JP4241684B2 - Membrane module cleaning method - Google Patents

Membrane module cleaning method Download PDF

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JP4241684B2
JP4241684B2 JP2005199075A JP2005199075A JP4241684B2 JP 4241684 B2 JP4241684 B2 JP 4241684B2 JP 2005199075 A JP2005199075 A JP 2005199075A JP 2005199075 A JP2005199075 A JP 2005199075A JP 4241684 B2 JP4241684 B2 JP 4241684B2
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membrane module
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acid
alkali
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JP2005288442A (en
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繁樹 沢田
修 竹内
和夫 今井
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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本発明は膜モジュールの洗浄方法に係り、特に、UF膜(限外濾過膜)、MF膜(精密濾過膜)、RO膜(逆浸透膜)を用いて水中の懸濁物や、有機・無機コロイド、有機・無機溶存物を分離除去するための膜モジュールの洗浄方法であって、膜透過流束を高く、安定に維持して効率的な膜分離処理を行うための膜のモジュールの洗浄方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for cleaning a membrane module, and in particular, a suspension in water using an UF membrane (ultrafiltration membrane), an MF membrane (microfiltration membrane), or an RO membrane (reverse osmosis membrane), organic / inorganic colloid, a method for cleaning a membrane module for separating off organic and inorganic dissolved compounds, high membrane flux, a method of cleaning and maintaining stable membrane for efficient membrane separation processing modules About.

膜分離装置は、河川水や湖沼水などの表流水や、これらに凝集沈殿処理等の浄水処理を施して得られる工業用水や上水中の懸濁物や溶存物を分離して、高度な浄水を得る分野において、或いは、工場や家庭、下水処理場から排出される排水中の懸濁物や溶存物を分離して再利用を図る浄化設備等の分野において、広く用いられている。   Membrane separation equipment separates surface water such as river water and lake water, and industrial water obtained by subjecting them to water purification treatment such as coagulation sedimentation and suspended water and dissolved substances in advanced water. It is widely used in fields such as purification equipment for separating and reusing suspended matter and dissolved matter in waste water discharged from factories, homes, and sewage treatment plants.

河川水や湖沼水などの表流水にポリ塩化アルミニウム等の凝集剤を添加して、凝集・沈殿・濾過等の固液分離処理を施して得られる分離水を原水として、膜分離装置で処理する場合、凝集・沈殿・濾過等の固液分離手段から漏洩した凝集剤由来の微量の水酸化アルミニウム等が膜面に付着して膜分離装置の分離性能を低下させるという問題がある。   Treat the surface water such as river water and lake water with polyaluminum chloride, etc., and use the separation water obtained by solid-liquid separation treatment such as flocculation / precipitation / filtration, etc. as raw water with a membrane separator. In this case, there is a problem that a minute amount of aluminum hydroxide or the like derived from the flocculant leaked from the solid-liquid separation means such as flocculation / precipitation / filtration adheres to the membrane surface and lowers the separation performance of the membrane separation apparatus.

このような問題を解決すべく、上記固液分離手段の後段、即ち膜分離装置の前段に、酸を添加して水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させた後膜分離を行うものが公知である。   In order to solve such a problem, it is known that after the solid-liquid separation means, that is, before the membrane separation apparatus, an acid is added to dissolve aluminum hydroxide and then membrane separation is performed.

この方法によれば、膜面に沈着する水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させた後膜分離装置に流入させるため、膜面への水酸化アルミニウムの沈着を防止して、膜分離の運転継続時間を延長することができるという利点がある。   According to this method, since the aluminum hydroxide deposited on the membrane surface is dissolved and then flowed into the membrane separation apparatus, the deposition time of the membrane separation is prolonged by preventing the deposition of aluminum hydroxide on the membrane surface. There is an advantage that you can.

しかしながら、このような方法では、MF膜、UF膜などの分離膜を用いた場合には、アルミニウムが溶存状態で膜を通過することとなり、膜分離機能が損なわれる。この場合において、膜透過水を飲用に供するには、透過水の中和処理が必要とされる上に、アルミニウムの除去処理も必要となる。   However, in such a method, when a separation membrane such as an MF membrane or a UF membrane is used, aluminum passes through the membrane in a dissolved state, and the membrane separation function is impaired. In this case, in order to use the membrane permeated water for drinking, a neutralization treatment of the permeated water is required, and an aluminum removal treatment is also necessary.

また、上記膜分離後に、RO膜で更に膜分離処理して溶存イオンを除去することも考えられるが、この場合においては、RO膜の給水が低pH水であるために、RO膜の塩阻止率が低下するという問題がある。   In addition, it may be possible to remove the dissolved ions by further membrane separation treatment with the RO membrane after the membrane separation, but in this case, since the RO membrane water supply is low pH water, the salt inhibition of the RO membrane is prevented. There is a problem that the rate decreases.

このようなことから、膜分離装置の原水に酸を添加する公知の方法は、膜性能の低下防止に必ずしも有効な方法とは言えない。   For this reason, the known method of adding an acid to the raw water of the membrane separator is not necessarily an effective method for preventing deterioration of membrane performance.

