JP4372864B2 - Transfer sheet and method for producing cosmetic material using the same - Google Patents

Transfer sheet and method for producing cosmetic material using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4372864B2
JP4372864B2 JP27682498A JP27682498A JP4372864B2 JP 4372864 B2 JP4372864 B2 JP 4372864B2 JP 27682498 A JP27682498 A JP 27682498A JP 27682498 A JP27682498 A JP 27682498A JP 4372864 B2 JP4372864 B2 JP 4372864B2
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transfer
layer
transfer sheet
sheet
uneven
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JP2000103198A (en
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浩久 吉川
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Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、住宅の外装及び内装材、家具、家電製品等に用いる凹凸装飾面を有する化粧材等の転写製品を製造する為の転写シートと、それを用いた化粧材の製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、被転写面が三次元的な凹凸形状からなる凹凸表面を有する化粧材を、転写法で製造するには、次の様な転写シートを用いる方法があった。
【0003】
▲1▼通常は、支持体シートに樹脂シートの単一層を用いた転写シートが一般的である。樹脂シートには熱可塑性樹脂を使用し、加熱し軟化させて、転写圧で転写シートが凹凸基材の表面凹凸形状に沿って追従して成形できる様にするものである。そして、この様な転写シートを、凹凸表面に追従させて転写するには、例えば、転写ローラに、軟質のゴム製の加熱ローラを使用して熱圧を転写シートに与えて、凹凸基材に押圧する事で転写する方法があった(特開平5−139097号公報等参照)。
▲2▼或いは、特公昭55−2353号公報に開示の転写シートでは、紙からなる基体シートに、離型層としてポリオレフィン系樹脂を熔融押出塗工(EC塗工)して形成した支持体シートを用いる。そして、この支持体シートの離型層上に転写層として、絵柄インキ層等の転写層を形成した転写シートである。支持体シートは、耐熱性を有する基体シートと熱変形し易い離型層とを組み合わせて、熱によって部分変形するが急熱により、収縮等の著しい変化を示さない性質を持たせたものである。そして、この転写シートを用いた転写は、加熱ローラで転写シートに熱圧を与えると、離型層のポリオレフィン系樹脂が軟化し、被転写体の表面凹凸形状に追従する様に離型層の厚みが変化する様に離型層が成形されて、転写層を凹凸表面に転写できる様にしたものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記の転写シート、及びそれを用いた転写方法では次の様な問題があった。
▲1▼の支持体シートとして樹脂シートの単一層を用いた転写シートでは、凹凸基材の表面凹凸の凹部にて、そこに存在する凹凸基材と転写シートとの間に挟まれた空気が、転写シートが凹部内に追従し成形される時に逃げきれず、エア溜まりが生じることがあった。エア溜まりによって、転写層が被転写面に接触できず、転写層が転写されない転写抜けや、エアが邪魔になって転写シートが追従しきれない成形不足が生じる。また、軟質ゴム製の加熱ローラでも、ゴムローラの変形限界があり、深い凹凸形状への転写は出来無い。
▲2▼の転写シートでは、支持体シートの離型層が軟化成形可能な厚み変化分相当の表面凹凸までにしか対応できない。その理由として、基体シートには耐熱性は有るが、成形性に乏しい紙を使用しており、転写シート全体を、表面凹凸に追従させて成形し転写するものではない為である。従って、本革等の表面凹凸が小さい被転写体では良いとしても、深さがmm単位以上の凹凸表面の凹凸形状には十分に転写シート全体を追従させることが出来ず、無理に追従させると紙が破れ転写できない。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、上記課題を解決すべく、本発明の転写シートでは、支持体シート上
の転写層として、装飾層となる印刷インキ層を少なくとも有する転写シートにおいて、支持体シートが、0.7kgf/5cm以上1.1kgf/5cm以下の破断強度を有する熱可塑性樹脂繊維又は硝子繊維の織布又は不織布からなる通気性基体層と、充填剤を含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層とからなり、該離型層側に転写層を設けて成る構成とした。この様に、支持体シートを特定の構成とすることで、凹凸基材の表面凹凸の凹部に於けるエア溜まりの発生を防げる。従って、その結果生じた転写シートの成形不足、転写抜けを防止して、確実に転写できる。
【0006】
また、本発明の化粧材の製造方法では、上記転写シートの接着面を、凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材に向けて、該転写シートの支持体シート側から熱ローラで押圧して、転写シートが凹凸基材に接着後、該転写シートの支持体シートを剥離除去することで、転写層を凹凸基材に転写して化粧材とする方法とした。また、本発明の化粧材の製造方法では、上記転写シートの接着面を、凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材に向けて、該転写シートの支持体シート側に固体粒子を衝突させ、その衝突圧を利用して、凹凸基材の凹凸表面への転写シートの圧接を行い、転写層が凹凸基材に接着後、該転写シートの支持体シートを剥離除去することで、転写層を凹凸基材に転写して化粧材とする方法とした。また、本発明の化粧材の製造方法では、前記転写シートの熱ローラでの押圧工程、または、前記転写シートの圧接工程と、転写層が凹凸基材に接着する工程との間に、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層が微細な亀裂を発生し、該亀裂から空気が抜ける工程を有する方法とした。また、本発明の化粧材の製造方法では、前記凹凸基材が、段差1〜10mmの凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材とし、さらに、段差1〜10mmであって、凹部の幅1〜10mmの凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材とした。
【0007】
上記転写シートを使用することで、表面凹凸が比較的浅い形状の凹凸基材に対しては、熱ローラを用いる平易な転写方法によって、エア溜まりによる転写不良無しに確実に転写できる。また、上記転写シートを使用し、且つ固体粒子衝突圧を利用した転写方法によって転写することで、表面凹凸が深い形状の凹凸基材に対しても、エア溜まりによる転写不良無しに確実に転写できる
【0008】
また、本発明の化粧材の製造方法では、上記各製造方法に於いて、後加工として、転写された転写層上に後塗装を行う様にした。その結果、後塗装により、転写後の転写層の耐摩耗性等の表面物性が向上する。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の転写シート及び、それを用いた化粧材の製造方法について、実施の形態を説明する。
【0010】
〔概要〕
先ず、図1は、本発明の転写シートの形態例として2例を示す断面図である。本発明の転写シートは、図1(A)の示す転写シートSの如く、支持体シート1と転写層2とからなるが、この支持体シート1は熱可塑性樹脂繊維又は硝子繊維の織布又は不織布からなる通気性基体層3と、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層4とから構成され、一方、転写層2は装飾層となる印刷インキ層5を少なくとも有する。また、図1(B)に示す本発明の転写シートSの如く、転写層2となる印刷インキ層5は、通常は、絵柄層6と着色ベタ層7とから構成される。この様に、支持体シート1を樹脂シート単層、或いは紙と離型層との積層体からなる構成とせずに、熱可塑性樹脂繊維又は硝子繊維の織布又は不織布からなる通気性基体層3と、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層4とから構成することで、表面凹凸の凹部に於けるエア溜まり発生を防ぐ事が出来る。
【0011】
次に、図2は、本発明の化粧材の製造方法等に於いて、上記本発明の転写シートを凹凸基材に転写する時の様子を概念的に示す概念図である。同図は、転写シートSの通気性基体層3と離型層4とかなる支持体シート1によって、エア溜まり発生が防げる様子を説明する図である。
すなわち、支持体シート1を上記の様な構成とすることで、エア溜まりを防げる理由は、一つには、図2の如く、転写シートSが転写圧によって押圧されて、凹凸基材Bの表面凹凸の凹部内にまで追従し成形される時に、離型層4に微細な亀裂Cが発生して、離型層4及び通気性基体層3を通して、転写シートSと凹凸基材B間に挟まれた空気が転写シート背面側に逃げ出せる様になる為である。或いは、微細な亀裂が発生しない場合でも、特定の繊維質からなる通気性基体層とポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層との組み合わせによって、支持体シートの熱機械的強度がエア溜まり防止に適度なものとなる事による。それは、転写シートが押圧されて凹凸基材の表面凹凸の凹部形状に追従すべく変形して成形されて行く速度が、凹部内に溜まりそうな空気が転写シートと凹凸基材の間隙を通して抜け出せる時間的余裕が得られる様な遅い速度となる為である。また、樹脂シート単層の支持体シートに比べて、通気性基体層が持つ嵩高さが、転写シートと凹凸基材間の間隙を通して空気を逃がし易くしている事による。
【0012】
〔支持体シート〕
本発明の転写シートでは、上記の如く支持体シート1を、熱可塑性樹脂繊維又は硝子繊維の織布又は不織布からなる通気性基体層3と、ポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層4とから構成する。
【0013】
(通気性基体層)
上記通気性基体層3としては、グラビア印刷等で転写層を輪転印刷可能な機械的強度、転写シートに凹凸基材の表面形状に追従し得る成形性を付与する層である。
この通気性基体層には、織布又は不織布のいずれかを使用する。織布又は不織布の繊維としては、ポリエステル繊維、ナイロン繊維、ポリオレフィン繊維、レーヨン繊維、ビニロン繊維、アクリル繊維、ポリクラール繊維、アラミド繊維等の熱可塑性樹脂繊維、又は、硝子繊維を使用する。機械的強度の点からは、硝子繊維が好ましいが、凹凸追従性の点からは、熱可塑性樹脂繊維が好ましい。或いは、熱可塑性樹脂繊維と硝子繊維とを混抄しても良い。そうすることで、両繊維の性能を折衷させる事ができる。なお、これら繊維を織布又は不織布の形態にするには、接着剤や熱接着性繊維、もしくは機械的に絡合させて、シート状にする。例えば、シート状とする方法は、乾式法、スパンボンド法、メトルブロー法、湿式法等の公知の方法である。また、繊維同士を結合させる方法としては、サーマルボンド法(繊維中に熱接着性繊維を混合し、溶融させて繊維間を結合させる)、ケミカルボンド法(含浸法:繊維を接着剤溶液中に含浸し、乾燥させて繊維間を結合させる、スプレー法:接着剤をスプレーコートする)等の公知の方法で結合する。
