JP4112496B2 - 金属酸化物担持アルドール縮合触媒 - Google Patents
金属酸化物担持アルドール縮合触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4112496B2 JP4112496B2 JP2003548993A JP2003548993A JP4112496B2 JP 4112496 B2 JP4112496 B2 JP 4112496B2 JP 2003548993 A JP2003548993 A JP 2003548993A JP 2003548993 A JP2003548993 A JP 2003548993A JP 4112496 B2 JP4112496 B2 JP 4112496B2
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- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
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- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
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- B01J2219/32255—Other details of the sheets
- B01J2219/32262—Dimensions or size aspects
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description
直径0.3mのカラム断面にそれぞれ高さが23cmのMontz社製B1タイプの2個の蒸留用規則充填物を90°オフセットで嵌め込んだ。触媒粒子をこの蒸留用規則充填物に疎充填(loose packing)で導入した。充填体積、ならびに触媒粒子の導入および除去中の取り扱い容易さを調べた。用いた触媒粒子は5%の酸化プラセオジムで被覆した中実円筒形のγ-Al2O3であった。直径1.5mm、高さが1〜4mmのγ-Al2O3中実円筒形の有する等価粒子径は2mmである。
直径0.1mのカラム断面での圧力降下測定を窒素/イソプロパノールの試験混合物を用いて行った。このために、触媒床をカラム断面に導入し、規定量のイソプロパノールを注ぎ込んだ(ドリップ位置は一ケ所)。これに向流の方向で規定量の窒素を規則充填物/床を通して底部から上部へと流した。この実験により規則充填物すなわち床の単位高さ当たりの比圧力降下を測定し、フラッディング・ポイントを求めた。使用した触媒粒子は5%の酸化プラセオジムで被覆した中実円筒形のγ-Al2O3であった。この中実円筒形(直径=1.5mm、高さ=1〜4mm)の等価粒子径は2mmであった。次いで、規則充填物に導入された床の比圧力降下とフラッディング・ポイントを決定した。
床の高さ45cm、F因子0.038Pa0.5(ガス流量1000L/hに相当)、および液体ローディング0.178m3/m2h(液体流量1.4L/hに相当)の時、測定された比圧力降下は3.33mbar/mであった。規則充填物は液体ローディングが0.178m3/m2hで一定の時、F因子が0.0575Pa0.5(ガス流量1500L/hに相当)の時点からフラッディングを開始した。
90°オフセットの2層のMontz社のBS-250.60タイプの規則充填物に床を導入した。
3.1 触媒の調製
試験する担持触媒は、細孔容積の含浸による標準的なやり方で調製した。これを行うには、担体を金属塩溶液の形態の活性成分で含浸し、乾燥キャビネットで120℃で乾燥し、空気中で焼成した。特に明記しない限り、焼成は加熱速度3.5℃/分で450℃にて2時間行った。
触媒スクリーニングの目的は、空時収率の高い、すなわち触媒活性の高い触媒を見い出すことである。
触媒担体用にテストされたすべての担体材料はそれぞれ活性成分として酸化プラセオジム5%で被覆した。触媒担体組成物を変えることにより下記の表にまとめる結果を得た。
表の見出し項目中の略号は上の3.4項でリストしたものと同じ意味を有する。空時収率はやはり3.4項のものと同じ条件下、すなわち触媒担体に5%の酸化プラセオジム被覆を行って求めた。実験結果を下記の表にまとめる。
使用した担体は上記3.1項で説明した方法で活性成分を被覆した直径1.5mmの棒状のγ-アルミナであった。この場合、亜鉛を除くすべてにおいて原料は当該金属の硝酸溶液を使用し、亜鉛の場合のみ酢酸亜鉛溶液を用いた。すべての場合に、それぞれの活性成分の5%被覆を行った。
実験装置は図4に示したものに相当するものであった。反応蒸留カラム7は、それぞれ全高23cmの、Montz社製のA3-500型の織物製規則充填物1セグメントを有する各分離ゾーン8に充填した。反応ゾーン9の下部には30mm高の特別な要素に入れたMontz-PakタイプB1-1000を1層嵌め込んだ。この層は触媒粒子が下の分離ゾーン中にこぼれないように、触媒バリアーとして作用した。この層の上に疎充填により触媒を導入した要素高が212mmであるMontz-PakタイプB1-250.60を3層取り付けた。このケースでは3121gの触媒を嵩密度700kg/m3で充填した。使用した触媒は5%のプラセオジムを被覆した、粒径が1.5mmで、高さが1〜4mmの中実円筒形のγ-Al2O3であり、γ-Al2O3を硝酸プラセオジム水溶液で含浸し、焼成することによって調製したものである。カラム中の温度プロフィールと濃度プロフィールを求めるために、カラムには一定の間隔で熱電対とサンプリングポイントを取り付けた。
反応ゾーン9で使用した触媒は中実円筒形(d=1.5mm、h=1〜4mm)で、γ-Al2O3上に5%のPrを有するものであった。系の圧力は3bar、還流比は3kg/kgに設定した。塔底の温度は92.5℃であった。得られたカラムの底部ストリームIIIは735.6g/hの、62.14重量%のアセトン、0.71重量%の水、0.45重量%の酸化メシチル、0.95重量%のジアセトンアルコール、9.14重量%のシトラール、24.43重量%のプソイドイオノンおよび2.18重量%の高沸点留分を含有する粗生成物であった。カラム頂部では、323.2g/hの、95.8重量%のアセトンと4.2重量%の水からなる留出液(ストリームIV)が取り出された。
Claims (14)
- 触媒担体であるγ-アルミナ上に担持した活性成分である原子番号39または57〜71の一種以上の元素の酸化物からなる担持触媒を、不均一系触媒作用によるアルドール縮合を実施するために使用する方法であって、前記活性成分の濃度が前記触媒担体の重量に対して5〜12重量%の範囲である、方法。
- 前記活性成分の濃度が触媒担体の重量に対して7.5〜10重量%の範囲である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記触媒担体の形状が、体積に対する外表面積の比率が0.5〜10mm- 1 となるように決定され、前記触媒担体が中実もしくは中空の円筒形、球状およびハニカム状、三つ葉または歯車の形状である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記活性成分が酸化イットリウムである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記活性成分が酸化プラセオジムである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 不均一系粒状触媒の存在下での反応蒸留によるアルドール縮合を行うためのカラムを使用する方法であって、前記カラムが、触媒粒子が重力の作用の下で緩やかに間隙内に導入され、分配され、排出されるように、そのカラム内部に前記間隙を形成している規則充填物またはランダム充填物を有し、この規則充填物またはランダム充填物を通って流れるガス流の水力直径と触媒粒子の等価直径の比が2〜20の範囲であり、さらに触媒粒子が請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に定義された担持触媒から形成されている、方法。
