JP3735883B2 - Membrane separation apparatus and membrane module cleaning method - Google Patents

Membrane separation apparatus and membrane module cleaning method Download PDF

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JP3735883B2
JP3735883B2 JP04849395A JP4849395A JP3735883B2 JP 3735883 B2 JP3735883 B2 JP 3735883B2 JP 04849395 A JP04849395 A JP 04849395A JP 4849395 A JP4849395 A JP 4849395A JP 3735883 B2 JP3735883 B2 JP 3735883B2
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raw water
membrane
acid
water chamber
cleaning
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JPH08243361A (en
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繁樹 沢田
修 竹内
和夫 今井
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法に係り、特に、UF膜(限外濾過膜)、MF膜(精密濾過膜)、RO膜(逆浸透膜)を用いて水中の懸濁物や、有機・無機コロイド、有機・無機溶存物を分離除去するための膜分離装置であって、膜透過流束を高く、安定に維持して効率的な膜分離処理を行うための膜の洗浄手段を設けた膜分離装置と、膜モジュールの洗浄方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
膜分離装置は、河川水や湖沼水などの表流水や、これらに凝集沈殿処理等の浄水処理を施して得られる工業用水や上水中の懸濁物や溶存物を分離して、高度な浄水を得る分野において、或いは、工場や家庭、下水処理場から排出される排水中の懸濁物や溶存物を分離して再利用を図る浄化設備等の分野において、広く用いられている。
【0003】
河川水や湖沼水などの表流水にポリ塩化アルミニウム等の凝集剤を添加して、凝集・沈殿・濾過等の固液分離処理を施して得られる分離水を原水として、膜分離装置で処理する場合、凝集・沈殿・濾過等の固液分離手段から漏洩した凝集剤由来の微量の水酸化アルミニウム等が膜面に付着して膜分離装置の分離性能を低下させるという問題がある。
【0004】
このような問題を解決すべく、上記固液分離手段の後段、即ち膜分離装置の前段に、酸を添加して水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させた後膜分離を行うものが公知である。
【0005】
この方法によれば、膜面に沈着する水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させた後膜分離装置に流入させるため、膜面への水酸化アルミニウムの沈着を防止して、膜分離の運転継続時間を延長することができるという利点がある。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような方法では、MF膜、UF膜などの分離膜を用いた場合には、アルミニウムが溶存状態で膜を通過することとなり、膜分離機能が損なわれる。この場合において、膜透過水を飲用に供するには、透過水の中和処理が必要とされる上に、アルミニウムの除去処理も必要となる。
【0007】
また、上記膜分離後に、RO膜で更に膜分離処理して溶存イオンを除去することも考えられるが、この場合においては、RO膜の給水が低pH水であるために、RO膜の塩阻止率が低下するという問題がある。
【0008】
このようなことから、膜分離装置の原水に酸を添加する公知の方法は、膜性能の低下防止に必ずしも有効な方法とは言えない。
【0009】
一方、有機物汚濁が進んだ表流水を原水として膜分離処理する場合、或いは、下水の二次処理水のようにフミン酸やフルボ酸等の溶存有機成分を多く含む水を原水として膜分離処理する場合においては、水酸化アルミニウム以外に、フミン酸やフルボ酸が膜面に吸着したり、有機コロイドが膜面に沈着して膜の分離性能を損なうという問題がある。
【0010】
このように、膜の分離性能が低下した場合においては、即ち、膜操作圧が上昇した時点において、或いは、透過水量が減少した時点において、膜分離装置の運転を停止して薬品洗浄を実施する必要がある。
【0011】
本発明者らは、膜の洗浄のために、膜分離装置の透過水側(二次側)から薬品を添加して膜を洗浄する装置や、処理水槽の水位を検出して薬品洗浄を行う装置などを提案しているが、洗浄頻度が不定期的であることもあり、十分な洗浄効果が得られていないのが実状である。また、従来においては、薬品洗浄後の洗浄廃液の中和処理などの廃水処理のために、別途廃水処理設備を設ける必要があるという問題もあった。
【0012】
本発明は上記従来の問題点を解決し、膜面を効率的に洗浄することができ、また、洗浄廃液の廃水処理を不要とすることが可能な洗浄手段を備える膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0013】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項1の膜分離装置は、分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールと、該膜モジュールの洗浄手段とを備えてなる膜分離装置において、該洗浄手段は、該膜モジュールの原水室側から酸及びアルカリを原水室に交互に注入する手段と、注入された酸又はアルカリを各々原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環手段と、その後、透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により原水室から注入された酸又はアルカリを排出する逆洗手段とを備えてなることを特徴とする
【0014】