通気性基体層の目付は、少なくとも輪転印刷可能な機械的強度を有するものとすれば良い。例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系とポリプロピレン系の混糸を用いるたスパンボンド不織布では、目付20g/m2 のものなとが良い。
【0014】
(離型層)
離型層4は、上記通気性基体層の表面の多数の小孔を埋めて少なくとも印刷可能な程度まで平滑にし、且つ転写層との剥離性が適度であり、好ましくは薄膜なものが好ましい。離型層の樹脂としては、転写層に対する剥離性が有り、微細な亀裂発生或いは支持体シートとして適度の熱機械的強度が得られるものであれば、基本的には特に制限は無い。なお、離型層の厚みは、例えば5〜20μm程度である。薄すぎると、印刷面を十分に平滑に出来ず柄抜けが発生し易く、また、厚すぎると微細な亀裂が発生し難くなる。
【0015】
離型層の樹脂としては、例えば、ポリエチレン(高密度又は低密度)、ポリプロピレン、ポリ1−ブテン、ポリ4−メチル−1−ペンテン、エチレン−プロピレン共重合体、プロピレン−ブテン共重合体、或いは、エチレン、プロピレン、1−ブテン、4−メチル−1−ペンテン等のαオレフィン同士のランダム或いはブロック共重合体等のポリオレフィン、エチレン−アクリル酸共重合体、エチレン−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エチレン−ビニルアルコール共重合体、エチレン−塩化ビニル共重合体等のエチレン−ビニル化合物共重合体等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、或いは、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、エチレン・テレフタレート・イソフタレート共重合体ポリエステル、ポリブチレンテレフタレート等の熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂、ポリスチレン、アクリロニトリル−スチレン共重合体等のスチレン樹脂、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリアクリル酸メチル等の各種(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの単独又は共重合体からなるアクリル樹脂、ナイロン6、ナイロン6−6、ナイロン6−10、ナイロン11、ナイロン12等のポリアミド樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリフェニレンオキシド、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、或いはアクリルウレタン樹脂等のウレタン樹脂等の樹脂を1種又は2種以上の混合物で用いる。
これらの中でも、一番好ましいのは、ポリエチレン(高密度又は低密度)、ポリプロピレン、ポリ1−ブテン、ポリ4−メチル−1−ペンテン、ポリオレフィン系樹脂である。ポリオレフィン系樹脂を採用する事で、エア溜まり発生を効果的に防げる。
【0016】
通気性基体層に離型層を設けるには、例えば、離型層とする1種又は2種以上の樹脂を単層又は多層の溶融押出塗工法(エクストルージョンコート)で塗工形成しても良いし、離型層とする単層又は多層の樹脂シートを、接着剤を介してドライラミネーネーション或いはウェトラミネーションでラミネ−トする等すれば良い。接着剤には例えば2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤等を使用すれば良い。また、溶融押出塗工法等による場合、通気性基体層と離型層との密着を高める為に、これら間に接着剤層(プライマー層)設けても良い。
【0017】
また、離型層に微細な亀裂が入り易くする様に、離型層中には、シリカ、沈降性硫酸バリウム等の充填剤を添加しても良い。また、通気性基体層に離型層を溶融押出塗工法で形成後、延伸をかけて離型層が裂け易くしても良い。
【0018】
〔転写層〕
転写層2は装飾層となる印刷インキ層5を最低限有する。また、印刷インキ層5の他に、剥離層等も必要に応じ適宜有する。
【0019】
(印刷インキ層)
印刷インキ層5は、絵柄のパターンを有する絵柄層6、着色された全ベタ層である着色ベタ層7の何方か一方、又は両方を有する。これらの層が装飾層となる。
印刷インキ層は、グラビア印刷、シルクスクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷等の従来公知の印刷方法で形成すれば良い。絵柄層の絵柄は、木目模様、石目模様、布目模様、タイル調模様、煉瓦調模様、皮絞模様、文字、幾何学模様等と基本的には任意である。
なお、印刷インキ層用のインキは、一般的なインキ同様に、バインダー等からなるビヒクル、顔料や染料等の着色剤、これに適宜加える各種添加剤からなる。例えば、バインダーの樹脂には、アクリル樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリエステル樹脂、セルロース系樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フッ素樹脂等の単体又はこれらを含む混合物を用いる。着色剤としては、チタン白、カーボンブラック、弁柄、黄鉛、群青等の無機顔料、アニリンブラック、キナクリドン、イソインドリノン、フタロシアニンブルー等の有機顔料、二酸化チタン被覆雲母の箔粉等の光輝性顔料、或いは、その他染料等を用いる。
【0020】
なお、転写層2には、従来公知の転写シート同様に、更に必要に応じ適宜、剥離層、接着剤層等も転写層の構成要素としても良い。剥離層は転写層の支持体シートに面する側に、接着剤層は転写シートに於ける転写層の最外層に設ける。剥離層は、支持体シートと転写層との剥離性調整等に設ける。剥離層には、例えば、上記装飾層用インキのバインダーに用いる樹脂等が用いられる。
但し、エア溜まり防止を、転写シート成形時の離型層の微細な亀裂により行う為には、剥離層や接着剤層が前記亀裂を覆い隠す事もあるので、この様な場合は、剥離層や接着剤層、特に剥離層よりも厚みが一般に必要な接着剤層は転写シート側には設け無い方が良い(凹凸基材側に接着剤層を設ける)。なお、印刷インキ層は装飾の為に着色剤を含有しているので、離型層同様に、転写シートが伸ばされた時に、印刷インキ層にも微細な亀裂が入り易い。
【0021】
〔接着剤層〕
印刷インキ層自体では転写層を凹凸基材に転移、接着できない場合には、接着剤層を、好ましくは凹凸基材側に設けると良い。転写シートの転写層の一部として設けることもできるが、上記の如く支持体シートの離型層の亀裂発生によるエア溜まり防止効果が邪魔され易いので、この様な場合には、凹凸基材側に設けるのが好ましい。図2は、凹凸基材B側に接着剤層Aを設け場合である。
【0022】
接着剤層としては、従来公知の熱可塑性樹脂、硬化性樹脂等を、用途、要求物性等により適宜選択使用すれば良い。例えば、酢酸ビニル樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリル樹脂、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、アイオノマー、塩素化ポリオレフィン等の熱可塑性樹脂、或いは、フェノール樹脂、ブロックイソシアネート硬化型ウレタン樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂等を1種又は2種以上の混合物として用いる。
接着剤層を、凹凸基材の凹凸表面上に形成するには、スプレーコート、カーテンコート、ロールコート等の塗工法で形成すれば良い。また、転写層として形成する場合には、グラビアコート等の塗工法の他、グラビア印刷等の印刷法でも良い。接着剤層の厚みは特に制限は無いが、通常は1〜100μm程度である。
【0023】
〔凹凸基材〕
凹凸基材Bとしては、その被転写面に凹凸形状を有する基材であれば特に限定は無い。特に固体粒子衝突圧による転写方法で転写する場合では、凹凸形状は、ゴムローラを用いる従来のローラ転写法では不可能な様な、二次元的凹凸や三次元的凹凸の凹凸基材でも良い。二次元的凹凸とは1方向にのみ凹凸が有る凹凸で、三次元的凹凸とは縦横等と2方向に凹凸が有る凹凸である。
図3の要部拡大斜視図に、凹凸基材Bの三次元的凹凸の一例を示す。同図の表面凹凸はタイル貼り目地溝状凹凸の例である。この様な大柄な凹凸の凹凸形状は、段差が1〜10mm、凹部の幅が1〜10mm、凸部の幅が5mm以上のもの等である。
【0024】
また、大柄な凹凸に重畳して微細な凹凸を有する凹凸表面の凹凸基材、或いは凹凸表面の凹部底部や凹部内側面に転写すべき面を有する凹凸基材も可能である。大柄な凹凸と微細な凹凸との組み合わせの凹凸から成り、且つ三次元的な表面凹凸を持つ化粧材の凹凸模様の具体例としては、例えば、大柄な凹凸として目地、溝等を有するタイル、煉瓦、石等の二次元配列模様を有し、その上に微細な凹凸としてスタッコ調、リシン調等の吹き付け塗装面の凹凸模様、花崗岩の劈開面やトラバーチン大理石板等の石材表面の凹凸等を有する石目調凹凸模様、或いは大柄な凹凸模様として目地、溝、簓、サネ(実)等を有する羽目板模様、浮造木目板模様を有し、その上に微細凹凸として導管溝、浮出した年輪、ヘアライン等を有する木目調の凹凸模様が挙げられる。
また、凹凸基材は全体として(包絡面形状が)平板状の板材だけでなく、特に固体粒子衝突圧による転写方法による場合では、断面が円弧状に凸又は凹に1方向に湾曲した二次元的凹凸を有する基材でも良い。
【0025】
凹凸基材の材質には特に限定は無い。例えば、無機系、金属系、木質系、プラスチック系等の基材を使用できる。具体的には、ケイ酸カルシウム、押し出しセメント、スラグセメント、ALC(軽量気泡コンクリート)、GRC(硝子繊維強化コンクリート)、パルプセメント等の非陶磁器窯業系材料、杉、檜、樫、ラワン、チーク等の各種樹種からなる木材単板や木材合板、パーティクルボード、集成材、木質中密度繊維板(MDF)等の木質材料、また、鉄、アルミニウム、銅等の金属材料、土器、陶器、磁器、セッ器、硝子、琺瑯等のセラミックス等の無機質材料、ポリプロピレン、ABS樹脂、フェノール樹脂等の樹脂材料等である。
【0026】
また、これらの凹凸基材表面には、予め、接着剤との接着を補助する為の易接着プライマー、凹凸基材がアルカリ性基材の場合にアルカリの滲出を防ぐシーラー剤、或いは表面の微凹凸や多孔質を目止めし封じる目止剤を塗工しておいても良い。易接着プライマー、シーラー剤、或いは目止剤としては、イソシアネート、2液硬化ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂等の樹脂を塗工し形成する。
【0027】
〔化粧材の製造に使用する転写方法〕
上記本発明の転写シートを用いて凹凸基材に転写して化粧材等の転写品を製造する為の転写方法としては、基本的には特に限定はない。従来公知の各種転写方法を、凹凸基材、用途等に応じて適宜選択して採用すれば良い。なかでも、本発明の化粧材の製造方法で採用する方法は、熱ローラを使用するローラ転写方法と、固体粒子衝突圧を利用する転写方法の2つの転写方法である。以下、これら2方法を説明する。
【0028】
〔ローラ転写方法〕
ローラ転写方法は、特公昭60−59876号公報、特開平5−139097号公報等に開示の慣用的な転写方法であるが、ローラに軟質の物を用いれば、ある程度の表面凹凸までならば適用できる平易な方法となる。
図4は、ローラ転写方法を概念的に説明する概念図である。加熱ローラとして使用する弾性体ローラRとしては、通常、鉄等の剛体の回転軸芯R1の表面周囲を軟質の弾性体R2で被覆したローラを用いる。弾性体R2としては、シリコーンゴム、ネオプレンゴム、フッ素ゴム、スチレン−ブタジエンゴム、ブタジエンゴム、天然ゴム等のゴムを用いる。特に、耐熱性、耐久性、弾性等の点からシリコーンゴムが好ましい。また、弾性体として、JIS規格のゴム硬度が60°以下のものを使用することが、転写シートを凹凸基材の凹凸表面に追従成形させる為に好ましい。弾性体ローラの直径は、通常5〜20cm程度である。また、弾性体ローラは加熱ローラとしても用いる。弾性体ローラの加熱は、内部の電熱ヒータや外部の赤外線輻射ヒータ等の加熱源によって加熱する。
【0029】
〔固体粒子衝突圧を利用する転写方法〕
