JP4350272B2 - Grain grain liquid impregnation treatment method and liquid impregnation treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Grain grain liquid impregnation treatment method and liquid impregnation treatment apparatus Download PDF

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JP4350272B2
JP4350272B2 JP2000166662A JP2000166662A JP4350272B2 JP 4350272 B2 JP4350272 B2 JP 4350272B2 JP 2000166662 A JP2000166662 A JP 2000166662A JP 2000166662 A JP2000166662 A JP 2000166662A JP 4350272 B2 JP4350272 B2 JP 4350272B2
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liquid
grain
grain storage
impregnation
reaction tank
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JP2001346531A (en
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和文 椿
禎祐 嶋田
和之 茂木
宏 杉山
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Adeka Corp
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Adeka Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、穀物粒の液体含浸処理方法及び液体含浸処理装置に関する。本発明によれば、穀物粒の割れを防止し、しかも歩留まり率を向上させることができる。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
穀類(例えば、米、小麦、大豆、及びソバ等)の食品加工の前段階として、穀物粒の洗浄又は剥皮、あるいは、穀物粒の表面又は内部に存在する有害物質又はタンパク質を除去するために、溶液への含浸処理は有効である。また、穀類の加工処理方法の1つとして、蒸煮操作が一般的に行われるが、本処理に先立って蒸煮に用いる溶液によって穀物粒を含浸処理することは、蒸煮の時間短縮又は食味向上に有効であることが知られている。
前記含浸処理は、対象となる穀物粒を溶液に浸け、放置することで実施することができる。しかしながら、工業的に大量の穀物粒を効率よく含浸処理する装置は従来知られておらず、従って、時間短縮、効率のよい作業、あるいは、歩留まり率の向上等の種々の要求を満足する含浸処理装置が望まれている。
【0003】
一方、米、小麦、大豆、及びソバ等には、食物アレルギー患者が摂食することでアレルギー症状を引き起こす有害物質、すなわち、アレルゲン分子が含まれることが知られており、穀類からアレルゲン分子を除去したアレルゲン除去処理穀物粒が、食物アレルギー患者の治療や食事に用いられている。
また、腎臓病で食事療法が必要な患者は、推定で全国に20万人といわれ、現在も増加の一途をたどっている。これらの患者では、低タンパク質化した穀類の摂取がタンパク質摂取量の抑制につながることから、腎臓病患者用として社会的ニーズが高い。
【0004】
これらの要求に対する解決手段として、例えば、米粒にタンパク質分解酵素を含浸処理することでアレルゲン分子を含むタンパク質を除去する、穀物粒アレルギー患者用のアレルゲン低減化穀物粒の製造方法が特公平6−9472号公報に開示されている。同様に、腎臓病患者用の低タンパク質米を得る方法が特開平9−182号公報に開示されている。その他、穀類からのアレルゲン分子の除去方法又は穀粒の低タンパク質化として、アルカリ溶液を利用する方法が特開平7−115920号公報に、そして、塩溶液を利用する方法が特開平5−292904号公報にそれぞれ開示されている。これらの製造方法にて効率よく目的の米粒を得るための装置が、特開平8−187053号公報に開示されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これらの従来公知のアレルゲン低減化米又は低タンパク質米の製造方法では、いずれの方法においても、高い生産効率と、米粒の破砕及び/又は粉末化の発生の抑制とを、同時に満足することができないという問題点があった。すなわち、これらの従来法では、容器に溶液と米粒とを入れて撹拌装置で撹拌したり、あるいは、容器ごと回転させたりして実施するので、反応が効率よく進むという利点はあるが、酵素反応を行う過程で米粒同士がぶつかり合い、機械的な作用によって米粒が破砕又は粉末化してしまう問題点があった。米粒の破砕又は粉末化を防止するためには、米粒を静置することが有効であるが、この場合には、効率よく反応が進まないという欠点があった。
【0006】
また、酵素溶液を用いた低タンパク質米やアレルゲン低減化米の製造方法、あるいは、その他溶液を用いた同処理米の製造方法では、一定量の米に2〜10倍程度の溶液を加えて処理することが必要である。従って、実際の製造工程では、処理槽に米粒と処理溶液とを充填して一定時間処理することになるので、反応槽の容積に対して充填可能な米粒の量は1/2以下となってしまい、非効率という問題点がある。例えば、特開平8−187053号公報に開示の装置では、本発明者が実施したところによれば、酵素溶液は米粒の4倍以上の容積が必要であり、反応槽に充填可能な米粒は、反応槽の容量の1/4以下となっている。
【0007】
本発明者は、穀物粒を、その粒形を保持したまま、液体にて効率よく含浸処理することのできる方法及び装置について、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、穀物粒を静置させて含浸処理を行なう際に、少なくとも1回以上、穀物粒を含浸処理用液体と非接触の状態にする(好ましくは、穀物粒と液体との接触及び非接触を複数回繰り返す)と、穀物粒と液体とを単に接触させたまま反応させた場合に比較して、効率よく反応が進み、しかも、穀物粒の粒形を保持することができることを新たに見出した。
従って、本発明の課題は、穀物粒を、その粒形を保持したまま、液体にて効率よく含浸処理することのできる方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本明細書は、アルカリ水溶液、酸水溶液、タンパク質分解酵素溶液、及び塩溶液からなる群から選択されるアレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液中に穀物粒を静置する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記穀物粒を前記処理用溶液と非接触の状態にすることを特徴とする、穀物粒のアレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理方法であって、前記非接触の状態を、複数の比較的長い時間の接触工程のそれぞれの間に、(1)0.5分間〜1時間の比較的長い時間の非接触工程、又は(2)5〜25秒の比較的短い時間の非接触工程、及び5〜25秒の比較的短い時間の接触工程との組合せを複数回繰り返す工程、を挿入することによって行なう、前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理方法を開示する
【0009】
また、本明細書は、(1)アルカリ水溶液、酸水溶液、タンパク質分解酵素溶液、及び塩溶液からなる群から選択されるアレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液の流入及び流出が可能な穀物粒収容部を有する穀物粒収容手段;
(2)前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液を貯留可能であり、前記穀物粒収容手段の穀物粒収容部を静置状態で収容可能であり、しかも、前記穀物粒の含浸処理が可能な液体貯留反応槽;
(3)前記の穀物粒収容手段及び/又は前記の液体貯留反応槽を移動させることにより、
(イ)前記穀物粒収容手段の穀物粒収容部が、前記の液体貯留反応槽内部に収容され、その液体貯留反応槽内に充填された前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液に浸漬された接触状態
と、
(ロ)前記穀物粒収容手段の穀物粒収容部が、前記の液体貯留反応槽に充填された前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液と分離された非接触状態
とを相互に変更することのできる移動手段;及び
(4)前記の液体貯留反応槽内にて、前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液中で、前記穀物粒収容手段の穀物粒収容部中の穀物粒を静置させた前記接触状態で実施する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記穀物粒と前記アレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理用溶液とを分離させて前記の非接触状態にし、再度、前記の接触状態に復帰させる前記移動手段の動作を制御する制御手段;
を含み、前記制御手段における前記移動手段の動作制御において、前記非接触状態を、複数の比較的長い時間の接触工程のそれぞれの間に、
(イ)0.5分間〜1時間の比較的長い時間の非接触工程、又は
(ロ)5〜25秒の比較的短い時間の非接触工程、及び5〜25秒の比較的短い時間の接触工程との組合せを複数回繰り返す工程、
を挿入することによって行なうことを特徴とする、穀物粒のアレルゲン低減化又は低タンパク質化処理装置(以下、本発明による第1の装置と称することがある)を開示する。
更に、本発明は、含浸処理用液体を貯留可能であり、しかも、前記穀物粒の含浸処理が可能な穀物粒収容反応槽に備えた穀物粒収容部に、穀物粒を静置状態で収容し、
液体供給充填手段によって、前記穀物粒収容部に、含浸処理用液体を供給することによって、その穀物粒収容部内に含浸処理用液体を充填して、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が含浸処理用液体に浸漬された接触状態にし、そして液体排出手段によって、前記の穀物粒収容部から、含浸処理用液体を排出し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が前記含浸処理用液体と接触しない非接触状態にする、
ことを含む、穀物粒の液体含浸処理方法であって、
前記穀物粒収容部中の穀物粒を静置させた前記接触状態で実施する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記液体排出手段によって前記含浸処理用液体を前記穀物粒収容部から排除し、再度、液体供給充填手段によって前記の接触状態に復帰させることを特徴とする、前記穀物粒の液体含浸処理方法にも関する。
【0010】
更に、本発明は、(1)穀物粒を静置状態で収容可能な穀物粒収容部を有し、含浸処理用液体を貯留可能であり、しかも、前記穀物粒の含浸処理が可能な穀物粒収容反応槽;
(2)前記の穀物粒収容部に含浸処理用液体を供給し、その穀物粒収容部内に含浸処理用液体を充填し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が含浸処理用液体に浸漬された接触状態にすることのできる液体供給充填手段;
(3)前記の穀物粒収容部から、含浸処理用液体を排出し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が前記含浸処理用液体と接触しない非接触状態にすることのできる液体排出手段;
(4)前記の穀物粒収容反応槽内にて、前記の液体供給充填手段によって充填され、含浸処理用液体中で、前記穀物粒収容部中の穀物粒を静置させた前記接触状態で実施する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記液体排出手段によって前記含浸処理用液体を前記穀物粒収容部から排除し、再度、液体供給充填手段によって前記の接触状態に復帰させる動作を制御する制御手段;
を含むことを特徴とする、穀物粒の液体含浸処理装置(以下、本発明による第2の装置と称することがある)にも関する。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の処理方法及び処理装置は、含浸処理用液体による穀物粒の含浸処理を、その粒形を保持したまま、効率よく実施することのできる方法及び装置である。
