JP2007245051A - Method of cleaning filter membrane - Google Patents

Method of cleaning filter membrane Download PDF

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JP2007245051A
JP2007245051A JP2006074143A JP2006074143A JP2007245051A JP 2007245051 A JP2007245051 A JP 2007245051A JP 2006074143 A JP2006074143 A JP 2006074143A JP 2006074143 A JP2006074143 A JP 2006074143A JP 2007245051 A JP2007245051 A JP 2007245051A
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filtration membrane
membrane
chemical
cleaning
filtration
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Masashi Yamazaki
正志 山崎
Shigeru Maruyama
茂 丸山
Yasunari Sasaki
康成 佐々木
Nobuyuki Motoyama
本山  信行
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Fuji Electric Co Ltd
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Fuji Electric Holdings Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of cleaning a filter membrane which requires little need of carrying out off-line cleaning with a chemical or chemical cleaning causing a decrease of the operation rate of the equipment, is based on chemical immersion employing sodium hypochlorite and citric acid and achieves a reduction of running costs without a decrease of the recovery rate. <P>SOLUTION: The method of cleaning a filter membrane has a contact step of bringing a filter membrane into contact with a chemical and a rinse step of removing the chemical from the filter membrane. The method is characterized by measuring the concentration of the residue of the chemical in the solution in terms of the electric conductivity and shifting to the next step when the conductivity reaches a specified value. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、水中に含まれる汚濁物質を分離除去する際に用いられるろ過膜の洗浄方法に関する。とくにろ過膜を薬品含有液と所定時間接触処理するろ過膜の薬品洗浄方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a filtration membrane cleaning method used when separating and removing contaminants contained in water. In particular, the present invention relates to a chemical cleaning method for a filtration membrane in which the filtration membrane is contact-treated with a chemical-containing liquid for a predetermined time.

膜を用いた水処理装置では、長時間の運転によってファウリングが起こり、ろ過性能が低下する。そのため運転サイクルにおいて、所定時間のろ過工程後に、物理洗浄を実施し、ファウリングを低減するようにしている。物理洗浄には、膜ろ過水を逆流させる逆流洗浄(以下、逆洗という)、膜の一次側での水流によるフラッシング、空気により膜を振動させるエアースクラビングなどがあり、物理的な作用によって付着物質を取り除いている。
しかしながら、これら物理洗浄を実施していても次第にファウリングは進行し、ファウリングにより膜目詰まりした膜は薬品洗浄を実施することとなる。薬品洗浄は物理洗浄では除去しきれない物質を薬品によって分解または溶解させて除去する洗浄方法で、膜のろ過能力をほぼ初期状態まで回復することができる(例えば、特許文献1)。ところが、薬品洗浄は、その期間、造水ができなくなること、コストがかかることおよびその洗浄廃液処理の観点から、できるだけ回数を少なくすることが望まれている。また、界面活性剤などの特殊な薬品を使用する場合は、プロセスラインへの薬品混入を避けるため、オフラインでの洗浄をしなければならないことからも回数を少なくすることが望まれていた。
これらの対策の一つとして、殺菌剤を含んでもよい逆洗処理において、薬品浸漬工程を設けて膜の洗浄効果を向上する方法が報告されている(例えば、特許文献2、特許文献3)。
In a water treatment apparatus using a membrane, fouling occurs due to long-time operation, and the filtration performance deteriorates. Therefore, in the operation cycle, after a filtering process for a predetermined time, physical cleaning is performed to reduce fouling. Physical cleaning includes backflow cleaning (hereinafter referred to as backwashing) that reverses membrane filtered water, flushing by water flow on the primary side of the membrane, and air scrubbing that vibrates the membrane with air. Has been removed.
However, even if these physical cleanings are performed, fouling gradually progresses, and a film clogged by fouling is subjected to chemical cleaning. Chemical cleaning is a cleaning method that removes substances that cannot be removed by physical cleaning by decomposing or dissolving them with chemicals, and can restore the filtration capacity of the membrane to an almost initial state (for example, Patent Document 1). However, in chemical cleaning, it is desired to reduce the number of times as much as possible from the viewpoints that water generation cannot be performed during that period, cost is high, and cleaning waste liquid treatment is performed. In addition, when using special chemicals such as surfactants, it has been desired to reduce the number of times because it is necessary to perform off-line cleaning in order to avoid chemical mixing into the process line.
As one of these countermeasures, a method of improving the cleaning effect of the film by providing a chemical dipping process in backwashing treatment that may contain a bactericide has been reported (for example, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3).

しかしながら、これらの方法には以下に示すような問題点があった。
例えば、特許文献2に記載される方法では、浸漬時間が2〜10時間と長いことから、装置の稼働率が極端に悪くなり、高い頻度でこのような浸漬洗浄を実施するような運転では効率が非常に悪く好ましくない。また、薬品を複数使用する記載がないことから、その使用薬品で除去困難な膜目詰り成分が堆積することとなり、従来実施されているようなオフラインでの薬品洗浄を実施せざるを得ない。
また、特許文献3に記載される方法では、塩素水のみしか記載がないことから、特許文献2にて述べたように、その薬品で除去困難な膜目詰り成分が堆積することとなり、オフラインでの薬品洗浄を実施せざるを得ない。また、残留塩素濃度が1〜100mg/L、浸漬時間30〜180秒という浸漬洗浄条件からも膜目詰まり物質を十分に除去できないため、薬品洗浄を実施しなければならないことが公報に明記されている。
However, these methods have the following problems.
For example, in the method described in Patent Document 2, since the immersion time is as long as 2 to 10 hours, the operation rate of the apparatus is extremely deteriorated, and the efficiency is high in an operation in which such immersion cleaning is performed at a high frequency. Is very bad and undesirable. In addition, since there is no description of using a plurality of chemicals, film clogging components that are difficult to remove with the chemicals used accumulate, and it is necessary to perform off-line chemical cleaning as conventionally performed.
In addition, in the method described in Patent Document 3, since only chlorine water is described, as described in Patent Document 2, film clogging components that are difficult to remove with the chemicals are deposited, and offline. We have to carry out chemical cleaning. Also, it is clearly stated in the official gazette that chemical cleaning must be carried out because the film clogging substances cannot be sufficiently removed from the immersion cleaning conditions of residual chlorine concentration of 1 to 100 mg / L and immersion time of 30 to 180 seconds. Yes.