求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、該膜モジュールの原水室側から原水室に酸を注入すると共に注入された酸を原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環を行った後、原水室内の酸を透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により押出し排出する酸洗浄工程と、該膜モジュールの原水室側から原水室にアルカリを注入すると共に注入されたアルカリを原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環を行った後、原水室内のアルカリを透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により押出し排出するアルカリ洗浄工程と、を備えることを特徴とする
【0015】
求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項において、該酸洗浄工程は、酸の注入を停止した後に原水室に酸が注入された状態で所定時間静置保持し、その後逆洗により酸を排出するものであり、該アルカリ洗浄工程は、アルカリの注入を停止した後に原水室にアルカリが注入された状態で所定時間静置保持し、その後逆洗によりアルカリを排出するものであることを特徴とする。
【0016】
請求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項2又は3において、酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は酸及びアルカリの注入量が当量となるように行うことを特徴とする。
【0017】
請求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項ないしのいずれか1項において、まず、酸洗浄工程を行い、次にアルカリ洗浄工程を行うことを特徴とする。
【0018】
請求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項において、該膜モジュールは金属塩よりなる凝集剤が添加された原水を処理したものであることを特徴とする。
【0019】
請求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項ないしのいずれか1項において、まず、アルカリ洗浄工程を行い、次に酸洗浄工程を行うことを特徴とする。
【0020】
請求項の膜モジュールの洗浄方法は、請求項において、該膜モジュールは下水の二次処理水等のフミン酸態の溶存有機物を多く含む原水を処理したものであることを特徴とする。
【0021】
【作用】
本発明によれば、原水の水質に応じて酸洗浄とアルカリ洗浄を交互に行える。即ち、膜分離装置の原水が、ポリ塩化アルミニウムや塩化第二鉄などの金属塩よりなる凝集剤で処理されている場合には、まず、酸を注入して酸洗浄を行い、次に、アルカリを注入してアルカリ洗浄を行うことにより、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。また、下水の二次処理水等の溶存有機物成分を含む原水を処理する膜分離装置であれば、アルカリ注入を先行して行い、その後、酸注入を行うことにより、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。
【0022】
例えば、膜分離装置の原水系にポリ塩化アルミニウムを凝集剤として添加した系においては、一定の時間膜濾過運転を継続すると膜面に水酸化アルミニウムのコロイドが沈着すると共に、水酸化アルミニウムに凝集捕捉されたコロイド状シリカやフミン酸などが水酸化アルミニウムをバインダーとして膜面に付着する。このような付着物が膜面に一定量形成された時点で、まず、酸を注入して水酸化アルミニウムを溶解させ、次いで、アルカリの注入によって、コロイド状シリカやフミン酸を溶解させる。このようにして、付着物を膜面から効率的に溶解除去し、清浄な膜面を露出させることができる。
【0023】
一方、膜分離装置の原水が、下水の二次処理水等のフミン酸態の溶存有機物を多く含む場合には、膜面にフミン酸、多くの場合は、鉄イオン等の錯体を形成したフミン酸が沈着、付着する。この場合には、まず、アルカリを注入することにより、フミン酸成分を溶解し、次に酸を注入してフミン酸と結合していた金属成分を更に溶解させ、これにより膜面から付着物を効率的に除去して清浄な膜を露出させることができる。
【0024】
このように、膜分離装置の原水の水質に応じて、酸洗浄後アルカリ洗浄、或いは、アルカリ洗浄後酸洗浄を適宜選択すると共に、各々の薬品濃度を調整して洗浄を行うことにより、効果的な洗浄を行うことができ、従って、希薄濃度の薬剤で高い洗浄効果を得ることが可能とされ、膜性能を効果的に回復させることができる。
【0025】
また、洗浄に当り、酸とアルカリとを当量使用することにより、洗浄廃液の廃水処理が不要となり、別途廃水処理設備を設けることなく、酸洗浄廃液とアルカリ洗浄廃液とを混合中和して放流することが可能となる。
【0026】
更に、本発明においては、注入した酸又はアルカリを原水側から抜き出すため、透過水側の汚染を防止することができる。
【0027】
【実施例】
以下に図面を参照して、本発明の膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法の実施例について詳細に説明する。
【0028】
1は本発明の膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法の一実施例を示す系統図である
【0029】
図1に示す実施例装置は、加圧循環型の膜モジュールの原水室側に酸及びアルカリを注入して膜面を洗浄する手段を設けたものである。なお、図1の膜分離装置は、循環ポンプPで濃縮水を循環させる型式のものであるが、全量濾過方式の膜分離装置であれば、この循環ポンプは省略される。
【0030】
本実施例の装置において、原水の膜分離処理に当っては、弁V,Vを開、その他の弁を閉、原水ポンプP及び循環ポンプPをオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、原水を配管1,原水槽2,配管3を経て膜モジュール4の原水室4aに供給する。膜モジュール4の膜4Aを透過した透過水は透過水室4bから、配管5を経て抜き出され、逆洗水槽6,配管7を経て処理水として系外へ排出される。一方、濃縮水は、配管8により循環される(濾過工程)。なお、弁Vを開として、濃縮水の一部を配管10から系外へ排出する場合もある。
【0031】
上記濾過工程を所定時間継続し、膜の濾過性能の低下が見られた場合には、弁V,Vを開、その他の弁を閉、循環ポンプP及び逆洗ポンプPをオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、逆洗水槽6内の透過水を、配管9,配管5を経て膜モジュール4の透過水室4bに供給して逆洗を行う。