この転写方法は、特開平9−315095号公報に開示された様に、転写圧の押圧手段自体が新規な転写方法である。この転写方法は、弾性体ローラによるローラ転写方法では、適用出来ない大きな表面凹凸に好適である。
すなわち、この転写方法は、図5の概念図で示す如く、転写シートSの接着面側となる転写層側を、凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材Bに向けて、該転写シートの支持体シート側に多数の固体粒子Pを衝突させ、その衝突圧を利用して、凹凸基材の凹凸表面への転写シートの圧接を行い、転写層が凹凸基材に接着後、該転写シートの支持体シートを剥離除去することで、転写層を凹凸基材に転写する方法である。転写シートSは、多数の固体粒子Pの衝突圧によって、凹凸基材Bの表面凹凸形状に追従する様に成形され、その結果、表面凹凸の凹部内へも転写が行われる事になる。なお、固体粒子Pに付記した矢印は、固体粒子の速度ベクトルを表す。
【0030】
固体粒子としては、ガラスビーズ等の無機粒子、亜鉛、鉄等の金属粒子、ナイロンビーズや架橋ゴムビーズ等の樹脂ビーズ等の有機粒子、或いは金属等の無機粒子と樹脂とからなる無機物・樹脂複合粒子等を使用する。粒子形状は球形状が好ましいが、その他の形状でも用い得る。粒径は通常10〜1000μm程度である。
固体粒子は噴出器から転写シートに向かって噴出させ、転写シートに衝突したその衝突圧が転写圧となる。噴出器には、代表的には羽根車や吹出ノズルを用いる。羽根車はその回転により固体粒子を加速し、吹出ノズルは高速の流体流で固体粒子を加速する。羽根車や吹出ノズルには、サンドブラスト或いはショットブラスト、ショットピーニング等とブラスト分野にて使用されているものを流用できる。例えば羽根車には遠心式ブラスト装置、吹出ノズルには加圧式や吸引式ブラスト装置、ウェットブラスト装置等である。遠心式ブラスト装置は羽根車の回転力で固体粒子を加速し噴出する。加圧式ブラスト装置は、圧縮空気に混合しておいて固体粒子を、空気と共に噴出する。吸引式ブラスト装置は、圧縮空気の高速流で生ずる負圧部に固体粒子を吸い込み、空気と共に噴出する。ウェットブラスト装置は、固体粒子を液体と混合して噴出する。
【0031】
図6及び図7は、羽根車による噴出器の一例を示す概念図である。羽根車812は、複数の羽根813がその両側を2枚の側面板814で固定され、且つ回転中心部は羽根813が無い中空部815となっている。更に、この中空部815内に方向制御器816を内在する(図7参照)。方向制御器816は、外周の一部が円周方向に開口した開口部817を有し中空筒状で羽根車812の回転軸芯と同一回転軸芯で、羽根車とは独立して回動自在となっている。羽根車使用時は、方向制御器の開口部を適宜の方向に向くように固定して、固体粒子の噴出方向を調整する。更に、この方向制御器の内部に、内部中空で羽根車812の回転軸芯と同一回転軸芯のもう一つの羽根車が散布器818として内在する(図7参照)。散布器818は外側の羽根車812と共に回転する。そして、前記側面板814の回転中心には回転軸819が固定され、回転軸819は、軸受820で回転自在に軸支され電動機等の回転動力源(図示略)によって駆動回転され、羽根車812が回転する。また回転軸819は、羽根813を間に有する2枚の側面板814間には貫通しておらず、軸無しの空間を形成している。
そして、散布器818の内部に固体粒子Pがホッパ等から輸送管を通って供給される。通常、固体粒子は、羽根車の上方(直上又は斜上方)から供給する。散布器内に供給された固体粒子は散布器の羽根車で外側に飛び散る。飛び散った固体粒子は、方向制御器816の開口部817によって許された方向にのみ放出され、外側の羽根車812の羽根813と羽根813との間に供給される。そして、羽根813に衝突し、羽根車812の回転力で加速され、羽根車から噴出する。
羽根車812の寸法は、通常直径5〜60cm程度、羽根の幅は5〜20cm程度、羽根の長さは、ほぼ羽根車の直径程度、羽根車の回転数は500〜5000〔rpm〕程度である。固体粒子の噴出速度は10〜50〔m/s〕程度、投射密度(基材単位面積当たりに衝突させる固体粒子の総重量)は10〜150〔kg/m2 〕程度である。
【0032】
次に、図8は吹出ノズルを用いた噴出器の一例を示す概念図である。同図の噴出器840は固体粒子加速流体として空気等の気体を用い、固体粒子噴出時に該気体と固体粒子を混合して噴出する形態の噴出器の一例である。噴出器840は、固体粒子Pと流体Fを混合する誘導室841と、誘導室内に流体を噴出する内部ノズル842と、ノズル開口部843から固体粒子及び流体を噴出する吹出ノズル部844からなる。圧縮機等からの加圧状態の流体Fを、内部ノズル842から噴出し誘導室841を経てノズル844のノズル開口部843から噴出する際に、噴出器内の誘導室841にて、高速で流れる流体流の作用で負圧を作り、この負圧により固体粒子を流体流に導き混合し、流体流で固体粒子を加速、搬送して、ノズル844のノズル開口部843から流体流と共に噴出するものである。なお、固体粒子加速流体に液体を用いる吹出ノズル等もある。
流体圧は吹付圧力で通常0.1〜10kg/cm2 程度である。流体流の流速は、液流では通常1〜20m/秒程度、気流では通常5〜80m/秒程度である。
【0033】
噴出器は、1個のみでは加圧領域を所望の形状、大きさに出来ない場合は、複数用いる。例えば、転写シート及び凹凸基材の送り方向に直交して幅方向に全幅を加圧領域とするには、幅方向に一直線状に複数個を配置して、幅方向に直線状で幅広の帯状形状の加圧領域とする。また、衝突圧印加時間を長くするには、噴出器は、例えば転写シート及び凹凸基材の送り方向に向かって2列以上配置する多段配置とする。複数個を配列時は、個々の噴出器の隣接する加圧領域を互いに一部重複させることが好ましい。なお、固体粒子の衝突圧は、例えば転写シート送り方向に直交する幅方向の中央部が最大で、幅方向両端部に近い程低下する山型圧力分布等と、不均一に設定することもできる。この設定は、中央部から両端部に向かって順次段階的に圧着を進行させ、内部に空気を抱き込むことを防ぐ。もちろん、衝突圧は転写が完全に行える圧以上で、且つ転写シートの歪み、凹凸基材の変形、破損等の生じない圧以下の適正圧力範囲内とする。
【0034】
また、複数の噴出器を用いる場合、凹凸基材の被転写面の包絡面(の搬送方向に直交する断面形状)が例えば円型になる円筒状の凸曲面であれば、各噴出器が主とし受け持つ個別の衝突面に対して、略垂直に固体粒子が衝突する様に、噴出器の向きを、近接する凹凸基材の包絡面法線方向をカバーする様に複数配置することもできる。
【0035】
また、実際に固体粒子を用いて転写する際は、固体粒子は周囲の雰囲気中に飛散させずに且つ循環再利用するのが好ましい。そこで、転写する空間を周囲空間と隔離するチャンバ内で、固体粒子を転写シートに衝突させて転写圧を加える等すると良い。支持体シートの剥離は、チャンバ外でも良い。支持体シートの剥離は、転写層が凹凸基材に密着し、支持体シートが破れたりせずに剥離可能な状態になれば、固体粒子衝突圧の解除直後でも良いし、間を置いてからでも良いからである。
【0036】
また、好ましくは、予め転写シートは赤外線輻射ヒータ等で加熱軟化させて延伸性を付与し、凹凸基材が熱容量の大きい場合は予め予熱し、熱融着型の接着剤層は、加熱活性化させた状態で固体粒子を転写シートに衝突させる様にする。
また、衝突圧印加中の加熱には、加熱固体粒子や、固体粒子加速用の流体を加熱流体として用いても良い。
一方、転写シートが凹凸基材が凹凸表面の表面形状に追従し、成形され、転写層が凹凸基材に十分に接触すれば、冷風等の冷却手段で冷却を促進して、冷却固化による熱接着を促進しても良い。冷風は、転写シート側や凹凸基材側から吹き付ける。また、冷却手段として、冷却固体粒子、冷却流体も使用できる。冷却促進は、凹凸基材が凹凸表面の場合にその凹部内部にまで追従成形された転写シートが衝突圧開放後に復元力がある場合に戻るのも防止する。
【0037】
〔後塗装〕
なお、転写後の化粧材の表面に、耐久性、意匠感等を付与する為に、更に透明保護層等の上塗り層を後塗装しても良い。上塗り層には、用途、要求物性に応じたものを形成すれば良い。例えば、ポリフッ化エチレン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等のフッ素樹脂、ポリメタクリル酸メチル等のアクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂の1種又は2種以上等をバインダーとし、これに必要に応じて、ベンゾトリアゾール、超微粒子酸化セリウム等の紫外線吸収剤、ヒンダードアミン系ラジカル捕捉剤等の光安定剤、シリカ、球状α−アルミナ等の粒子からなる減摩剤、着色顔料、体質顔料、滑剤等を添加した塗料を用いて塗装する。塗工はスプレー塗装、カーテンコート、軟質ゴムローラやスポンジローラを使用したロールコート等の公知の塗工法で行えば良い。上塗り層の膜厚は1〜100μm程度である。
【0038】
〔化粧材の用途〕
化粧材の用途は特に制限は無い。例えば、サイディング等の外壁、塀、屋根、門扉、破風板等の外装、壁面、天井、床等の建築物の内装、窓枠、扉、手摺、敷居、鴨居等の建具類の表面化粧、箪笥等の家具やテレビ受像機等の弱電・OA機器のキャビネットの表面化粧、自動車、電車、航空機、船舶等の乗物内装材等の各種分野で用いられ得る。なお、化粧材の形状は、平板以外にも、曲面板、棒状体、立体物等でも良い。平板や曲面板では化粧板として用いられる。
【0039】
【実施例】
次に実施例及び比較例により本発明を更に説明する。
【0040】
〔実施例1〕
図1(B)の如き転写シートSを次の様にして作製した。通気性基体層3として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系とポリプロピレン系の混糸を用いたスパンボンド不織布(目付20g/m2 、破断強度0.7kgf/5cm幅)の片面に、ポリエチレン系樹脂を溶融押出塗工法で目付(塗工量)45g/m2 に塗工して離型層4を形成したものを支持体シート1とした。
次に、この支持体シートの離型層面に転写層2として、アクリルウレタン樹脂をバインダーの主成分樹脂とし着色顔料を添加してなるインキを用い、多色刷りの絵柄層6、次いで着色ベタ層7をグラビア印刷して、石目模様の装飾層としての印刷インキ層5を形成して、転写シートSとした。なお、着色顔料には、弁柄、イソインドリノン、チタン白、カーボンブラックを用いた。また、印刷インキ層の印刷は、見当ズレや柄抜け無しに印刷出来、通気性基体層の機械的強度は十分であり、またその厚み(表面)凹凸によって凹部で印刷できなくなる柄抜けも離型層によって完全に防げ、支持体シートの印刷適性は良好であった。
【0041】
一方、凹凸基材Bとしては、図3に示す如き、タイル貼り目地溝状で溝幅が7mm、溝深さが2mmの表面凹凸を有する厚さ12mmのケイ酸カルシウム板を用意した。そして、この板材に予め、チタン白とカーボンブラックで灰色に着色した2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤(アクリルポリオールとヘキサメチレンジイソシアネートからなる)をスプレー塗装し、60℃で10分間、希釈溶剤を乾燥して接着剤層を形成しておいた。
【0042】
次いで、上記凹凸基材の凹凸表面上に、前記の転写シートの接着面側を向けて載置し、熱ローラによるローラ転写方法によって転写した。熱ローラには、鉄芯の周囲をシリコーンゴムで被覆したJISゴム硬度40度の弾性体ローラを、表面温度180℃に加熱して使用した。また、転写圧は、4kg/cm2 とした。そして、支持体シートを剥離した。
その結果、凹凸基材の凹部でのエア溜まり発生による転写シートの成形不良は無く、成形適性は良好であった。そして、エア溜まりにより転写できない部分(転写抜け)は認められず、転写外観として化粧材の外観は良好であった。得られた化粧材は、転写層の石目模様と凹凸基材の凹凸形状とによって、意匠感に優れたものであった。
【0043】
更に転写後、ベンゾトリアゾール系紫外線吸収剤を0.2重量%添加してなる2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系塗料をスプレーコートして厚さ10μmの上塗り層を設けて、40℃雰囲気中で3日間養生し、接着剤と上塗り層の架橋、硬化を完了させて、上塗り層付きの化粧材とした。
印刷適性、成形適性、転写後外観等は、表1に実施例及び比較例を纏めて示す。