一方、有機物汚濁が進んだ表流水を原水として膜分離処理する場合、或いは、下水の二次処理水のようにフミン酸やフルボ酸等の溶存有機成分を多く含む水を原水として膜分離処理する場合においては、水酸化アルミニウム以外に、フミン酸やフルボ酸が膜面に吸着したり、有機コロイドが膜面に沈着して膜の分離性能を損なうという問題がある。   On the other hand, when surface separation water with advanced organic matter contamination is used as raw water for membrane separation treatment, or water containing a large amount of dissolved organic components such as humic acid and fulvic acid is used as raw water for secondary membrane treatment. In some cases, in addition to aluminum hydroxide, humic acid or fulvic acid may be adsorbed on the membrane surface, or organic colloids may be deposited on the membrane surface and impair the membrane separation performance.

このように、膜の分離性能が低下した場合においては、即ち、膜操作圧が上昇した時点において、或いは、透過水量が減少した時点において、膜分離装置の運転を停止して薬品洗浄を実施する必要がある。   As described above, when the separation performance of the membrane is lowered, that is, when the membrane operation pressure is increased or when the amount of permeated water is decreased, the operation of the membrane separation apparatus is stopped and chemical cleaning is performed. There is a need.

本発明者らは、膜の洗浄のために、膜分離装置の透過水側(二次側)から薬品を添加して膜を洗浄する装置や、処理水槽の水位を検出して薬品洗浄を行う装置などを提案しているが、洗浄頻度が不定期的であることもあり、十分な洗浄効果が得られていないのが実状である In order to clean the membrane, the present inventors perform chemical cleaning by detecting the water level in the apparatus for cleaning the membrane by adding a chemical from the permeate side (secondary side) of the membrane separation apparatus or in the treatment water tank. A device has been proposed, but the frequency of cleaning is irregular, and the actual condition is that a sufficient cleaning effect is not obtained .

発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、膜面を効率的に洗浄することができる膜モジュールの洗浄方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention solves the above conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method of cleaning a membrane module is Ru can washing the membrane surface effectively.

本発明(請求項1)の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、該膜モジュールは河川水や湖沼水などの表流水に金属塩よりなる凝集剤を添加した原水を処理したものであり、該膜モジュールの透過水室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが1〜5となるように酸を注入した後、該膜モジュール内の酸を分離膜を透過させて原水室に流入させた後に原水室側から該膜モジュール外へ抜き出す酸洗浄工程と、該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが9〜13となるようにアルカリを注入した後、該膜モジュール内のアルカリを分離膜を透過させて原水室に流入させた後に該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すアルカリ洗浄工程と、を備える膜モジュールの洗浄方法であって、酸洗浄工程及びアルカリ洗浄工程は、酸又はアルカリを注入した後に、酸又はアルカリが膜モジュール内に注入された状態で3〜30分間静置保持し、その後、酸又はアルカリを該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すものであり、10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に洗浄を実施することを特徴とする。 The membrane module cleaning method of the present invention (Claim 1) is a membrane module cleaning method in which the interior is partitioned into a raw water chamber and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane, the membrane module being a surface of river water or lake water. After treating raw water in which flocculant made of metal salt is added to running water and injecting acid from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module to the membrane module so that the pH in the vicinity of the membrane surface is 1-5 An acid cleaning step of allowing the acid in the membrane module to pass through the separation membrane and flowing into the raw water chamber, and then extracting the acid from the raw water chamber side to the outside of the membrane module; and the membrane module from the permeate water chamber side of the membrane module to the membrane module An alkali washing step of injecting the alkali so that the pH in the vicinity of the surface is 9 to 13, and then allowing the alkali in the membrane module to pass through the separation membrane and flow into the raw water chamber and then to be extracted outside the membrane module. Membrane model The acid cleaning step and the alkali cleaning step are performed by injecting an acid or an alkali and then standing still for 3 to 30 minutes in a state where the acid or alkali is injected into the membrane module. Alternatively, the alkali is extracted out of the membrane module, and washing is performed every 10 to 200 hours of filtration operation.

本発明(請求項2)の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、分離膜により原水側と透過水室とに仕切られた浸漬型の膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、該膜モジュールは河川水や湖沼水などの表流水に金属塩よりなる凝集剤を添加した原水を処理したものであり、該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが1〜5となるように酸を注入した後、該膜モジュール内の酸を該分離膜を透過させて該膜モジュール外へ抜き出す酸洗浄工程と、該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが9〜13となるようにアルカリを注入した後、該膜モジュール内のアルカリを該分離膜を透過させて該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すアルカリ洗浄工程と、を備える膜モジュールの洗浄方法であって、酸洗浄工程及びアルカリ洗浄工程は、酸又はアルカリを注入した後に、酸又はアルカリが膜モジュール内に注入された状態で3〜30分間静置保持し、その後、酸又はアルカリを該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すものであり、10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に洗浄を実施することを特徴とする。 The membrane module cleaning method of the present invention (Claim 2) is a submerged membrane module cleaning method partitioned into a raw water side and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane. surface water on is obtained by the treated raw water adding an aggregating agent comprising a metal salt, pH of the film surface near the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module was injected acid such that the 5 after the acid washing step to extract outside the membrane module the acid in the membrane module is transmitted through the separation membrane, pH of film surface near the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module and 9 to 13 An alkali cleaning step of injecting the alkali so that the alkali in the membrane module is permeated through the separation membrane and extracting it out of the membrane module, wherein the acid cleaning step and the alkali The cleaning step is to inject the acid or alkali, and then leave the acid or alkali in the membrane module for 3 to 30 minutes, and then extract the acid or alkali out of the membrane module. Washing is performed every 10 to 200 hours of filtration operation.