- 前記規則充填物がクロスチャネル充填物である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記規則充填物またはランダム充填物が水平な表面部分を有している、請求項6または7に記載の方法。
- 前記規則充填物が、カラム内に縦型に設置するために、直線状のひだを有する金属シート規則充填物から形成されており、この直線状のひだにより金属シート規則充填物はさらに波形面に細分されており、ここで水平方向に対する波形面の傾きの角度が90〜45°である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 規則充填物もしくはランダム充填物のパーフォレーションおよび/または規則充填物もしくはランダム充填物の材料の粗さにより、または規則充填物をエキスパンデッドメタルとして構成することにより、前記規則充填物またはランダム充填物の表面において流れに対する抵抗が減少している、請求項6〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記規則充填物がさざ波状または波形の層から形成されており、二つのさざ波状または波形の層の間にそれぞれ一つの平らな中間層が配置されており、この平らな中間層は、規則充填物の端までは延びていないか、あるいは規則充填物のエッジゾーンにおいてガス透過性が向上している、請求項7〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記規則充填物が、カラム内に縦型に設置するために、直線状のひだを有する金属シート規則充填物から形成されており、この直線状のひだにより金属シート規則充填物はさらに波形面に細分されており、この直線状のひだは、ひだの端から端までの幅aと複数のパーフォレーションを有し、ここで少なくとも60%である比率Xのパーフォレーションと、各波形面のひだの下端との距離bが0.4a以下である、請求項7〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項6〜12のいずれか1項に定義されたカラム中で反応蒸留することでシトラールとアセトンをアルドール縮合することによりプソイドイオノンを調製する方法であって、ガスと液体のローディングに関し、最大でフラッディング限界ローディングの50〜95%に達するようにカラムを運転することを含む、方法。
- 不均一系触媒作用によるアルドール縮合を請求項6〜12のいずれか1項に定義されたカラム中で反応蒸留することにより行う方法であって、初期の触媒活性が減少した時に、担持触媒をアルカリ水溶液により処理することによって再生することを含む、方法。
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DE10159821A DE10159821A1 (de) | 2001-12-06 | 2001-12-06 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung von heterogen katalysierter Reaktivdestillationen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Pseudoionen |
DE2002126120 DE10226120A1 (de) | 2002-06-12 | 2002-06-12 | Geträgerte Metalloxide als Katalysatoren für Aldolkondensationen |
PCT/EP2002/013797 WO2003047748A1 (de) | 2001-12-06 | 2002-12-05 | Geträgerte metalloxide als katalysatoren für aldolkondensationen |
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JP2005511274A JP2005511274A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
JP2005511274A5 JP2005511274A5 (ja) | 2005-12-22 |
JP4112496B2 true JP4112496B2 (ja) | 2008-07-02 |
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US (1) | US7098366B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1455933A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4112496B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1599643A (ja) |
AU (1) | AU2002361017A1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR0214603A (ja) |
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DE10238140A1 (de) * | 2002-08-15 | 2004-02-26 | Basf Ag | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von Carbonylverbindungen |
FR2849406A1 (fr) | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-02 | Michelin Soc Tech | Dispositif de support d'une roue a triple charniere, dispositif de suspension et vehicule comprenant ledit, dispositif de support |
JP2007533603A (ja) * | 2003-08-01 | 2007-11-22 | ビーエーエスエフ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | エチレンアミンの製造方法 |
DE102005004854A1 (de) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bis(3-aminopropyl)amin (Dipropylentriamin, DPTA) |
KR20090080043A (ko) * | 2006-09-19 | 2009-07-23 | 바스프 에스이 | 기상 반응을 수행하기 위한 유동층 반응기 |
US8044244B2 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2011-10-25 | Basf Se | Process for preparing aromatic amines in a fluidized-bed reactor |