【0032】
逆洗水は、膜4Aを透過する間に膜面の付着物を剥離させ、更に、原水室4aから循環配管8内を流れ、循環系内の濁質を押し出し、逆洗排水は配管10を経て排出される(逆洗工程)。
【0033】
上記濾過工程及び逆洗工程を複数回交互に繰り返して行い、逆洗後も膜性能の顕著な回復が見られなくなった場合には、次の洗浄工程に移行する。
【0034】
まず、弁Vを開、その他の弁を閉、酸注入ポンプP及び循環ポンプPをオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、酸貯槽10内の酸を、配管11より循環配管8に注入する。この酸の注入を所定時間継続した後、酸の注入を停止し、膜モジュールの原水側(一次側)、即ち、配管8,3,原水室4aに酸が注入された状態で所定時間静置保持する。静置後、前述の逆洗工程に移行し、一次側の酸を逆洗水により、配管10より排出する(酸洗浄工程)。
【0035】
上記酸洗浄後、弁Vを開、その他の弁を閉、アルカリ注入ポンプP及び循環ポンプPをオン、その他のポンプをオフとして、アルカリ貯槽12内のアルカリを、配管13より循環配管8に注入する。このアルカリの注入を所定時間継続した後、アルカリの注入を停止し、膜モジュールの原水側(一次側)にアルカリが注入された状態で所定時間静置保持する。静置後、前述の逆洗工程に移行し、一次側のアルカリを逆洗水により、配管10より排出する(アルカリ洗浄工程)。
【0036】
なお、洗浄に使用される酸注入ポンプP及びアルカリ注入ポンプPは、所定量の薬剤を注入できるように、流量制御可能なものである。
【0037】
上記アルカリ洗浄後は、濾過工程に移行し、膜分離処理運転を再開する。
【0038】
本実施例の膜分離装置において、原水として河川水をポリ塩化アルミニウムにて凝集沈殿させた沈澱上澄みを膜分離処理するに当り、濾過工程:29分,逆洗工程:1分の断続的な膜分離処理を46回繰り返し、膜の透過流束が通水開始初期の90%に低下した後、酸注入:1分及び酸注入後静置:28分の酸洗浄工程,逆洗工程:1分,アルカリ注入:1分及びアルカリ注入後静置:28分のアルカリ洗浄工程,逆洗工程:1分を順次行ったところ、膜の透過流束は通水開始初期の値となり、膜性能を良好に回復させることができた
【0039】
図1の膜分離装置によれば、酸洗浄とアルカリ洗浄とを行って、良好な洗浄効果を得ることができる。
【0040】
なお、上記の説明においては、酸洗浄後にアルカリ洗浄を行う場合について示したが、本発明では、アルカリ洗浄後、酸洗浄を行うことも可能であり、洗浄の順序は、当該膜分離装置の膜面付着物の性状、即ち、膜分離装置で処理する原水の水質に応じて適宜決定される。また、このアルカリ洗浄後酸洗浄、又は、酸洗浄後アルカリ洗浄は膜性能の回復度合に応じて1回でもよいし、複数回繰り返すこともできる。
【0041】
本発明において、酸洗浄に用いる酸としては、塩酸、硫酸などの無機酸が好ましく、これらの酸に更に過酸化水素を混合したものであっても良い。酸洗浄は、膜モジュールの原水室の膜面近傍のpHが1〜5程度となるような酸濃度で行うのが好ましい。
【0042】
一方、アルカリ洗浄に用いるアルカリとしては、水酸化ナトリウムが一般的であり、水酸化ナトリウムに更に次亜塩素酸ナトリウムを混合したものであっても良い。アルカリ洗浄は、膜モジュールの原水室の膜面近傍のpHが9〜13の範囲となるようなアルカリ濃度で行うのが好ましい。
【0043】
また、膜としては耐酸性、耐アルカリ性のものが好ましく、具体的にはポリアクリルニトリル、ポリエチレン、ポリスルホンのものが好適である。
【0044】
上記酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は、酸及びアルカリの注入量が当量となるように行うことにより、洗浄廃液をそのまま混合して中和することができることから、廃水処理が不要となり、工業的に有利である。
【0045】
また、本発明による酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は、酸又はアルカリを原水側に注入させた時点で一定時間静置保持するのが好ましく、この静置保持時間は特に3〜30分とするのが望ましい。
【0046】
いずれの場合においても、膜モジュール内に保持した酸又はアルカリは、洗浄後、逆洗水により、系外へ排出する。
【0047】
このような本発明による酸及びアルカリ洗浄は、膜性能に劣化が見られたら行えばよいが、通常10〜200時間の濾過運転毎に実施するのが好ましい。
【0048】
本発明の膜分離装置においては、濾過運転時間の積算値を測定するための積算計や濾過回数及び逆洗回数等のカウンターを備え、所定の濾過運転時間後に濾過を停止して酸注入ポンプ及びアルカリ注入ポンプを交互に稼働させる電気制御システム、更には、酸注入ポンプやアルカリ注入ポンプの稼働の前後に逆洗ポンプや原水ポンプの稼働又は停止を行う機能を備える電気制御システムを設けることにより、濾過、逆洗及び薬品洗浄を人手を要することなく自動的に実施することができる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述した通り、本発明の膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法によれば、膜面を効率的に洗浄することにより、膜面を常に高清浄に保つことができる。しかも、希薄濃度の薬剤で高い洗浄効果を得ることができ、また、洗浄廃液の廃水処理を不要とすることも可能である上に、洗浄による透過水の汚染の問題もないことから、膜分離効率及び透過水水質の向上と共に、処理コストの低減が図れ、工業的に極めて有利である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の膜分離装置及び膜モジュールの洗浄方法の一実施例を示す系統図である
【符号の説明】
2 原水槽
4 膜モジュール
4A 膜
4a 原水室
4b 透過水室
6 逆洗水槽
10 酸貯槽
12 アルカリ貯槽