前記処理の対象となる穀物粒は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、食品加工に使用される種々の穀類、例えば、イネ科植物、タデ科植物、又は豆科植物の種子又はその一部を挙げることができる。より具体的には、イネ科植物としては、例えば、小麦、大麦、ライ麦、若しくはオーツ麦等の麦類、餅米、粳米、若しくはインディカ米等の米類、餅種若しくは粳種のヒエ、キビ、若しくはアワ等の雑穀物粒、又はトウモロコシ若しくはモロコシを挙げることができ、タデ科植物としては、例えば、ソバ又はアマランサスを挙げることができ、豆科植物としては、例えば、大豆、小豆、ヒヨク豆、緑豆、シカク豆、又はソラマメを挙げることができる。
【0012】
また、前記処理に使用する含浸処理用液体は、処理対象である穀物粒の種類及びその処理の内容に応じて、適宜選択することができる。例えば、穀物粒のアレルゲン低減化処理又は低タンパク質化処理を実施する場合には、前記アレルゲン低減化処理又は低タンパク質化処理に使用することのできる種々の溶液、例えば、水、アルカリ水溶液、酸水溶液、タンパク質分解酵素溶液、又は塩溶液を挙げることができる。本発明による処理方法及び処理装置は、アレルゲン低減化処理又は低タンパク質化処理に特に適した方法及び装置であり、アレルギー患者用のアレルゲン低減化穀物粒、又は腎臓病患者用の低タンパク質穀物粒の製造に特に適した方法及び装置である。
【0013】
本発明の処理方法では、含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に(すなわち、途中に)、少なくとも1回以上、穀物粒を含浸処理用液体と非接触の状態にする。
本明細書において、「接触状態」、すなわち、穀物粒が含浸処理用液体と「接触」している状態とは、処理対象である穀物粒の全部が含浸処理用液体中に完全に沈んだ状態、すなわち、穀物粒の全部が、含浸処理用液体の水面下に位置する状態を意味する。
一方、本明細書において、「非接触状態」、すなわち、穀物粒が含浸処理用液体と「非接触」である状態とは、処理対象である穀物粒の全部が含浸処理用液体の外部(例えば、大気中)にある状態を意味する。なお、含浸処理用液体中に沈んだ状態の穀物粒を、前記含浸処理用液体から取り出した直後には、前記穀物粒の表面は含浸処理用液体で濡れた状態になっているが、この状態も、前記「非接触状態」に含まれる。
【0014】
本発明の処理方法においては、(1)比較的長い時間の接触工程、(2)比較的長い時間の非接触工程、(3)比較的短い時間の接触工程、及び/又は(4)比較的短い時間の非接触工程を任意に組み合わせて実施することができる。
【0015】
前記の「比較的長い時間の接触工程」では、穀物粒に含浸処理用液体が実質的に含浸するのに充分な時間に亘って、穀物粒を含浸処理用液体中に静置することができる。「穀物粒に含浸処理用液体が実質的に含浸するのに充分な時間」は、例えば、処理対象である穀物粒の種類や実施する含浸処理の種類などに応じて変動するので、一義的に定義することはできないが、例えば、米粒をアルカリ処理又は酵素処理する場合には、通常、10分間〜4時間(好ましくは20分間〜2時間、より好ましくは20分間〜40分間)である。
なお、本工程における前記「静置」とは、含浸処理を実施する反応槽に対して、処理対象である穀物粒を静置させることを意味し、含浸処理用液体に対して、穀物粒を静置させることを必ずしも意味しない。例えば、本発明方法においては、処理対象である穀物粒の粒形への影響を排除するために、通常、含浸処理用液体を静止させた状態で本工程を実施するが、所望により、含浸処理液体をゆっくりと(すなわち、穀物粒の粒形の保持に影響を与えない程度の低い速度で)撹拌又は循環させた状態でも本工程を実施することができる。後者の場合には、処理対象である穀物粒は、含浸処理を実施する反応槽に対して静置しているものの、含浸処理用液体に対しては静置していない。
【0016】
前記の「比較的長い時間の非接触工程」の継続時間は、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは0.5分間〜1時間、より好ましくは0.5分間〜10分間、更に好ましくは0.5分間〜2分間であることができる。
【0017】
前記の「比較的短い時間の接触工程」は、その直前の液体非接触工程と、その直後の液体非接触工程との間に実施する短期的且つ遷移的な接触工程である。本工程の継続時間は、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは5秒間〜25秒間、より好ましくは10秒間〜20秒間であることができる。
【0018】
前記の「比較的短い時間の非接触工程」は、その直前の液体接触工程と、その直後の液体接触工程との間に実施する短期的且つ遷移的な接触工程である。本工程の継続時間は、特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは5秒間〜25秒間、より好ましくは10秒間〜20秒間であることができる。
【0019】
本発明の処理方法においては、複数の「比較的長い時間の接触工程」のそれぞれの間に、(1)「比較的長い時間の接触工程」、及び/又は(2)「比較的短い時間の接触工程」と「比較的短い時間の非接触工程」とからなる組合せを1サイクルとし、そのサイクルを複数回繰り返す工程を、任意に挿入することができる。
【0020】
本発明の処理方法における接触工程及び非接触工程の実施パターンは、これに限定されるものではないが、例えば、
(A)比較的長い時間の接触工程(好ましくは20分間〜40分間)と比較的長い時間の非接触工程(好ましくは0.5分間〜2分間)とからなる組合せを1サイクルとし、そのサイクルを複数回繰り返した後、最後に、比較的長い時間の接触工程(好ましくは20分間〜40分間)を実施するパターン(例えば、後述する実施例1及び実施例3);又は
(B)比較的長い時間の接触工程(好ましくは20分間〜40分間)と、比較的短い時間の非接触工程(好ましくは10秒間〜20秒間)及び比較的短い時間の接触工程(好ましくは10秒間〜20秒間)からなる組合せを1サイクルとし、そのサイクルを複数回(好ましくは3回〜5回)繰り返す工程とを、相互に繰り返した後、最後に、比較的長い時間の接触工程(好ましくは20分間〜40分間)を実施するパターン(例えば、後述する実施例2)
を挙げることができる。
【0021】
本発明の処理方法において、液体接触工程から液体非接触工程への移行方法、及び液体非接触工程から液体接触工程への移行方法は、処理対象である穀物粒の粒形を保持したまま(すなわち、穀物粒の破砕又は粉末化を発生させることなく)移行可能である限り、特に限定されるものでない。以下、本発明による第1の装置を用いて実施する本発明方法、及び本発明による第2の装置を用いて実施する本発明方法について、図面に基づいて更に説明する。
【0022】
図1は、本発明による第1の装置の一態様を模式的に示す説明図である。本発明による第1の装置10は、穀物粒収容手段としての穀物粒収容槽11と、前記穀物粒収容槽11の下方に位置する液体貯留反応槽12と、前記穀物粒収容槽11を上下に(図1中の矢印Aの方向)移動することのできる移動手段13と、この移動手段13の上下運動を制御することのできる制御手段14とを含む。
【0023】
前記穀物粒収容槽11の材質及び形状は、含浸処理用液体2を貯留した液体貯留反応槽12内に移動した際に、含浸処理用液体2が、穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aの内部に流入し、逆に、液体貯留反応槽12の外へ移動した際に、含浸処理用液体2が穀物粒収容部11aから完全に排出されるように流出可能である限り、特に限定されるものでなく、例えば、網状、かご状、又は袋状の形状を挙げることができる。内部に充填した穀物粒の破砕又は粉末化を防止することができる点で、形状が変化しないことが好ましい。
【0024】
前記液体貯留反応槽12は、含浸処理用液体2を貯留可能であり、しかも、穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aを静止状態で収容可能である。穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11a内に収容した状態の穀物粒1を、含浸処理用液体2により液体貯留反応槽12内で含浸処理することが可能である。なお、含浸処理用液体2は、供給管17により液体貯留反応槽12に供給され、排出管18により液体貯留反応槽12から排出される。
【0025】
前記移動手段13は、穀物粒収容槽11の上部に着脱可能に連結されたワイヤー15と、そのワイヤー15の巻き上げ及び巻き戻しを行なうことのできるウインチ16とからなる。前記ウインチ16により前記ワイヤー15の巻き上げ及び巻き戻しを行なうことにより、穀物粒収容槽11を上下に移動することができる。例えば、ウインチ16によりワイヤー15を巻き上げると、液体貯留反応槽12内の含浸処理用液体2中に、穀物粒1を充填した穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aを沈めることができる(この状態を図1において破線11’で示す)。また、ウインチ16によりワイヤー15を巻き戻すと、前記含浸処理用液体2中から前記穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aを取り出すことができる。
【0026】
本発明による第1の装置に用いることのできる移動手段は、穀物粒収容槽の穀物粒収容部を、液体貯留反応槽の内部に搬入し、含浸処理用液体に浸漬された接触状態にすることができ、しかも、液体貯留反応槽の内部から液体貯留反応槽の外部へ搬出し、含浸処理用液体と分離された非接触状態にすることができる限り、特に限定されるものではなく、図1に示すような穀物粒収容槽11を上下に移動する移動手段13以外にも、例えば、図1に示すように穀物粒収容槽11の下方に液体貯留反応槽が位置する場合には、液体貯留反応槽を上下に移動する移動手段であることができる。あるいは、穀物粒収容槽又は液体貯留反応槽のいずれか一方のみを移動させることのできるこれらの移動手段を併用することにより、穀物粒収容槽及び液体貯留反応槽の両方を移動させることもできる。
【0027】
図1に示す本発明による第1の装置10では、例えば、以下に示す手順により、本発明の処理方法を実施することができる。
すなわち、穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aに、処理対象である穀物粒1を充填した後、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を下方へ移動させ、含浸処理用液体2を満たした液体貯留反応槽12内に、穀物粒収容部11aを完全に沈め、その状態で静置する。所定時間が経過した後、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を上方へ移動させ、液体貯留反応槽12から穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aを取り出す。所定時間が経過した後、再び、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を下方へ移動させ、液体貯留反応槽12内に穀物粒収容部11aを沈め、所定時間が経過した後、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を上方へ移動させ、液体貯留反応槽12から穀物粒収容槽11の穀物粒収容部11aを取り出す。以下、必要な回数だけ、穀物粒収容槽11の下方移動による、液体貯留反応槽12内への搬入と、穀物粒収容槽11の上方移動による、液体貯留反応槽12からの搬出とを繰り返した後、最後に再び、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を下方へ移動させ、液体貯留反応槽12内に穀物粒収容部11aを沈め、その状態で静置する。所定時間が経過したところで、本発明の処理方法が完了する。
処理後の穀物粒1は、そのまま次工程(例えば、洗浄工程)へ使用可能である。
【0028】
なお、この場合、液体貯留反応槽12内の含浸処理用液体2として、前記処理の全工程に亘って、同一液体のみを使用することもできるし、あるいは、複数種の液体(例えば、アルカリ水溶液、酸水溶液、タンパク質分解酵素溶液、又は塩溶液)を使用することもできる。また、同一液体又は複数の液体により含浸処理を実施した後、続いて、洗浄用液体(例えば、水)を使用することにより、単一の液体貯留反応槽において前記含浸処理及び洗浄処理の両方を行なうことができる。
また、液体貯留反応槽12内の液体に適宜、溶質を添加し、溶液量を変化させることなく、溶質の濃度を変えて反応を制御(例えば、促進又は抑制)することができる。
