JP4098158B2 - Axle housing and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Axle housing and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4098158B2
JP4098158B2 JP2003148988A JP2003148988A JP4098158B2 JP 4098158 B2 JP4098158 B2 JP 4098158B2 JP 2003148988 A JP2003148988 A JP 2003148988A JP 2003148988 A JP2003148988 A JP 2003148988A JP 4098158 B2 JP4098158 B2 JP 4098158B2
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banjo
molding surface
pipe material
axle housing
press punch
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JP2004351962A (en
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尚 桑田
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Press Kogyo Co Ltd
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Press Kogyo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、車両の駆動車軸及びディファレンシャルギヤ等を収容するアクスルハウジング及びその製造方法及び装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
図8にアクスルハウジングの一例を示す。
【0003】
アクスルハウジングaは、図示しない車両の幅方向に延出するように配置され、図に示すように、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部jを有し、長手方向中央部に、軸管部jに対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側(紙面手前側)に円状に突出したバンジョー部bを有している。
【0004】
軸管部j内には車両の駆動車軸等が収容され、バンジョー部b内にはディファレンシャルギヤ等が収容される。バンジョー部bの車両進行方向前方側の面には、プロペラシャフトが貫通する穴(図示せず)が形成される。アクスルハウジングaの長手方向両端部には、外周部に車輪を支持するためのスピンドルsが接続される。
【0005】
従来、このようなアクスルハウジングaは、図9に示すように、長手方向中央部に上又は下方向に突出した湾曲部50,51を有する上部材52及び下部材53と、略半球形状のカバー54と、三角板55とに分割して構成していた。これら各部材は例えば板材のプレス成形品からなり、まず、上部材52と下部材53とを上下に重ね合わせて溶接接合し、次に、上部材52と下部材53との接合部に形成される隙間を覆うように、三角板55及びカバー54を溶接接合することで、図8に示すようなアクスルハウジングaが製造される。このようなアクスルハウジングは例えば、特許文献1にも記載されている。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開平09−300904号公報(図7等)
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような従来のアクスルハウジングは、部品点数が多いため工程数が多く、製造コストが高かった。また、溶接接合部が多いため、耐久性及び信頼性が低下するおそれもあった。
【0008】
ここで、製造コストを低く、かつ耐久性及び信頼性を高めるためには、アクスルハウジングをできるだけ少分割化することが好ましい。例えば、パイプ材をハイドロフォーム(液圧プレス成形)により拡管して、アクスルハウジング全体を一体的に成形することができれば、製造コストを大幅に低減し、かつ耐久性及び信頼性を高めることができる。しかしながら、従来、以下に述べる理由などから、ハイドロフォームによるアクスルハウジングの製造は実現できなかった。
【0009】
従来のハイドロフォームによるアクスルハウジングの製造方法としては、図10及び図11に示すように、製造すべきアクスルハウジングの外形とほぼ同形状に形成された成形面を有する金型k内に、製造すべきアクスルハウジングの最も断面の小さい部分(つまり軸管部)とほぼ同一の断面を有するパイプ材pを配置し、そのパイプ材pの内部に液体による内圧を付与しつつシールパンチspにより軸方向に押圧して拡管する方法が一般的であった。
【0010】
しかしながら、アクスルハウジングは、バンジョー部bと軸管部j(図8参照)との周長比が大きい(大型トラックなどでは3.0を越えるものもある)ため、パイプ材pの長手方向中央部を大きな拡管率で拡管する必要があり、その部分c(図11参照)に割れが発生するおそれがある。特に、バンジョー部bは軸管部jに対して、上下方向と車両進行方向後方側に突出しているため、パイプ材pを一度に2軸方向に拡管する必要があり、割れが発生する可能性が高い。更に、部分cは、拡管に際して、その外面が金型kの内面(成形面)と接触しないため、拡管(膨張)に対する抵抗力のないフリーバルジ領域となり、これも割れの発生の一因となる。
【0011】
また、バンジョー部bは、車両進行方向において片面のみが突出した形状であるため、パイプ材pの長手方向中央部は、その一面側(図11中上側)のみを拡管し、他面側は直線状に維持することになる。つまり、パイプ材pの長手方向中央部における伸び量が、上下面で大きく異なることになり、この結果、部分dに座屈が発生する可能性がある。つまり、パイプ材pの一面側を突出(拡管)させるべく、シールパンチspによりパイプ材pを軸方向に押圧して材料を長手方向中央側に送り込むと、他面側(下面側)で材料の行き場がなくなり、座屈してしまう。
【0012】
以上の理由などから、ハイドロフォームによりアクスルハウジングを製造することは現実的でなかった。
【0013】
なお、割れや座屈を生じさせることなくハイドロフォームによりアクスルハウジングを製造する方法としては、パイプ材に中間焼鈍を施しながら段階的に拡管していくことが考えられるが、この場合、製造工程が多くなってしまうためコスト低減は期待できない。特に、中間焼鈍を行うことによって、成形工程を連続して流せなくなるだけでなく、スケールを除去するための酸洗いや、ボンデライト・ボンダリューベ等の潤滑処理が必要となるため、逆にコストが増加してしまう可能性もある。