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a membrane separation apparatus and a method for cleaning a membrane module, and in particular, using a UF membrane (ultrafiltration membrane), an MF membrane (microfiltration membrane), and an RO membrane (reverse osmosis membrane), , A membrane separation device for separating and removing organic / inorganic colloids and organic / inorganic dissolved matter, and a membrane cleaning means for carrying out efficient membrane separation processing while maintaining high membrane permeation flux and stability And a membrane module cleaning method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Membrane separation equipment separates surface water such as river water and lake water, industrial water obtained by subjecting them to water purification treatment such as coagulation and sedimentation, and suspended and dissolved substances in tap water to provide advanced water purification. It is widely used in fields such as purification equipment for separating and reusing suspended matter and dissolved matter in waste water discharged from factories, homes, and sewage treatment plants.
[0003]
Treat the surface water such as river water and lake water with polyaluminum chloride, etc., and use the separation water obtained by solid-liquid separation treatment such as flocculation / precipitation / filtration, etc. as raw water with a membrane separator. In this case, there is a problem that a minute amount of aluminum hydroxide or the like derived from the flocculant leaked from the solid-liquid separation means such as flocculation / precipitation / filtration adheres to the membrane surface and lowers the separation performance of the membrane separation apparatus.
[0004]
In order to solve such problems, it is known to perform membrane separation after adding solid acid and dissolving aluminum hydroxide in the subsequent stage of the solid-liquid separation means, that is, in the previous stage of the membrane separation apparatus.
[0005]
According to this method, since the aluminum hydroxide deposited on the membrane surface is dissolved and then flowed into the membrane separation apparatus, the deposition time of the membrane separation is prolonged by preventing the deposition of aluminum hydroxide on the membrane surface. There is an advantage that you can.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a method, when a separation membrane such as an MF membrane or a UF membrane is used, aluminum passes through the membrane in a dissolved state, and the membrane separation function is impaired. In this case, in order to use the membrane permeated water for drinking, a neutralization treatment of the permeated water is required, and an aluminum removal treatment is also necessary.
[0007]
In addition, it may be possible to remove the dissolved ions by further membrane separation treatment with the RO membrane after the membrane separation, but in this case, since the RO membrane water supply is low pH water, the salt inhibition of the RO membrane is prevented. There is a problem that the rate decreases.
[0008]
For this reason, the known method of adding an acid to the raw water of the membrane separator is not necessarily an effective method for preventing deterioration of membrane performance.