本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法によれば、原水の水質に応じて酸洗浄とアルカリ洗浄を交互に行える。即ち、膜モジュールの原水が、ポリ塩化アルミニウムや塩化第二鉄などの金属塩よりなる凝集剤で処理されている場合には、まず、酸を注入して酸洗浄を行い、次に、アルカリを注入してアルカリ洗浄を行うことにより、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。また、下水の二次処理水等の溶存有機物成分を含む原水を処理する膜モジュールであれば、アルカリ注入を先行して行い、その後、酸注入を行うことにより、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。 According to the membrane module cleaning method of the present invention, acid cleaning and alkali cleaning can be performed alternately according to the quality of raw water. That is, when the raw water of the membrane module is treated with a flocculant made of a metal salt such as polyaluminum chloride or ferric chloride, the acid is first injected to perform acid cleaning, and then the alkali is removed. By performing the alkali cleaning after the injection, the film performance can be effectively recovered. In addition, if the membrane module treats raw water containing dissolved organic matter components such as secondary treated water of sewage, the membrane performance is effectively recovered by performing alkali injection first and then acid injection. be able to.

例えば、膜モジュールの原水系にポリ塩化アルミニウムを凝集剤として添加した系においては、一定の時間膜濾過運転を継続すると膜面に水酸化アルミニウムのコロイドが沈着すると共に、水酸化アルミニウムに凝集捕捉されたコロイド状シリカやフミン酸などが水酸化アルミニウムをバインダーとして膜面に付着する。このような付着物が膜面に一定量形成された時点で、まず、酸を注入して水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させ、次いで、アルカリの注入によって、コロイド状シリカやフミン酸を溶解させる。このようにして、付着物を膜面から効率的に溶解除去し、清浄な膜面を露出させることができる。 For example, in a system in which polyaluminum chloride is added as a flocculant to the raw water system of the membrane module , colloidal aluminum hydroxide is deposited on the membrane surface when the membrane filtration operation is continued for a certain period of time, and it is agglomerated and captured by aluminum hydroxide. Colloidal silica or humic acid adheres to the film surface using aluminum hydroxide as a binder. When a certain amount of such a deposit is formed on the film surface, first, an acid is injected to dissolve aluminum hydroxide, and then colloidal silica and humic acid are dissolved by alkali injection. In this way, the deposits can be efficiently dissolved and removed from the film surface to expose a clean film surface.

一方、膜モジュールの原水が、下水の二次処理水等のフミン酸態の溶存有機物を多く含む場合には、膜面にフミン酸、多くの場合は、鉄イオン等の錯体を形成したフミン酸が沈着、付着する。この場合には、まず、アルカリを注入することにより、フミン酸成分を溶解し、次に酸を注入してフミン酸と結合していた金属成分を更に溶解させ、これにより膜面から付着物を効率的に除去して清浄な膜を露出させることができる。 On the other hand, when the raw water of the membrane module contains a large amount of humic acid-like dissolved organic matter such as secondary treated water of sewage, humic acid on the membrane surface, and in many cases, humic acid in which complexes such as iron ions are formed Deposits and adheres. In this case, first, an alkali is injected to dissolve the humic acid component, and then an acid is injected to further dissolve the metal component bonded to the humic acid, thereby removing the deposit from the film surface. It can be efficiently removed to expose a clean film.

このように、膜モジュールの原水の水質に応じて、酸洗浄後アルカリ洗浄、或いは、アルカリ洗浄後酸洗浄を適宜選択すると共に、各々の薬品濃度を調整して洗浄を行うことにより、効果的な洗浄を行うことができ、従って、希薄濃度の薬剤で高い洗浄効果を得ることが可能とされ、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。 Thus, depending on the quality of the raw water of the membrane module , it is effective to select the alkali cleaning after the acid cleaning or the acid cleaning after the alkali cleaning as appropriate, and by adjusting each chemical concentration for cleaning. Cleaning can be performed, and therefore a high cleaning effect can be obtained with a dilute concentration of the drug, and the membrane performance can be effectively restored.

また、洗浄に当り、酸とアルカリとを当量使用することにより、洗浄廃液の廃水処理が不要となり、別途廃水処理設備を設けることなく、酸洗浄廃液とアルカリ洗浄廃液とを混合中和して放流することが可能となる。   In addition, by using equivalent amounts of acid and alkali for washing, wastewater treatment of washing waste liquid becomes unnecessary, and acid washing waste liquid and alkali washing waste liquid are mixed and neutralized and discharged without providing a separate wastewater treatment facility. It becomes possible to do.

更に、本発明においては、注入した酸又はアルカリを原水側から抜き出すため、透過水側の汚染を防止することができる。   Furthermore, in the present invention, since the injected acid or alkali is extracted from the raw water side, contamination on the permeated water side can be prevented.