【0014】
また、他の方法としては、軸管部jよりも大径のパイプ材を素材とし、中央部を拡管してバンジョー部bを成形すると共に、両端部をスウェージングにより縮径して軸管部jとする方法もある。しかしながら、この方法でも製造工程が多くなるため、コスト低減は期待できない。
【0015】
そこで、本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、製造コストが低く、かつ耐久性及び信頼性の高いアクスルハウジング及びその製造方法及び装置を提供することにある。
【0016】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために本発明は、車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造方法であって、上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面を有する成形型を設けると共に、その成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて該バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能な機械プレスパンチを設け、上記成形型内に、上記軸管部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を収容し、その収容されたパイプ材の長手方向中央部を、上記機械プレスパンチにより上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を、上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させて予備成形し、次に、その予備成形されたパイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与して該パイプ材を拡管させると共に、その拡管の際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成するものである。
【0017】
また本発明は車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ上記軸管部の長手方向外側端部に上記軸管部に対して段差状に縮径された縮径部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造方法であって、上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面と上記軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面と上記縮径部とほぼ同一形状に形成された縮径部成形面とを有する成形型を設けると共に、その成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて該バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能な機械プレスパンチを設け、上記成形型内に、上記縮径部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を上記縮径部成形面を除く部分の上記成形面との間に隙間を設けて収容し、その収容されたパイプ材の長手方向中央部を、上記機械プレスパンチにより上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を、上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させて予備成形し、次に、その予備成形されたパイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与して該パイプ材を拡管させると共に、その拡管の際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成するものである
【0018】
また本発明は、車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造装置であって、上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面及び軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面を有し、内部に、上記軸管部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を収容するための成形型と、
上記成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて、かつ上記バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能に設けられ、上記成形型内に収容された上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させ、予備成形するための機械プレスパンチと、上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管すべく、該パイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与する充填手段と、上記内圧が付与されたパイプ材を軸方向に押圧する液圧プレスパンチと、上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管する際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成する駆動手段とを備えたものである。
【0019】