[0009]
On the other hand, when surface separation water with advanced organic matter contamination is used as raw water for membrane separation treatment, or water containing a large amount of dissolved organic components such as humic acid and fulvic acid is used as raw water for secondary membrane treatment. In some cases, in addition to aluminum hydroxide, humic acid or fulvic acid may be adsorbed on the membrane surface, or organic colloids may be deposited on the membrane surface and impair the membrane separation performance.
[0010]
As described above, when the separation performance of the membrane is lowered, that is, when the membrane operation pressure is increased or when the permeated water amount is decreased, the operation of the membrane separation apparatus is stopped and chemical cleaning is performed. There is a need.
[0011]
In order to clean the membrane, the present inventors perform chemical cleaning by detecting the water level in the apparatus for cleaning the membrane by adding a chemical from the permeate side (secondary side) of the membrane separation apparatus or in the treatment water tank. A device has been proposed, but the frequency of cleaning is irregular, and the actual condition is that a sufficient cleaning effect is not obtained. In addition, conventionally, there has been a problem that it is necessary to provide a separate wastewater treatment facility for wastewater treatment such as neutralization treatment of washing waste liquid after chemical washing.
[0012]
The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and can efficiently clean the membrane surface, and also includes a membrane separation apparatus and a membrane module provided with cleaning means that can eliminate the wastewater treatment of the cleaning waste liquid. An object is to provide a cleaning method.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The membrane separation apparatus according to claim 1 is a membrane separation apparatus comprising: a membrane module whose interior is partitioned into a raw water chamber and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane; and a cleaning means for the membrane module. Means for alternately injecting acid and alkali into the raw water chamber from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module, circulation means for extracting the injected acid or alkali from the raw water chamber and returning them to the raw water chamber, and then the permeate water chamber side the permeate, characterized by comprising a backwashing means for discharging more by acid or alkali injected from the raw water chamber backwash which transmits separation membrane is supplied from.
[0014]
The method of cleaning Motomeko second membrane module, in the cleaning method of membrane modules internally partitioned into a raw water chamber and the permeate chamber by a separation membrane, injecting acid from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module in the raw water chamber after circulating for returning the injected acid again raw water chamber is extracted from the raw water chamber with, more extrusion discharged backwash which transmits separation membrane raw water chamber of the acid supplied to the permeate from the permeate chamber side After performing an acid cleaning step and circulation of injecting alkali into the raw water chamber from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module and extracting the injected alkali from the raw water chamber and returning it to the raw water chamber again, the alkali in the raw water chamber is transferred to the permeated water chamber. characterized in that it comprises the alkaline washing step to further extrusion discharged backwash which transmits separation membrane by supplying permeate from the side, a.
[0015]
The method of cleaning Motomeko third membrane module, according to claim 2, the acid cleaning step, predetermined in time stand held with acid in the raw water chamber after stopping the injection of acid was injected, then backwash in it is intended to discharge more acid, the alkali washing step, which the injection of alkali predetermined time stand held in alkali raw water chamber is injected after stopping to discharge the more alkaline subsequent backwash It is characterized by being.
[0016]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the membrane module cleaning method according to the second or third aspect, wherein the acid cleaning and the alkali cleaning are performed so that an injection amount of the acid and the alkali is equivalent.
[0017]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a membrane module cleaning method according to any one of the second to fourth aspects, wherein an acid cleaning step is first performed, and then an alkali cleaning step is performed.
[0018]
The membrane module cleaning method according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in claim 5 , the membrane module is obtained by treating raw water to which a flocculant made of a metal salt is added.
[0019]
According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, the membrane module cleaning method according to any one of the second to fourth aspects is characterized in that an alkali cleaning step is first performed and then an acid cleaning step is performed.
[0020]
The membrane module cleaning method according to claim 8 is characterized in that, in claim 7 , the membrane module is obtained by treating raw water containing a large amount of humic acid dissolved organic matter such as secondary treated water of sewage.
[0021]
[Action]
According to the present invention, acid cleaning and alkali cleaning can be performed alternately according to the quality of raw water. That is, when the raw water of the membrane separation apparatus is treated with a flocculant made of a metal salt such as polyaluminum chloride or ferric chloride, first, an acid is injected to perform acid cleaning, and then an alkali The film performance can be effectively recovered by injecting and performing alkali cleaning. In addition, if the membrane separator treats raw water containing dissolved organic matter components such as secondary treated water of sewage, the membrane performance is effectively recovered by performing alkali injection first and then acid injection. Can be made.