特開平6−238135号公報JP-A-6-238135 特開平8−197053号公報JP-A-8-197053 特開平10−15365号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-15365

上記特許においては使用する薬品の種類、濃度についての記載があるが、添加方法、添加濃度の確認方法に関する記載がされていない。浸漬洗浄により発生した排液は系外へ排出される。薬品浸漬を実施する場合、薬品を添加し目的濃度に調整されるまでの時間が長ければ、排出量が多くなる。排出量が多くなれば、膜ろ過水の回収率低下、排液処理費用が高くなり、ランニングコストが高くなる。
また薬品浸漬に引き続きすすぎ工程を行う場合、洗浄時間が短ければ配水中への薬品の混入の可能性があり、洗浄時間が長くなると、膜ろ過水の回収率が低下すし、排液が多くなるために排液処理費用が高くなる。また、浸漬に使用する薬品の濃度決定については、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムは残留塩素濃度計で測定することが可能であるが、クエン酸等の有機酸を使用した場合には、硫酸などの無機酸と比較して、通常添加される濃度範囲ではpHの変化が小さいため濃度の決定が困難である。また全有機炭素計の使用もあげられるが、オンラインで迅速に測定することが難しい。
In the above patent, there is a description about the type and concentration of the chemical used, but there is no description about the addition method and the method for confirming the addition concentration. The drainage generated by the immersion cleaning is discharged out of the system. When chemical immersion is performed, the amount of discharge increases if the time until the chemical is added and adjusted to the target concentration is long. If the amount of discharge increases, the recovery rate of membrane filtration water decreases, the cost of drainage treatment increases, and the running cost increases.
In addition, when the rinsing process is performed following chemical immersion, there is a possibility that chemicals may be mixed into the water distribution if the cleaning time is short, and if the cleaning time is long, the recovery rate of membrane filtrate will decrease and the drainage will increase. For this reason, the cost of the drainage treatment is increased. Regarding the determination of the concentration of chemicals used for immersion, sodium hypochlorite can be measured with a residual chlorine concentration meter. However, when organic acids such as citric acid are used, inorganic substances such as sulfuric acid are used. Compared with acids, it is difficult to determine the concentration because the change in pH is small in the concentration range usually added. The total organic carbon meter can also be used, but it is difficult to measure quickly online.

本発明の課題は、従来から問題点として指摘されていたオフラインでの薬品洗浄あるいは装置稼働率を低下させる薬品洗浄を実施する必要がほとんどなく、またランニングコストを低減することが可能な新規膜洗浄方法を提供することにある。   The problem of the present invention is that there is almost no need to perform off-line chemical cleaning that has been pointed out as a problem conventionally or chemical cleaning that lowers the operating rate of the apparatus, and novel membrane cleaning that can reduce running cost It is to provide a method.

上記課題は次のような方法により解決される。
すなわち、ろ過膜が浸漬される逆流洗浄液(以下、逆洗液ということがある)あるいはろ過液に薬品を注入する注入処理工程、ろ過膜に薬品を含有する液を接触処理させる接触処理工程、および前記薬品をろ過膜から除去するすすぎ処理工程を含むろ過膜の洗浄方法において、前記処理工程での薬品の濃度を電気伝導度により測定し、電気伝導度が所定の値に達するまで該処理を続けることを特徴とする(請求項1の発明)。また、前記処理工程での薬品の濃度を電気伝導度により測定し、電気伝導度が所定の値に達したときには、該処理を取りやめ、次の工程に移行することを特徴とする。
The above problems are solved by the following method.
That is, a back-flow cleaning liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as backwashing liquid) or an injection processing step of injecting a chemical into the filtrate, a contact processing step of contacting a filtration membrane with a liquid containing the chemical, and In a filtration membrane cleaning method including a rinsing treatment step for removing the chemical from the filtration membrane, the concentration of the chemical in the treatment step is measured by electric conductivity, and the treatment is continued until the electric conductivity reaches a predetermined value. (Invention of claim 1). Further, the chemical concentration in the treatment step is measured by electric conductivity, and when the electric conductivity reaches a predetermined value, the treatment is canceled and the process proceeds to the next step.