また本発明は車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ上記軸管部の長手方向外側端部に上記軸管部に対して段差状に縮径された縮径部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造装置であって、上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面と上記軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面と上記縮径部とほぼ同一形状に形成された縮径部成形面を有し、内部に、上記縮径部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を、該パイプ材と上記縮径部成形面を除く部分の上記成形面との間に隙間を設けて収容するための成形型と、上記成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて、かつ上記バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能に設けられ、上記成形型内に収容された上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させ、予備成形するための機械プレスパンチと、上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管すべく、該パイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与する充填手段と、上記内圧が付与されたパイプ材を軸方向に押圧する液圧プレスパンチと、上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管する際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成する駆動手段とを備えたものである
【0020】
また、上記成形型内に、上記機械プレスパンチを駆動するための中間部材が、上記機械プレスパンチの移動方向と直交する方向に移動可能に設けられ、上記駆動手段は、上記成形型の外部に設けられ、上記中間部材を介して上記機械プレスパンチを駆動し、上記機械プレスパンチの上記中間部材側端部に、所定角度で傾斜したテーパ面が形成され、上記中間部材の端部に、上記機械プレスパンチのテーパ面と同角度で傾斜すると共に、該機械プレスパンチのテーパ面に接触するテーパ面が形成されても良い。
【0021】
更に本発明は、請求項1記載のアクスルハウジングの製造方法により製造されたものである。
【0022】
更に本発明は請求項2記載のアクスルハウジングの製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とするものである
【0023】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の好適な一実施形態を添付図面に基づいて詳述する。
【0024】
図1〜図4は本実施形態のアクスルハウジングの製造装置、及びそれを用いたアクスルハウジングの製造方法を説明するための図であり、各図において、(a)が正面断面図、(b)が幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【0025】
図に示すように、本実施形態のアクスルハウジングの製造装置は、素材となるパイプ材Pを内部に収容するための成形型1を備える。成形型1は、図示しない駆動手段により上下に移動される上型1aと、図示しない台座上に固定された下型1bとからなり、図2に示すように、上型1aを下型1b上に重ね合わせたときに、その接合部に、製造すべきアクスルハウジングの外形とほぼ同形状の成形面2が形成される。成形面2は、アクスルハウジングの軸管部J(図5参照)を成形するための軸管部成形面2Jと、バンジョー部Bを成形するためのバンジョー部成形面2Bとを備える。本実施形態では、上型1aがアクスルハウジングにおける車両進行方向前方側の面を成形し、下型1bが車両進行方向後方側の面を成形する。
【0026】
本実施形態の製造装置が製造するアクスルハウジングは、図5に示すように、軸管部Jの長手方向外側端部に、他の部分に対して段差状に縮径された縮径部Sを有する。従って、図2に示すように、成形型1の成形面2は、その軸管部成形面2Jの長手方向外側端部に、他の部分に対して段差状に縮径され、縮径部Sとほぼ同形状に形成された縮径部成形面2Sを有している。
【0027】
上型1aの幅方向中央部には、成形型1内に配置されたパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部をバンジョー部成形面2B側に押圧して湾曲させるための機械プレスパンチ3が設けられている。機械プレスパンチ3は、上型1a内に上下方向に移動可能に収容され、その下端部に成形部3aを有する。機械プレスパンチ3は、上型1aに取り付けられた駆動手段4(例えば油圧シリンダ)により上下に移動される。機械プレスパンチ3の成形部3aは、バンジョー部成形面2Bとほぼ同じ曲率、より詳しくは、バンジョー部成形面2Bの曲率からパイプ材Pの板厚の2倍分だけ差し引いた曲率で湾曲している。また、機械プレスパンチ3の成形部3aの下面は、機械プレスパンチ3が上型1aに対して最も上方に位置したときに、上型1aの軸管部成形面2J及び縮径部成形面2Sよりも下方に突出する。
【0028】
図3及び図4に示すように、本実施形態のアクスルハウジングの製造装置は、成形型1内に収容されたパイプ材Pの内部に水や油等の液体を充填して、パイプ材Pに内圧を付与する充填手段5を備えている。充填手段5は、ポンプ6と、ポンプ6により圧送された液体を後述する液圧プレスパンチ9の内部を介してパイプ材P内に供給する液体通路7とを備えている。また、液体通路7には図示しないシャット弁等が設けられる。
【0029】
成形型1の成形面2の両端部には、パイプ材Pを軸方向に押圧する液圧プレスパンチ(シールパンチ)9が、成形型1の幅方向(パイプ材Pの軸方向)に移動可能に収容される。液圧プレスパンチ9は、油圧シリンダ等の図示しない駆動手段により移動される。液圧プレスパンチ9は、パイプ材P内に充填された液体が、パイプ材Pと液圧プレスパンチ9との隙間から漏れることが無いようにシールする機能をも有している。
【0030】
次に、この製造装置によるアクスルハウジングの製造方法を説明する。
【0031】
まず、図1に示すように、上型1aを上昇させて、上型1aと下型1bとの間隔を開き、下型1b上に素材となるパイプ材Pを配置する。パイプ材Pは、製造すべきアクスルハウジングの最も断面が小さい部分、つまり、縮径部S(図5参照)とほぼ同一の断面を有するほぼ直線状のパイプを使用する。パイプ材Pの板厚、材質などは製造すべきアクスルハウジングのサイズや、縮径部Sとバンジョー部Bとの周長比等に応じて適宜選択される。なお、このとき、機械プレスパンチ3は上型1aに対して最も上方の位置に位置させておく。
【0032】
次に、図2に示すように、上型1aを下降させて、パイプ材Pが配置された下型1b上に重ね合わせて型締めする。すると、機械プレスパンチ3の成形部3aの下面が上型1aの縮径部成形面2Sよりも下方に突出しているため、機械プレスパンチ3がパイプ材Pの長手方向ほぼ中央部を下方(バンジョー部成形面2B側)に押圧し、パイプ材Pを若干、下方に湾曲させる。