更には、複数個の液体貯留反応槽を用意し、穀物粒収容槽を移動させることによって、複数の液体との反応を連続的に実施することができる。
【0029】
本発明による第1の装置においては、処理後の穀物粒を洗浄するために、液体貯留反応槽に洗浄水を供給し、オーバーフローにて洗浄水を排出することができるように、液体貯留反応槽には、洗浄水を供給する供給管と、洗浄水を排出するオーバーフロー排出管とを装着することが好ましい。前記の洗浄水供給管は、含浸処理用液体用の供給管17と兼用することができる。
また、液体貯留反応槽に、含浸処理しやすい温度に制御することのできる加温装置及び/又は冷却装置を内装することもできる。また、液体貯留反応槽に、含浸処理用液体を混合させるため、槽内を撹拌する回転翼、あるいは、槽内の含浸処理用液体を循環させる循環手段を内装することもできる。なお、前記回転翼は、含浸処理を実施している穀物粒の形状の保持に影響を与えない程度の低い回転速度で撹拌を実施可能であることが必要である。また、前記循環手段は、含浸処理を実施している穀物粒の形状の保持に影響を与えない程度の水流速度で循環を実施可能であることが必要である。
【0030】
図2は、本発明による第2の装置の一態様を模式的に示す説明図である。本発明による第2の装置20は、穀物粒収容反応槽21と、含浸処理用液体2を貯液することのできる貯液槽22と、前記穀物粒収容反応槽21と前記貯液槽22との間をそれぞれ連結する供給管23a及び排出管23bと、前記供給管23a及び前記排出管23bの途中にそれぞれ設けられた送液ポンプ24a,24bと、前記供給管23a及び排出管23bに設けられた各バルブ(図示していない)並びに前記送液ポンプ24a,24bを制御することのできる制御手段25とを含む。
【0031】
図2に示す本発明による第2の装置20では、貯液槽22、供給管23a、及び送液ポンプ24aが、液体供給充填手段として機能する。すなわち、制御手段25の制御により、前記供給管23aを介して貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aへ、貯液槽22内の含浸処理用液体2を供給することができる。
一方、貯液槽22、排出管23b、及び送液ポンプ24bが、液体排出手段として機能する。すなわち、制御手段25の制御により、前記排出管23bを介して穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aから貯液槽22へ、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内の含浸処理用液体2を排出することができる。
【0032】
穀物粒収容反応槽21及び貯液槽22の材質としては、穀物粒の液体含浸処理用の反応槽に一般に使用される材質、例えば、金属又はプラスチックを用いることができる。穀物粒収容反応槽21の底部には、含浸処理用液体2の排出を効率よく進行させるために、図2に示すように、含浸処理用液体2が通過可能であり、且つ穀物粒1が落下しない程度の細孔を有する隔壁26(例えば、網又は板)を設け、排液室27となっていることが好ましい。
【0033】
図2に示す本発明による第2の装置20では、例えば、以下に示す手順により、本発明の処理方法を実施することができる。
すなわち、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aに、処理対象である穀物粒1を充填した後、含浸処理用液体2を貯液している貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内へ、供給管23aを介して、含浸処理用液体2を注液する。穀物粒1の全部が含浸処理用液体2の水面下となるまで、前記注液を行ない、注液完了後、その状態で静置する。所定時間が経過した後、排出管23bを介して、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aから貯液槽22へ含浸処理用液体2を完全に排出する。所定時間が経過した後、再び、供給管23aを介して、貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内へ含浸処理用液体2を注液し、所定時間が経過した後、排出管23bを介して、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aから貯液槽22へ含浸処理用液体2を排出する。以下、必要な回数だけ、含浸処理用液体2の供給と含浸処理用液体2の排出とを繰り返した後、最後に再び、供給管23aを介して、貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内へ含浸処理用液体2を注液し、注液完了後、その状態で静置する。所定時間が経過したところで、本発明の処理方法が完了する。
処理後の穀物粒1は、そのまま次工程(例えば、洗浄工程)へ使用可能である。
【0034】
本発明による第2の装置においては、図2に示すように、穀物粒収容反応槽21から貯液槽22へ含浸処理用液体2を送液可能な排出管23bを設けることにより、穀物粒収容反応槽21内に一度供給した含浸処理用液体2を、一時的に貯液し、再び、穀物粒収容反応槽21内に供給する(すなわち、含浸処理用液体を繰り返して再利用する)ことのできる貯液槽22を設けることが、含浸処理用液体のコストの点で好ましいが、穀物粒収容反応槽21から排出管23bにより送液される含浸処理用液体2を、装置外(例えば、廃液処理系)に排出することもできる。
【0035】
本発明による第2の装置においては、穀物粒収容反応槽と貯液槽との間の含浸処理用液体の移送手段として、図2に示す供給管23a及び排出管23bのように別々に設けることもできるし、あるいは、穀物粒収容反応槽と貯液槽との間を両方向に移送可能な供給及び排出兼用管を設けることもできる。
また、貯液槽から穀物粒収容反応槽への送液は、図2に示すように、穀物粒収容反応槽21の上部に設けた散水管28から含浸処理用液体2を供給することもできるし、あるいは、底部又は側面部から供給することもできる。
更に、含浸処理によって穀物粒から剥離した物質が、穀物粒収容反応槽の底部に集積することから、排出管23bは、穀物粒収容反応槽21の底面以外と接続していることが好ましい。例えば、排出管23bの吸入口29は、図2に示すように、穀物粒収容反応槽21の底面から離れた位置に設けることが好ましい。なお、穀物粒収容反応槽から含浸処理用液体を完全に排出した際に、穀物粒収容反応槽に充填された穀物粒の全部が含浸処理用液体と非接触状態にあることが必要であるので、排出管23bの吸入口29は、穀物粒収容反応槽に充填した際に最も下方に位置する穀物粒よりも下の位置に設ける必要がある。
【0036】
本発明による第2の装置においては、処理後の穀物粒を洗浄するために、穀物粒収容反応槽から貯液槽に含浸処理用液体を回収した後、穀物粒収容反応槽に洗浄水を供給し、オーバーフローにて洗浄水を排出することができるように、穀物粒収容反応槽には、洗浄水を供給する供給管と、洗浄水を排出するオーバーフロー排出管とを装着することが好ましい。前記の洗浄水供給管は、含浸処理用液体用の供給管23aと兼用することができる。
また、穀物粒収容反応槽及び/又は貯液槽に、含浸処理しやすい温度に制御することのできる加温装置及び/又は冷却装置を内装することもできる。
また、穀物粒収容反応槽及び/又は貯液槽に、含浸処理用液体を混合させるため、槽内を撹拌する回転翼、あるいは、槽内の含浸処理用液体を循環させる循環手段を内装することもできる。なお、前記回転翼は、含浸処理を実施している穀物粒の形状の保持に影響を与えない程度の低い回転速度で撹拌を実施可能であることが必要である。また、前記循環手段は、含浸処理を実施している穀物粒の形状の保持に影響を与えない程度の水流速度で循環を実施可能であることが必要である。
更に、穀物粒収容反応槽及び/又は貯液槽に、含浸処理しやすい圧力に制御することのできる減圧装置を内装することもできる。減圧装置を設ける場合には、穀物粒収容反応槽、貯液槽、並びに含浸処理用液体の供給管及び排出管が、含浸処理しやすい圧力を保持できるように、密閉可能であることが必要である。
【0037】
本発明による第2の装置においては、貯液槽の容積は、穀物粒収容反応槽の容積の10%〜10倍、好ましくは20%〜8倍、更に好ましくは1倍〜6倍であることができる。
また、処理後の穀物粒の取り出しを容易とするため、穀物粒収容反応槽が90°の角度まで傾けられるか、あるいは、底部が開放型となっていて処理穀物粒を取り出しやすい構造とすることが好ましい。あるいは、処理する穀物粒を、含浸処理用液体が自由に出入り可能なカゴ状の容器に充填し、これを穀物粒収容反応槽に挿入して処理し、反応及び洗浄終了後、穀物粒収容反応槽より処理カゴを引き上げる方法で処理物を取り出すこともできる。
更には、処理中に貯液槽の液体に適宜、溶質を添加し、溶液量を変化させることなく、溶質の濃度を変えて反応を制御(例えば、促進又は抑制)することができる。
【0038】
これまで説明したとおり、本発明の装置(本発明による第1の装置及び本発明による第2の装置を含む)は、含浸処理対象である穀物粒と、その処理に用いる含浸処理用液体とを分離することができ、少なくとも1回以上、穀物粒を含浸処理用液体と非接触の状態にする(好ましくは、穀物粒に対する含浸処理用液体の接触及び非接触を複数回繰り返す)ことにより、効率よく含浸処理穀物粒を得ることを特徴とする。
アレルゲン低減化処理又は低タンパク質化処理では、効率よくタンパク質除去反応を進める目的と、穀物粒表面の損傷や溶解を防止する目的とから、通常、酵素又はその他処理に用いる薬剤の濃度を比較的低く保つ必要があり、処理する穀物粒の容量に対して用いる含浸処理用液体の容量は倍以上の容量が必要となる。従って、従来装置の場合、例えば、穀物粒収容反応槽に穀物粒と含浸処理用液体とを入れて容器を撹拌するか、あるいは、内部撹拌装置で撹拌するか、あるいは、穀物粒を静置したまま溶液を循環させるかのいずれの場合においても、処理可能な穀物粒の量は反応容器の1/2以下と効率の悪いものであった。
【0039】
それに対して、本発明の装置(本発明による第1の装置及び本発明による第2の装置を含む)は、処理対象である穀物粒と、処理に用いる含浸処理用液体とを分離することを特徴としており、収容槽の容積とほぼ同じ量の穀物粒を、収容槽に収納して含浸処理することが可能である。但し、吸水膨潤により穀物粒の体積が増加することを考慮する必要があるので、例えば、収容槽の容積に対して、収納する穀物量を70〜95%とすることが必要である。
従って、本発明装置によれば、従来装置よりも効率よく一度に大量の処理穀物粒を得ることができ、本発明装置は、酵素溶液、酸、又はアルカリ溶液を用いたアレルゲン低減化処理又は低タンパク質化処理に特に適した装置である。
【0040】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を具体的に説明するが、これらは本発明の範囲を限定するものではない。
【実施例1】
本実施例では、本発明による第2の装置を使用する本発明方法により、アルカリ処理アレルゲン低減化米を製造した。なお、本実施例に用いた第2の装置は、(イ)穀物粒収容反応槽21に直接、穀物粒1を収容する代わりに、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21aに収容可能であり、しかも、含浸処理用液体の流入及び流出が可能な「処理かご」に穀物粒1を収容した状態で、穀物粒収容反応槽21に収容すること、及び(ロ)穀物粒収容反応槽21が、その内部の気密性を保持することのできる上蓋を備えていること以外は、図2に示す本発明による第2の装置20と基本的に同一の構成からなる。
【0041】
具体的には、処理かごにコシヒカリ生米粒8kgを入れ、容積が10Lである穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内に配置し、穀物粒収容反応槽21の蓋を閉めた。コシヒカリ生米粒の量は、穀物粒収容反応槽21の容積の80%であった。一方、貯液槽22にて100mmol/L水酸化カリウム溶液40Lを処理溶液として調製し、温度を40℃に加温した。前記処理溶液を穀物粒収容反応槽21へ送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21を処理溶液で満たすことにより、穀物粒収容反応槽21内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と接触状態とし、脱気を30分間行なった。続いて、処理溶液を穀物粒収容反応槽21から貯液槽22へ送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と非接触状態とした。非接触状態となってから1分間経過した後、再び貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21へ処理溶液を送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21を溶液で満たして接触状態とし、30分間放置した。米粒と処理溶液との接触時間が、合計4時間となるまで、これらの操作(すなわち、穀物粒収容反応槽21から貯液槽22への送液操作、及び貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21への送液操作)を繰り返した。次に、水道水にて処理米粒を一昼夜(24時間)水洗した後、乾燥することにより、乾燥させた処理米(以下、「処理米A1」と称する)を得た。