例えば、ろ過膜が浸漬される逆洗液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまで、ろ過膜が浸漬される液に薬品の注入処理を続行し(請求項2の発明)、ろ過膜通過後のすすぎ液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまで、ろ過膜のすすぎ処理を続ける(請求項3の発明)。
請求項2の発明は、ろ過膜が浸漬される逆洗液あるいはろ過液の電気伝導度が所定値に達したときには、前記薬品注入処理を取りやめ、次の工程に移行する。次の工程は、通常では、ろ過膜に薬品を含有する液を接触させる工程であるとも記載できる。
請求項3の発明は、ろ過膜通過後のすすぎ液の電気伝導度が所定値に達したときには、前記すすぎ処理を取りやめ、次の工程に移行する。次の工程は、通常では、当該ろ過膜を用いる処理すべき原水の膜ろ過処理工程であるとも記載できる。
For example, the chemical injection process is continued in the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed until the electrical conductivity of the backwash liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed reaches a predetermined value (invention of claim 2), and after passing through the filtration membrane. The rinsing treatment of the filtration membrane is continued until the electrical conductivity of the rinsing liquid reaches a predetermined value (invention of claim 3).
According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the electrical conductivity of the backwash liquid or the filtrate in which the filter membrane is immersed reaches a predetermined value, the chemical injection process is canceled and the process proceeds to the next step. It can also be described that the next step is usually a step of bringing a liquid containing a chemical into contact with the filtration membrane.
In the invention of claim 3, when the electric conductivity of the rinsing liquid after passing through the filtration membrane reaches a predetermined value, the rinsing process is canceled and the process proceeds to the next step. It can also be described that the next step is usually a membrane filtration treatment step of raw water to be treated using the filtration membrane.

用いる薬品はクエン酸、硫酸、水酸化ナトリウムまたは次亜塩素酸ナトリウムのいずれかが好ましく(請求項4の発明)、前記ろ過膜の洗浄方法を実施する頻度は6回/日〜1回/週程度と少なくてすむ(請求項5の発明)。なお、例えば、水酸化ナトリウムと次亜塩素酸ナトリウムのように、化合物を2種類あるいはそれ以上共存させてもよい場合がある。   The chemical used is preferably citric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, or sodium hypochlorite (Invention of Claim 4), and the frequency of performing the filtration membrane cleaning method is 6 times / day to 1 time / week. It can be reduced to the extent (the invention of claim 5). In some cases, for example, two or more compounds may coexist, such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明で使用できるろ過膜はとくに制限されないのであるが、たとえば精密ろ過膜(MF膜)、限外ろ過膜(UF膜)などが使用可能である。
上記ろ過膜を含む膜モジュールも特に制限されないのであるが、具体的には平膜型モジュール、中空糸型モジュール、管型モジュールなどが使用可能である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The filtration membrane that can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a microfiltration membrane (MF membrane), an ultrafiltration membrane (UF membrane), or the like can be used.
The membrane module including the filtration membrane is not particularly limited, and specifically, a flat membrane type module, a hollow fiber type module, a tube type module, and the like can be used.

本発明では上記ろ過膜に下記原水あるいは膜供給水を通過処理させるのであるが、とくに全量ろ過法により膜ろ過することが好ましい。しかし全量ろ過法以外の運転方法により原水を膜ろ過してもよい。しかし全量ろ過法以外の運転方法により処理水を製造してもよい。
本発明での原水としては、具体的には河川水、湖沼水、地下水などが好ましいが、これらに何ら限定されない。下水、工場廃水等も利用できる。
これら原水が適度に清浄であれば、そのまま使用してもよいが、通常は前処理を施すことが有利である。たとえば、あらかじめ原水を放置して沈降物を除去する処理、あるいは凝集剤を加え、攪拌処理して、汚濁物質をある程度除去する処理などをあげることができるが、これらの処理に限定されることはない。
膜ろ過される原水の固形分濃度は、通常、約0.001〜1000mg/Lの範囲である。
原水には、予め凝集剤を添加することが好ましい。用いる凝集剤は水処理の分野で使用する一般的な凝集剤を使用すればよい。凝集剤の添加量は原水の濁度、フミン酸等の有機物の量により異なり、一概に規定できないが、1から200mg/L程度の範囲におさまる場合が多い。通常の河川の表流水では、10〜20mg/Lの範囲である。
In the present invention, the following raw water or membrane feed water is allowed to pass through the filtration membrane, and it is particularly preferable to perform membrane filtration by a total filtration method. However, the raw water may be subjected to membrane filtration by an operation method other than the total amount filtration method. However, the treated water may be produced by an operation method other than the total amount filtration method.
Specifically, the raw water in the present invention is preferably river water, lake water, ground water, or the like, but is not limited thereto. Sewage and factory wastewater can also be used.
If these raw waters are reasonably clean, they may be used as they are, but usually pretreatment is advantageous. For example, the raw water can be left in advance to remove the sediment, or a flocculant is added and stirred to remove the contaminants to some extent. Absent.
The solid concentration of raw water to be membrane-filtered is usually in the range of about 0.001 to 1000 mg / L.
It is preferable to add a flocculant to the raw water in advance. As the flocculant to be used, a general flocculant used in the field of water treatment may be used. The amount of the flocculant added depends on the turbidity of the raw water and the amount of organic substances such as humic acid, and cannot be generally specified, but often falls within the range of 1 to 200 mg / L. In normal river surface water, it is in the range of 10-20 mg / L.

上記ろ過膜に原水あるいは膜供給水を所定時間通過処理させた後、当該ろ過膜を逆洗することが好ましく、逆洗処理を所定回数行った後に、ろ過膜を薬品洗浄処理することが好ましい。この処理により、逆洗処理することによっても除去しきれないろ過膜の堆積物などを除去することが可能となる。
この薬品処理を、本発明ではオフラインではなく、オンライン処理することに一つの特徴がある。
It is preferable that after the raw water or the membrane supply water is passed through the filtration membrane for a predetermined time, the filtration membrane is backwashed, and after the backwash treatment is performed a predetermined number of times, the filtration membrane is preferably subjected to a chemical cleaning treatment. By this treatment, it is possible to remove filtration membrane deposits and the like that cannot be removed even by backwashing treatment.
In the present invention, this chemical processing is characterized in that it is processed online instead of offline.