[0022]
For example, in a system in which polyaluminum chloride is added as a flocculant to the raw water system of the membrane separator, colloidal aluminum hydroxide is deposited on the membrane surface when the membrane filtration operation is continued for a certain period of time, and agglomeration trapping is performed on the aluminum hydroxide. The colloidal silica, humic acid and the like adhered to the film surface using aluminum hydroxide as a binder. When a certain amount of such a deposit is formed on the film surface, first, an acid is injected to dissolve aluminum hydroxide, and then colloidal silica and humic acid are dissolved by alkali injection. In this way, the deposits can be efficiently dissolved and removed from the film surface to expose a clean film surface.
[0023]
On the other hand, when the raw water of the membrane separator contains a large amount of humic acid-like dissolved organic matter such as secondary treated water of sewage, humic acid with humic acid formed on the membrane surface, and in many cases, humic acid and other complexes formed with iron ions, etc. Acid deposits and adheres. In this case, first, an alkali is injected to dissolve the humic acid component, and then an acid is injected to further dissolve the metal component bonded to the humic acid, thereby removing the deposit from the film surface. It can be efficiently removed to expose a clean film.
[0024]
In this way, depending on the quality of the raw water of the membrane separation apparatus, it is effective to select the alkali cleaning after the acid cleaning or the acid cleaning after the alkali cleaning as appropriate, and to perform cleaning by adjusting each chemical concentration. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high cleaning effect with a dilute concentration of drug, and to effectively restore the membrane performance.
[0025]
In addition, by using equivalent amounts of acid and alkali for washing, wastewater treatment of washing waste liquid becomes unnecessary, and acid washing waste liquid and alkali washing waste liquid are mixed and neutralized and discharged without providing a separate wastewater treatment facility. It becomes possible to do.
[0026]
Furthermore, in the present invention, since the injected acid or alkali is extracted from the raw water side, contamination on the permeated water side can be prevented.
[0027]
【Example】
Embodiments of a membrane separation apparatus and a membrane module cleaning method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0028]
Figure 1 is a system diagram illustrating one embodiment of a method of cleaning a membrane separator and membrane module of the present invention.
[0029]
The embodiment apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is provided with means for injecting acid and alkali into the raw water chamber side of a pressurized circulation membrane module to clean the membrane surface. Note that membrane separation apparatus of Figure 1 is of the type for circulating concentrated water in circulating pump P 2, if the membrane separation device of dead-end filtration mode, the circulation pump is omitted.
[0030]
In the apparatus of the present embodiment, in the raw water membrane separation process, the valves V 1 and V 2 are opened, the other valves are closed, the raw water pump P 1 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, and the other pumps are turned off. The raw water is supplied to the raw water chamber 4a of the membrane module 4 through the pipe 1, the raw water tank 2, and the pipe 3. The permeated water that has passed through the membrane 4A of the membrane module 4 is extracted from the permeated water chamber 4b through the pipe 5, and is discharged out of the system as treated water through the backwash water tank 6 and the pipe 7. On the other hand, the concentrated water is circulated through the pipe 8 (filtering step). Incidentally, the valve V 3 is opened, there is a case to discharge a portion of the concentrated water from the pipe 10 to the outside of the system.
[0031]
When the filtration process is continued for a predetermined time and the membrane filtration performance is deteriorated, the valves V 4 and V 3 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the circulation pump P 2 and the backwash pump P 3 are turned on. The other pumps are turned off, and the permeated water in the backwash water tank 6 is supplied to the permeated water chamber 4b of the membrane module 4 through the pipes 9 and 5 to perform backwashing.
[0032]
The backwash water peels off deposits on the membrane surface while passing through the membrane 4A, and further flows from the raw water chamber 4a through the circulation pipe 8 to push out turbidity in the circulation system. It is discharged after (back washing process).
[0033]
The filtration step and the backwashing step are alternately repeated a plurality of times, and when no significant recovery of the membrane performance is observed after the backwashing, the flow proceeds to the next washing step.
[0034]
First, the valve V 5 is opened, the other valves are closed, the acid injection pump P 4 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, the other pumps are turned off, and the acid in the acid storage tank 10 is injected from the pipe 11 into the circulation pipe 8. To do. After the acid injection is continued for a predetermined time, the acid injection is stopped, and the acid is injected into the raw water side (primary side) of the membrane module, that is, the pipes 8 and 3 and the raw water chamber 4a, and left for a predetermined time. Hold. After standing, the process proceeds to the above-described backwashing step, and the primary acid is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (acid washing step).