【0042】
【実施例2】
本実施例では、本発明による第1の装置を使用する本発明方法により、アルカリ処理アレルゲン低減化米を製造した。なお、本実施例に用いた第1の装置は、穀物粒収容反応槽21が、その内部の気密性を保持することのできる上蓋を備えていること以外は、図1に示す本発明による第1の装置10と基本的に同一の構成からなる。
【0043】
すなわち、穀物粒収容槽11に、コシヒカリ精白米粒2kgを入れた後、移動手段13により液体貯留反応槽12内に配置し、液体貯留反応槽12の蓋を閉めた。一方、貯液槽(図1には図示されていない)にて100mmol/L水酸化カリウム溶液10Lを処理溶液として調製し、温度を40℃に加温した。前記処理溶液を供給管17を介して液体貯留反応槽12へ送液し、液体貯留反応槽12を処理溶液で満たすことにより、液体貯留反応槽12内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と接触状態とし、脱気を30分間行なった後、液体貯留反応槽12の蓋を開放した。続いて、移動手段13による穀物粒収容槽11の持ち上げ(すなわち、コシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と非接触状態にする)と、移動手段13による穀物粒収容槽11の降下(すなわち、再び、コシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と接触状態にする)とからなるサイクルを、2分間、複数回繰り返した。この2分間におけるサイクル数は、4回であった。続いて、移動手段13により穀物粒収容槽11を液体貯留反応槽12へ戻し、溶液との接触状態を30分間保った。米粒と処理溶液との接触時間が、合計2時間となるまで、前記サイクルの繰り返し(2分間)と溶液との接触工程(30分間)とを繰り返した。次に、水道水にて処理米粒を一昼夜(24時間)水洗した後、乾燥することにより、乾燥させた処理米(以下、「処理米A2」と称する)を得た。
【0044】
【実施例3】
本実施例では、前記実施例1で使用したのと同じ本発明による第2の装置を使用する本発明方法により、酵素処理低タンパク質米を製造した。
すなわち、処理かごにコシヒカリ精白米粒8kgを入れ、穀物粒収容反応槽21の穀物粒収容部21a内に配置し、穀物粒収容反応槽21の蓋を閉めた。一方、貯液槽22にて酵素溶液16Lを処理溶液として調製した。酵素溶液は、水道水16Lに、プロテアーゼS(天野製薬社製)を0.1%となるように加え、pHを9.0に調整することにより調製した後、温度を55℃に加温した。前記処理溶液を穀物粒収容反応槽21へ送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21を処理溶液で満たすことにより、穀物粒収容反応槽21内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と接触状態とし、脱気を30分間行なった。続いて、処理溶液を穀物粒収容反応槽21から貯液槽22へ送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と非接触状態とした。非接触状態となってから1分間経過した後、再び貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21へ処理溶液を送液し、穀物粒収容反応槽21を溶液で満たして接触状態とし、30分間放置した。米粒と処理溶液との接触時間が、合計20時間となるまで、これらの操作(すなわち、穀物粒収容反応槽21から貯液槽22への送液操作、及び貯液槽22から穀物粒収容反応槽21への送液操作)を繰り返した。次に、水道水にて処理米粒を一昼夜(24時間)水洗した後、乾燥することにより、乾燥させた処理米(以下、「処理米E1」と称する)を得た。
【0045】
【比較例1】
本比較例では、処理かごの持ち上げと降下とからなるサイクルを実施しないこと以外は、実施例2の操作を繰り返すことにより、アルカリ処理アレルゲン低減化米を製造した。
すなわち、穀物粒収容槽11に、コシヒカリ精白米粒2kgを入れ、移動手段13により液体貯留反応槽12内に配置し、液体貯留反応槽12の蓋を閉めた。一方、貯液槽(図1には図示されていない)にて100mmol/L水酸化カリウム溶液10Lを処理溶液として調製し、温度を40℃に加温した。前記処理溶液を液体貯留反応槽12へ送液し、液体貯留反応槽12を処理溶液で満たすことにより、液体貯留反応槽12内のコシヒカリ米粒を処理溶液と接触状態とし、脱気を30分間行なった。液体貯留反応槽12の蓋を開放して、そのまま40℃にて1.5時間放置(米粒と溶液との合計接触時間=2時間)した。次に、水道水にて処理米粒を一昼夜(24時間)水洗した後、乾燥することにより、乾燥させた処理米(以下、「処理米T1」と称する)を得た。
【0046】
【評価】
(1)タンパク質量の測定
前記実施例1〜3で得られた処理米A1、処理米A2、及び処理米E1、前記比較例1で得られた処理米T1、並びに処理前のコシヒカリ米(コントロール)について、各米粒を粉砕し、ケルダール法により、無水物に換算した全重量に対する全タンパク質量の割合(%)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
処理前のコシヒカリは6.89%であり、処理米E1はタンパク質量が1/2以下であり、本発明の装置で製造した低タンパク質米の有効性が確認されたと考えられる。
【0047】
(2)アレルゲン性の評価
特開平10−179059号公報に記載の方法に基づいて、前記実施例1〜3で得られた処理米A1及び処理米A2、前記比較例1で得られた処理米T1、並びに処理前のコシヒカリ米(コントロール)について、塩可溶性画分を調製し、米アレルギー患者血清中のIgE抗体を一次抗体として用いるELISA法によりアレルゲン性を評価した。
すなわち、各米粒を粉砕し、得られた粉砕米1gを精秤した後、10容量倍量の抽出液[500mmol/L塩化ナトリウムを含有するリン酸緩衝溶液(PBS)(pH7.0)]を加え、2時間スターラーで撹拌した後、遠心分離(10000rpm,10分間)して上清を得た。得られた上清をPBSで2倍に希釈した希釈液を、ELISA法のサンプルとして使用した。ELISA法における二次抗体としては、ビオチンを結合したヒツジ抗ヒトIgE抗体を使用し、発色系としては、アビジン結合ペルオキシダーゼ及びオルトフェニレンジアミンを使用した。発色の程度は、490nmのO.D.値により測定した。
【0048】
結果を表1に示す。なお、表1における記号「−」は、アレルゲン性の評価を実施しなかったことを示す。処理米A1及び処理米A2の塩可溶性画分のIgE結合性は、0.001以下と検出限界以下であった。処理米T1では、0.295とIgE結合性が認められ、アレルゲン活性の残存が認められた。
【0049】

Figure 0004350272
【0050】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、従来法よりも効率よく、穀物粒の液体含浸処理を実施することができる。また、本発明によれば、穀物粒の粒形を保持したまま、前記処理を実施することができるので、従来法に比較して、穀物粒の割れを防止することができ、しかも、歩留まり率が向上する。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明による第1の装置の一態様を模式的に示す説明図である。
【図2】本発明による第2の装置の一態様を模式的に示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・穀物粒;2・・・含浸処理用液体;
10・・・本発明による第1の装置;11,11’・・・穀物粒収容槽;
11a・・・穀物粒収容部;12・・・液体貯留反応槽;13・・・移動手段;
14・・・制御手段;15・・・ワイヤー;16・・・ウインチ;
17・・・供給管;18・・・排出管;
20・・・本発明による第2の装置;21・・・穀物粒収容反応槽;
21a・・・穀物粒収容部;22・・・貯液槽;23a・・・供給管;
23b・・・排出管;24a,24b・・・送液ポンプ;25・・・制御手段;
26・・・隔壁;27・・・排液室;28・・・散水管;29・・・吸入口。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a grain impregnation liquid impregnation treatment method and a liquid impregnation treatment apparatus. According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the grain grains from cracking and improve the yield rate.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a pre-stage of food processing of cereals (e.g. rice, wheat, soy, and buckwheat), to clean or peel the grain, or to remove harmful substances or proteins present on or inside the grain, The impregnation treatment in the solution is effective. In addition, as one of the processing methods for cereals, a steaming operation is generally performed, but impregnating the grain with a solution used for steaming prior to this processing is effective for shortening the cooking time or improving the taste. It is known that
The impregnation treatment can be performed by immersing the target grain in a solution and leaving it to stand. However, an apparatus for efficiently impregnating a large amount of grain grains industrially has not been known so far. Therefore, impregnation treatment satisfying various requirements such as time reduction, efficient work, or improvement in yield rate. An apparatus is desired.
[0003]
On the other hand, rice, wheat, soybeans, buckwheat, etc. are known to contain allergen molecules that cause allergic symptoms when consumed by food allergic patients, that is, allergen molecules are removed from cereals. Allergen-removed cereal grains are used in the treatment and diet of food allergy patients.
In addition, the number of patients who need dietary therapy for kidney disease is estimated to be 200,000 nationwide, and is still increasing. In these patients, since the intake of cereals with reduced protein leads to the suppression of protein intake, there is a high social need for kidney disease patients.