本発明では、用いる薬液はこの分野で用いられる一般的な薬品であって、しかも水溶液としたときにその濃度を電気伝導度にて測定することできる薬品であればとくに制限されない。また、薬品洗浄時に用いることができる薬品はいろいろあるが、実際に使用する薬品は、原水のろ過によるろ過膜への堆積物やろ過する原水の性状に大きく影響されるのであって、一概に規定することができない。好ましい薬品としては、硫酸、塩酸などの無機酸、水酸化ナトリウム、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムなどのアルカリ性を示す無機塩あるいは酸化剤として知られる無機塩、シュウ酸、クエン酸、アスコルビン酸、エリソルビン酸などの有機酸あるいはそれらの塩などが挙げられるが、それらに限定されないのであって、ろ過膜を洗浄できる薬品であって、アルカリ性あるいは酸性を示す薬品ならば使用可能である。それらの薬品の中では、クエン酸、硫酸、水酸化ナトリウムまたは次亜塩素酸ナトリウムのいずれかがとくに好ましい。なお、例えば、水酸化ナトリウムと次亜塩素酸ナトリウムのように、化合物を2種類あるいはそれ以上併用することができる場合がある。   In the present invention, the chemical solution to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a common chemical used in this field, and when it is an aqueous solution, its concentration can be measured by electric conductivity. There are various chemicals that can be used during chemical cleaning, but the actual chemicals used are largely affected by the deposits on the filtration membrane and the properties of the raw water to be filtered. Can not do it. Preferred chemicals include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, inorganic salts showing alkalinity such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, or inorganic salts known as oxidizing agents, oxalic acid, citric acid, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, etc. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and any chemical that can wash the filter membrane and that exhibits alkalinity or acidity can be used. Among these chemicals, citric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite is particularly preferable. In some cases, two or more compounds can be used in combination, such as sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite.

前記薬品を、ろ過膜が浸漬されている液内に注入し、電気伝導度が所定値に達するまで注入する。注入された薬品の濃度と電気伝導度との関係を、予め実験データとして用意しておくことが好ましい。
ろ過膜が浸漬されている液としては、逆流洗浄液あるいはろ過処理された水が好ましい。ろ過膜が浸漬されている液内に注入する薬品の必要量は予め実験して調べておき、その値よりも多少高めの量を実際のろ過膜の洗浄時には使用することが好ましい。
薬品を注入する手段あるいはその方法は一般的な方法を採用すればよいのであり、とくに制限されない。
The said chemical | drug | medicine is inject | poured in the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed, and is inject | poured until electrical conductivity reaches a predetermined value. It is preferable that the relationship between the concentration of the injected chemical and the electrical conductivity is prepared in advance as experimental data.
The liquid in which the filter membrane is immersed is preferably a backwashing liquid or filtered water. It is preferable that the necessary amount of chemicals to be injected into the liquid in which the filter membrane is immersed is examined in advance, and an amount slightly higher than that value is used when cleaning the actual filter membrane.
The means for injecting the medicine or its method may be a general method and is not particularly limited.

ろ過膜が浸漬されている液内に薬品を必要量注入した後は、ろ過膜を薬品と接触処理する。接触させる時間は、予め実験して調べておき、その値よりも多少長めの時間を実際のろ過膜の洗浄時には採用することが好ましい。   After injecting the required amount of chemical into the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed, the filtration membrane is contacted with the chemical. It is preferable that the contact time is experimentally examined in advance, and a time slightly longer than that value is employed when the actual filtration membrane is washed.

ろ過膜を薬品と所定時間接触処理し、ろ過膜に付着した堆積物などを除去した後は、当該薬品を除去する。前記ろ過膜を逆洗水あるいはろ過水にてすすぎ、薬品を除去する。このすすぎ液の電気伝導度を測定し、使用した逆洗水あるいはろ過水の電気伝導度と同じ値となったときには、薬品の除去は完了したと判断し、すすぎ処理をそれ以上行わないことにする。
このすすぎ処理は、一般的な方法を用いればよいのであり、とくに制限されない。
The filtration membrane is contacted with the chemical for a predetermined time, and after removing the deposits attached to the filtration membrane, the chemical is removed. The filtration membrane is rinsed with backwash water or filtered water to remove chemicals. When the electrical conductivity of this rinse solution is measured and the same electrical conductivity as that of the used backwash water or filtered water is obtained, it is determined that the removal of the chemical has been completed and no further rinsing treatment is performed. To do.
This rinsing process may be performed by a general method and is not particularly limited.

請求項1記載のろ過膜の洗浄方法を実施する頻度が6回/日〜1回/週程度で十分である。   The frequency of carrying out the filtration membrane cleaning method according to claim 1 is about 6 times / day to once / week.

本発明で洗浄処理したろ過膜は逆洗処理しても除去することが出来なかった堆積物等も除去することができる。この洗浄処理したろ過膜は、再び、処理すべき原水の処理膜として利用できる。   The filtration membrane washed by the present invention can remove deposits and the like that could not be removed by the back washing treatment. This washed filtration membrane can be used again as a raw water treatment membrane to be treated.