本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法によれば、膜面を効率的に洗浄することにより、膜面を常に高清浄に保つことができる。しかも、希薄濃度の薬剤で高い洗浄効果を得ることができ、また、洗浄廃液の廃水処理を不要とすることも可能である上に、洗浄による透過水の汚染の問題もないことから、膜分離効率及び透過水水質の向上と共に、処理コストの低減が図れ、工業的に極めて有利である。 According to the membrane module cleaning method of the present invention, the membrane surface can always be kept highly clean by efficiently cleaning the membrane surface. In addition, a high cleaning effect can be obtained with dilute chemicals, and it is possible to eliminate the waste water treatment of the cleaning waste liquid, and there is no problem of permeate contamination due to cleaning, so membrane separation. The efficiency and permeated water quality can be improved and the processing cost can be reduced, which is extremely advantageous industrially.

以下に図面を参照して、本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法の実施例について詳細に説明する。 Embodiments of the membrane module cleaning method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

図1は参考例を示す膜分離装置の系統図、図2,3は各々本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法の一実施例を示す膜分離装置の系統図であり、同一機能を奏する部材には同一符号を付してある。なお、図2,3においては、開閉弁は図示を省略してある。 Figure 1 is system diagram of a membrane separation apparatus according to a reference example, FIG. 2 and 3 is a system diagram of a membrane separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the cleaning method of each membrane module of the present invention, the members achieving the same function The same reference numerals are given. 2 and 3, the on-off valve is not shown.

図1に示す装置は、加圧循環型の膜モジュールの原水室側に酸及びアルカリを注入して膜面を洗浄する手段を設けたものである。なお、図1の膜分離装置は、循環ポンプP2で濃縮水を循環させる型式のものであるが、全量濾過方式の膜分離装置であれば、この循環ポンプは省略される。 Shown to equipment in Figure 1, it is provided with a means for cleaning the film surface by injecting an acid and an alkali to the raw water chamber side of the pressure circulation type membrane module. 1 is of a type in which the concentrated water is circulated by the circulation pump P 2 , but this circulation pump is omitted in the case of a membrane separation device of the total amount filtration system.

の装置において、原水の膜分離処理に当っては、弁V1,V2を開、その他の弁を閉、原水ポンプP1及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、原水を配管1,原水槽2,配管3を経て膜モジュール4の原水室4aに供給する。膜モジュール4の膜4Aを透過した透過水は透過水室4bから、配管5を経て抜き出され、逆洗水槽6,配管7を経て処理水として系外へ排出される。一方、濃縮水は、配管8により循環される(濾過工程)。なお、弁V3を開として、濃縮水の一部を配管10から系外へ排出する場合もある。 The apparatus of this, is hitting the membrane separation process of the raw water, the valves V 1, V 2 opened, other valves closed, the raw water pump P 1 and on the circulation pump P 2, as an off another pump, the raw water Is supplied to the raw water chamber 4a of the membrane module 4 through the pipe 1, the raw water tank 2, and the pipe 3. The permeated water that has passed through the membrane 4A of the membrane module 4 is extracted from the permeated water chamber 4b through the pipe 5, and is discharged out of the system as treated water through the backwash water tank 6 and the pipe 7. On the other hand, the concentrated water is circulated through the pipe 8 (filtering step). In some cases, the valve V 3 is opened and a part of the concentrated water is discharged from the pipe 10 to the outside of the system.

上記濾過工程を所定時間継続し、膜の濾過性能の低下が見られた場合には、弁V4,V3を開、その他の弁を閉、循環ポンプP2及び逆洗ポンプP3をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、逆洗水槽6内の透過水を、配管9,配管5を経て膜モジュール4の透過水室4bに供給して逆洗を行う。 If the above filtration process is continued for a predetermined time and the filtration performance of the membrane is deteriorated, the valves V 4 and V 3 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the circulation pump P 2 and the backwash pump P 3 are turned on. The other pumps are turned off, and the permeated water in the backwash water tank 6 is supplied to the permeated water chamber 4b of the membrane module 4 through the pipes 9 and 5 to perform backwashing.

逆洗水は、膜4Aを透過する間に膜面の付着物を剥離させ、更に、原水室4aから循環配管8内を流れ、循環系内の濁質を押し出し、逆洗排水は配管10を経て排出される(逆洗工程)。   The backwash water peels off deposits on the membrane surface while passing through the membrane 4A, and further flows from the raw water chamber 4a through the circulation pipe 8 to push out turbidity in the circulation system. It is discharged after (back washing process).

上記濾過工程及び逆洗工程を複数回交互に繰り返して行い、逆洗後も膜性能の顕著な回復が見られなくなった場合には、次の洗浄工程に移行する。   The filtration step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated a plurality of times, and when no significant recovery of the membrane performance is observed after the backwashing, the next washing step is performed.

まず、弁V5を開、その他の弁を閉、酸注入ポンプP4及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、酸貯槽10内の酸を、配管11より循環配管8に注入する。この酸の注入を所定時間継続した後、酸の注入を停止し、膜モジュールの原水側(一次側)、即ち、配管8,3,原水室4aに酸が注入された状態で所定時間静置保持する。静置後、前述の逆洗工程に移行し、一次側の酸を逆洗水により、配管10より排出する(酸洗浄工程)。 First, the valve V 5 is opened, the other valves are closed, the acid injection pump P 4 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the acid in the acid storage tank 10 is injected from the pipe 11 into the circulation pipe 8. To do. After the acid injection is continued for a predetermined time, the acid injection is stopped, and the acid is injected into the raw water side (primary side) of the membrane module, that is, the pipes 8 and 3 and the raw water chamber 4a, and left for a predetermined time. Hold. After standing, the process proceeds to the above-described backwashing step, and the primary acid is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (acid washing step).