[0004]
As a means for solving these demands, for example, a method for producing an allergen-reduced grain grain for a grain allergy patient in which rice grains are impregnated with a proteolytic enzyme to remove proteins containing allergen molecules is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-9472. It is disclosed in the gazette. Similarly, JP-A-9-182 discloses a method for obtaining low protein rice for patients with kidney disease. In addition, as a method for removing allergen molecules from cereals or a method for reducing the protein of grains, a method using an alkaline solution is disclosed in JP-A-7-115920, and a method using a salt solution is disclosed in JP-A-5-292904. Each is disclosed in the publication. An apparatus for efficiently obtaining target rice grains by these production methods is disclosed in JP-A-8-187053.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these conventionally known methods for producing allergen-reduced rice or low protein rice satisfy both high production efficiency and suppression of occurrence of crushing and / or pulverization of rice grains in any method. There was a problem that could not. That is, in these conventional methods, the solution and rice grains are put into a container and stirred with a stirrer or rotated together with the container, so there is an advantage that the reaction proceeds efficiently, but the enzyme reaction During the process, rice grains collide with each other and the rice grains are crushed or powdered by mechanical action. In order to prevent the rice grains from being crushed or pulverized, it is effective to leave the rice grains stationary, but in this case, there is a drawback that the reaction does not proceed efficiently.
[0006]
In addition, in the method for producing low protein rice and allergen-reduced rice using an enzyme solution, or the method for producing the same treated rice using other solutions, treatment is performed by adding a solution of about 2 to 10 times to a certain amount of rice. It is necessary to. Therefore, in the actual manufacturing process, rice grains and the treatment solution are filled in the treatment tank and processed for a certain period of time, so the amount of rice grains that can be filled with respect to the volume of the reaction tank is ½ or less. Therefore, there is a problem of inefficiency. For example, in the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 8-18753, according to the practice of the present inventor, the enzyme solution needs to have a volume that is at least four times that of rice grains. It is 1/4 or less of the capacity of the reaction tank.
[0007]
As a result of intensive research on a method and an apparatus that can efficiently impregnate cereal grains with a liquid while maintaining the grain shape, the inventor conducted the impregnation treatment by allowing the cereal grains to stand still. When performing, at least once, the grain is brought into a non-contact state with the impregnation liquid (preferably, the contact and non-contact between the grain and the liquid are repeated a plurality of times). It has been newly found that the reaction proceeds more efficiently and can maintain the grain shape of the grain as compared with the case where the reaction is carried out simply in contact.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus capable of efficiently impregnating a grain with a liquid while maintaining its grain shape.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  This specificationBetween the start and end of the impregnation treatment in which the grain is allowed to stand in the allergen-reducing or low-proteinization treatment solution selected from the group consisting of an alkaline aqueous solution, an acid aqueous solution, a proteolytic enzyme solution, and a salt solution, A method for reducing allergen or reducing protein in a grain, characterized in that the grain is brought into a non-contact state with the processing solution at least once, wherein a plurality of the non-contact states are provided. During each of the relatively long time contact steps, (1) a relatively long time non-contact step of 0.5 minutes to 1 hour, or (2) a non-contact time of 5 to 25 seconds. The allergen-reducing or low-proteinization processing method, which is performed by inserting a step and a step of repeating a combination with a contact step of a relatively short time of 5 to 25 seconds multiple timesTo disclose.
[0009]
  Also,This specification(1) Grain storage having a grain storage unit capable of inflow and outflow of an allergen reducing or low protein treatment solution selected from the group consisting of an alkaline aqueous solution, an acid aqueous solution, a proteolytic enzyme solution, and a salt solution means;
(2) The allergen-reducing or low-protein treatment solution can be stored, the grain storage part of the grain storage means can be stored in a stationary state, and the grain can be impregnated. Liquid storage reactor;
(3) By moving the grain storage means and / or the liquid storage reaction tank,
(A) A grain storage part of the grain storage means is stored in the liquid storage reaction tank and immersed in the allergen reducing or low protein treatment solution filled in the liquid storage reaction tank. Contact state
When,
(B) A non-contact state in which the grain storage part of the grain storage means is separated from the allergen reducing or low protein treatment solution filled in the liquid storage reaction tank.
And means of transportation that can be mutually changed; and
(4) In the liquid storage reaction tank, in the contact state in which the grains in the grain storage part of the grain storage means are allowed to stand in the allergen-reducing or low-protein processing solution. During the period from the start to the end of the impregnation treatment to be carried out, at least once or more, the grain and the allergen reducing or reducing protein treatment solution are separated into the non-contact state, and the contact is again made. Control means for controlling the operation of the moving means for returning to a state;
In the operation control of the moving means in the control means, the non-contact state, during each of a plurality of relatively long time contact steps,
(A) a non-contact process of a relatively long time of 0.5 minutes to 1 hour, or
(B) a step of repeating a combination of a non-contact process of a relatively short time of 5 to 25 seconds and a contact process of a relatively short time of 5 to 25 seconds,
The grain allergen-reducing or low-protein processing apparatus (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the first apparatus according to the present invention),Is disclosed.
  Further, according to the present invention, the liquid for impregnation treatment can be stored, and the grain is stored in a stationary state in the grain storage unit provided in the grain storage reaction tank capable of impregnating the grain. ,
By supplying liquid for impregnation treatment to the grain storage unit by the liquid supply and filling means, the grain storage unit is filled with the liquid for impregnation treatment, and the grain in the grain storage unit is used for impregnation treatment. Non-contact in which the liquid for impregnation is discharged from the grain storage part by the liquid discharge means, and the grain in the grain storage part is not in contact with the liquid for impregnation treatment. State
A method for liquid impregnation of cereal grains, comprising:
At least once or more between the start and end of the impregnation treatment performed in the contact state in which the cereal grains in the cereal grain storage unit are allowed to stand, the liquid draining means causes the impregnation treatment liquid to be introduced into the cereal grains. The present invention also relates to a method for impregnating a grain with a liquid, characterized in that it is removed from a storage portion and returned to the contact state by a liquid supply and filling means again.
[0010]
Further, the present invention is (1) a grain grain having a grain grain storage part capable of accommodating grain grains in a stationary state, capable of storing a liquid for impregnation treatment, and capable of impregnating the grain grains. Containment reactor;
(2) Contact where the liquid for impregnation treatment is supplied to the grain storage part, the liquid for impregnation treatment is filled in the grain storage part, and the grain in the grain storage part is immersed in the liquid for impregnation treatment Liquid supply and filling means that can be brought into a state;
(3) A liquid discharging means capable of discharging the impregnation liquid from the grain storage unit and bringing the grain in the grain storage unit into a non-contact state in which the grain does not contact the impregnation liquid;
(4) Filled by the liquid supply and filling means in the grain storage reaction tank, and carried out in the contact state in which the grain in the grain storage unit is allowed to stand in the impregnation liquid. During the period from the start to the end of the impregnation treatment, the liquid discharge means removes the impregnation treatment liquid from the grain storage unit and returns to the contact state again by the liquid supply and filling means. Control means for controlling the operation to be performed;
And a grain impregnating apparatus for liquid impregnation (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a second apparatus according to the present invention).
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The treatment method and treatment apparatus of the present invention are a method and an apparatus that can efficiently carry out the impregnation treatment of cereal grains with the impregnation treatment liquid while maintaining the shape of the grains.
The grain to be treated is not particularly limited. For example, various cereals used for food processing, for example, a seed of a gramineous plant, a poaceae plant, or a legume plant or one of them. Part. More specifically, examples of gramineous plants include, for example, wheat such as wheat, barley, rye or oats, rice such as glutinous rice, glutinous rice, or indica rice; Or millet grains such as millet, or corn or sorghum. Examples of the aceae plant include buckwheat or amaranth. Examples of legumes include soy beans, red beans, and chickpeas. , Mung beans, deer beans, or broad beans.
[0012]
Moreover, the liquid for impregnation processing used for the said process can be suitably selected according to the kind of grain which is a process target, and the content of the process. For example, when carrying out the allergen reduction process or protein reduction process of a grain, various solutions which can be used for the allergen reduction process or protein reduction process, for example, water, alkaline aqueous solution, acid aqueous solution , Proteolytic enzyme solution, or salt solution. The treatment method and treatment apparatus according to the present invention is a method and apparatus particularly suitable for an allergen-reducing treatment or a protein-reducing treatment, wherein allergen-reduced grain grains for allergic patients or low-protein grain grains for kidney disease patients. A method and apparatus particularly suitable for manufacturing.
[0013]
In the treatment method of the present invention, the grain is brought into a non-contact state with the liquid for impregnation treatment at least once during the period from the start to the end of the impregnation treatment (that is, in the middle).
In the present specification, the “contact state”, that is, the state in which the grain is “contacted” with the impregnation liquid is a state in which all of the grains to be treated are completely submerged in the impregnation liquid. That is, it means a state in which all the grains are located below the water surface of the liquid for impregnation treatment.
On the other hand, in the present specification, the “non-contact state”, that is, the state where the grain is “non-contact” with the impregnation liquid, the whole of the grain to be treated is outside the impregnation liquid (for example, , In the atmosphere). Immediately after the grain grains that have been submerged in the impregnation liquid are taken out of the impregnation liquid, the surface of the grain grains is wet with the impregnation liquid. Is also included in the “non-contact state”.
[0014]
In the treatment method of the present invention, (1) a relatively long time contact step, (2) a relatively long time non-contact step, (3) a relatively short time contact step, and / or (4) relatively The non-contact process of a short time can be implemented in any combination.
[0015]
In the “relatively long time contact step”, the grain can be left in the impregnation liquid for a time sufficient to substantially impregnate the grain with the impregnation liquid. . The “sufficient time for the impregnation liquid to be substantially impregnated into the grain” varies depending on, for example, the type of grain to be treated and the type of impregnation to be performed. Although it cannot be defined, for example, when the rice grain is subjected to an alkali treatment or an enzyme treatment, it is usually 10 minutes to 4 hours (preferably 20 minutes to 2 hours, more preferably 20 minutes to 40 minutes).
Note that the term “standing” in this step means that the grain to be treated is allowed to stand in a reaction tank in which the impregnation treatment is performed. It does not necessarily mean that it is allowed to stand. For example, in the method of the present invention, in order to eliminate the influence on the grain shape of the grain to be treated, this step is usually carried out with the impregnation treatment liquid being stationary. The process can also be carried out with the liquid being stirred or circulated slowly (i.e. at a rate low enough not to affect the retention of the grain shape). In the latter case, the grain to be treated is left standing in the reaction tank for performing the impregnation treatment, but not in the impregnation treatment liquid.