上述のように、本発明によれば、膜ろ過装置を用いた水処理法であって、通常の逆洗に加えて薬品を添加した浸漬洗浄工程および添加した薬品のすすぎ工程を実施する膜の洗浄方法において、使用する薬品の濃度を電気伝導度により決定することで、薬品を添加した浸漬洗浄における薬品濃度を適正化することが可能であるため、オフラインでの薬品洗浄を実施する必要が殆どなく、処理水の回収率の低下を抑制することができ、排出液が低減できることからランニングコストの低減が可能となる。   As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a water treatment method using a membrane filtration device, which is a membrane for performing a dip washing process in which a chemical is added in addition to a normal backwash and a rinse process of the added chemical. In the cleaning method, it is possible to optimize the chemical concentration in immersion cleaning with the addition of chemicals by determining the concentration of chemicals to be used based on the electrical conductivity. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the reduction in the recovery rate of the treated water and reduce the discharged liquid, thereby reducing the running cost.

発明の実施の形態BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

以下、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。なお、本発明はこの実施の形態によって制限されるものではない。
(実施の形態)
図1に本発明における実施の形態に係る構成図を示す。
水処理装置は、ろ過工程、逆洗工程、クエン酸注入逆洗工程および次亜塩素酸注入逆洗工程から成り立っており、それぞれの運転条件は原水条件などに応じて決められる。
ろ過工程は、運転ポンプ(3)を起動するとともに、膜入口バルブ(4)、膜出口バルブ(6)および逆洗タンク入口バルブ(7)を開として、原水タンク(2)に流入した原水(1)を運転ポンプ(3)にて膜(5)へ送水し、ろ過を行うもので、ろ過された水は逆洗タンク(8)を経て処理水(9)となる。
逆洗工程は、逆洗ポンプ(10)を起動するとともに、逆洗バルブ(11)、膜出口バルブ(6)および洗浄排水バルブ(12)を開として、逆洗タンク(8)の水を逆洗ポンプ(10)にて膜の二次側から膜へと送水し膜を洗浄するもので、洗浄排水(13)は、洗浄排水バルブ(12)より系外へと排出される。
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is not limited by this embodiment.
(Embodiment)
FIG. 1 shows a configuration diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The water treatment apparatus includes a filtration process, a backwash process, a citric acid injection backwash process, and a hypochlorous acid injection backwash process, and each operation condition is determined according to raw water conditions and the like.
The filtration process starts the operation pump (3) and opens the membrane inlet valve (4), the membrane outlet valve (6), and the backwash tank inlet valve (7) to open the raw water flowing into the raw water tank (2) ( 1) is sent to the membrane (5) by the operation pump (3) and filtered, and the filtered water becomes treated water (9) through the backwash tank (8).
In the backwashing process, the backwashing pump (10) is started and the backwashing valve (11), the membrane outlet valve (6) and the washing drainage valve (12) are opened to reverse the water in the backwashing tank (8). The washing pump (10) feeds water from the secondary side of the membrane to the membrane to wash the membrane, and the washing drainage (13) is discharged out of the system through the washing drainage valve (12).

ろ過工程と逆洗工程を所定回数実施したところもしくは膜差圧が所定値に達した時点で、逆洗工程の代わりとして、クエン酸注入逆洗工程および次亜塩素酸ナトリウムが行われる。これは、通常の逆洗に続けてクエン酸および次亜塩素酸ナトリウムによる浸漬洗浄を実施するもので、逆洗を行っている状態で、クエン酸注入ポンプ(15)により、クエン酸タンク(14)よりクエン酸をクエン酸注入バルブ(16)を通じて注入し、膜(5)が所定のクエン酸濃度となるようにする。このクエン酸濃度に相当する電気伝導度をあらかじめ測定しておき、洗浄排水バルブ(12)より系外へと排出される排出液の電気伝導度を電気伝導度計(20)による指示値が所定の値に到達した時点でクエン酸注入ポンプ(15)を停止し、クエン酸注入バルブ(16)を閉止し、膜入口バルブ(4)、膜出口バルブ(6)および洗浄排水バルブ(12)を閉じて、所定時間の浸漬を行う。所定時間の浸漬が経過した後、膜(5)のすすぎ工程として、膜ろ過水を用いた逆洗を実施し、膜(5)内のクエン酸を排出する。排出時においては電気伝導度計(20)による指示値が原水の電気伝導度と同等になった時点で排出を終了し、ろ過工程に移行する。   When the filtration step and the backwashing step are performed a predetermined number of times or when the membrane differential pressure reaches a predetermined value, a citric acid injection backwashing step and sodium hypochlorite are performed instead of the backwashing step. In this method, immersion washing with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite is carried out following normal back washing, and in the state of back washing, a citric acid tank (14 ) To inject citric acid through the citric acid injection valve (16) so that the membrane (5) has a predetermined citric acid concentration. The electrical conductivity corresponding to the citric acid concentration is measured in advance, and the electrical conductivity of the discharged liquid discharged from the washing drain valve (12) to the outside of the system is determined by a predetermined value by the electrical conductivity meter (20). When this value is reached, the citric acid injection pump (15) is stopped, the citric acid injection valve (16) is closed, the membrane inlet valve (4), the membrane outlet valve (6) and the washing drain valve (12) are turned off. Close and soak for a predetermined time. After immersion for a predetermined time, as a rinsing step of the membrane (5), backwashing using membrane filtered water is performed, and citric acid in the membrane (5) is discharged. At the time of discharge, the discharge ends when the indicated value by the electric conductivity meter (20) becomes equal to the electric conductivity of the raw water, and the process proceeds to the filtration step.

