JP4598529B2 - 改質及び水素精製装置 - Google Patents
改質及び水素精製装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims description 132
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 132
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 109
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 119
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/501—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by diffusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
- C01B2203/041—In-situ membrane purification during hydrogen production
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Description
本発明のその他の種々の目的、特徴及び利点は、図面と共になされる以下の説明から明らかとなるであろう。
以下においてラフィネートと称される遊離されなかった水素を含む残留燃料及び反応副産物は、ライン8を介して触媒が充填されたチャンバ7から抜き取られる。ラフィネートは次いで熱交換器9内に入って来る供給原料に熱を伝え、その後に、供給原料背圧レギュレータ10内を通過する。ラフィネートは、レギュレータ10を通過する際に減圧され、ライン83を介して燃焼器分配器21へ移動する。
供給原料ライン60はヘッダー46aに対して密封された関係で固定されている。燃料ライン60は、触媒が充填されたチャンバ7内へと内方へ延びており且つ触媒50内を通ってチャンバの内側端部へと延びている。ライン60の内側端部は、端部壁46の近くで終端していて適当な圧力によって水素リッチ供給原料を触媒が充填されたチャンバ7の閉塞端部内へ給送し、供給原料を触媒50内を軸線方向にヘッダー46aに向かって移動させる。本発明の範囲に含まれる代替的な構造(図示せず)は、供給原料給送管60及びラフィネート出口管63とを使用しており、ラフィネート出口管63は、触媒床7の長さ方向に延びており、管は端部が閉じられており且つ穴が開けられていて、触媒床の軸線方向長さに沿って下方に流れるのではなく穴が開けられた管同士の間を流れるようになされている。当業者に明らかである圧力容器内の他の構造も同様に装備することができる。
図10及び11は、流入して来る供給空気を加熱するための熱回復装置の一つの好ましい構造を明確に示すために拡大されたプレート96を備えた熱伝導プレートアセンブリの拡大図である。多プレートアセンブリ30は、熱絶縁及び流体閉塞壁ガスケット部材97によって分離されている複数の熱伝導プレート96を含んでいる。熱絶縁及び流体閉塞壁ガスケット部材97は、プレート96が流入して来る空気及び出て行く煙道ガスの領域を通過し且つ広がるのを許容しつつ流入して来る空気の出て行く煙道ガスからの分離を維持する。プレート96は、良好な熱伝導材料である銅、アルミニウム又はその他の材料のような適切な金属の同様のプレートとして形成しても良い。図示されているダイヤモンド形状の穴96又はその他のあらゆる形状の穴を該金属プレート内に形成しても良い。これらの穴は、同じ形状又は大きさを有する必要はなく、必ずしも相互に整合された隣接するプレート内の穴である必要もない。これらのプレート内の穴の大きさ及び間隔は、各々のガス流内で最少の圧力低下によって空気及び煙道ガスが容易に通過するのを許容するのに十分な大きさとされている。これらの穴はまた、プレートへ及びプレートから熱を伝達するための大きな表面積をも許容する。
Claims (10)
- 水素リッチ供給原料から水素を分離し且つ精製するための改質器であって、
水素を製造するために直線軸線に沿って設けられた触媒床を有している直線状の金属製圧力容器であって、該容器は改質されるべき加圧された燃料を前記触媒床及び改質ガス出口へと導くように構成され且つ供給原料入口が配列されている圧力容器と、
前記触媒床の下流に配置されており且つ改質されたガスを受け取り且つ改質されたガスを水素とラフィネートとに分離するように作動する水素選択性膜と、
前記圧力容器の上流に配置され且つ前記直線状の金属製圧力容器の軸線に対してほぼ直角な経路で前記触媒床を通って加熱された流体の流れを直接排出する加熱ユニットであって、前記加熱された流体の流れは前記触媒床の長さにほぼ対応する長さを有している前記加熱ユニットと、を含む改質器。 - 請求項1に記載の改質器であって、
前記水素選択性部材は前記直線軸線に沿って前記圧力容器の中心に取り付けられた管形状膜であり、前記膜と前記触媒床との間には、前記膜に対する前記触媒床の結合を防止する保護部材が設けられている、改質器。 - 請求項2に記載の改質器であって、
前記圧力容器が互いに対向する端部を有しており、一方の端部が閉じており、他方の端部が開いており、前記水素選択性膜と前記保護部材との両方が、密封状態で前記容器の前記他端に解放可能に固定されたヘッダープレートに取り付けられており、入口供給原料、ラフィネート出口及び精製水素の全てが前記ヘッダープレートを通過し、前記水素選択性膜と前記保護部材とが交換のためのユニットとして前記圧力容器から取り外すことができる、改質器。 - 請求項3に記載の改質器であって、
前記選択性膜と連通している水素出口ラインを更に含んでおり、前記供給原料内の前記水素リッチな燃料を予め加熱するために前記水素出口ラインと前記ラフィネート出口との両方に向流状態で結合されている、改質器。 - 請求項1に記載の改質器であって、
前記容器に固定され且つ該容器から外方へ突出している一連の互いに隔置されたフィンを含んでおり、該フィンは前記触媒床の加熱のために前記容器に前記加熱された流体の流れからの熱を伝達するように熱伝導性である、改質器。 - 請求項5に記載の改質器であって、
前記フィン同士は前記触媒床内に均一な熱流束を生成するために前記容器の長さに亘って均一に隔てられている、改質器。 - 請求項1に記載の改質器であって、