[0016]
The duration of the “relatively long time non-contact process” is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 minutes to 1 hour, more preferably 0.5 minutes to 10 minutes, and still more preferably. It can be from 0.5 minutes to 2 minutes.
[0017]
The “relatively short time contact process” is a short-term and transitional contact process performed between the immediately preceding liquid non-contact process and the immediately following liquid non-contact process. The duration of this step is not particularly limited, but can be preferably 5 seconds to 25 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds to 20 seconds.
[0018]
The “non-contact process for a relatively short time” is a short-term and transitional contact process performed between the immediately preceding liquid contact process and the immediately following liquid contact process. The duration of this step is not particularly limited, but can be preferably 5 seconds to 25 seconds, more preferably 10 seconds to 20 seconds.
[0019]
In the treatment method of the present invention, during each of a plurality of “relatively long time contact steps”, (1) “a relatively long time contact step” and / or (2) “a relatively short time contact step”. A combination of “contact process” and “non-contact process for a relatively short time” is defined as one cycle, and a process of repeating the cycle a plurality of times can be arbitrarily inserted.
[0020]
Although the implementation pattern of the contact process and non-contact process in the processing method of the present invention is not limited to this, for example,
(A) A combination of a relatively long time contact step (preferably 20 minutes to 40 minutes) and a relatively long time non-contact step (preferably 0.5 minutes to 2 minutes) is defined as one cycle. Is repeated a plurality of times, and finally, a pattern (for example, Example 1 and Example 3 described later) for performing a relatively long time contact step (preferably 20 minutes to 40 minutes); or
(B) A relatively long time contact step (preferably 20 minutes to 40 minutes), a relatively short time non-contact step (preferably 10 seconds to 20 seconds) and a relatively short time contact step (preferably 10 minutes) A combination consisting of 2 seconds to 20 seconds is defined as one cycle, and a step of repeating the cycle a plurality of times (preferably 3 to 5 times) is repeated, and finally, a contact step (preferably a relatively long time) Is a pattern for performing 20 minutes to 40 minutes) (for example, Example 2 described later)
Can be mentioned.
[0021]
In the treatment method of the present invention, the transition method from the liquid contact step to the liquid non-contact step and the transition method from the liquid non-contact step to the liquid contact step retain the grain shape of the grain to be treated (that is, It is not particularly limited as long as it can be transferred (without causing grain breakage or pulverization). Hereinafter, the method of the present invention implemented using the first device according to the present invention and the method of the present invention implemented using the second device according to the present invention will be further described based on the drawings.
[0022]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing an aspect of the first device according to the present invention. A first apparatus 10 according to the present invention includes a grain storage tank 11 as a grain storage means, a liquid storage reaction tank 12 positioned below the grain storage tank 11, and the grain storage tank 11 up and down. (In the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1) includes a moving means 13 that can move, and a control means 14 that can control the vertical movement of the moving means 13.
[0023]
When the material and shape of the grain storage tank 11 are moved into the liquid storage reaction tank 12 in which the impregnation liquid 2 is stored, the impregnation liquid 2 is transferred to the grain storage section 11 a of the grain storage tank 11. The impregnation treatment liquid 2 is particularly limited as long as it can flow out so as to be completely discharged from the grain storage portion 11a when it moves out of the liquid storage reaction tank 12 For example, a net shape, a cage shape, or a bag shape can be given. It is preferable that the shape does not change in that the grain grains filled therein can be prevented from being crushed or powdered.
[0024]
The liquid storage reaction tank 12 can store the impregnation liquid 2 and can store the grain storage part 11a of the grain storage tank 11 in a stationary state. It is possible to impregnate the grain 1 in the state accommodated in the grain storage part 11 a of the grain storage tank 11 in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 with the impregnation liquid 2. The impregnation liquid 2 is supplied to the liquid storage reaction tank 12 through the supply pipe 17 and discharged from the liquid storage reaction tank 12 through the discharge pipe 18.
[0025]
The moving means 13 includes a wire 15 that is detachably connected to the upper part of the grain storage tank 11 and a winch 16 that can wind and unwind the wire 15. The grain storage tank 11 can be moved up and down by winding and unwinding the wire 15 by the winch 16. For example, when the wire 15 is wound up by the winch 16, the grain storage part 11a of the grain storage tank 11 filled with the grain 1 can be submerged in the impregnation liquid 2 in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 (this). The state is indicated by a broken line 11 'in FIG. 1). When the wire 15 is rewound by the winch 16, the grain storage part 11 a of the grain storage tank 11 can be taken out from the impregnation liquid 2.
[0026]
The moving means that can be used in the first apparatus according to the present invention is to bring the grain storage part of the grain storage tank into the liquid storage reaction tank and bring it into contact with the liquid for impregnation treatment. 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can be brought out of the liquid storage reaction tank to the outside of the liquid storage reaction tank and brought into a non-contact state separated from the liquid for impregnation treatment. In addition to the moving means 13 for moving the grain storage tank 11 up and down as shown in FIG. 1, for example, when a liquid storage reaction tank is located below the grain storage tank 11 as shown in FIG. It can be a moving means for moving the reaction tank up and down. Alternatively, both the grain storage tank and the liquid storage reaction tank can be moved by using these moving means that can move only one of the grain storage tank and the liquid storage reaction tank.
[0027]
In the first apparatus 10 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1, for example, the processing method of the present invention can be carried out by the following procedure.
That is, after filling the grain storage part 11a of the grain storage tank 11 with the grain 1 to be processed, the moving means 13 moves the grain storage tank 11 downward to fill the impregnation treatment liquid 2. The grain storage part 11a is completely submerged in the liquid storage reaction tank 12, and left in that state. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the grain storage tank 11 is moved upward by the moving means 13, and the grain storage section 11 a of the grain storage tank 11 is taken out from the liquid storage reaction tank 12. After the predetermined time has elapsed, the grain storage tank 11 is again moved downward by the moving means 13 to sink the grain storage section 11a in the liquid storage reaction tank 12, and after the predetermined time has elapsed, the moving means 13 The grain storage tank 11 is moved upward, and the grain storage section 11 a of the grain storage tank 11 is taken out from the liquid storage reaction tank 12. Thereafter, carrying in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 by the downward movement of the grain storage tank 11 and carrying out from the liquid storage reaction tank 12 by the upward movement of the grain storage tank 11 were repeated as many times as necessary. Then, finally, the grain storage tank 11 is moved downward again by the moving means 13, the grain storage part 11a is submerged in the liquid storage reaction tank 12, and left in that state. When the predetermined time has elapsed, the processing method of the present invention is completed.
The grain 1 after processing can be used as it is for the next step (for example, a washing step).
[0028]
In this case, as the impregnation liquid 2 in the liquid storage reaction tank 12, only the same liquid can be used throughout the entire process, or a plurality of types of liquids (for example, alkaline aqueous solution) can be used. Acid aqueous solution, proteolytic enzyme solution, or salt solution) can also be used. In addition, after performing the impregnation treatment with the same liquid or a plurality of liquids, by subsequently using a washing liquid (for example, water), both the impregnation treatment and the washing treatment are performed in a single liquid storage reaction tank. Can be done.
Further, the reaction can be controlled (for example, promoted or suppressed) by changing the concentration of the solute without changing the amount of the solution by appropriately adding a solute to the liquid in the liquid storage reaction tank 12.
Further, by preparing a plurality of liquid storage reaction tanks and moving the grain storage tank, the reaction with the plurality of liquids can be carried out continuously.
[0029]
In the first apparatus according to the present invention, a liquid storage reaction tank is provided so that cleaning water can be supplied to the liquid storage reaction tank and the cleaning water can be discharged by overflow in order to wash the processed grain. It is preferable to attach a supply pipe for supplying cleaning water and an overflow discharge pipe for discharging cleaning water. The washing water supply pipe can also be used as the supply pipe 17 for the impregnation liquid.
In addition, a heating device and / or a cooling device that can be controlled to a temperature at which the impregnation treatment can be easily performed can be incorporated in the liquid storage reaction tank. In addition, in order to mix the impregnation liquid in the liquid storage reaction tank, a rotating blade for stirring the inside of the tank or a circulating means for circulating the impregnation liquid in the tank may be provided. In addition, the said rotary blade needs to be able to implement stirring at a low rotational speed that does not affect the retention of the shape of the grain that is being impregnated. Further, the circulating means needs to be able to perform the circulation at a water flow rate that does not affect the retention of the shape of the grain that is being impregnated.
[0030]
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing an aspect of the second device according to the present invention. The second apparatus 20 according to the present invention includes a grain storage reaction tank 21, a liquid storage tank 22 capable of storing the impregnation liquid 2, the grain storage reaction tank 21, and the liquid storage tank 22. A supply pipe 23a and a discharge pipe 23b, respectively, a liquid feed pump 24a, 24b provided in the middle of the supply pipe 23a and the discharge pipe 23b, and a supply pipe 23a and a discharge pipe 23b, respectively. And control means 25 that can control each of the valves (not shown) and the liquid feed pumps 24a and 24b.
[0031]
In the 2nd apparatus 20 by this invention shown in FIG. 2, the liquid storage tank 22, the supply pipe | tube 23a, and the liquid feeding pump 24a function as a liquid supply filling means. That is, under the control of the control means 25, the impregnation liquid 2 in the liquid storage tank 22 is supplied from the liquid storage tank 22 to the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 through the supply pipe 23a. Can do.
On the other hand, the liquid storage tank 22, the discharge pipe 23b, and the liquid feed pump 24b function as liquid discharge means. That is, under the control of the control means 25, the impregnation in the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 from the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22 through the discharge pipe 23b. The processing liquid 2 can be discharged.
[0032]
As a material of the grain storage reaction tank 21 and the liquid storage tank 22, a material generally used in a reaction tank for liquid impregnation treatment of grain, for example, metal or plastic can be used. As shown in FIG. 2, the impregnation liquid 2 can pass through the bottom of the grain storage reaction tank 21 and the grain 1 falls as shown in FIG. It is preferable to provide a drainage chamber 27 by providing a partition wall 26 (for example, a net or a plate) having such a small pore as not to be removed.
[0033]
In the 2nd apparatus 20 by this invention shown in FIG. 2, the processing method of this invention can be implemented by the procedure shown below, for example.