【0033】
次に、図3に示すように、駆動手段4により機械プレスパンチ3を所定距離下降させて、パイプ材Pの長手方向ほぼ中央部を下方(バンジョー部成形面2B側)に所定圧力で押圧する。これによって、パイプ材Pの長手方向ほぼ中央部が湾曲・変形し、その下面が、バンジョー部成形面2Bにほぼ倣うように円状に突出する。この機械プレスにより、パイプ材Pの長手方向中央部が主として長手方向(軸方向)に伸長される。この機械プレスパンチ3によるプレス成形を、本明細書中では「予備成形」と言う。
【0034】
次に、予備成形されたパイプ材Pの長手方向両端部に液圧プレスパンチ9をそれぞれ配置すると共に、その液圧プレスパンチ9に充填手段5を接続する。液圧プレスパンチ9及び充填手段5の設置は、上述した予備成形を行う前にしておいても良い。
【0035】
その後、充填手段5により、予備成形されたパイプ材Pの内部に液体を所定圧力で充填して内圧を付与し、その内圧が付与されたパイプ材Pを液圧プレスパンチ9により軸方向に押圧して、パイプ材Pの材料を長手方向中央側に流入させつつ拡管させる。このとき、パイプ材Pの拡管に伴って、機械プレスパンチ3を適宜上昇させ、パイプ材Pの上面に常に適切な圧力を付与する。つまり、このときは、機械プレスパンチ3は所謂カウンターパンチとしての機能を果たす。
【0036】
その結果、図4に示すように、パイプ材Pがその長手方向中央部を主として拡管されて、成形型1の成形面2に押し付けられ、所定形状のアクスルハウジングに成形される。つまり、パイプ材Pの長手方向両端部には、軸管部成形面2J及び縮径部成形面2Sの形状が転写され、長手方向中央部にはバンジョー部成形面2B及び機械プレスパンチ3の成形面3aの形状が転写される。
【0037】
これによって、図5に示すように、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部Jを有し、長手方向中央部に、軸管部Jに対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部Bを有し、かつ軸管部Jの長手方向外側端部に段差状に縮径された縮径部Sを有するアクスルハウジングAが製造される。なお、バンジョー部Bの車両進行方向前方側の面は、機械プレスパンチ3の成形部3aと同形状で内側に窪んで成形されることになるが、この面はプロペラシャフトを貫通させる穴を形成するために切り取られる面であるので問題とならない。
【0038】
このように、本実施形態のアクスルハウジングの製造装置及び製造方法によれば、中間焼鈍やスェージングといった作業をすることなく、アクスルハウジングをハイドロフォームにより一体的に製造することができる。従って、部品点数及び工程数を低減でき、製造コストを著しく低減できる。また、溶接接合部を低減、あるいはなくすことができるので、耐久性(疲労寿命など)及び信頼性が向上する。
【0039】
また、パイプ材Pをハイドロフォームにより拡管する事によって、パイプ材Pの全面に大きな加工歪みが与えられるので、パイプ材Pが加工硬化し、その強度が向上する。従って、アクスルハウジングの耐久性及び信頼性をより向上させることができる。あるいは、素材となるパイプ材Pとして、より低強度の材質又は薄厚のものを使用することが可能となり、製造コストの更なる低減が図れる。
【0040】
また、本実施形態の製造装置によれば、予備成形(機械プレス)とハイドロフォームとを同じ成形型1内で行うことができるため、工程数及び型数を低減でき、製造コスト低減につながる。
【0041】
以下、本実施形態のアクスルハウジングの製造装置及び製造方法によれば、パイプ材Pに割れや座屈が発生しない理由を説明する。
【0042】
まず、バンジョー部Bの車両進行方向後方側となる面、つまり、図1〜図4におけるパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部の下面に割れが発生しない理由を説明する。
【0043】
本実施形態の製造装置及び製造方法では、機械プレスパンチ3を用いた予備成形によりパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部を湾曲させて、主として長手方向(軸方向)に伸長させる。従って、ハイドロフォーム(液圧プレス成形)時に必要とされるパイプ材Pの伸び量が従来と比べて小さくなる。つまり、従来のようにパイプ材Pを2軸方向に同時に伸長・拡管させるのではなく、まず、機械プレスにより主として長手方向に伸長・拡管し、次に、ハイドロフォームにより主として幅方向(図1(b)の左右方向)に伸長・拡管させる。従って、ハイドロフォームを行うときにパイプ材Pにかかる負荷が小さく、割れが発生する可能性が低い。また、ハイドロフォームを行う際、パイプ材Pの長手方向ほぼ中央部が最初からバンジョー部成形面2Bと接触しているので、パイプ材Pとバンジョー部成形面2Bとの間の摩擦力がパイプ材Pの拡管に対する抵抗力となる。従って、パイプ材Pの長手方向中央部がフリーバルジ領域とはならず、割れが発生しにくい。
【0044】
次に、バンジョー部Bの車両進行方向前方側となる面、つまり、図1〜図4におけるパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部の上面に座屈が発生しない理由を説明する。
【0045】
上述したように、本実施形態の製造装置及び製造方法では、予備成形によりパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部を予め伸長させるため、ハイドロフォーム時に必要とされるパイプ材Pの伸び量は小さい。従って、ハイドロフォーム時に長手方向中央側へと流入させる材料の量は少なくてよく、液圧プレスパンチ9の軸押し量を従来と比べて減らすことができる。言い換えれば、パイプ材Pの長手方向中央部における、上下面の伸び量の差が従来よりも小さくなる。このため、座屈が発生する可能性は低くなる。
【0046】
また、ハイドロフォームを行う際には、機械プレスパンチ3がパイプ材Pの長手方向中央部の上面に常に適切な圧力を付与するため、パイプ材Pと機械プレスパンチ3との間の摩擦力によって、その部分の伸びが抑制される。つまり、パイプ材Pの長手方向中央部の上面側もフリーバルジ領域とはならず、割れの発生が防止される。
【0047】
更に本実施形態では、アクスルハウジングの軸管部Jの端部に縮径部Sを設けているので、ハイドロフォームをより良好に行うことができる。この理由を以下説明する。
【0048】