【0044】
〔実施例2〕
実施例1に対して、転写シートに用いた支持体シートのみを次の物に変更した他は、実施例1と同一にして、転写シートを作製し、転写し、後塗装し、化粧材を作製した。
使用した支持体シートは、通気性基体層として、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系の混糸を用いた湿式不織布(目付25g/m2 、破断強度1.1kgf/5cm幅)の片面に、無延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム(目付20g/m2 )のコロナ放電処理面を、2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂系接着剤を用いたドライラミネーション法により接着積層して離型層を形成した物を用いた。
その結果、転写層印刷時の印刷適性、転写時の成形適性は共に良好で、化粧材の外観も転写抜けは無く良好であった。
【0045】
〔比較例1〕
実施例1に対して、転写シートに用いた支持体シートのみを次の物に変更した他は、実施例1と同一にして、転写シートを作製し、転写し、化粧材を作製した。
使用した支持体シートは、ポリプロピレン系で目付80g/m2 の樹脂シート(溶融押出法での製造品)の単一層からなるシートである。
その結果、転写層印刷時の印刷適性は良好であったが、転写時の成形適性はエア溜まりが発生し不良となり、化粧材の外観はエア溜まり部分で転写抜けとなり不良であった。
【0046】
〔比較例2〕
実施例1に対して、転写シートに用いた支持体シートのみを次の物に変更した他は、実施例1と同一にして、転写シートを作製し、転写し、化粧材を作製することを試みた。
使用した支持体シートは、その通気性基体層のみを、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系とポリプロピレン系の混糸を用いたスパンボンド不織布の目付を、20g/m2 から12g/m2 (破断強度は0.3kgf/5cm幅に低下)に変更し、離型層は実施例1と同一の支持体シートである。
その結果、支持体シートの機械的強度不足の為に転写層印刷時に多色刷りの絵柄層の見当が合わず印刷適性が不良で、実用的な印刷が出来なかった。従って、、転写以降は行わなかった。
【0047】
〔実施例3〕
実施例1に対して、転写シートに用いた支持体シートのみを次の物に変更した他は、実施例1と同一にして、転写シートを作製し、転写し、後塗装し、化粧材を作製した。
使用した支持体シートは、その溶融押出塗工法で形成する離型層の目付を、45g/m2 から15g/m2 に変更した他は、通気性基体層は実施例1と同一の支持体シートである。
その結果、通気性基体層の凹凸の影響が離型層を通じて現れ、転写層印刷時に部分部分で印刷出来ない柄抜けが発生し印刷適性は不良となった。しかし、転写時の成形適性はエア溜まりが発生せず良好であった。但し、化粧材の外観は、転写抜けでは無く、転写層印刷時に発生した柄抜けによる非印刷部が認められ、やや良好となった。しかし、柄抜けが目立たない様な柄とすれば採用できる程度であり、エア溜まりによる転写抜け無しに転写できる転写シートである事は確認できた。
【0048】
〔実施例4〕
実施例1に対して、転写圧の印加方法を、熱ローラによるローラ転写方法から、固体粒子衝突圧を利用する転写方法に変更し、且つ凹凸基材の溝深さを2mmから4mmに変更した他は、実施例1と同一にして、転写シートを作製し、転写し、後塗装し、化粧材を作製した。
なお、固体粒子衝突圧による転写は、噴出器には図6〜図7の様な羽根車を用いた噴出器を使用した。凹凸表面に転写シートを載置した凹凸基材をベルトコンベアで搬送しつつ、120℃の熱風で転写シート及び凹凸基材を加熱した後、噴出器からの固体粒子を転写シートに衝突させて衝突圧を印加した。なお、固体粒子としては平均粒径0.4mmの球形の亜鉛球を用い、固体粒子の噴出速度は35〔m/s〕とした。そして、25℃の冷風で冷却して転写層が凹凸基材に接着した後、支持体シートを剥がし取り、化粧材を得た。
その結果、転写層印刷時の印刷適性、転写時の成形適性は共に良好で、化粧材の外観も転写抜けは無く良好であった。また、より深い表面凹凸形状により、更に意匠感に富んだ化粧材となった。
【0049】
【表1】

Figure 0004372864
【0050】
【表2】
Figure 0004372864
【0051】
【発明の効果】
▲1▼本発明の転写シートによれば、支持体シートを特定の通気性基体層と特定の離型層とからなる構成とすることで、転写シートが表面凹凸の凹部内へ成形されて行き伸ばされる時に、離型層の微小な亀裂発生等で、転写シートと凹凸基材間に挟まれた空気が逃げ易くなるので、凹凸基材の表面凹凸の凹部に於けるエア溜まりの発生を防げる。従って、その結果生じた転写シートの成形不足、転写抜けを防止して、確実に転写できる。
▲2▼本発明の化粧材の製造方法によれば、上記転写シートを使用するこで、表面凹凸が比較的浅い形状の凹凸基材に対しては、熱ローラを用いる平易なローラ転写方法によって、エア溜まりによる転写不良無しに確実に転写できる。
▲3▼一方、ローラ転写方法に代えて、固体粒子衝突圧を利用する転写方法を採用すれば、上記ローラ転写方法では不可能な様な大きな凹凸表面にも、エア溜まりによる転写不良無しに確実に転写できる。
▲4▼更に、上記各製造方法に於いて、転写後の転写層上に後塗装を行えば、化粧材の耐摩耗性等の表面物性も向上できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の転写シートの形態例を示す断面図。
【図2】本発明の転写シートによる凹凸基材への転写を概念的に説明する概念図。
【図3】凹凸基材の一例を示す要部拡大斜視図。
【図4】熱ローラによるローラ転写方法を概念的に説明する概念図。
【図5】固体粒子衝突圧を利用する転写方法を概念的に説明する概念図。
【図6】羽根車を用いた噴出器の一例を概念的に説明する斜視図。
【図7】図6の羽根車内部を説明する概念図。
【図8】吹出ノズルによる噴出器の一例を概念的に説明する断面図。
【符号の説明】
1 支持体シート
2 転写層
3 通気性基体層
4 離型層
5 印刷インキ層
6 絵柄層
7 着色ベタ層
812 羽根車
813 羽根
814 側面板
815 中空部
816 方向制御器
817 開口部
818 散布器
819 回転軸
820 軸受
840 吹出ノズルを用いた噴出器
841 誘導室
842 内部ノズル
843 ノズル開口部
844 ノズル
A 接着剤層
B 凹凸基材
C 亀裂
D 化粧材
P 固体粒子
S 転写シート[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a transfer sheet for manufacturing a transfer product such as a decorative material having a concavo-convex decorative surface used for housing exterior and interior materials, furniture, home appliances, and the like, and a method for manufacturing a decorative material using the transfer sheet.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in order to manufacture a decorative material having a concavo-convex surface having a three-dimensional concavo-convex shape on the transfer surface, there is a method using a transfer sheet as follows.
[0003]
(1) Usually, a transfer sheet using a single layer of a resin sheet as a support sheet is generally used. A thermoplastic resin is used for the resin sheet, and it is heated and softened so that the transfer sheet can be formed by following the surface uneven shape of the uneven substrate with a transfer pressure. In order to transfer such a transfer sheet by following the uneven surface, for example, a heat roller is applied to the transfer roller using a soft rubber heating roller, and the transfer sheet is applied to the uneven substrate. There was a method of transferring by pressing (refer to Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-139097).
(2) Alternatively, in the transfer sheet disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-2353, a support sheet formed by melt extrusion coating (EC coating) of a polyolefin resin as a release layer on a base sheet made of paper. Is used. And it is the transfer sheet which formed transfer layers, such as a pattern ink layer, as a transfer layer on the mold release layer of this support body sheet. The support sheet is a combination of a base sheet having heat resistance and a release layer that is easily thermally deformed, and is partially deformed by heat, but has a property that does not show significant changes such as shrinkage due to rapid heating. . In the transfer using this transfer sheet, when heat pressure is applied to the transfer sheet with a heating roller, the polyolefin resin of the release layer is softened, and the release layer of the release layer is made to follow the uneven surface shape of the transfer object. A release layer is formed so that the thickness changes, and the transfer layer can be transferred onto the uneven surface.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the transfer sheet and the transfer method using the transfer sheet have the following problems.