前記ラフィネートを減圧するためのラフィネート圧力制御手段と、該減圧されたラフィネートを前記加熱ユニットに供給されつつある空気内に分散させるために前記減圧されたラフィネートの下流に配置された分散部材とを更に含んでおり、
前記分散部材が、前記分配されたラフィネート/空気混合物が前記供給原料入口において比較的リッチであり、前記ラフィネート/空気混合物が前記改質ガス出口において比較的リーンであり、それによって、前記改質ガス出口の近くの前記触媒床と比較して前記供給原料入口の近くの触媒床に単位面積当たりより多くの熱流束をもたらすように配置された1以上の多孔質部材を含んでいる、改質器。 - 請求項1に記載の改質器であって、
前記圧力容器がハウジング内に取り付けられており、該ハウジングは、該ハウジングを、前記圧力容器の上流に配置された前記加熱ユニットに空気を供給するために垂直壁の一方の側に空気入口チャンバを含んでいる空気入口通路と、前記加熱ユニットからの排出ガスを前記圧力容器の下流に排出するために前記壁の反対側に排出チャンバを含んでいる排気通路とに分割する前記垂直壁を含んでおり、
前記加熱ユニットへの入口空気供給を加熱するための向流排気熱回復装置を含み、該熱回復装置は、熱伝導性材料によって作られた複数の熱伝導プレートであって、各々が、前記垂直壁上に横方向に取り付けられ且つ前記入口と排出通路とを横切って延びており且つ前記プレートを通る本質的に自由な空気の流れと排出ガスの流れとを許容するために複数の分布せしめられた穴を含んでいる前記複数の熱伝導プレートと、前記プレートと前記垂直壁との間に設けられて排出ガス流と入口ガス流との混合を防止し、それによって前記プレートが前記排出煙道ガス流から前記入口空気供給まで熱が流れるのを促進する密封手段と、を含む改質器。 - 請求項8に記載の改質器であって、
前記プレートの各々が、前記入口空気供給と前記排出煙道ガスとの流れに直角な面内に配置されている、改質器。 - 請求項1に記載の改質器であって、
前記加熱ユニットによって生成された加熱された流体の流れによって改質されるべき水素リッチな燃料を予め加熱するための第1の熱交換器手段と、
前記圧力容器から出て行く水素とラフィネートとによって改質されるように前記水素リッチな燃料を予め加熱するための第2の熱交換器手段であって、前記第1の熱交換器手段の上流に配置されている前記第2の熱交換器手段と、
前記加熱ユニットによって生成された前記加熱された流体の流れによって前記加熱ユニットに提供される空気を予め加熱するための第3の熱交換器手段であって、前記第1の熱交換器手段の下流に配置されている第3の熱交換器手段と、を含む改質器。
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US10/263,949 US7341609B2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2002-10-03 | Reforming and hydrogen purification system |
PCT/US2003/031487 WO2004031073A2 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2003-10-03 | Reforming and hydrogen purification system |
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JP2006502070A JP2006502070A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
JP4598529B2 true JP4598529B2 (ja) | 2010-12-15 |
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EP (1) | EP1546031A2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4598529B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100411972C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2003282674A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0314535A (ja) |
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- 2003-10-03 CN CNB2003801047927A patent/CN100411972C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US20040065013A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
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EP1546031A2 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
WO2004031073A3 (en) | 2004-08-05 |
CA2501137A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
US20080134577A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 |
JP2006502070A (ja) | 2006-01-19 |
US7341609B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
BR0314535A (pt) | 2005-08-02 |
CN1720194A (zh) | 2006-01-11 |
CN100411972C (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
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