[0035]
After the acid cleaning, the valve V 6 is opened, the other valves are closed, the alkali injection pump P 5 and the circulation pump P 2 are turned on, and the other pumps are turned off, so that the alkali in the alkali storage tank 12 is circulated from the pipe 13. 8 is injected. After the alkali injection is continued for a predetermined time, the alkali injection is stopped, and the alkali is injected on the raw water side (primary side) of the membrane module and is left to stand for a predetermined time. After standing, the process proceeds to the above-described backwashing step, and the primary alkali is discharged from the pipe 10 with backwashing water (alkali washing step).
[0036]
Note that the acid injection pump P 4 and the alkali injection pump P 5 used for cleaning can control the flow rate so that a predetermined amount of medicine can be injected.
[0037]
After the alkali cleaning, the process moves to the filtration step and the membrane separation operation is restarted.
[0038]
In the membrane separation apparatus of the present embodiment, when the sediment supernatant obtained by coagulating and precipitating river water with polyaluminum chloride as the raw water is subjected to membrane separation treatment, the filtration step: 29 minutes, the backwash step: 1 minute intermittent membrane The separation treatment was repeated 46 times, and after the membrane permeation flux decreased to 90% at the beginning of water flow, acid injection: 1 minute and standing after acid injection: 28 minutes of acid washing step, back washing step: 1 minute , Alkaline injection: 1 minute and Standing after alkali injection: 28 minutes Alkaline washing step, Back washing step: After 1 minute, the permeation flux of the membrane is the initial value of water flow and the membrane performance is good Was able to recover .
[0039]
By the membrane separation device of FIG. 1 lever, by performing the acid cleaning and alkali cleaning, it is possible to obtain a good cleaning effect.
[0040]
In the above description, the case where the alkali cleaning is performed after the acid cleaning is shown. However, in the present invention, the acid cleaning can be performed after the alkali cleaning, and the order of the cleaning is the membrane of the membrane separation apparatus. It is determined appropriately according to the properties of the surface deposits, that is, the quality of the raw water treated by the membrane separator. The acid cleaning after the alkali cleaning or the alkali cleaning after the acid cleaning may be performed once or may be repeated a plurality of times depending on the degree of recovery of the film performance.
[0041]
In the present invention, the acid used for the acid cleaning is preferably an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and hydrogen peroxide may be further mixed with these acids. The acid cleaning is preferably performed at an acid concentration such that the pH in the vicinity of the membrane surface of the raw water chamber of the membrane module is about 1 to 5.
[0042]
On the other hand, sodium hydroxide is generally used as the alkali used for alkali cleaning, and sodium hydroxide may be further mixed with sodium hydroxide. The alkali cleaning is preferably performed at an alkali concentration such that the pH in the vicinity of the membrane surface of the raw water chamber of the membrane module is in the range of 9-13.
[0043]
Further, as the membrane, those having acid resistance and alkali resistance are preferable, and specifically, those of polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, and polysulfone are preferable.
[0044]
The above acid cleaning and alkali cleaning are carried out so that the injection amounts of acid and alkali are equivalent, so that the cleaning waste liquid can be mixed and neutralized as it is, which eliminates the need for waste water treatment and is industrially advantageous. is there.
[0045]
Also, acid cleaning and alkali cleaning according to the invention is preferably for a certain time stand held when obtained by entering Note an acid or alkali raw water side, to the stand holding time especially 3 to 30 minutes Is desirable.
[0046]
In either case, the held acid or alkali in the membrane module, after cleaning, more backwash water is discharged out of the system.
[0047]
Such acid and alkali cleaning according to the present invention may be carried out when the membrane performance is deteriorated, but it is preferably carried out every filtration operation for 10 to 200 hours.
[0048]
The membrane separation apparatus of the present invention includes an integrator for measuring the integrated value of the filtration operation time and a counter such as the number of filtrations and the number of backwashing, and stops the filtration after a predetermined filtration operation time, By providing an electric control system that alternately operates the alkali injection pump, and further, an electric control system having a function of operating or stopping the backwash pump and the raw water pump before and after the operation of the acid injection pump and the alkali injection pump, Filtration, backwashing, and chemical washing can be performed automatically without requiring manual labor.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the membrane separation apparatus and the membrane module cleaning method of the present invention, the membrane surface can always be kept highly clean by efficiently cleaning the membrane surface. In addition, a high cleaning effect can be obtained with dilute chemicals, and it is possible to eliminate the waste water treatment of the cleaning waste liquid, and there is no problem of permeate contamination due to cleaning, so membrane separation. The efficiency and permeated water quality can be improved and the processing cost can be reduced, which is extremely advantageous industrially.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing one embodiment of a membrane separation apparatus and a membrane module cleaning method of the present invention .