上記酸洗浄後、弁V6を開、その他の弁を閉、アルカリ注入ポンプP5及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、アルカリ貯槽12内のアルカリを、配管13より循環配管8に注入する。このアルカリの注入を所定時間継続した後、アルカリの注入を停止し、膜モジュールの原水側(一次側)にアルカリが注入された状態で所定時間静置保持する。静置後、前述の逆洗工程に移行し、一次側のアルカリを逆洗水により、配管10より排出する(アルカリ洗浄工程)。 After the acid cleaning, the valve V 6 is opened, the other valves are closed, the alkali injection pump P 5 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, and the other pumps are turned off. 8 is injected. After the alkali injection is continued for a predetermined time, the alkali injection is stopped, and the alkali is injected on the raw water side (primary side) of the membrane module and is left to stand for a predetermined time. After standing, the process proceeds to the above-described backwashing step, and the primary alkali is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (alkali washing step).

なお、洗浄に使用される酸注入ポンプP4及びアルカリ注入ポンプP5は、所定量の薬剤を注入できるように、流量制御可能なものである。 Note that the acid injection pump P 4 and the alkali injection pump P 5 used for cleaning can control the flow rate so that a predetermined amount of medicine can be injected.

上記アルカリ洗浄後は、濾過工程に移行し、膜分離処理運転を再開する。   After the alkali cleaning, the process moves to the filtration step and the membrane separation operation is restarted.

の膜分離装置において、原水として河川水をポリ塩化アルミニウムにて凝集沈殿させた沈澱上澄みを膜分離処理するに当り、濾過工程:29分,逆洗工程:1分の断続的な膜分離処理を46回繰り返し、膜の透過流束が通水開始初期の90%に低下した後、酸注入:1分及び酸注入後静置:28分の酸洗浄工程,逆洗工程:1分,アルカリ注入:1分及びアルカリ注入後静置:28分のアルカリ洗浄工程,逆洗工程:1分を順次行ったところ、膜の透過流束は通水開始初期の値となり、膜性能を良好に回復させることができた。 In the membrane separation apparatus This, per to membrane separation precipitated supernatant obtained by coagulation and sedimentation at polyaluminum chloride river water as raw water, a filtration step: 29 minutes, backwashing steps: Intermittent membrane separation process 1 minute Is repeated 46 times, and the permeation flux of the membrane decreases to 90% at the beginning of water flow, then acid injection: 1 minute and standing after acid injection: 28 minutes of acid washing step, back washing step: 1 minute, alkali Injection: 1 minute and standing after alkali injection: 28 minutes alkali washing process, back washing process: 1 minute, the permeation flux of the membrane becomes the initial value of water flow, and the membrane performance is recovered well I was able to.

図2に示す実施例装置は、加圧循環型の膜モジュールの透過水側(二次側)に酸及びアルカリを注入して膜面を洗浄する手段を設けたものである。即ち、本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、膜モジュールの原水側(一次側)に酸及びアルカリを注入するものではなく、透過水側(二次側)に酸及びアルカリを注入するものであ。この場合には、酸又はアルカリの注入後、逆洗により、酸又はアルカリを原水側へ押し出せば良い。 The embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is provided with means for injecting acid and alkali into the permeate side (secondary side) of a pressurized circulation type membrane module to clean the membrane surface. That is, the membrane module cleaning method of the present invention does not inject acid and alkali into the raw water side (primary side) of the membrane module, but injects acid and alkali into the permeate side (secondary side). The In this case, after the acid or alkali is injected, the acid or alkali may be pushed out to the raw water side by back washing.

本実施例の装置において、原水の膜分離処理に当っては、原水ポンプP1及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、原水を配管1,原水槽2,配管3を経て膜モジュール4の原水室4aに供給する。膜モジュール4の膜4Aを透過した透過水は透過水室4bから、配管5を経て抜き出され、逆洗水槽6,配管7を経て処理水として系外へ排出される。一方、濃縮水は、配管8により循環される(濾過工程)。 In the apparatus of this embodiment, in the raw water membrane separation process, the raw water pump P 1 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the raw water is passed through the pipe 1, the raw water tank 2 and the pipe 3. The raw water chamber 4a of the module 4 is supplied. The permeated water that has passed through the membrane 4A of the membrane module 4 is extracted from the permeated water chamber 4b through the pipe 5, and is discharged out of the system as treated water through the backwash water tank 6 and the pipe 7. On the other hand, the concentrated water is circulated through the pipe 8 (filtering step).

上記濾過工程を所定時間継続し、膜の濾過性能の低下が見られた場合には、循環ポンプP2及び逆洗ポンプP3をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、逆洗水槽6内の透過水を、配管9,配管5を経て膜モジュール4の透過水室4bに供給して逆洗を行う。 When the filtration process is continued for a predetermined time and the filtration performance of the membrane is reduced, the circulation pump P 2 and the backwash pump P 3 are turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the permeation in the backwash water tank 6 is performed. Water is supplied to the permeated water chamber 4b of the membrane module 4 through the pipes 9 and 5, and backwashing is performed.