That is, after filling the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 with the grain 1 to be processed, the grain storage reaction tank 21 from the liquid storage tank 22 storing the impregnation liquid 2 is stored. The impregnation liquid 2 is injected into the grain storage part 21a through the supply pipe 23a. The liquid injection is performed until the entire grain 1 is under the surface of the impregnation liquid 2 and is left in that state after the liquid injection is completed. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the impregnation liquid 2 is completely discharged from the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22 through the discharge pipe 23b. After the predetermined time has elapsed, the impregnation liquid 2 is injected again from the liquid storage tank 22 into the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 via the supply pipe 23a, and the predetermined time has elapsed. Thereafter, the impregnation treatment liquid 2 is discharged from the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22 through the discharge pipe 23b. Thereafter, the supply of the impregnation liquid 2 and the discharge of the impregnation liquid 2 are repeated as many times as necessary, and finally, the grain storage reaction tank 21 is again supplied from the liquid storage tank 22 via the supply pipe 23a. The liquid 2 for impregnation treatment is injected into the grain storage part 21a, and after completion of the injection, the liquid is left in that state. When the predetermined time has elapsed, the processing method of the present invention is completed.
The grain 1 after processing can be used as it is for the next step (for example, a washing step).
[0034]
In the second apparatus according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, by providing a discharge pipe 23b capable of feeding the impregnation liquid 2 from the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22, the grain storage is performed. The impregnation liquid 2 once supplied into the reaction tank 21 is temporarily stored and supplied again into the grain-containing reaction tank 21 (that is, the impregnation liquid is repeatedly reused). Although it is preferable from the viewpoint of the cost of the impregnation treatment liquid to be provided, the impregnation treatment liquid 2 fed from the grain-containing reaction tank 21 through the discharge pipe 23b is removed from the apparatus (for example, waste liquid). It can also be discharged into a treatment system.
[0035]
In the second apparatus according to the present invention, as a means for transferring the liquid for impregnation treatment between the grain storage reaction tank and the liquid storage tank, they are separately provided as in the supply pipe 23a and the discharge pipe 23b shown in FIG. Alternatively, a supply / discharge tube that can be transferred in both directions between the grain-containing reaction tank and the liquid storage tank can be provided.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, liquid feeding from the liquid storage tank to the grain storage reaction tank can also supply the impregnation treatment liquid 2 from a sprinkling pipe 28 provided on the top of the grain storage reaction tank 21. Alternatively, it can be supplied from the bottom or side.
Furthermore, since the substance peeled from the grain grains by the impregnation process accumulates at the bottom of the grain storage reaction tank, the discharge pipe 23b is preferably connected to other than the bottom face of the grain storage reaction tank 21. For example, the suction port 29 of the discharge pipe 23b is preferably provided at a position away from the bottom surface of the grain storage reaction tank 21, as shown in FIG. Note that when the impregnation treatment liquid is completely discharged from the grain storage reaction tank, it is necessary that all of the grain grains filled in the grain storage reaction tank are not in contact with the impregnation treatment liquid. The suction port 29 of the discharge pipe 23b needs to be provided at a position below the grain located at the lowest position when the grain storage reaction tank is filled.
[0036]
In the second apparatus according to the present invention, in order to wash the processed grain, the impregnation liquid is recovered from the grain storage reaction tank to the liquid storage tank, and then the cleaning water is supplied to the grain storage reaction tank. And it is preferable to equip the grain storage reaction tank with a supply pipe for supplying the washing water and an overflow discharge pipe for discharging the washing water so that the washing water can be discharged by overflow. The washing water supply pipe can also be used as the supply pipe 23a for the impregnation liquid.
In addition, the grain storage reaction tank and / or the liquid storage tank may be equipped with a heating device and / or a cooling device that can be controlled to a temperature at which impregnation is easy.
Further, in order to mix the impregnation liquid in the grain storage reaction tank and / or the liquid storage tank, a rotating blade for stirring the tank or a circulation means for circulating the impregnation liquid in the tank is provided. You can also. In addition, the said rotary blade needs to be able to implement stirring at a low rotational speed that does not affect the retention of the shape of the grain that is being impregnated. Further, the circulating means needs to be able to perform the circulation at a water flow rate that does not affect the retention of the shape of the grain that is being impregnated.
Furthermore, the grain storage reaction tank and / or the liquid storage tank may be equipped with a decompression device that can be controlled to a pressure at which impregnation is easy. When a pressure reducing device is provided, the grain storage reaction tank, the liquid storage tank, and the supply pipe and discharge pipe for the impregnation liquid need to be hermetically sealed so as to maintain a pressure at which impregnation is easy. is there.
[0037]
In the second apparatus according to the present invention, the volume of the liquid storage tank is 10% to 10 times, preferably 20% to 8 times, more preferably 1 to 6 times the volume of the grain-containing reaction tank. Can do.
Also, in order to facilitate the removal of the processed grain, the grain storage reaction tank is tilted to an angle of 90 °, or the bottom is an open type so that the processed grain can be easily removed. Is preferred. Alternatively, the grains to be treated are filled into a cage-like container in which the impregnation treatment liquid can freely enter and exit, and this is inserted into the grain storage reaction tank for processing. The processed product can be taken out by a method of pulling up the processing basket from the tank.
Furthermore, the reaction can be controlled (for example, promoted or suppressed) by changing the concentration of the solute without changing the amount of the solution by appropriately adding a solute to the liquid in the liquid storage tank during the treatment.
[0038]
As described so far, the apparatus of the present invention (including the first apparatus according to the present invention and the second apparatus according to the present invention) includes a grain to be impregnated and an impregnation liquid used for the treatment. Efficiency by allowing the grain to be in non-contact with the impregnation liquid at least once (preferably, contacting and non-contacting the impregnation liquid with the grain multiple times). It is characterized by well obtained impregnated grain.
In the allergen reduction treatment or the low protein treatment, the concentration of the drug used for the enzyme or other treatment is usually relatively low for the purpose of promoting the protein removal reaction efficiently and preventing the grain surface from being damaged or dissolved. It is necessary to maintain the volume of the impregnating liquid used with respect to the volume of the grain to be processed. Therefore, in the case of the conventional apparatus, for example, the grains and the impregnation liquid are put into the grain storage reaction tank, and the container is stirred, or the container is stirred by the internal stirring device, or the grains are left still. In any case where the solution was circulated as it was, the amount of cereal grains that could be treated was less than half that of the reaction vessel, which was inefficient.
[0039]
On the other hand, the device of the present invention (including the first device according to the present invention and the second device according to the present invention) separates the grain to be treated from the impregnation liquid used in the treatment. It is a feature, and it is possible to store and impregnate grain grains having approximately the same volume as the storage tank in the storage tank. However, since it is necessary to consider that the volume of cereal grains increases due to water absorption swelling, for example, the amount of grains to be stored needs to be 70 to 95% with respect to the volume of the storage tank.
Therefore, according to the device of the present invention, a large amount of processed grain can be obtained at a time more efficiently than the conventional device, and the device of the present invention can perform allergen-reducing treatment using an enzyme solution, an acid, or an alkali solution, It is an apparatus particularly suitable for proteination treatment.
[0040]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but these do not limit the scope of the present invention.
[Example 1]
In this example, the alkali-treated allergen-reduced rice was produced by the method of the present invention using the second apparatus according to the present invention. In addition, the 2nd apparatus used for the present Example can be accommodated in the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 instead of storing the grain 1 directly in the (a) grain storage reaction tank 21. In addition, the grain container 1 is accommodated in the grain container reaction tank 21 in a state where the grain grains 1 are accommodated in a “treatment basket” capable of inflow and outflow of the impregnation liquid, and (b) the grain container reaction tank 2 has basically the same configuration as that of the second device 20 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 2 except that it includes an upper lid capable of maintaining the airtightness of the inside.
[0041]
Specifically, 8 kg of Koshihikari raw rice grains were placed in a treatment basket, placed in the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21 having a volume of 10 L, and the lid of the grain storage reaction tank 21 was closed. The amount of raw Koshihikari rice was 80% of the volume of the grain storage reaction tank 21. On the other hand, 40 L of a 100 mmol / L potassium hydroxide solution was prepared as a treatment solution in the storage tank 22, and the temperature was heated to 40 ° C. The processing solution is sent to the grain storage reaction tank 21 and the grain storage reaction tank 21 is filled with the processing solution, whereby the Koshihikari rice grains in the grain storage reaction tank 21 are brought into contact with the processing solution, and deaeration is performed. 30 minutes. Subsequently, the treatment solution was fed from the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22, and the Koshihikari rice grains in the grain storage reaction tank 21 were brought into a non-contact state with the treatment solution. After 1 minute has passed since the non-contact state, the processing solution is again sent from the storage tank 22 to the grain storage reaction tank 21, and the grain storage reaction tank 21 is filled with the solution to be in a contact state for 30 minutes. I left it alone. These operations (that is, liquid feeding operation from the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the storage tank 22, and the grain storage reaction from the storage tank 22 until the contact time between the rice grains and the treatment solution reaches 4 hours in total. The liquid feeding operation to the tank 21) was repeated. Next, the treated rice grains were washed with tap water all day and night (24 hours) and then dried to obtain dried treated rice (hereinafter referred to as “treated rice A1”).
[0042]
[Example 2]
In this example, the alkali-treated allergen-reduced rice was produced by the method of the present invention using the first apparatus according to the present invention. The first apparatus used in this example is the first apparatus according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1 except that the grain storage reaction tank 21 is provided with an upper lid capable of maintaining the airtightness of the inside. The first apparatus 10 basically has the same configuration.
[0043]
That is, after putting 2 kg of Koshihikari refined rice grains in the grain storage tank 11, it was placed in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 by the moving means 13, and the lid of the liquid storage reaction tank 12 was closed. Meanwhile, 10 L of a 100 mmol / L potassium hydroxide solution was prepared as a treatment solution in a liquid storage tank (not shown in FIG. 1), and the temperature was heated to 40 ° C. The treatment solution is sent to the liquid storage reaction tank 12 via the supply pipe 17, and the Koshihikari rice grains in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 are brought into contact with the treatment solution by filling the liquid storage reaction tank 12 with the treatment solution. After degassing for 30 minutes, the lid of the liquid storage reaction tank 12 was opened. Subsequently, the grain storage tank 11 is lifted by the moving means 13 (that is, the Koshihikari rice grains are brought into a non-contact state with the treatment solution), and the grain storage tank 11 is lowered by the moving means 13 (that is, the Koshihikari rice grains are again removed). The cycle consisting of the contact with the treatment solution was repeated several times for 2 minutes. The number of cycles in 2 minutes was 4 times. Subsequently, the grain storage tank 11 was returned to the liquid storage reaction tank 12 by the moving means 13 and kept in contact with the solution for 30 minutes. The cycle was repeated (2 minutes) and the solution contacting step (30 minutes) until the contact time between the rice grains and the treatment solution reached 2 hours in total. Next, the treated rice grains were washed with tap water all day and night (24 hours) and then dried to obtain dried treated rice (hereinafter referred to as “treated rice A2”).