まず、図10に示すように、縮径部Sを有さないアクスルハウジングを製造する場合、パイプ材pを金型k内に収容すると、パイプ材pと金型kの成形面とが比較的大きな領域で接触することになる。つまり、金型kの成形面における軸管部成形面とパイプ材pとが成形当初から接触する。この状態で、パイプ材pに内圧を付与しつつ軸方向に押圧しようとすると、パイプ材pと金型kの成形面との間に大きな摩擦力が発生するため、材料を長手方向中央側へ流入させることが困難となる。
【0049】
これに対して、本実施形態では、図1及び図2に示すように、パイプ材Pを成形型1内に収容したときに、縮径部成形面2Sを除く部分の成形面2とパイプ材Pとの間に隙間が形成される。言い換えれば、パイプ材Pと成形型1の成形面2とが、比較的小さい面積(縮径部成形面2Sのみ)で接触する。従って、ハイドロフォームを行う際のパイプ材Pと成形面2との間の摩擦力が小さく、材料を長手方向中央側へと良好に流入させることができる。なお、図2において、機械プレスパンチ3により湾曲されたパイプ材Pが、成形面2における軸管部成形面2Jとバンジョー部成形面2Bとの境界部分と接触しているが、この部分は線接触となるため、問題となるような摩擦力は生じない。このように、縮径部Sは、パイプ材Pと成形面2との間の摩擦力を低減させる目的で設けるものであるので、その長さは比較的短く設定される。
【0050】
本発明は、様々な変形例が考えられるものである。
【0051】
例えば、図6に示すように、機械プレスパンチ3を、上型1a内に設けた中間部材11を介して駆動(移動)するようにしても良い。図6に示した形態では、機械プレスパンチ3の上端部に所定角度で傾斜したテーパ面3bが形成される。そして、そのテーパ面3bに対して接近・離反できるように、中間部材11が上型1a内に左右方向に移動可能に設けられる。中間部材11の端部には、機械プレスパンチ3のテーパ面3bとほぼ同角度で傾斜したテーパ面11aが形成される。中間部材11は上型1aの外部に設けられた駆動手段4により左右方向に移動される。駆動手段4により中間部材11が機械プレスパンチ3側に移動されると、そのテーパ面11aが機械プレスパンチ3のテーパ面3bと接触し、くさび効果により機械プレスパンチ3を下方に押し下げる。なお、機械プレスパンチ3には、機械プレスパンチ3を上方に付勢するスプリング等の付勢手段が接続される。この形態によれば、駆動手段4を機械プレスパンチ3と直接接続する必要がないので、駆動手段4を上型1aの外部に着脱自在に設け、複数の型で併用することが可能となる。
【0052】
また、機械プレスパンチ3を駆動する駆動手段4は、必ずしも機械プレスパンチ3用に独立して設ける必要はなく、プレス装置が有する他の駆動手段を併用しても良い。例えば、上型1aを上下に移動させる駆動手段の駆動力を利用して機械プレスパンチ3を駆動するようにしても良い。
【0053】
また、図7に示すように、プレス装置が、クッション機構13を有する場合、そのクッション機構13を用いて機械プレスパンチ3を駆動するようにしても良い。図7の形態では、上型1aがアクスルハウジングにおける車両進行方向後方側の面を成形し、下型1bが車両進行方向前方側の面を成形する。なお、図中14はワークリフタである。
【0055】
また、製造するアクスルハウジングの軸管部Jは、その長手方向全域に渡ってほぼ円形の断面を有するようにしても良いし、長手方向外側端部が円形の断面であり、長手方向中間部から角形の断面に変化するようにしても良い。
【0056】
更に、アクスルハウジングの縮径部Sを、アクスルハウジングの両端部に接続されるスピンドルと同形状に形成し、縮径部Sとスピンドルとを突き合わせて接合するようにしてもよいし、縮径部Sをスピンドルよりも小径に形成し、縮径部Sの外周にスピンドルを嵌合させて接合するようにしても良い。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
以上要するに本発明によれば、製造コストが低く、かつ耐久性及び信頼性が高いアクスルハウジング及びその製造方法及び装置を提供できるという優れた効果を発揮するものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】(a)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図2】(a)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図3】(a)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図4】(a)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、本発明の一実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図5】図1のアクスルハウジングの製造装置により製造したアクスルハウジングの斜視図である。
【図6】本発明の他の実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図7】本発明の他の実施形態に係るアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
【図8】従来のアクスルハウジングの正面図である。
【図9】従来のアクスルハウジングの展開図である。
【図10】(a)は、従来のアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、従来のアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【図11】(a)は、従来のアクスルハウジングの製造装置の正面断面図である。
(b)は、従来のアクスルハウジングの製造装置の幅方向中央部の側面断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1 成形型
2 成形面
2B バンジョー部成形面
2J 軸管部成形面
2S 縮径部成形面
3 機械プレスパンチ
4 駆動手段
5 充填手段
9 液圧プレスパンチ
11 中間部材
A アクスルハウジング
B バンジョー部
J 軸管部
S 縮径部
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an axle housing that houses a drive axle of a vehicle, a differential gear, and the like, and a method and apparatus for manufacturing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
FIG. 8 shows an example of an axle housing.