また、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗工程も、ろ過工程と逆洗工程を所定回数実施したところもしくは膜差圧が所定値に達した時点で、逆洗工程の代わりとして行われる。これは、通常の逆洗に続けて硫酸による浸漬洗浄を実施するもので、逆洗を行っている状態で、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入ポンプ(18)により、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムタンク(17)より次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入バルブ(19)を通じて注入し、膜(5)が所定の残留塩素濃度となるようにする。この次亜塩素酸ナトリウム濃度に相当する電気伝導度をあらかじめ測定しておき、洗浄排水バルブ(12)より系外へと排出される排出液の電気伝導度を電気伝導度計(20)による指示値が所定の値に到達した時点で次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入ポンプ(15)を停止し、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入バルブ(16)を閉止し、膜入口バルブ(4)、膜出口バルブ(6)および洗浄排水バルブ(12)を閉じて、所定時間の浸漬を行う。所定時間の浸漬が経過した後、膜(5)のリンスとして、膜ろ過水を用いた逆洗を実施し、膜(5)内の次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを排出する。排出時においては電気伝導度計(20)による指示値が原水の電気伝導度と同等になった時点で排出を終了し、ろ過工程に移行する。   The sodium hypochlorite injection backwashing process is also performed as a substitute for the backwashing process when the filtration process and the backwashing process are performed a predetermined number of times or when the membrane pressure difference reaches a predetermined value. This is to perform immersion washing with sulfuric acid following normal backwashing, and in the state of backwashing, a sodium hypochlorite tank (17) by a sodium hypochlorite injection pump (18). More sodium hypochlorite is injected through a sodium hypochlorite injection valve (19) so that the membrane (5) has a predetermined residual chlorine concentration. The electrical conductivity corresponding to this sodium hypochlorite concentration is measured in advance, and the electrical conductivity of the effluent discharged from the washing drain valve (12) to the outside of the system is indicated by the electrical conductivity meter (20). When the value reaches a predetermined value, the sodium hypochlorite injection pump (15) is stopped, the sodium hypochlorite injection valve (16) is closed, the membrane inlet valve (4), and the membrane outlet valve (6 ) And the washing drain valve (12) are closed, and immersion is performed for a predetermined time. After immersion for a predetermined time, as a rinse of the membrane (5), backwashing using membrane filtered water is performed, and sodium hypochlorite in the membrane (5) is discharged. At the time of discharge, when the indicated value by the electric conductivity meter (20) becomes equal to the electric conductivity of the raw water, the discharge is terminated and the process proceeds to the filtration step.

ここで、クエン酸注入逆洗と次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗は続けて実施してもよい。また、その順序もどちらを先に実施してもよい。
なお、クエン酸注入逆洗および次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗の頻度は原水水質などに合わせて適宜対応することが望ましい。
Here, citric acid injection backwashing and sodium hypochlorite injection backwashing may be performed in succession. Further, either order may be performed first.
In addition, it is desirable that the frequency of backwashing with citric acid injection and sodium hypochlorite injection is appropriately handled according to the quality of raw water.

以下、本発明を実施例に基づき具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例になんら限定されない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated concretely based on an Example, this invention is not limited to these Examples at all.

(実施例1)
膜面積40m2、分画分子量150,000〜200,000Da、内径0.8mmのポリエーテルスルホン/ポリビニルピロリドン混合製の内圧中空糸膜を用いて運転を行った。膜ろ過流束は2.5m3/(m2・日)とし、ろ過60分毎に逆洗を実施した。また、クエン酸濃度が100mg/L、浸漬時間が60分のクエン酸注入逆洗を23回実施するごとに行った。この時のクエン酸注入時の濃度を電気伝導度により決定した。図2にクエン酸の濃度と電気伝導度およびpHの関係を示す。図2に示したように、本実験において適用するクエン酸の濃度範囲においては濃度と電気伝導度は比例関係にあり、pHはクエン酸の濃度が500mg/L以上では変化が小さいことから、クエン酸濃度は電気伝導度により制御するほうが容易である。本実験において膜ろ過水にクエン酸100mg/Lを添加した場合の電気伝導度は130μSであった。クエン酸による浸漬洗浄工程の後、すすぎ工程として、膜ろ過水を用いた逆洗を実施し、排出水の電気伝導度が原水と同等となった時点ですすぎ工程を終了し、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗工程に移行した。
Example 1
The operation was carried out using an internal pressure hollow fiber membrane made of a polyethersulfone / polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture having a membrane area of 40 m 2 , a molecular weight cut off of 150,000 to 200,000 Da and an inner diameter of 0.8 mm. The membrane filtration flux was 2.5 m 3 / (m 2 · day), and backwashing was performed every 60 minutes of filtration. Moreover, it carried out every time when the citric acid concentration was 100 mg / L and the citric acid injection backwash was performed 23 times for 60 minutes. The concentration at the time of citric acid injection was determined by electric conductivity. FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the concentration of citric acid, electrical conductivity, and pH. As shown in FIG. 2, the concentration and electric conductivity are proportional to each other in the citric acid concentration range applied in this experiment, and the change in pH is small when the citric acid concentration is 500 mg / L or more. It is easier to control the acid concentration by electric conductivity. In this experiment, the electric conductivity when citric acid 100 mg / L was added to the membrane filtrate was 130 μS. After the immersion cleaning process with citric acid, backwashing with membrane filtered water was performed as a rinsing process, and the rinsing process was completed when the electrical conductivity of the discharged water became equivalent to that of the raw water. Hypochlorous acid It moved to the sodium injection back washing process.