逆洗水は、原水室4aから循環配管8内を流れ、濁質を含む逆洗排水は配管10より押し出される(逆洗工程)。   The backwash water flows from the raw water chamber 4a through the circulation pipe 8, and the backwash drainage containing turbidity is pushed out from the pipe 10 (backwash process).

上記濾過工程及び逆洗工程を複数回交互に繰り返して行い、逆洗後も膜性能の顕著な回復が見られなくなった場合には、次の洗浄工程に移行する。   The filtration step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated a plurality of times, and when no significant recovery of the membrane performance is observed after the backwashing, the next washing step is performed.

まず、酸注入ポンプP4及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、酸貯槽10内の酸を、配管11,配管9を経て透過水室4bに注入する。その後、上記逆洗工程を実施して、酸を含む洗浄水を膜4Aを透過させて、原水室4a,循環配管8に流入させる。この状態で所定時間静置保持し、静置後、再び逆洗を行って、酸を逆洗水により配管10より排出する(酸洗浄工程)。 First, the acid injection pump P 4 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the acid in the acid storage tank 10 is injected into the permeated water chamber 4b through the pipes 11 and 9. Then, the said backwashing process is implemented, the washing water containing an acid is permeate | transmitted through the film | membrane 4A, and flows in into the raw | natural water chamber 4a and the circulation piping 8. FIG. In this state, the liquid is kept standing for a predetermined time, and after standing, backwashing is performed again, and the acid is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (acid washing step).

上記酸洗浄後、アルカリ注入ポンプP5及び循環ポンプP2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、アルカリ貯槽12内のアルカリを、配管13より配管9に注入する。そして、上記酸洗浄と同様に逆洗によりアルカリを原水室4a側に流入させた後、静置保持する。静置後、逆洗を行って、アルカリを逆洗水により、配管10より排出する(アルカリ洗浄工程)。 After the acid cleaning, the alkali injection pump P 5 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on and the other pumps are turned off, and the alkali in the alkali storage tank 12 is injected into the pipe 9 from the pipe 13. Then, the alkali is caused to flow into the raw water chamber 4a side by backwashing in the same manner as in the acid cleaning, and then kept stationary. After standing, backwashing is performed, and the alkali is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (alkali washing step).

上記アルカリ洗浄後、ポンプP1,P2をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、濾過工程に移行し、膜分離処理運転を再開する。 After the alkali cleaning, the pumps P 1 and P 2 are turned on and the other pumps are turned off, and the process proceeds to the filtration step, and the membrane separation processing operation is resumed.

図3に示す実施例装置は、浸漬型の膜モジュールを用い、この膜モジュールの透過水室側に酸及びアルカリを注入して膜面を洗浄する手段を設けたものである。   The embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 3 uses an immersion type membrane module, and is provided with means for injecting acid and alkali into the permeate chamber side of this membrane module to clean the membrane surface.

本実施例の装置において、原水の膜分離処理に当っては、吸引ポンプP6をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、配管1から原水槽2に供給された原水を、吸引ポンプP6により、膜モジュール4の透過水室4b側に吸引する。この透過水は、配管5を経て抜き出され、逆洗水槽6,配管7を経て処理水として系外へ排出される(濾過工程)。 In the apparatus of this embodiment, in the raw water membrane separation process, the suction pump P 6 is turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the raw water supplied from the pipe 1 to the raw water tank 2 is fed by the suction pump P 6 . The membrane module 4 is sucked to the permeate water chamber 4b side. This permeated water is extracted through the pipe 5 and discharged out of the system as treated water through the backwash water tank 6 and the pipe 7 (filtration step).

上記濾過工程を所定時間継続し、膜の濾過性能の低下が見られた場合には、逆洗ポンプP3をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、逆洗水槽6内の透過水を、配管9を経て膜モジュール4の透過水室4bに供給して逆洗を行う。 When the filtration process is continued for a predetermined time and the filtration performance of the membrane is deteriorated, the backwash pump P 3 is turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the permeated water in the backwash water tank 6 is supplied to the pipe 9. Then, it is supplied to the permeate chamber 4b of the membrane module 4 and backwashing is performed.

上記濾過工程及び逆洗工程を複数回交互に繰り返して行い、逆洗後も膜性能の顕著な回復が見られなくなった場合には、次の洗浄工程に移行する。   The filtration step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated a plurality of times, and when no significant recovery of the membrane performance is observed after the backwashing, the flow proceeds to the next washing step.

まず、酸注入ポンプP4をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、酸貯槽10内の酸を、配管11より配管9に注入する。その後、図2に示す膜分離装置の場合と同様に、逆洗、静置保持、逆洗を行って、酸洗浄を終了する。 First, the acid injection pump P 4 is turned on and the other pumps are turned off, and the acid in the acid storage tank 10 is injected into the pipe 9 from the pipe 11. Thereafter, as in the case of the membrane separation apparatus shown in FIG. 2, backwashing, stationary holding, and backwashing are performed, and the acid cleaning is completed.

上記酸洗浄後、アルカリ注入ポンプP5をオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、アルカリ貯槽12内のアルカリを、配管13より配管9に注入し、その後、図2に示す膜分離装置の場合と同様に、逆洗、静置保持、逆洗を行って、アルカリ洗浄を終了する。 After the acid wash, on an alkaline infusion pump P 5, it turns off the other pump, the alkali of the alkali storage tank 12, and injected into the pipe 9 from the pipe 13, then, as in the case of membrane separation apparatus shown in FIG. 2 Then, backwashing, stationary holding, and backwashing are performed to complete the alkali cleaning.