In the transfer sheet using a single layer of the resin sheet as the support sheet of (1), the air sandwiched between the uneven substrate and the transfer sheet existing in the uneven surface of the uneven substrate When the transfer sheet follows the concave portion and is molded, it cannot escape and an air pool may occur. Due to air accumulation, the transfer layer cannot come into contact with the surface to be transferred, causing transfer omission where the transfer layer is not transferred, and insufficient molding where the transfer sheet cannot be followed due to air. Further, even a heat roller made of soft rubber has a deformation limit of the rubber roller and cannot be transferred to a deep uneven shape.
In the transfer sheet of (2), the release layer of the support sheet can only cope with surface irregularities corresponding to the thickness change that can be softened. This is because the base sheet uses heat-resistant but poorly formable paper, and the entire transfer sheet is not formed and transferred following the surface irregularities. Therefore, even if a surface to be transferred such as leather has a small surface unevenness, the entire unevenness of the uneven surface on the uneven surface with a depth of mm or more cannot be sufficiently followed. Paper is torn and cannot be transferred.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, in order to solve the above-described problems, the transfer sheet of the present invention has a support sheet.
In the transfer sheet having at least a printing ink layer serving as a decorative layer as the transfer layer, the support sheet is a weave of thermoplastic resin fibers or glass fibers having a breaking strength of 0.7 kgf / 5 cm or more and 1.1 kgf / 5 cm or less. A breathable substrate layer made of cloth or non-woven fabric; Contains filler The release layer is composed of a polyolefin resin release layer, and a transfer layer is provided on the release layer side. In this way, by forming the support sheet in a specific configuration, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of air accumulation in the concave portion of the surface unevenness of the uneven base material. Therefore, it is possible to reliably transfer the sheet by preventing the resulting transfer sheet from being insufficiently formed and from missing the transfer.
[0006]
Moreover, in the method for producing a decorative material of the present invention, the transfer sheet is pressed with a heat roller from the support sheet side of the transfer sheet, with the adhesive surface of the transfer sheet facing the uneven substrate having the uneven surface. After bonding to the concavo-convex substrate, the transfer sheet was transferred to the concavo-convex base material by peeling off and removing the support sheet of the transfer sheet to obtain a cosmetic material. Moreover, in the method for producing a decorative material of the present invention, the adhesive surface of the transfer sheet is directed toward an uneven substrate having an uneven surface, solid particles are caused to collide with the support sheet side of the transfer sheet, and the collision pressure is set. The transfer sheet is pressed against the concavo-convex surface of the concavo-convex base, and after the transfer layer is bonded to the concavo-convex base, the transfer sheet is peeled and removed, whereby the transfer layer is formed into the concavo-convex base. It was set as the method of transferring to a cosmetic material. Further, in the method for producing a decorative material of the present invention, the polyolefin is interposed between the pressing step of the transfer sheet with a heat roller, or the pressing step of the transfer sheet and the step of bonding the transfer layer to the uneven substrate. The release layer of the system resin has a process in which fine cracks are generated and air escapes from the cracks. Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the cosmetic material of this invention, the said uneven | corrugated base material is used as the uneven | corrugated base material which has an uneven | corrugated surface with a level | step difference of 1-10 mm, and it is a level | step difference of 1-10 mm, Comprising: An uneven substrate having a surface was obtained.
[0007]
By using the transfer sheet, it is possible to reliably transfer an uneven substrate having a relatively shallow surface unevenness without a transfer defect due to air accumulation by a simple transfer method using a heat roller. In addition, by using the transfer sheet and transferring by a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure, it is possible to reliably transfer even an uneven substrate having a deep surface unevenness without transfer failure due to air accumulation. .
[0008]
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the decorative material of the present invention, post-coating is performed on the transferred transfer layer as post-processing in each of the manufacturing methods described above. As a result, surface properties such as abrasion resistance of the transferred layer after transfer are improved by post-coating.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the transfer sheet of the present invention and a method for producing a decorative material using the transfer sheet will be described.
[0010]
〔Overview〕
First, FIG. 1 is sectional drawing which shows two examples as an example of the form of the transfer sheet of this invention. The transfer sheet of the present invention comprises a support sheet 1 and a transfer layer 2 as in the transfer sheet S shown in FIG. 1A. This support sheet 1 is a woven fabric of thermoplastic resin fibers or glass fibers or It comprises a breathable substrate layer 3 made of a nonwoven fabric and a release layer 4 made of polyolefin resin, while the transfer layer 2 has at least a printing ink layer 5 serving as a decoration layer. Further, like the transfer sheet S of the present invention shown in FIG. 1B, the printing ink layer 5 that becomes the transfer layer 2 is usually composed of a pattern layer 6 and a colored solid layer 7. In this manner, the support sheet 1 is not composed of a single layer of a resin sheet or a laminate of paper and a release layer, but a breathable base layer 3 made of a woven or non-woven fabric of thermoplastic resin fibers or glass fibers. And the release layer 4 of the polyolefin resin can prevent air from being accumulated in the concave portions of the surface irregularities.
[0011]
Next, FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram conceptually showing a state in which the transfer sheet of the present invention is transferred to the concavo-convex base material in the cosmetic material manufacturing method of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining how air accumulation can be prevented by the support sheet 1 including the air-permeable base layer 3 and the release layer 4 of the transfer sheet S.
That is, the reason why the support sheet 1 is configured as described above to prevent air accumulation is that, as shown in FIG. 2, the transfer sheet S is pressed by the transfer pressure as shown in FIG. When molding is performed by following the concave portion of the surface unevenness, a fine crack C is generated in the release layer 4, and between the transfer sheet S and the uneven base material B through the release layer 4 and the breathable base layer 3. This is because the trapped air can escape to the back side of the transfer sheet. Or, even when fine cracks do not occur, the combination of a breathable substrate layer made of a specific fiber and a release layer of a polyolefin-based resin makes the thermomechanical strength of the support sheet moderate to prevent air accumulation By becoming. It is the time that the transfer sheet is pressed and deformed to follow the concave and convex shape of the concave and convex surface of the concavo-convex substrate, and the air that is likely to accumulate in the concave portion can escape through the gap between the transfer sheet and the concavo-convex substrate. This is because the speed is low enough to provide a reasonable margin. In addition, the bulkiness of the air-permeable base layer makes it easier for air to escape through the gap between the transfer sheet and the concavo-convex base material as compared with the single-layer support sheet of the resin sheet.
[0012]
[Support sheet]
In the transfer sheet of the present invention, as described above, the support sheet 1 is composed of a breathable base layer 3 made of a woven or non-woven fabric of thermoplastic resin fibers or glass fibers, and a release layer 4 made of polyolefin resin.
[0013]
(Breathable base layer)
The breathable substrate layer 3 is a layer that imparts mechanical strength capable of rotary printing the transfer layer by gravure printing or the like, and formability that can follow the surface shape of the uneven substrate on the transfer sheet.
Either a woven fabric or a non-woven fabric is used for the breathable substrate layer. As the fiber of the woven fabric or the nonwoven fabric, polyester fiber, nylon fiber, polyolefin fiber, rayon fiber, vinylon fiber, acrylic fiber, polyclar fiber, aramid fiber or other thermoplastic resin fiber, or glass fiber is used. Glass fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of mechanical strength, but thermoplastic resin fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of unevenness followability. Alternatively, thermoplastic resin fibers and glass fibers may be mixed. By doing so, the performance of both fibers can be compromised. In addition, in order to make these fibers into the form of woven fabric or non-woven fabric, they are entangled with adhesives, heat-adhesive fibers, or mechanically to form sheets. For example, the method for forming a sheet is a known method such as a dry method, a spunbond method, a meter blow method, or a wet method. In addition, as a method for bonding fibers together, a thermal bond method (mixing heat-adhesive fibers in fibers and melting them to bond the fibers), a chemical bond method (impregnation method: fibers in an adhesive solution) Bonding is carried out by a known method such as impregnation and drying to bond the fibers, spray method: spray coating with adhesive).
The basis weight of the breathable substrate layer may be at least mechanical strength capable of rotary printing. For example, with a spunbonded nonwoven fabric using a blend of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene, the basis weight is 20 g / m. 2 Good thing.
[0014]
(Release layer)
The release layer 4 is filled with a large number of small holes on the surface of the air-permeable base layer so as to be smooth at least to the extent that it can be printed, has an appropriate peelability from the transfer layer, and is preferably a thin film. The resin for the release layer is basically not particularly limited as long as it has releasability from the transfer layer and can generate fine cracks or provide a suitable thermomechanical strength as a support sheet. In addition, the thickness of a mold release layer is about 5-20 micrometers, for example. If it is too thin, the printed surface cannot be made sufficiently smooth and pattern loss is likely to occur. If it is too thick, fine cracks are difficult to occur.
[0015]
Examples of the resin for the release layer include polyethylene (high density or low density), polypropylene, poly 1-butene, poly 4-methyl-1-pentene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, propylene-butene copolymer, or Polyolefins such as random or block copolymers of α-olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene- Polyolefin resin such as vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-vinyl compound copolymer such as ethylene-vinyl chloride copolymer, or heat of polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene / terephthalate / isophthalate copolymer polyester, polybutylene terephthalate, etc. Plastic polyester resin, police Styrene resins such as lene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylic resins made of various (meth) acrylic esters such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate, or copolymers, nylon 6, nylon 6-6, One or two resins such as polyamide resin such as nylon 6-10, nylon 11 and nylon 12, vinyl chloride resin, vinyl acetate resin, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, silicone resin, epoxy resin, acrylic urethane resin, etc. Used in a mixture of seeds or more.
Among these, the most preferable are polyethylene (high density or low density), polypropylene, poly 1-butene, poly 4-methyl-1-pentene, and polyolefin resin. Adopting polyolefin resin can effectively prevent air accumulation.
[0016]
In order to provide the release layer on the air-permeable base layer, for example, one or two or more types of resins as the release layer may be applied and formed by a single layer or multilayer melt extrusion coating method (extrusion coating). A single layer or multilayer resin sheet as a release layer may be laminated with dry lamination or wet lamination through an adhesive. For example, a two-component curable urethane resin adhesive may be used as the adhesive. In the case of the melt extrusion coating method or the like, an adhesive layer (primer layer) may be provided between the breathable substrate layer and the release layer in order to enhance adhesion.
[0017]
Further, a filler such as silica or precipitated barium sulfate may be added to the release layer so that fine cracks are easily formed in the release layer. Further, after the release layer is formed on the breathable substrate layer by a melt extrusion coating method, the release layer may be easily broken by stretching.
[0018]
(Transfer layer)
The transfer layer 2 has at least a printing ink layer 5 serving as a decoration layer. In addition to the printing ink layer 5, a release layer and the like are appropriately provided as necessary.