[0003]
The axle housing a is arranged so as to extend in the width direction of the vehicle (not shown). As shown in the figure, the axle housing a has cylindrical shaft tube portions j at both ends in the longitudinal direction, and the shaft tube at the center portion in the longitudinal direction. It has a banjo part b protruding in a circular shape in the up-down direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side (front side in the drawing) with respect to the part j.
[0004]
A drive axle or the like of the vehicle is accommodated in the shaft tube portion j, and a differential gear or the like is accommodated in the banjo portion b. A hole (not shown) through which the propeller shaft passes is formed in the front surface of the banjo part b in the vehicle traveling direction. Spindles s for supporting the wheels on the outer periphery are connected to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the axle housing a.
[0005]
Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 9, such an axle housing a includes an upper member 52 and a lower member 53 having curved portions 50 and 51 projecting upward or downward at the center in the longitudinal direction, and a substantially hemispherical cover. 54 and a triangular plate 55. Each of these members is formed of, for example, a press-formed product of a plate material. First, the upper member 52 and the lower member 53 are overlapped and welded together, and then formed at a joint portion between the upper member 52 and the lower member 53. The axle housing a as shown in FIG. 8 is manufactured by welding the triangular plate 55 and the cover 54 so as to cover the gap. Such an axle housing is also described in Patent Document 1, for example.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 09-300904 (FIG. 7 etc.)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, such a conventional axle housing has a large number of parts and a large number of processes, and the manufacturing cost is high. Moreover, since there are many welded joints, there is a possibility that durability and reliability may be lowered.
[0008]
Here, in order to reduce the manufacturing cost and increase the durability and reliability, it is preferable to divide the axle housing as small as possible. For example, if the pipe material can be expanded by hydroforming (hydraulic press molding) and the entire axle housing can be integrally molded, the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced and the durability and reliability can be increased. . However, conventionally, the manufacture of an axle housing by hydroform has not been realized due to the reasons described below.
[0009]
As shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, a conventional method for manufacturing an axle housing by hydroforming is to be manufactured in a mold k having a molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the outer shape of the axle housing to be manufactured. A pipe material p having substantially the same cross section as the portion having the smallest cross section of the power axle housing (that is, the axial tube portion) is arranged, and an axial pressure is applied to the inside of the pipe material p by a seal punch sp while applying an internal pressure by liquid. The method of expanding by pressing is common.
[0010]
However, since the axle housing has a large peripheral length ratio between the banjo part b and the shaft pipe part j (see FIG. 8) (some trucks exceed 3.0 in a large truck or the like), the longitudinal center part of the pipe material p Need to be expanded at a large expansion rate, and cracks may occur in the portion c (see FIG. 11). In particular, since the banjo part b protrudes in the vertical direction and the rear side in the vehicle traveling direction with respect to the axial pipe part j, it is necessary to expand the pipe material p in two axial directions at once, which may cause cracks. Is expensive. Further, the portion c becomes a free bulge region having no resistance to expansion (expansion) because the outer surface thereof does not come into contact with the inner surface (molding surface) of the mold k during tube expansion, which also contributes to the generation of cracks. .
[0011]
Moreover, since the banjo part b has a shape in which only one side protrudes in the vehicle traveling direction, the central part in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material p expands only one side (the upper side in FIG. 11), and the other side is a straight line. Will be maintained. That is, the amount of elongation at the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material p is greatly different between the upper and lower surfaces, and as a result, the portion d may be buckled. That is, when the pipe material p is pressed in the axial direction by the seal punch sp in order to project (expand) the one surface side of the pipe material p and the material is fed to the center in the longitudinal direction, the material on the other surface side (lower surface side) There is no place to go and buckling.
[0012]
For the above reasons, it is not realistic to manufacture an axle housing by hydroforming.
[0013]
In addition, as a method of manufacturing an axle housing by hydrofoam without causing cracks or buckling, it is conceivable to expand the pipe in stages while performing intermediate annealing on the pipe material. Cost reduction cannot be expected because it increases. In particular, the intermediate annealing not only prevents the molding process from flowing continuously, but also requires pickling to remove scale and lubrication treatment such as bonderite and bonderube, which increases costs. There is also a possibility of doing.
[0014]
As another method, a pipe material having a diameter larger than that of the shaft tube portion j is used as a raw material, and the central portion is expanded to form the banjo portion b, and both ends are reduced in diameter by swaging, thereby the shaft tube portion. There is also a method of setting j. However, this method also increases the number of manufacturing steps, and therefore cannot be expected to reduce costs.