[Explanation of symbols]
2 Raw Water Tank 4 Membrane Module 4A Membrane 4a Raw Water Chamber 4b Permeated Water Chamber 6 Backwash Water Tank 10 Acid Storage Tank 12 Alkali Storage Tank

Claims (8)

分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールと、該膜モジュールの洗浄手段とを備えてなる膜分離装置において、
該洗浄手段は、
該膜モジュールの原水室側から酸及びアルカリを原水室に交互に注入する手段と、
注入された酸又はアルカリを各々原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環手段と、
その後、透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により原水室から注入された酸又はアルカリを排出する逆洗手段とを備えてなる膜分離装置。
In a membrane separation apparatus comprising a membrane module whose interior is divided into a raw water chamber and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane, and a cleaning means for the membrane module,
The cleaning means includes
Means for alternately injecting acid and alkali into the raw water chamber from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module;
A circulating means for extracting each of the injected acid or alkali from the raw water chamber and returning it to the raw water chamber;
Thereafter, the membrane separation device comprising a backwashing means for discharging a more injected acid or alkali from the raw water chamber backwash which transmits separation membrane by supplying permeate from the permeate chamber.
分離膜により内部が原水室と透過水室とに仕切られた膜モジュールの洗浄方法において、
該膜モジュールの原水室側から原水室に酸を注入すると共に注入された酸を原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環を行った後、原水室内の酸を透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により押出し排出する酸洗浄工程と、
該膜モジュールの原水室側から原水室にアルカリを注入すると共に注入されたアルカリを原水室から抜き出して再び原水室に戻す循環を行った後、原水室内のアルカリを透過水室側から透過水を供給して分離膜を透過させる洗により押出し排出するアルカリ洗浄工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。
In the method for cleaning a membrane module, the interior of which is partitioned into a raw water chamber and a permeated water chamber by a separation membrane,
After the acid was injected from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module into the raw water chamber and the injected acid was extracted from the raw water chamber and returned to the raw water chamber again, the acid in the raw water chamber was permeated from the permeate water chamber side. and acid washing step to further extrusion discharged backwash to permeable separation membrane is supplied,
After the alkali was injected into the raw water chamber from the raw water chamber side of the membrane module and the injected alkali was extracted from the raw water chamber and returned to the raw water chamber again, the alkali in the raw water chamber was permeated from the permeate water chamber side. and alkaline washing step to further extrusion discharged backwash to permeable separation membrane is supplied,
A method for cleaning a membrane module, comprising:
請求項において、
該酸洗浄工程は、酸の注入を停止した後に原水室に酸が注入された状態で所定時間静置保持し、その後逆洗により酸を排出するものであり、
該アルカリ洗浄工程は、アルカリの注入を停止した後に原水室にアルカリが注入された状態で所定時間静置保持し、その後逆洗によりアルカリを排出するものであることを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。
In claim 2 ,
Acid washing step, which is acid raw water chamber after stopping the injection of acid given in time to stand held in a state of being injected, and then discharging the more acid backwash,
The alkaline cleaning step, the injection of alkali predetermined time stand held in alkali raw water chamber is injected after stopping, the membrane module, characterized in that subsequently to discharge more alkali backwash Cleaning method.
請求項2又は3において、酸洗浄及びアルカリ洗浄は酸及びアルカリの注入量が当量となるように行うことを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。 4. The membrane module cleaning method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the acid cleaning and the alkali cleaning are performed so that an injection amount of the acid and the alkali is equivalent. 請求項ないしのいずれか1項において、まず、酸洗浄工程を行い、次にアルカリ洗浄工程を行うことを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。In any one of claims 2 to 4, we first acid washing step, then the method of cleaning membrane modules and performing alkali cleaning process. 請求項において、該膜モジュールは金属塩よりなる凝集剤が添加された原水を処理したものであることを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。6. The method for cleaning a membrane module according to claim 5, wherein the membrane module is obtained by treating raw water to which a flocculant made of a metal salt is added. 請求項ないしのいずれか1項において、まず、アルカリ洗浄工程を行い、次に酸洗浄工程を行うことを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。In any one of claims 2 to 4, we first alkaline washing step, then the method of cleaning membrane modules and performing acid washing step. 請求項において、該膜モジュールは下水の二次処理水等のフミン酸態の溶存有機物を多く含む原水を処理したものであることを特徴とする膜モジュールの洗浄方法。8. The method for cleaning a membrane module according to claim 7, wherein the membrane module is obtained by treating raw water containing a large amount of humic acid dissolved organic matter such as secondary treated water of sewage.
JP04849395A 1995-03-08 1995-03-08 Membrane separation apparatus and membrane module cleaning method Expired - Fee Related JP3735883B2 (en)

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