[0019]
(Printing ink layer)
The printing ink layer 5 has one or both of a picture layer 6 having a picture pattern and a colored solid layer 7 which is a colored solid layer. These layers are decorative layers.
The printing ink layer may be formed by a conventionally known printing method such as gravure printing, silk screen printing, or offset printing. The pattern of the pattern layer is basically arbitrary such as a wood grain pattern, a stone pattern, a cloth pattern, a tile tone pattern, a brick tone pattern, a leather pattern, a character, a geometric pattern, and the like.
The ink for the printing ink layer is composed of a vehicle composed of a binder and the like, a colorant such as a pigment and a dye, and various additives appropriately added thereto, as in a general ink. For example, as the binder resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, a polyester resin, a cellulose resin, a urethane resin, a fluororesin, or a mixture containing these is used. Colorants include titanium white, carbon black, petal, yellow lead, ultramarine blue and other inorganic pigments, aniline black, quinacridone, isoindolinone, phthalocyanine blue and other organic pigments, titanium dioxide coated mica foil powder, etc. Pigments or other dyes are used.
[0020]
The transfer layer 2 may also include a release layer, an adhesive layer, and the like as components of the transfer layer as necessary, as in the case of conventionally known transfer sheets. The release layer is provided on the side of the transfer layer facing the support sheet, and the adhesive layer is provided on the outermost layer of the transfer layer in the transfer sheet. The release layer is provided for adjusting the peelability between the support sheet and the transfer layer. For the release layer, for example, a resin used for the binder of the decoration layer ink is used.
However, in order to prevent air retention by performing fine cracks in the release layer at the time of forming the transfer sheet, the release layer or the adhesive layer may cover the cracks. In such cases, the release layer It is better not to provide an adhesive layer, particularly an adhesive layer that is generally required to be thicker than the release layer, on the transfer sheet side (provide an adhesive layer on the uneven substrate side). In addition, since the printing ink layer contains a colorant for decoration, when the transfer sheet is stretched, the printing ink layer is easily cracked as well as the release layer.
[0021]
[Adhesive layer]
If the printing ink layer itself cannot transfer and adhere the transfer layer to the uneven substrate, the adhesive layer is preferably provided on the uneven substrate side. Although it can be provided as a part of the transfer layer of the transfer sheet, as described above, the effect of preventing air retention due to the occurrence of cracks in the release layer of the support sheet is easily disturbed. It is preferable to provide in. FIG. 2 shows a case where the adhesive layer A is provided on the uneven substrate B side.
[0022]
As the adhesive layer, a conventionally known thermoplastic resin, curable resin, or the like may be appropriately selected and used depending on applications, required physical properties, and the like. For example, vinyl acetate resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, acrylic resin, thermoplastic polyester resin, polyamide resin, ionomer, thermoplastic resin such as chlorinated polyolefin, phenol resin, block isocyanate curable urethane resin, etc. A thermosetting resin or the like is used as one or a mixture of two or more.
In order to form the adhesive layer on the uneven surface of the uneven substrate, the adhesive layer may be formed by a coating method such as spray coating, curtain coating, or roll coating. Moreover, when forming as a transfer layer, printing methods, such as gravure printing, other than coating methods, such as a gravure coat, may be used. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the thickness of an adhesive bond layer, Usually, it is about 1-100 micrometers.
[0023]
[Uneven substrate]
The uneven substrate B is not particularly limited as long as it is a substrate having an uneven shape on its transfer surface. In particular, when transferring by a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure, the uneven shape may be a two-dimensional uneven surface or a three-dimensional uneven substrate, which is impossible with a conventional roller transfer method using a rubber roller. Two-dimensional irregularities are irregularities having irregularities only in one direction, and three-dimensional irregularities are irregularities having irregularities in two directions, such as vertical and horizontal.
An example of three-dimensional unevenness of the uneven substrate B is shown in the enlarged perspective view of the main part in FIG. The surface irregularities in the figure are examples of tiled joint groove irregularities. The uneven shape of such a large unevenness is such that the step is 1 to 10 mm, the width of the concave portion is 1 to 10 mm, and the width of the convex portion is 5 mm or more.
[0024]
Further, an uneven substrate having an uneven surface having fine unevenness superimposed on large unevenness, or an uneven substrate having a surface to be transferred to the bottom of the recess or the inner side surface of the recess is possible. Specific examples of the concavo-convex pattern of a decorative material having a combination of large unevenness and fine unevenness and having a three-dimensional surface unevenness include, for example, tiles and bricks having joints, grooves, etc. as large unevennesses. It has a two-dimensional array pattern such as stone, and it has a concavo-convex pattern on the spray coating surface such as stucco tone and lysine tone as a fine concavo-convex pattern, and a concavo-convex surface on a stone material such as a granite cleaved surface or travertine marble It has a grain-like uneven pattern, or a large-scale uneven pattern with a siding pattern, grooves, ridges, sap (fruits), etc. An example is a grainy concavo-convex pattern having a hairline or the like.
In addition, the uneven substrate is not only a flat plate material (envelope surface shape) as a whole, but particularly in the case of a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure, the cross-section is a two-dimensional curve that is convex or concave in an arc shape in one direction. It may be a substrate having an uneven surface.
[0025]
There is no limitation in particular in the material of an uneven base material. For example, inorganic, metal-based, wood-based, plastic-based substrates can be used. Specifically, non-ceramic ceramic materials such as calcium silicate, extruded cement, slag cement, ALC (lightweight cellular concrete), GRC (glass fiber reinforced concrete), pulp cement, cedar, firewood, firewood, lawan, teak, etc. Wood materials such as wood veneer, wood plywood, particle board, laminated wood, wood medium density fiberboard (MDF), and other metal materials such as iron, aluminum, copper, earthenware, earthenware, porcelain, set Inorganic materials such as ceramics such as glass, glass and glazing, and resin materials such as polypropylene, ABS resin and phenol resin.
[0026]
In addition, on the surface of these uneven base materials, an easy-adhesion primer for assisting adhesion with an adhesive, a sealer agent that prevents alkali leaching when the uneven base material is an alkaline base material, or fine unevenness on the surface Alternatively, a sealing agent that seals and seals the porous material may be applied. As an easy-adhesion primer, sealer, or sealant, a resin such as isocyanate, two-component cured urethane resin, epoxy resin, acrylic resin, or vinyl acetate resin is applied and formed.
[0027]
[Transfer method used for manufacturing cosmetics]
The transfer method for producing a transfer product such as a decorative material by transferring to a concavo-convex substrate using the transfer sheet of the present invention is basically not particularly limited. Various conventionally known transfer methods may be appropriately selected and employed according to the uneven substrate, application, and the like. Among them, the methods employed in the method for producing a decorative material of the present invention are two transfer methods: a roller transfer method using a heat roller and a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure. Hereinafter, these two methods will be described.
[0028]
[Roller transfer method]
The roller transfer method is a conventional transfer method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-59876, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-139097, etc. However, if a soft material is used for the roller, it can be applied up to a certain degree of surface unevenness. It becomes a simple method that can be done.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram for conceptually explaining the roller transfer method. As the elastic roller R used as the heating roller, a roller in which the periphery of the surface of the rotation axis R1 of a rigid body such as iron is covered with a soft elastic body R2 is usually used. As the elastic body R2, rubber such as silicone rubber, neoprene rubber, fluorine rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, natural rubber or the like is used. In particular, silicone rubber is preferable in terms of heat resistance, durability, elasticity, and the like. In addition, it is preferable to use an elastic body having a JIS standard rubber hardness of 60 ° or less in order to cause the transfer sheet to follow the uneven surface of the uneven substrate. The diameter of the elastic roller is usually about 5 to 20 cm. The elastic roller is also used as a heating roller. The elastic roller is heated by a heating source such as an internal electric heater or an external infrared radiation heater.
[0029]
[Transfer method using solid particle collision pressure]
In this transfer method, as disclosed in JP-A-9-315095, the transfer pressure pressing means itself is a novel transfer method. This transfer method is suitable for large surface irregularities that cannot be applied by the roller transfer method using an elastic roller.
That is, in this transfer method, as shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG. 5, the transfer layer side, which is the adhesive surface side of the transfer sheet S, is directed to the concavo-convex substrate B having the concavo-convex surface. A large number of solid particles P are caused to collide with each other, the transfer pressure is used to press the transfer sheet against the uneven surface of the uneven substrate, and after the transfer layer adheres to the uneven substrate, the support sheet of the transfer sheet Is a method of transferring the transfer layer to the concavo-convex substrate by peeling and removing the film. The transfer sheet S is formed so as to follow the surface uneven shape of the uneven base material B by the collision pressure of a large number of solid particles P, and as a result, transfer is also performed in the concave portions of the surface unevenness. In addition, the arrow attached to the solid particle P represents the velocity vector of the solid particle.
[0030]
As solid particles, inorganic particles such as glass beads, metal particles such as zinc and iron, organic particles such as resin beads such as nylon beads and cross-linked rubber beads, or inorganic / resin composite particles composed of inorganic particles such as metal and resin Etc. The particle shape is preferably spherical, but other shapes can also be used. The particle size is usually about 10 to 1000 μm.
The solid particles are ejected from the ejector toward the transfer sheet, and the collision pressure that collides with the transfer sheet becomes the transfer pressure. As the ejector, an impeller or a blow nozzle is typically used. The impeller accelerates the solid particles by its rotation, and the blowing nozzle accelerates the solid particles by a high-speed fluid flow. As the impeller and the blowout nozzle, those used in the blasting field such as sandblasting, shot blasting, shot peening and the like can be used. For example, the impeller is a centrifugal blasting device, and the blowout nozzle is a pressurizing or suction blasting device, a wet blasting device, or the like. Centrifugal blasting equipment accelerates and ejects solid particles by the rotational force of the impeller. The pressure blasting apparatus mixes with compressed air and ejects solid particles together with air. The suction blast device sucks solid particles into a negative pressure portion generated by a high-speed flow of compressed air and ejects the particles together with air. The wet blasting apparatus jets solid particles mixed with a liquid.
[0031]
FIG.6 and FIG.7 is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the ejector by an impeller. In the impeller 812, a plurality of blades 813 are fixed on both sides by two side plates 814, and the center of rotation is a hollow portion 815 having no blades 813. Further, a direction controller 816 is provided in the hollow portion 815 (see FIG. 7). The direction controller 816 has an opening 817 with a part of the outer periphery opened in the circumferential direction, has a hollow cylindrical shape, has the same rotation axis as the rotation axis of the impeller 812, and rotates independently of the impeller. It is free. When the impeller is used, the direction of the solid particles is adjusted by fixing the opening of the direction controller so as to face in an appropriate direction. Furthermore, another impeller having an inner hollow and the same rotation axis as the rotation axis of the impeller 812 is present inside the direction controller as a spreader 818 (see FIG. 7). The spreader 818 rotates with the outer impeller 812. A rotation shaft 819 is fixed to the rotation center of the side plate 814. The rotation shaft 819 is rotatably supported by a bearing 820 and is driven and rotated by a rotational power source (not shown) such as an electric motor. Rotates. The rotating shaft 819 does not penetrate between the two side plates 814 having the blades 813 therebetween, and forms a space without an axis.