[0015]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems, and to provide an axle housing that is low in manufacturing cost and high in durability and reliability, and a manufacturing method and apparatus therefor.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is arranged to extend in the width direction of the vehicle, and has a cylindrical shaft tube portion at both longitudinal ends. And Longitudinal center On A method of manufacturing an axle housing having a banjo portion that is enlarged in the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side with respect to the recording tube portion, A molding die having a concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the banjo part is provided, and the banjo part molding surface can be brought close to and separated from the banjo part molding surface in the molding die. Provided with a mechanical press punch, Has almost the same cross section as the shaft tube The pipe material that will be used as the base material The central part of the pipe material in the longitudinal direction ,the above Mechanical press punch By Pressing toward the banjo part molding surface, the longitudinal central portion extends in the longitudinal direction along the banjo part molding surface, Curved and preformed, then the preformed The pipe material is filled with a liquid to apply an internal pressure to expand the pipe material, and at the time of the expansion, the preformed mechanical press punch is Pipe material longitudinal center While gradually contacting the banjo part molding surface while contacting the Banjo club Forming To do.
[0017]
The present invention also provides , It is arranged extending in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube at both longitudinal ends, and is contracted in a stepped manner with respect to the shaft tube at the longitudinal outer end of the shaft tube. A method of manufacturing an axle housing having a diametrically reduced diameter portion, and having a banjo portion that is enlarged in a longitudinal direction and a rear side in a vehicle traveling direction with respect to the axial tube portion at a longitudinal center portion, The concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the part, the shaft tube part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the shaft pipe part, and the reduced diameter part were formed in substantially the same shape. Reduced diameter molding surface In the mold, a mechanical press punch capable of being close to and separated from the banjo part molding surface is provided in the mold, Reduced diameter Department and Has almost the same cross section It becomes the material Pipe material , The molding surface of the portion excluding the molding surface of the reduced diameter portion With A gap between them The longitudinal direction center part of the accommodated pipe material is pressed against the banjo part molding surface by the mechanical press punch so that the longitudinal center part is along the banjo part molding surface. The pipe material is preliminarily formed by extending and curving in the longitudinal direction, and then the pipe material is expanded by filling the inside of the preformed pipe material with an internal pressure. The preformed mechanical press punch is gradually separated from the banjo part molding surface while contacting the longitudinal center part of the pipe material to form the banjo part. .
[0018]
Further, the present invention is arranged to extend in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube portion at both ends in the longitudinal direction, And Longitudinal center On An axle housing manufacturing apparatus having a banjo portion that is enlarged in the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side with respect to the shaft tube portion, Recording Formed in almost the same shape as the jaw part Shaft tube portion formed in substantially the same shape as the concave banjo molding surface and shaft tube portion Has a molding surface and inside Have substantially the same cross section as the axial tube section Accommodates pipe material for A mold,
In the above mold , Facing the banjo part molding surface, and close to and away from the banjo part molding surface Longitudinal direction of the pipe material provided and housed in the mold Muchu Center above Banjo club On the molding surface Towards Press , The longitudinal central portion extends in the longitudinal direction along the banjo part molding surface, Curved And pre-mold Machine press punch for, In order to expand the preformed pipe material, Filling means for filling the pipe material with liquid and applying internal pressure, and pressing the pipe material to which the internal pressure is applied in the axial direction Do With hydraulic press punch When expanding the preformed pipe material, the preformed mechanical press punch is gradually separated from the banjo part molding surface while contacting the longitudinal center part of the pipe material, and the banjo part Driving means to form It is equipped with.
[0019]
The present invention also provides , It is arranged extending in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube at both longitudinal ends, and is contracted in a stepped manner with respect to the shaft tube at the longitudinal outer end of the shaft tube. An apparatus for manufacturing an axle housing having a diametrically reduced diameter portion and having a banjo portion which is enlarged in the longitudinal direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side with respect to the axial tube portion at a longitudinal center portion, The concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the part, the shaft tube part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the shaft pipe part, and the reduced diameter part were formed in substantially the same shape. Reduced diameter molding surface When Have Inside, Reduced diameter Department and Has almost the same cross section It becomes the material Pipe material The pipe material The molding surface of the portion excluding the molding surface of the reduced diameter portion With Gap between And a molding die that is provided in the molding die so as to face the banjo part molding surface and to be close to and away from the banjo part molding surface, and is accommodated in the molding die. A machine for pre-molding by pressing the longitudinal center part of the pipe material toward the banjo part molding surface, extending and curving the longitudinal center part in the longitudinal direction along the banjo part molding surface A press punch, a filling means for applying an internal pressure by filling a liquid in the pipe material to expand the preformed pipe material, and a liquid for pressing the pipe material to which the internal pressure is applied in the axial direction When expanding the pressure press punch and the preformed pipe material, the preformed mechanical press punch is gradually separated from the banjo part forming surface while being in contact with the longitudinal center of the pipe material. By, in which a drive means for forming the banjo portion .
[0020]
Further, the mechanical press punch is driven into the mold. for Intermediate member is In a direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the mechanical press punch Provided to be movable, The drive means is Outside the mold Provided , The intermediate member The mechanical press punch is driven, a tapered surface inclined at a predetermined angle is formed at the intermediate member side end of the mechanical press punch, and a tapered surface of the mechanical press punch is formed at the end of the intermediate member. A tapered surface that is inclined at the same angle and that contacts the tapered surface of the mechanical press punch is formed. May be.
