その長手方向の少なくとも一か所に、該注入管を複数本に分断するための、全周に亘って延びる細溝からなる切り欠きを有する注入管を用いて、上記同一切羽面で相互に離間した複数の打ち込み位置の各々に注入管を打ち込むに際し、注入管の掘削方向に対するトンネル外側に向けた傾斜角度を、少なくとも2種の異なる角度に打ち込み、打ち込んだ前記注入管を介して地山内にグラウトを注入し、その後トンネル空間に露出する注入管の後端部分を上記切り欠きから取り除くことを特徴とする地山の固結方法。From a plurality of positions spaced from each other in the same excavation working face surface of the tunnel, toward the direction of drilling obliquely tunnel outside the natural ground remaining in drilling direction of the tunnel, driving each injection tube, grout earth Yamauchi through these injection tubes In order to consolidate the natural ground of the outer peripheral part of the excavation, as the above-mentioned injection pipe, at least at one place in the longitudinal direction thereof, the injection pipe is divided into a plurality of pipes over the entire circumference. using an infusion tube having a notch consisting extending narrow groove, the inclination angle toward the tunnel outside for upon drilling direction of the injection tube implanting each injection tube of the plurality of affixing positions spaced from each other in the same working face surface and driving the at least two different angles, grout is injected into the earth Yamauchi through the injection tube implanted, then either the rear end portion of the injection pipe exposed into the tunnel space the notch Consolidation methods natural ground, characterized in that removal. 請求項1において、トンネル外側に向けた傾斜角度が2種であることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。 2. The method for consolidating natural ground according to claim 1, wherein there are two kinds of inclination angles toward the outside of the tunnel . 請求項1または2において、注入管の掘削方向に対する傾斜角度が0〜45°であることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。 3. The ground consolidation method according to claim 1, wherein an inclination angle of the injection pipe with respect to the excavation direction is 0 to 45 degrees. 請求項1、2または3において、無拡幅工法によって注入管の打ち込みを行うことを特徴とする地山の固結方法。 4. The ground consolidation method according to claim 1, wherein the injection pipe is driven by a non-widening method. 請求項1ないしのいずれかにおいて、注入管は、外周にねじ山を有するロックボルトからなることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。In any one of claims 1 to 4, injection tubes, caking method natural ground, characterized in that it consists of rock bolt having a threaded outer peripheral. 請求項において、ロックボルトはその本体が中空パイプからなり、この中空パイプの先端に円錐形の頭部を有するコーンを備えた挿入管式のものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。6. The solid rock consolidation according to claim 5, wherein the lock bolt is of an insertion tube type in which a main body is formed of a hollow pipe and a cone having a conical head at a tip of the hollow pipe. Method. 請求項5において、ロックボルトはその本体が中空パイプからなり、この中空パイプの先端に掘削刃を有するビットを備えた自穿孔式のものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。 6. The natural rock consolidation method according to claim 5, wherein the main body of the lock bolt is a hollow pipe and a bit having a drilling blade is provided at the tip of the hollow pipe. 請求項1ないしのいずれかにおいて、注入管が周壁の内外に通じる貫通孔を複数有する筒体からなり、その内部に該貫通孔を通してグラウトを吐出、浸透させる少なくとも一本の吐出パイプを備えたものであることを特徴とする地山の固結方法。In any one of claims 1 to 7, the injection tube is made of cylindrical body having a plurality of through-hole communicating inside and outside of the peripheral wall, the discharge grout through said through hole therein, with at least one discharge pipe to penetrate A method for consolidation of natural ground characterized by being a thing.
JP2000047479A 2000-02-24 2000-02-24 The consolidation method of natural ground Expired - Fee Related JP4603652B2 (en)

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JP2003176530A (en) * 2001-12-11 2003-06-24 Tokai Rubber Ind Ltd Chemical solution injection device and natural ground reinforcing construction method using the same
JP3882118B2 (en) * 2002-12-05 2007-02-14 鹿島建設株式会社 Steel pipe for ground reinforcement and tunnel excavation method using the same
JP4761161B2 (en) * 2007-02-15 2011-08-31 清水建設株式会社 Grouting method
KR100847352B1 (en) 2007-05-11 2008-07-21 (주)지중공영 Supporting tube assembly for tunnel supporting method with grouted steel pipe in the borehole and supporting method of using thereof
KR101110274B1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2012-02-15 신영기술개발(주) Calking assembly for recycling and tunnel reinforcement method using it
JP6009880B2 (en) * 2012-09-20 2016-10-19 株式会社カテックス Long steel pipe tip receiving method
JP2015143556A (en) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 大成建設株式会社 Pipe joint structure
ZA201608231B (en) * 2016-11-28 2019-01-30 Orica Mining Services South Africa Pty Ltd Coupled self-drilling rock bolt
JP6875751B2 (en) * 2019-08-06 2021-05-26 株式会社トーキンオール Ground reinforcement steel pipe and ground reinforcement method using this
CN110424971A (en) * 2019-08-20 2019-11-08 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 The method for handling jacked piles with small section landslide
CN112282798B (en) * 2020-12-03 2023-03-14 广州轨道交通建设监理有限公司 Tunnel surrounding rock advanced horizontal water-stopping grouting construction method

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