Then, the solid particles P are supplied from the hopper or the like through the transport pipe into the spreader 818. Usually, the solid particles are supplied from above (immediately above or obliquely above) the impeller. The solid particles supplied into the spreader are scattered outside by the impeller of the spreader. The scattered solid particles are discharged only in the direction allowed by the opening 817 of the direction controller 816 and supplied between the blade 813 and the blade 813 of the outer impeller 812. And it collides with the blade | wing 813, is accelerated by the rotational force of the impeller 812, and ejects from an impeller.
The size of the impeller 812 is normally about 5 to 60 cm in diameter, the width of the blade is about 5 to 20 cm, the length of the blade is about the diameter of the impeller, and the rotational speed of the impeller is about 500 to 5000 [rpm]. is there. The ejection speed of solid particles is about 10 to 50 [m / s], and the projection density (total weight of solid particles colliding per unit area of the substrate) is 10 to 150 [kg / m]. 2 ] About.
[0032]
Next, FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an ejector using an ejection nozzle. The ejector 840 in the figure is an example of an ejector that uses a gas such as air as the solid particle accelerating fluid, and injects the gas and the solid particles when the solid particles are ejected. The ejector 840 includes an induction chamber 841 that mixes the solid particles P and the fluid F, an internal nozzle 842 that ejects the fluid into the induction chamber, and an outlet nozzle portion 844 that ejects the solid particles and the fluid from the nozzle opening 843. When the fluid F in a pressurized state from a compressor or the like is ejected from the internal nozzle 842 and ejected from the nozzle opening 843 of the nozzle 844 through the ejection guide chamber 841, the fluid F flows at high speed in the guidance chamber 841 in the ejector. A negative pressure is created by the action of the fluid flow, the solid particles are guided and mixed with the fluid flow by this negative pressure, the solid particles are accelerated and transported by the fluid flow, and ejected from the nozzle opening 843 of the nozzle 844 together with the fluid flow. It is. There are blowout nozzles that use liquid as the solid particle acceleration fluid.
Fluid pressure is usually 0.1 to 10 kg / cm in spraying pressure 2 Degree. The flow rate of the fluid flow is usually about 1 to 20 m / second for a liquid flow, and usually about 5 to 80 m / second for an air flow.
[0033]
A plurality of ejectors are used when the pressure area cannot be formed in a desired shape and size with only one ejector. For example, in order to make the full width in the width direction perpendicular to the feeding direction of the transfer sheet and the concavo-convex base material, a plurality of lines are arranged in a straight line in the width direction, and a straight and wide strip in the width direction The pressure area is shaped. Moreover, in order to lengthen the collision pressure application time, the ejectors are arranged in multiple stages, for example, in two or more rows in the feed direction of the transfer sheet and the concavo-convex substrate. When arranging a plurality, it is preferable that the pressure regions adjacent to each of the ejectors partially overlap each other. The collision pressure of the solid particles can be set non-uniformly, for example, a peak-shaped pressure distribution that is maximum at the center in the width direction orthogonal to the transfer sheet feeding direction and decreases as it approaches the both ends in the width direction. . This setting prevents the air from being embraced inside by causing the pressure bonding to proceed in a stepwise manner from the center to both ends. Of course, the collision pressure is not less than the pressure at which the transfer can be completed completely, and is within an appropriate pressure range below the pressure at which distortion of the transfer sheet, deformation or breakage of the uneven substrate does not occur.
[0034]
Further, when a plurality of ejectors are used, if the envelope surface (cross-sectional shape orthogonal to the conveying direction) of the transferred surface of the concavo-convex substrate is, for example, a cylindrical convex curved surface, each ejector is mainly used. It is also possible to arrange a plurality of ejector orientations so as to cover the normal direction of the envelope surface of the adjacent concavo-convex substrate so that the solid particles collide substantially vertically with respect to the individual collision surfaces.
[0035]
Further, when the transfer is actually performed using the solid particles, the solid particles are preferably recycled without being scattered in the surrounding atmosphere. Therefore, it is preferable to apply a transfer pressure by causing solid particles to collide with the transfer sheet in a chamber that separates the transfer space from the surrounding space. The support sheet may be peeled outside the chamber. Peeling of the support sheet may be performed immediately after the solid particle collision pressure is released or after the transfer layer is in close contact with the concavo-convex substrate and can be peeled without tearing the support sheet. But it ’s okay.
[0036]
Preferably, the transfer sheet is preliminarily heated and softened with an infrared radiation heater or the like to impart stretchability. If the uneven substrate has a large heat capacity, it is preheated in advance, and the heat-bonding adhesive layer is heat activated. In this state, the solid particles are made to collide with the transfer sheet.
Moreover, you may use a heating solid particle and the fluid for solid particle acceleration as a heating fluid for the heating during collision pressure application.
On the other hand, if the transfer sheet is formed by the uneven substrate following the surface shape of the uneven surface, and the transfer layer is sufficiently in contact with the uneven substrate, cooling is promoted by cooling means such as cold air, and heat generated by cooling solidification. Adhesion may be promoted. Cold air is blown from the transfer sheet side or the uneven substrate side. Moreover, a cooling solid particle and a cooling fluid can also be used as a cooling means. The promotion of cooling also prevents the transfer sheet, which is formed by following the inside of the concave portion when the concave-convex base material is a concave-convex surface, from returning when there is a restoring force after releasing the collision pressure.
[0037]
[After painting]
In addition, in order to give durability, a design feeling, etc. to the surface of the decorative material after the transfer, an overcoat layer such as a transparent protective layer may be further applied. What is necessary is just to form a thing according to a use and a required physical property in a topcoat layer. For example, a fluororesin such as polyfluorinated ethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride, an acrylic resin such as polymethyl methacrylate, a silicone resin, one or more of urethane resins, etc. as a binder, and if necessary, benzotriazole, Use paints with UV absorbers such as ultrafine particle cerium oxide, light stabilizers such as hindered amine radical scavengers, lubricants made of particles such as silica and spherical α-alumina, colored pigments, extender pigments, lubricants, etc. And paint. Coating may be performed by a known coating method such as spray coating, curtain coating, roll coating using a soft rubber roller or sponge roller. The film thickness of the overcoat layer is about 1 to 100 μm.
[0038]
[Uses of cosmetic materials]
There is no particular limitation on the use of the decorative material. For example, outer walls such as siding, exteriors such as fences, roofs, gates and windbreak boards, interiors of buildings such as walls, ceilings, and floors, surface decorations for fittings such as window frames, doors, handrails, sills, and duck. It can be used in various fields such as surface decoration of cabinets of low-electricity / OA equipment such as furniture, television receivers, etc., vehicle interior materials such as automobiles, trains, airplanes, and ships. In addition, the shape of the decorative material may be a curved plate, a rod-shaped body, a three-dimensional object, or the like other than a flat plate. For flat plates and curved plates, it is used as a decorative plate.
[0039]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples and comparative examples.
[0040]
[Example 1]
A transfer sheet S as shown in FIG. 1B was produced as follows. A spunbonded nonwoven fabric (weight per unit: 20 g / m) using a blended yarn of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene as the breathable base layer 3 2 Polyethylene resin is coated on one side with a breaking strength of 0.7 kgf / 5 cm width by a melt extrusion coating method (coating amount) 45 g / m 2 The support sheet 1 was formed by coating the material with a release layer 4.
Next, as a transfer layer 2 on the surface of the release layer of this support sheet, a multicolored pattern layer 6 and then a colored solid layer 7 are used as the transfer layer 2 using an ink in which an acrylic urethane resin is a main component resin of a binder and a coloring pigment is added. The transfer sheet S was formed by gravure printing to form a printing ink layer 5 as a decorative layer with a stone pattern. In addition, a petal, isoindolinone, titanium white, and carbon black were used for the coloring pigment. In addition, the printing ink layer can be printed without register misalignment and pattern omission, and the mechanical strength of the breathable substrate layer is sufficient, and the pattern omission that can not be printed in the recess due to the unevenness of its thickness (surface) is released. The layer was completely prevented and the printability of the support sheet was good.
[0041]
On the other hand, as the concavo-convex base material B, as shown in FIG. 3, a 12 mm thick calcium silicate plate having a tiled joint groove shape having a groove width of 7 mm and a groove depth of 2 mm was prepared. Then, a two-component curable urethane resin adhesive (made of acrylic polyol and hexamethylene diisocyanate) colored in gray with titanium white and carbon black is spray-coated on the plate material in advance, and the dilution solvent is added at 60 ° C. for 10 minutes. The adhesive layer was formed by drying.
[0042]
Next, the substrate was placed on the concavo-convex surface of the concavo-convex substrate with the adhesive surface side of the transfer sheet facing, and transferred by a roller transfer method using a heat roller. As the heat roller, an elastic roller having a JIS rubber hardness of 40 degrees, in which the iron core was covered with silicone rubber, was heated to a surface temperature of 180 ° C. and used. The transfer pressure is 4kg / cm 2 It was. Then, the support sheet was peeled off.
As a result, there was no molding failure of the transfer sheet due to the occurrence of air accumulation in the recesses of the concavo-convex substrate, and the moldability was good. Further, no portion (transfer omission) that could not be transferred due to air accumulation was observed, and the appearance of the decorative material was good as the transfer appearance. The obtained decorative material was excellent in design feeling due to the grain pattern of the transfer layer and the uneven shape of the uneven substrate.
[0043]
Further, after the transfer, a two-component curable urethane resin-based paint to which 0.2% by weight of a benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber is added is spray-coated to provide an overcoat layer having a thickness of 10 μm, and then in a 40 ° C. atmosphere for 3 days Curing was carried out to complete the crosslinking and curing of the adhesive and the overcoat layer to obtain a cosmetic material with an overcoat layer.
The printability, moldability, appearance after transfer, etc. are shown in Table 1 together with examples and comparative examples.
[0044]
[Example 2]
Compared to Example 1, except that only the support sheet used for the transfer sheet was changed to the following, the transfer sheet was produced, transferred, post-coated, Produced.