(実施例2)
実施例1と同様の内圧中空糸膜を用いて運転を行った。膜ろ過流束は2.5m3/(m2・日)とし、ろ過60分毎に逆洗を実施した。クエン酸濃度が100mg/L、浸漬時間が60分のクエン酸注入逆洗を23回実施するごとに行った。上記工程に引き続き、残留塩素濃度が100mg/L、浸漬時間が60分の次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗をろ過工程を23回実施するごと実施した。図3に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの濃度と電気伝導度およびpHの関係を示す。図3より本実験において適用する次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの濃度範囲においては濃度と電気伝導度は比例関係にあり、pHは35mg/L以上の濃度においては変化が小さいことから、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムは電気伝導度により制御するほうが容易である。
本実験において膜ろ過水に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを添加した場合の電気伝導度は1010μSであった。次亜塩素酸ナトリウムによる浸漬洗浄工程の後、すすぎ工程として、膜ろ過水を用いた逆洗を実施し、排出水の電気伝導度が原水と同等となった時点ですすぎ工程を終了し、ろ過工程へ移行した。
実施例1および2よりクエン酸逆洗およびすすぎ工程、次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗およびすすぎ工程において電気伝導度により薬品濃度を決定することが可能であり、またクエン酸注入逆洗と次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入逆洗を続けて実施した場合においても、薬品濃度の決定が容易であった。
(Example 2)
The operation was carried out using the same internal pressure hollow fiber membrane as in Example 1. The membrane filtration flux was 2.5 m 3 / (m 2 · day), and backwashing was performed every 60 minutes of filtration. A citric acid injection backwash was performed 23 times each with a citric acid concentration of 100 mg / L and an immersion time of 60 minutes. Subsequent to the above steps, backwashing with sodium hypochlorite injection with a residual chlorine concentration of 100 mg / L and an immersion time of 60 minutes was carried out every 23 filtration steps. FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, electrical conductivity, and pH. FIG. 3 shows that sodium hypochlorite has a proportional relationship in the concentration range of sodium hypochlorite applied in this experiment, and the change in pH is small at concentrations of 35 mg / L or higher. Is easier to control by electrical conductivity.
In this experiment, the electrical conductivity when sodium hypochlorite was added to the membrane filtrate was 1010 μS. After the immersion cleaning process with sodium hypochlorite, backwashing with membrane filtered water is performed as a rinsing process, and the rinsing process is completed when the electrical conductivity of the discharged water becomes equivalent to that of the raw water, followed by filtration. Moved to the process.
From Examples 1 and 2, it is possible to determine the chemical concentration by electric conductivity in the citric acid backwashing and rinsing step, sodium hypochlorite injection backwashing and rinsing step, and citric acid injection backwashing and hypoxia. Even when sodium chlorate injection backwashing was continued, the chemical concentration was easily determined.

本発明は次のように記載することもできる。
(1)ろ過膜が浸漬される逆流洗浄液に薬品を注入する注入処理工程、ろ過膜に薬品を含有する液を接触処理させる接触処理工程、および前記薬品をろ過膜から除去するすすぎ処理工程を含む水の処理方法において、前記処理工程での薬品の濃度を電気伝導度により測定し、電気伝導度が所定の値に達するまで該処理を続けることを特徴とする水の処理方法。
(2)ろ過膜が浸漬される液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまでろ過膜が浸漬される液に薬品を注入することを特徴とする上記(1)の水の処理方法。
(3)ろ過膜が浸漬される液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまでろ過膜に薬品を含有する液を接触させることを特徴とする上記(1)の水の処理方法。
(4)ろ過膜のすすぎ液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまでろ過膜のすすぎ処理を続けることを特徴とする上記(1)の水の処理方法。
(5)薬品がクエン酸または次亜塩素酸ナトリウムであることを特徴とする上記(1)〜(4)のいずれかの水の処理方法。
(6)上記(1)のろ過膜の洗浄を実施する頻度が6回/日〜1回/週であることを特徴とする水の処理方法。
The present invention can also be described as follows.
(1) It includes an injection treatment step for injecting chemicals into the backwashing liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed, a contact treatment step for contacting the filtration membrane with a liquid containing chemicals, and a rinsing treatment step for removing the chemicals from the filtration membrane. In the water treatment method, the chemical concentration in the treatment step is measured by electric conductivity, and the treatment is continued until the electric conductivity reaches a predetermined value.
(2) The water treatment method according to (1) above, wherein a chemical is injected into the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed until the electrical conductivity of the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed reaches a predetermined value.
(3) The water treatment method according to (1) above, wherein a liquid containing a chemical is brought into contact with the filtration membrane until the electric conductivity of the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed reaches a predetermined value.
(4) The method for treating water according to (1) above, wherein the rinsing treatment of the filtration membrane is continued until the electrical conductivity of the rinsing liquid of the filtration membrane reaches a predetermined value.
(5) The method for treating water according to any one of (1) to (4) above, wherein the chemical is citric acid or sodium hypochlorite.
(6) A method for treating water, wherein the frequency of washing the filtration membrane of (1) is 6 times / day to 1 time / week.