[0044]
[Example 3]
In this example, enzyme-treated low protein rice was produced by the method of the present invention using the same second apparatus according to the present invention as used in Example 1.
That is, 8 kg of Koshihikari refined rice grains were placed in the processing basket, placed in the grain storage part 21a of the grain storage reaction tank 21, and the lid of the grain storage reaction tank 21 was closed. On the other hand, 16 L of enzyme solution was prepared as a treatment solution in the storage tank 22. The enzyme solution was prepared by adding protease S (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) to 0.1% to 16 L of tap water and adjusting the pH to 9.0, and then heated to 55 ° C. . The processing solution is sent to the grain storage reaction tank 21 and the grain storage reaction tank 21 is filled with the processing solution, whereby the Koshihikari rice grains in the grain storage reaction tank 21 are brought into contact with the processing solution, and deaeration is performed. 30 minutes. Subsequently, the treatment solution was fed from the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the liquid storage tank 22, and the Koshihikari rice grains in the grain storage reaction tank 21 were brought into a non-contact state with the treatment solution. After 1 minute has passed since the non-contact state, the processing solution is again sent from the storage tank 22 to the grain storage reaction tank 21, and the grain storage reaction tank 21 is filled with the solution to be in a contact state for 30 minutes. I left it alone. These operations (that is, liquid feeding operation from the grain storage reaction tank 21 to the storage tank 22 and the grain storage reaction from the storage tank 22 until the contact time between the rice grains and the processing solution reaches 20 hours in total. The liquid feeding operation to the tank 21) was repeated. Next, the treated rice grains were washed with tap water all day and night (24 hours) and then dried to obtain dried treated rice (hereinafter referred to as “treated rice E1”).
[0045]
[Comparative Example 1]
In this comparative example, the alkali-treated allergen-reduced rice was produced by repeating the operation of Example 2 except that the cycle consisting of lifting and lowering the treatment basket was not performed.
That is, 2 kg of Koshihikari refined rice grains were placed in the grain storage tank 11, placed in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 by the moving means 13, and the lid of the liquid storage reaction tank 12 was closed. Meanwhile, 10 L of a 100 mmol / L potassium hydroxide solution was prepared as a treatment solution in a liquid storage tank (not shown in FIG. 1), and the temperature was heated to 40 ° C. The processing solution is sent to the liquid storage reaction tank 12 and the liquid storage reaction tank 12 is filled with the processing solution, thereby bringing the Koshihikari rice grains in the liquid storage reaction tank 12 into contact with the processing solution and performing deaeration for 30 minutes. It was. The lid of the liquid storage reaction tank 12 was opened and left as it was at 40 ° C. for 1.5 hours (total contact time of rice grains and solution = 2 hours). Next, the treated rice grains were washed with tap water all day and night (24 hours) and then dried to obtain dried treated rice (hereinafter referred to as “treated rice T1”).
[0046]
[Evaluation]
(1) Measurement of protein content
For each of the treated rice A1, treated rice A2, and treated rice E1 obtained in Examples 1 to 3, treated rice T1 obtained in Comparative Example 1, and Koshihikari rice (control) before treatment, each rice grain was pulverized. And the ratio (%) of the total protein amount with respect to the total weight converted into the anhydride was measured by the Kjeldahl method. The results are shown in Table 1.
Koshihikari before the treatment was 6.89%, and the treated rice E1 had a protein amount of ½ or less, and it is considered that the effectiveness of the low protein rice produced by the apparatus of the present invention was confirmed.
[0047]
(2) Evaluation of allergenicity
Based on the method described in JP-A-10-179059, treated rice A1 and treated rice A2 obtained in Examples 1 to 3, treated rice T1 obtained in Comparative Example 1, and Koshihikari before treatment. For rice (control), a salt-soluble fraction was prepared, and allergenicity was evaluated by an ELISA method using IgE antibody in the serum of a rice allergic patient as a primary antibody.
That is, after each rice grain was pulverized and 1 g of the obtained pulverized rice was precisely weighed, 10 volume times the extract [phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 7.0) containing 500 mmol / L sodium chloride] was added. In addition, after stirring with a stirrer for 2 hours, the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation (10000 rpm, 10 minutes). A diluted solution obtained by diluting the obtained supernatant 2 times with PBS was used as a sample for the ELISA method. A sheep anti-human IgE antibody conjugated with biotin was used as the secondary antibody in the ELISA method, and avidin-conjugated peroxidase and orthophenylenediamine were used as the color development system. The degree of color development was 490 nm O.D. D. Measured by value.
[0048]
The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the symbol “-” in Table 1 indicates that the evaluation of allergenicity was not performed. The IgE binding properties of the salt-soluble fractions of the treated rice A1 and the treated rice A2 were 0.001 or less and below the detection limit. In treated rice T1, 0.295 and IgE binding were observed, and allergen activity remained.
[0049]
Figure 0004350272
[0050]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the grain impregnation treatment can be performed more efficiently than the conventional method. In addition, according to the present invention, the above-mentioned treatment can be carried out while maintaining the grain shape of the grain, so that it is possible to prevent cracking of the grain as compared with the conventional method, and the yield rate. Will improve.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view schematically showing an aspect of a first apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing an aspect of a second device according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... Grain grains; 2 ... Liquid for impregnation treatment;
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... 1st apparatus by this invention; 11, 11 '... Grain storage tank;
11a ... grain storage part; 12 ... liquid storage reaction tank; 13 ... moving means;
14 ... control means; 15 ... wire; 16 ... winch;
17 ... supply pipe; 18 ... discharge pipe;
20 ... second apparatus according to the invention; 21 ... grain storage reactor;
21a ... Grain storage part; 22 ... Liquid storage tank; 23a ... Supply pipe;
23b ... discharge pipe; 24a, 24b ... liquid feed pump; 25 ... control means;
26 ... partition wall; 27 ... drainage chamber; 28 ... watering pipe; 29 ... suction port.

Claims (2)

(1)穀物粒を静置状態で収容可能な穀物粒収容部を有し、含浸処理用液体を貯留可能であり、しかも、前記穀物粒の含浸処理が可能な穀物粒収容反応槽;
(2)前記の穀物粒収容部に含浸処理用液体を供給し、その穀物粒収容部内に含浸処理用液体を充填し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が含浸処理用液体に浸漬された接触状態にすることのできる液体供給充填手段;
(3)前記の穀物粒収容部から、含浸処理用液体を排出し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が前記含浸処理用液体と接触しない非接触状態にすることのできる液体排出手段;
(4)前記の穀物粒収容反応槽内にて、前記の液体供給充填手段によって充填され、含浸処理用液体中で、前記穀物粒収容部中の穀物粒を静置させた前記接触状態で実施する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記液体排出手段によって前記含浸処理用液体を前記穀物粒収容部から排除し、再度、液体供給充填手段によって前記の接触状態に復帰させる動作を制御する制御手段;
を含むことを特徴とする、穀物粒の液体含浸処理装置。
(1) A grain storage reaction tank that has a grain storage part that can store grain grains in a stationary state, can store the liquid for impregnation treatment, and can impregnate the grain grains;
(2) Contact where the liquid for impregnation treatment is supplied to the grain storage part, the liquid for impregnation treatment is filled in the grain storage part, and the grain in the grain storage part is immersed in the liquid for impregnation treatment Liquid supply and filling means that can be brought into a state;
(3) A liquid discharging means capable of discharging the impregnation liquid from the grain storage unit and bringing the grain in the grain storage unit into a non-contact state in which the grain does not contact the impregnation liquid;
(4) Filled by the liquid supply and filling means in the grain storage reaction tank, and carried out in the contact state in which the grain in the grain storage unit is allowed to stand in the impregnation liquid. During the period from the start to the end of the impregnation treatment, the liquid discharge means removes the impregnation treatment liquid from the grain storage unit and returns to the contact state again by the liquid supply and filling means. Control means for controlling the operation to be performed;
An apparatus for impregnating cereal grains with liquid.
含浸処理用液体を貯留可能であり、しかも、前記穀物粒の含浸処理が可能な穀物粒収容反応槽に備えた穀物粒収容部に、穀物粒を静置状態で収容し、
液体供給充填手段によって、前記穀物粒収容部に、含浸処理用液体を供給することによって、その穀物粒収容部内に含浸処理用液体を充填して、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が含浸処理用液体に浸漬された接触状態にし、そして液体排出手段によって、前記の穀物粒収容部から、含浸処理用液体を排出し、前記穀物粒収容部内の穀物粒が前記含浸処理用液体と接触しない非接触状態にする、
ことを含む、穀物粒の液体含浸処理方法であって、
前記穀物粒収容部中の穀物粒を静置させた前記接触状態で実施する含浸処理の開始から終了までの間に、少なくとも1回以上、前記液体排出手段によって前記含浸処理用液体を前記穀物粒収容部から排除し、再度、液体供給充填手段によって前記の接触状態に復帰させることを特徴とする、前記穀物粒の液体含浸処理方法。
The impregnation liquid can be stored, and in the grain storage unit provided in the grain storage reaction tank capable of impregnating the grain, the grain is stored in a stationary state,
By supplying liquid for impregnation treatment to the grain storage unit by the liquid supply and filling means, the grain storage unit is filled with the liquid for impregnation treatment, and the grain in the grain storage unit is used for impregnation treatment. Non-contact in which the liquid for impregnation is discharged from the grain storage part by the liquid discharge means, and the grain in the grain storage part is not in contact with the liquid for impregnation treatment. State
A method for liquid impregnation of cereal grains, comprising:
At least once or more between the start and end of the impregnation treatment performed in the contact state in which the cereal grains in the cereal grain storage unit are allowed to stand, the liquid draining means causes the impregnation treatment liquid to flow into the cereal grains. The method for impregnating cereal grains with liquid, wherein the cereal grains are removed from the container and returned to the contact state by liquid supply and filling means again.
JP2000166662A 2000-06-02 2000-06-02 Grain grain liquid impregnation treatment method and liquid impregnation treatment apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4350272B2 (en)

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