上記アルカリ洗浄後は、濾過工程に移行し、膜分離処理運転を再開する。   After the alkali cleaning, the process moves to the filtration step and the membrane separation operation is restarted.

2,3のいずれの膜モジュールの洗浄方法によっても、酸洗浄とアルカリ洗浄とを行って、良好な洗浄効果を得ることができる。 In any of the membrane module cleaning methods shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 , acid cleaning and alkali cleaning can be performed to obtain a good cleaning effect.

なお、上記の説明においては、いずれも酸洗浄後にアルカリ洗浄を行う場合について示したが、本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法では、アルカリ洗浄後、酸洗浄を行うことも可能であり、洗浄の順序は、当該膜分離装置の膜面付着物の性状、即ち、膜分離装置で処理する原水の水質に応じて適宜決定される。また、このアルカリ洗浄後酸洗浄、又は、酸洗浄後アルカリ洗浄は膜性能の回復度合に応じて1回でもよいし、複数回繰り返すこともできる。 In the above description, the case where alkali cleaning is performed after acid cleaning is shown. However, in the method for cleaning a membrane module of the present invention, acid cleaning can also be performed after alkali cleaning, and the order of cleaning is as follows. Is appropriately determined according to the property of the membrane surface deposit of the membrane separator, that is, the quality of the raw water treated by the membrane separator. The acid cleaning after the alkali cleaning or the alkali cleaning after the acid cleaning may be performed once or may be repeated a plurality of times depending on the degree of recovery of the film performance.

本発明において、酸洗浄に用いる酸としては、塩酸、硫酸などの無機酸が好ましく、これらの酸に更に過酸化水素を混合したものであっても良い。酸洗浄は、膜モジュールの原水室の膜面近傍のpHが1〜5程度となるような酸濃度で行う。 In the present invention, the acid used for the acid cleaning is preferably an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide may be further mixed with these acids. Acid washing, pH of the film surface near the raw water chamber of the membrane module intends rows acid concentration such that about 1 to 5.

一方、アルカリ洗浄に用いるアルカリとしては、水酸化ナトリウムが一般的であり、水酸化ナトリウムに更に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを混合したものであっても良い。アルカリ洗浄は、膜モジュールの原水室の膜面近傍のpHが9〜13の範囲となるようなアルカリ濃度で行う。 On the other hand, sodium hydroxide is generally used as the alkali used for alkali cleaning, and sodium hydroxide may be further mixed with sodium hydroxide. Alkali washing, pH of the film surface near the raw water chamber of the membrane module intends rows alkali concentration such that the range of 9-13.

また、膜としては耐酸性、耐アルカリ性のものが好ましく、具体的にはポリアクリルニトリル、ポリエチレン、ポリスルホンのものが好適である。   Further, as the membrane, those having acid resistance and alkali resistance are preferable, and specifically, those of polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, and polysulfone are preferable.

上記酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は、酸及びアルカリの注入量が当量となるように行うことにより、洗浄廃液をそのまま混合して中和することができることから、廃水処理が不要となり、工業的に有利である。   The above acid cleaning and alkali cleaning are carried out so that the injection amounts of acid and alkali are equivalent, so that the cleaning waste liquid can be mixed and neutralized as it is. is there.

また、本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法による酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は、酸又はアルカリを原水側に注入ないし流入させた時点で一定時間静置保持するこの静置保持時間は特に3〜30分とする。 The acid cleaning and alkali cleaning by the method for cleaning a membrane module of the present invention is held at a fixed time for a certain period of time when acid or alkali is injected or introduced into the raw water side . The stand holding time shall be the particular 3 to 30 minutes.

いずれの場合においても、膜モジュール内に保持した酸又はアルカリは、洗浄後、逆洗水により、系外へ排出する。 In either case, the held acid or alkali in the membrane module, after cleaning, more backwash water is discharged out of the system.

このような本発明の膜分離装置による酸及びアルカリ洗浄は、10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に実施する。 Such acids and alkali cleaning by membrane separation apparatus of the present invention, performed every filtration operation 1 0-200 hours.

本発明の膜分離装置においては、濾過運転時間の積算値を測定するための積算計や濾過回数及び逆洗回数等のカウンターを備え、所定の濾過運転時間後に濾過を停止して酸注入ポンプ及びアルカリ注入ポンプを交互に稼働させる電気制御システム、更には、酸注入ポンプやアルカリ注入ポンプの稼働の前後に逆洗ポンプや原水ポンプの稼働又は停止を行う機能を備える電気制御システムを設けることにより、濾過、逆洗及び薬品洗浄を人手を要することなく自動的に実施することができる。   The membrane separation apparatus of the present invention includes an integrator for measuring the integrated value of the filtration operation time and a counter such as the number of filtrations and the number of backwashes, and stops the filtration after a predetermined filtration operation time, By providing an electric control system that alternately operates the alkali injection pump, and further, an electric control system having a function of operating or stopping the backwash pump and the raw water pump before and after the operation of the acid injection pump and the alkali injection pump, Filtration, backwashing, and chemical washing can be performed automatically without requiring manual labor.