本発明の実施の形態1に係る構成図である。It is a block diagram concerning Embodiment 1 of the present invention. クエン酸の濃度と電気伝導度およびpHの関係を示す。The relationship between the concentration of citric acid, electrical conductivity, and pH is shown. 次亜塩素酸ナトリウムの濃度と電気伝導度およびpHの関係を示す。The relationship between sodium hypochlorite concentration, electrical conductivity and pH is shown.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1:原水、
2:原水タンク、
3:運転ポンプ、
4:膜入口バルブ、
5:膜、
6:膜出口バルブ、
7:逆洗タンク入口バルブ、
8:逆洗タンク、
9:処理水、
10:逆洗ポンプ、
11:逆洗バルブ、
12:逆洗排水バルブ、
13:逆洗排水、
14:クエン酸タンク、
15:クエン酸注入ポンプ、
16:クエン酸注入バルブ、
17:次亜塩素酸ナトリウムタンク、
18:次亜塩素酸ナトリウムポンプ、
19:次亜塩素酸ナトリウム注入バルブ、
20:電気伝導度計






1: Raw water,
2: Raw water tank,
3: Operation pump,
4: Membrane inlet valve,
5: membrane
6: Membrane outlet valve,
7: Backwash tank inlet valve,
8: Backwash tank
9: treated water,
10: Backwash pump,
11: Backwash valve,
12: Backwash drain valve
13: Backwash drainage
14: Citric acid tank,
15: citric acid infusion pump,
16: Citric acid injection valve,
17: Sodium hypochlorite tank,
18: Sodium hypochlorite pump,
19: Sodium hypochlorite injection valve,
20: Electric conductivity meter






Claims (5)

ろ過膜が浸漬される逆流洗浄液あるいはろ過液に薬品を注入する注入処理工程、ろ過膜に薬品を含有する液を接触処理させる接触処理工程と、前記薬品をろ過膜から除去するすすぎ処理工程とを含むろ過膜の洗浄方法において、前記処理工程の少なくとも一つの工程における薬品の濃度を電気伝導度により測定し、電気伝導度が所定の値に達するまで該工程での処理を続けることを特徴とするろ過膜の洗浄方法。 An injection treatment process for injecting chemicals into the backwashing liquid or the filtrate in which the filtration membrane is immersed, a contact treatment process for contacting the filtration membrane with a liquid containing chemicals, and a rinsing treatment process for removing the chemicals from the filtration membrane. In the filtration membrane cleaning method, the concentration of the chemical in at least one of the treatment steps is measured by electric conductivity, and the treatment in the step is continued until the electric conductivity reaches a predetermined value. Filtration membrane cleaning method. ろ過膜が浸漬される逆流洗浄液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまで、ろ過膜が浸漬される液に薬品の注入処理を続けることを特徴とする請求項1記載のろ過膜の洗浄方法。 2. The method of cleaning a filtration membrane according to claim 1, wherein the chemical injection process is continued in the liquid in which the filtration membrane is immersed until the electrical conductivity of the backflow cleaning solution in which the filtration membrane is immersed reaches a predetermined value. ろ過膜通過後のすすぎ液の電気伝導度が所定値に達するまで、ろ過膜のすすぎ処理を続けることを特徴とする請求項1記載のろ過膜の洗浄方法。 2. The filtration membrane cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein the rinsing process of the filtration membrane is continued until the electrical conductivity of the rinsing liquid after passing through the filtration membrane reaches a predetermined value. 薬品がクエン酸、硫酸、水酸化ナトリウムまたは次亜塩素酸ナトリウムのいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載のろ過膜の洗浄方法。 The method for cleaning a filtration membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chemical is any one of citric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, or sodium hypochlorite. 請求項1記載のろ過膜の洗浄方法を実施する頻度が6回/日〜1回/週であることを特徴とするろ過膜の洗浄方法。

The frequency of performing the washing method of the filtration membrane of Claim 1 is 6 times / day-once / week, The washing method of the filtration membrane characterized by the above-mentioned.

JP2006074143A 2006-03-17 2006-03-17 Method of cleaning filter membrane Pending JP2007245051A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102814123A (en) * 2012-09-12 2012-12-12 西安兴仪启动发电试运有限公司 Reverse osmosis membrane chemical cleaning method
JP2013000629A (en) * 2011-06-14 2013-01-07 Japan Organo Co Ltd Backwashing method of long-fiber filtering device, and backwashing device of long-fiber filtering device
CN109603559A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-12 上海丰信环保科技有限公司 A kind of the film off-line cleaning device and cleaning method of separated type MBR

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JPS5873371A (en) * 1981-10-27 1983-05-02 旭化成株式会社 Removal of pyrogen
JP2005087887A (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-04-07 Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd Membrane washing method
JP2005103510A (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-04-21 Daicen Membrane Systems Ltd Method for cleaning liquid chemical
JP2005131630A (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-26 Huabang Electronic Co Ltd Method for washing reverse osmosis membrane, and waste water recovering method using this method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5873371A (en) * 1981-10-27 1983-05-02 旭化成株式会社 Removal of pyrogen
JP2005087887A (en) * 2003-09-17 2005-04-07 Fuji Electric Systems Co Ltd Membrane washing method
JP2005103510A (en) * 2003-10-02 2005-04-21 Daicen Membrane Systems Ltd Method for cleaning liquid chemical
JP2005131630A (en) * 2003-10-29 2005-05-26 Huabang Electronic Co Ltd Method for washing reverse osmosis membrane, and waste water recovering method using this method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013000629A (en) * 2011-06-14 2013-01-07 Japan Organo Co Ltd Backwashing method of long-fiber filtering device, and backwashing device of long-fiber filtering device
CN102814123A (en) * 2012-09-12 2012-12-12 西安兴仪启动发电试运有限公司 Reverse osmosis membrane chemical cleaning method
CN102814123B (en) * 2012-09-12 2014-10-15 西安兴仪启动发电试运有限公司 Reverse osmosis membrane chemical cleaning method
CN109603559A (en) * 2018-12-28 2019-04-12 上海丰信环保科技有限公司 A kind of the film off-line cleaning device and cleaning method of separated type MBR

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