The support sheet used was a wet non-woven fabric (weight per unit area: 25 g / m) using polyethylene terephthalate blend yarn as a breathable substrate layer. 2 An unstretched polypropylene film (weight per unit area: 20 g / m) on one side having a breaking strength of 1.1 kgf / 5 cm width 2 ) Was used to form a release layer by bonding and laminating the corona discharge-treated surface of) by a dry lamination method using a two-component curable urethane resin adhesive.
As a result, the printability at the time of printing the transfer layer and the moldability at the time of transfer were both good, and the appearance of the decorative material was also good with no transfer omission.
[0045]
[Comparative Example 1]
In contrast to Example 1, except that only the support sheet used for the transfer sheet was changed to the following, a transfer sheet was prepared and transferred in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a cosmetic material.
The used support sheet is polypropylene and has a basis weight of 80 g / m. 2 It is a sheet | seat which consists of a single layer of the resin sheet (product manufactured by the melt-extrusion method).
As a result, the printability at the time of printing the transfer layer was good, but the moldability at the time of transfer was poor due to air accumulation, and the appearance of the cosmetic material was poor due to transfer omission at the air reservoir.
[0046]
[Comparative Example 2]
For Example 1, except that only the support sheet used for the transfer sheet was changed to the following, the transfer sheet was prepared, transferred, and the decorative material was prepared in the same manner as Example 1. Tried.
As for the used support sheet, the basis weight of the spunbond nonwoven fabric using a blended yarn of polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene is only 20 g / m. 2 To 12g / m 2 (The breaking strength is reduced to 0.3 kgf / 5 cm width), and the release layer is the same support sheet as in Example 1.
As a result, due to the lack of mechanical strength of the support sheet, the registration of the multi-colored image layer did not match during printing of the transfer layer, and the printability was poor, so that practical printing could not be performed. Therefore, it was not performed after the transfer.
[0047]
Example 3
Compared to Example 1, except that only the support sheet used for the transfer sheet was changed to the following, the transfer sheet was produced, transferred, post-coated, Produced.
The support sheet used has a basis weight of 45 g / m of the release layer formed by the melt extrusion coating method. 2 To 15g / m 2 The breathable substrate layer is the same support sheet as in Example 1, except that
As a result, the influence of the unevenness of the air-permeable substrate layer appeared through the release layer, and pattern omission that could not be printed at a portion occurred during printing of the transfer layer, resulting in poor printability. However, the moldability at the time of transfer was good without air accumulation. However, the appearance of the decorative material was slightly good because non-printed portions due to pattern loss that occurred during printing of the transfer layer were recognized, not transfer loss. However, it can be adopted if the pattern is such that the pattern omission is not noticeable, and it has been confirmed that the transfer sheet can be transferred without omission of transfer due to air accumulation.
[0048]
Example 4
Compared to Example 1, the transfer pressure application method was changed from a roller transfer method using a heat roller to a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure, and the groove depth of the uneven substrate was changed from 2 mm to 4 mm. Others were the same as in Example 1, and a transfer sheet was prepared, transferred, and post-coated to prepare a decorative material.
In addition, the transfer by a solid particle collision pressure used the ejector which used the impeller like FIGS. 6-7 for the ejector. While the uneven substrate with the transfer sheet placed on the uneven surface is transported by a belt conveyor, the transfer sheet and the uneven substrate are heated with hot air at 120 ° C, and then the solid particles from the ejector collide with the transfer sheet. Pressure was applied. In addition, spherical zinc spheres having an average particle diameter of 0.4 mm were used as the solid particles, and the ejection speed of the solid particles was set to 35 [m / s]. And after cooling with cold air of 25 degreeC and the transfer layer adhere | attached on the uneven | corrugated base material, the support body sheet was peeled off and the decorative material was obtained.
As a result, the printability at the time of printing the transfer layer and the moldability at the time of transfer were both good, and the appearance of the decorative material was also good with no transfer omission. In addition, the deeper surface irregularities made the cosmetic material more rich in design.
[0049]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004372864
[0050]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004372864
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
(1) According to the transfer sheet of the present invention, the transfer sheet is formed into the concave portions of the surface irregularities by configuring the support sheet to include a specific air-permeable base layer and a specific release layer. When stretched, the air sandwiched between the transfer sheet and the concavo-convex substrate can easily escape due to the occurrence of minute cracks in the release layer, preventing the occurrence of air accumulation in the concavo-convex recesses of the surface of the concavo-convex substrate . Therefore, it is possible to reliably transfer the sheet by preventing the resulting transfer sheet from being insufficiently formed and from missing the transfer.
(2) According to the method for producing a decorative material of the present invention, by using the transfer sheet, an uneven base material having a relatively shallow surface unevenness can be obtained by a simple roller transfer method using a heat roller. Therefore, transfer can be performed without any transfer failure due to air accumulation.
(3) On the other hand, if a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure is adopted instead of the roller transfer method, even on a rough surface that is impossible with the above roller transfer method, there is no transfer failure due to air accumulation. Can be transferred to.
(4) Further, in each of the above production methods, if post-coating is performed on the transferred layer after transfer, surface properties such as wear resistance of the decorative material can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a form example of a transfer sheet of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram conceptually illustrating transfer onto an uneven substrate by the transfer sheet of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part showing an example of an uneven substrate.
FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram conceptually illustrating a roller transfer method using a heat roller.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram conceptually illustrating a transfer method using solid particle collision pressure.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view conceptually illustrating an example of an ejector using an impeller.
7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the inside of the impeller in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view conceptually illustrating an example of an ejector using an ejection nozzle.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Support sheet
2 Transfer layer
3 Breathable substrate layer
4 Release layer
5 Printing ink layer
6 Pattern layer
7 Colored solid layer
812 impeller
813 feather
814 Side plate
815 Hollow part
816 Directional controller
817 opening
818 Spreader
819 Rotating shaft
820 Bearing
840 Blowout nozzle using blowout nozzle
841 Guide room
842 Internal nozzle
843 Nozzle opening
844 nozzle
A Adhesive layer
B Uneven substrate
C crack
D Cosmetic material
P solid particles
S transfer sheet

Claims (7)

支持体シート上の転写層として、装飾層となる印刷インキ層を少なくとも有する転写シートにおいて、支持体シートが、0.7kgf/5cm以上1.1kgf/5cm以下の破断強度を有する熱可塑性樹脂繊維又は硝子繊維の織布又は不織布からなる通気性基体層と、充填剤を含有するポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層とからなり、該離型層側に転写層を設けて成る、転写シート。In the transfer sheet having at least a printing ink layer as a decoration layer as a transfer layer on the support sheet, the support sheet is a thermoplastic resin fiber having a breaking strength of 0.7 kgf / 5 cm or more and 1.1 kgf / 5 cm or less, or A transfer sheet comprising a breathable substrate layer made of a glass fiber woven or non-woven fabric and a polyolefin resin release layer containing a filler, and a transfer layer provided on the release layer side. 請求項1に記載の転写シートの接着面を、凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材に向けて、該転写シートの支持体シート側から熱ローラで押圧して、転写シートが凹凸基材に接着後、該転写シートの支持体シートを剥離除去することで、転写層を凹凸基材に転写して化粧材とする、化粧材の製造方法。  The adhesive surface of the transfer sheet according to claim 1 is directed to an uneven substrate having an uneven surface, and is pressed with a heat roller from the support sheet side of the transfer sheet, and after the transfer sheet is bonded to the uneven substrate, A method for producing a cosmetic material, wherein the support sheet of the transfer sheet is peeled and removed, whereby the transfer layer is transferred to an uneven substrate to obtain a cosmetic material. 請求項1に記載の転写シートの接着面を、凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材に向けて、該転写シートの支持体シート側に固体粒子を衝突させ、その衝突圧を利用して、凹凸基材の凹凸表面への転写シートの圧接を行い、転写層が凹凸基材に接着後、該転写シートの支持体シートを剥離除去することで、転写層を凹凸基材に転写して化粧材とする、化粧材の製造方法。  The adhesive surface of the transfer sheet according to claim 1 is directed toward an uneven substrate having an uneven surface, solid particles are caused to collide with the support sheet side of the transfer sheet, and the uneven pressure is utilized by utilizing the collision pressure. The transfer sheet is pressed against the concavo-convex surface, and after the transfer layer adheres to the concavo-convex substrate, the transfer sheet is peeled and removed to transfer the transfer layer to the concavo-convex base material to obtain a cosmetic material. , Manufacturing method of cosmetics. 請求項2または請求項3のいずれかに記載の前記転写シートの熱ローラでの押圧工程、または、前記転写シートの圧接工程と、転写層が凹凸基材に接着する工程との間に、前記ポリオレフィン系樹脂の離型層が微細な亀裂を発生し、該亀裂から空気が抜ける工程を有する、化粧材の製造方法 Between the pressing step of the transfer sheet according to any one of claims 2 and 3 with a heat roller, or the pressing step of the transfer sheet, and the step of bonding the transfer layer to the uneven substrate, A method for producing a decorative material, comprising a step in which a release layer of a polyolefin-based resin generates fine cracks and air is released from the cracks . 前記凹凸基材が、段差1〜10mmの凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材である請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の化粧材の製造方法 The method for producing a cosmetic material according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the uneven substrate is an uneven substrate having an uneven surface with a level difference of 1 to 10 mm . 前記凹凸基材が、段差1〜10mmであって、凹部の幅1〜10mmの凹凸表面を有する凹凸基材である請求項2又は3のいずれかに記載の化粧材の製造方法 The method for producing a cosmetic material according to any one of claims 2 and 3, wherein the concavo-convex substrate is a concavo-convex substrate having a concavo-convex surface having a step of 1 to 10 mm and a width of a recess of 1 to 10 mm . 後加工として、転写された転写層上に後塗装を行う、請求項3〜5のいずれかに記載の化粧材の製造方法 The method for producing a cosmetic material according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein post-coating is performed on the transferred transfer layer as post-processing .
JP27682498A 1998-09-30 1998-09-30 Transfer sheet and method for producing cosmetic material using the same Expired - Fee Related JP4372864B2 (en)

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JP5311336B2 (en) * 2008-11-28 2013-10-09 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Thermal head, thermal printer and thermal head manufacturing method
JP5311337B2 (en) * 2008-11-28 2013-10-09 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Thermal head, thermal printer and thermal head manufacturing method
JP5311335B2 (en) * 2008-11-28 2013-10-09 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Manufacturing method of thermal head
JP6460299B2 (en) 2017-02-16 2019-01-30 大日本印刷株式会社 Release member-integrated transfer sheet, method for producing printed matter, method for producing transfer sheet, and print system
JP6866963B2 (en) * 2019-03-29 2021-04-28 大日本印刷株式会社 Manufacturing method of transfer sheet and decorative molded product
CN114096410A (en) 2019-07-01 2022-02-25 阿尔卑斯阿尔派株式会社 Decorative sheet and electrostatic input device
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