US7894869B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2011-02-22 | Nellcor Puritan Bennett Llc | Multiple configuration medical sensor and technique for using the same |
JP5322119B2 (ja) * | 2007-10-08 | 2013-10-23 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 反応器内部構造としての触媒特性を有する成形体の使用 |
JP5574480B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-12 | 2014-08-20 | 国立大学法人高知大学 | アミノ基含有アセトン誘導体、及びそれを用いた炭素−炭素結合形成方法 |
EP2409961B1 (de) * | 2010-07-21 | 2013-11-27 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pseudojonon |
WO2013190038A2 (de) * | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-27 | Symrise Ag | Trägerkatalysatoren zur herstellung von aldolkondensaten |
DE102012012785A1 (de) | 2012-06-22 | 2013-12-24 | Wolfgang Hölderich | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pseudojonon |
JP6674068B2 (ja) | 2016-03-17 | 2020-04-01 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company | 遷移金属アダマンタンカルボン酸塩及び酸化物ナノ複合材料の合成 |
US10252245B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2019-04-09 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | High temperature layered mixed-metal oxide materials with enhanced stability |
US10138199B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2018-11-27 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | High aspect ratio layered double hydroxide materials and methods for preparation thereof |
US10106482B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2018-10-23 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Synthesis of magnesium adamantane salts and magnesium oxide nanocomposites, and systems and methods including the salts or the nanocomposites |
US10087355B2 (en) | 2016-03-17 | 2018-10-02 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Oil-based drilling fluids containing an alkaline-earth diamondoid compound as rheology modifier |
EP3290108A1 (de) * | 2016-09-01 | 2018-03-07 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Kolonne mit packung, verfahren zum stoff- und/ oder energieaustausch zwischen einer flüssigen und einer gasförmigen phase und herstellungsverfahren für eine packung |
US10875092B2 (en) | 2017-05-19 | 2020-12-29 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods for preparing mixed-metal oxide diamondoid nanocomposites and catalytic systems including the nanocomposites |
KR20200010372A (ko) | 2017-05-19 | 2020-01-30 | 사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니 | 전이 금속 아다만탄 염 및 산화물 나노복합체의 합성 |
CN113443964B (zh) * | 2021-05-28 | 2022-07-22 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种乙醇催化转化合成高级醇的方法 |
CN114749118B (zh) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-14 | 南京工业大学 | 一种高通量多孔混合器 |
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JP2005511274A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
MXPA04004917A (es) | 2006-03-09 |
CN1599643A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
US20050070733A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 |
WO2003047748A1 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
US7098366B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
AU2002361017A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
EP1455933A1 (de) | 2004-09-15 |
BR0214603A (pt) | 2004-09-14 |
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