参考例を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows a reference example . 本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法実施例を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows one Example of the washing | cleaning method of the membrane module of this invention. 本発明の膜モジュールの洗浄方法の別の実施例を示す系統図である。It is a systematic diagram which shows another Example of the washing | cleaning method of the membrane module of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

2 原水槽
4 膜モジュール
4A 膜
4a 原水室
4b 透過水室
6 逆洗水槽
10 酸貯槽
12 アルカリ貯槽
2 Raw Water Tank 4 Membrane Module 4A Membrane 4a Raw Water Chamber 4b Permeated Water Chamber 6 Backwash Water Tank 10 Acid Storage Tank 12 Alkali Storage Tank

Claims (4)

分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、
該膜モジュールは河川水や湖沼水などの表流水に金属塩よりなる凝集剤を添加した原水を処理したものであり、
該膜モジュールの透過水室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが1〜5となるように酸を注入した後、該膜モジュール内の酸を分離膜を透過させて原水室に流入させた後に原水室側から該膜モジュール外へ抜き出す酸洗浄工程と、
該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが9〜13となるようにアルカリを注入した後、該膜モジュール内のアルカリを分離膜を透過させて原水室に流入させた後に該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すアルカリ洗浄工程と、
を備える膜モジュールの洗浄方法であって、
酸洗浄工程及びアルカリ洗浄工程は、酸又はアルカリを注入した後に、酸又はアルカリが膜モジュール内に注入された状態で3〜30分間静置保持し、その後、酸又はアルカリを該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すものであり、
10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に洗浄を実施することを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。
In the method for cleaning a membrane module, the interior of which is partitioned into a raw water chamber and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane,
The membrane module is obtained by treating raw water in which a flocculant made of a metal salt is added to surface water such as river water or lake water,
After injecting acid into the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module so that the pH in the vicinity of the membrane surface is 1 to 5, the acid in the membrane module permeates the separation membrane and flows into the raw water chamber. An acid cleaning step of extracting from the raw water chamber side to the outside of the membrane module,
After injection of alkali so that the pH of the film surface near the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module is 9 to 13, allowed to flow into the raw water chamber by transmitting separation membrane alkali in membrane module An alkali washing step of drawing out of the membrane module after
A method for cleaning a membrane module comprising:
In the acid cleaning step and the alkali cleaning step, after injecting the acid or alkali, the acid or alkali is left to stand for 3 to 30 minutes in a state where the acid or alkali is injected into the membrane module, and then the acid or alkali is removed from the membrane module. It is something to be extracted
A method for cleaning a membrane module, wherein the cleaning is performed every 10 to 200 hours of filtration operation.
分離膜により原水側と透過水室とに仕切られた浸漬型の膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、
該膜モジュールは河川水や湖沼水などの表流水に金属塩よりなる凝集剤を添加した原水を処理したものであり、
該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが1〜5となるように酸を注入した後、該膜モジュール内の酸を該分離膜を透過させて該膜モジュール外へ抜き出す酸洗浄工程と、
該膜モジュールの透過室側から該膜モジュールに膜面近傍のpHが9〜13となるようにアルカリを注入した後、該膜モジュール内のアルカリを該分離膜を透過させて該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すアルカリ洗浄工程と、
を備える膜モジュールの洗浄方法であって、
酸洗浄工程及びアルカリ洗浄工程は、酸又はアルカリを注入した後に、酸又はアルカリが膜モジュール内に注入された状態で3〜30分間静置保持し、その後、酸又はアルカリを該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すものであり、
10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に洗浄を実施することを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。
In the washing method of the submerged membrane module partitioned by the separation membrane into the raw water side and the permeate chamber,
The membrane module is obtained by treating raw water in which a flocculant made of a metal salt is added to surface water such as river water or lake water,
After the pH of the film surface near the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module was injected acid such that 1-5, outer membrane module acids in membrane modules is transmitted through the separation membrane An acid cleaning step to extract
After injection of alkali so that the pH of the film surface near the membrane module from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module is 9 to 13, out of the membrane module the alkali in membrane modules is transmitted through the separation membrane An alkali cleaning step to extract
A method for cleaning a membrane module comprising:
In the acid cleaning step and the alkali cleaning step, after injecting the acid or alkali, the acid or alkali is left to stand for 3 to 30 minutes in a state where the acid or alkali is injected into the membrane module, and then the acid or alkali is removed from the membrane module. It is something to be extracted
A method for cleaning a membrane module, wherein the cleaning is performed every 10 to 200 hours of filtration operation.
請求項1又は2において、原水の膜分離処理によって得た透過水を、該膜モジュールの透過水室側から供給する逆洗によって酸又はアルカリを各々該膜モジュール外へ抜き出すことを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。   3. The membrane according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the permeate obtained by membrane separation treatment of raw water is extracted from the membrane module by backwashing by supplying back the permeate from the permeate chamber side of the membrane module. How to clean the module. 請求項1から3のいずれかにおいて、前記濾過運転は、原水を膜モジュールの原水側に供給して透過室から透過水を抜き出す濾過工程と、透過水を膜モジュールの透過室から供給して逆洗する逆洗工程とからなることを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。 In any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the filtering operation, a filtration step of extracting the permeate from the permeate chamber is supplied to the raw water side of the membrane module the raw water was fed permeate from the permeate chamber of the membrane module And a backwashing step of backwashing the membrane module.
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