[0021]
Furthermore, the present invention provides It was manufactured by the manufacturing method of the axle housing of Claim 1. Is.
[0022]
Furthermore, the present invention , It was manufactured by the manufacturing method of the axle housing of Claim 2. .
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0024]
1 to 4 are views for explaining an axle housing manufacturing apparatus and an axle housing manufacturing method using the same according to the present embodiment, in which (a) is a front sectional view and (b). FIG. 3 is a side cross-sectional view of the central portion in the width direction.
[0025]
As shown in the drawing, the axle housing manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment includes a molding die 1 for accommodating a pipe material P as a material therein. The molding die 1 includes an upper die 1a that is moved up and down by a driving means (not shown) and a lower die 1b fixed on a pedestal (not shown). As shown in FIG. 2, the upper die 1a is placed on the lower die 1b. When the two are superposed, a molding surface 2 having substantially the same shape as the outer shape of the axle housing to be manufactured is formed at the joint. The molding surface 2 includes a shaft tube portion molding surface 2J for molding the shaft tube portion J (see FIG. 5) of the axle housing, and a banjo portion molding surface 2B for molding the banjo portion B. In the present embodiment, the upper mold 1a molds the front surface of the axle housing in the vehicle traveling direction, and the lower mold 1b molds the rear surface of the vehicle traveling direction.
[0026]
As shown in FIG. 5, the axle housing manufactured by the manufacturing apparatus of the present embodiment has a reduced diameter portion S that is reduced in a step shape with respect to other portions at the outer end in the longitudinal direction of the shaft tube portion J. Have. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the molding surface 2 of the molding die 1 is reduced in diameter in a step shape with respect to other portions at the outer end in the longitudinal direction of the axial tube portion molding surface 2J. And a reduced-diameter portion molding surface 2S formed in substantially the same shape.
[0027]
At the center in the width direction of the upper mold 1a, a mechanical press punch 3 is provided for pressing and bending the center in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P disposed in the mold 1 to the banjo part molding surface 2B side. Yes. The mechanical press punch 3 is accommodated in the upper mold 1a so as to be movable in the vertical direction, and has a molding portion 3a at the lower end thereof. The mechanical press punch 3 is moved up and down by driving means 4 (for example, a hydraulic cylinder) attached to the upper die 1a. The molding part 3a of the mechanical press punch 3 is curved with substantially the same curvature as the banjo part molding surface 2B, more specifically, with a curvature obtained by subtracting twice the plate thickness of the pipe material P from the curvature of the banjo part molding surface 2B. Yes. Further, the lower surface of the molding portion 3a of the mechanical press punch 3 is formed on the shaft tube portion molding surface 2J and the reduced diameter portion molding surface 2S of the upper die 1a when the mechanical press punch 3 is positioned at the uppermost position with respect to the upper die 1a. Protrude downwards.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the axle housing manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment fills the pipe material P with a liquid such as water or oil in the pipe material P accommodated in the mold 1. A filling means 5 for applying an internal pressure is provided. The filling means 5 includes a pump 6 and a liquid passage 7 for supplying the liquid pumped by the pump 6 into the pipe material P through the inside of a hydraulic press punch 9 described later. The liquid passage 7 is provided with a shut valve (not shown).
[0029]
A hydraulic press punch (seal punch) 9 that presses the pipe material P in the axial direction is movable at both ends of the molding surface 2 of the molding die 1 in the width direction of the molding die 1 (the axial direction of the pipe material P). Is housed in. The hydraulic press punch 9 is moved by a driving means (not shown) such as a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic press punch 9 also has a function of sealing so that the liquid filled in the pipe material P does not leak from the gap between the pipe material P and the hydraulic press punch 9.
[0030]
Next, the manufacturing method of the axle housing by this manufacturing apparatus is demonstrated.
[0031]
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the upper mold 1 a is raised to open a space between the upper mold 1 a and the lower mold 1 b, and the pipe material P as a material is disposed on the lower mold 1 b. As the pipe material P, a portion having the smallest cross section of the axle housing to be manufactured, that is, a substantially straight pipe having substantially the same cross section as the reduced diameter portion S (see FIG. 5) is used. The thickness and material of the pipe material P are appropriately selected according to the size of the axle housing to be manufactured, the circumferential length ratio between the reduced diameter portion S and the banjo portion B, and the like. At this time, the mechanical press punch 3 is positioned at the uppermost position with respect to the upper die 1a.
[0032]
Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the upper mold 1 a is lowered, and the upper mold 1 a is overlaid on the lower mold 1 b on which the pipe material P is disposed, and the mold is clamped. Then, since the lower surface of the molding portion 3a of the mechanical press punch 3 protrudes downward from the reduced-diameter portion molding surface 2S of the upper die 1a, the mechanical press punch 3 moves downward (banjo) in the substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P. The pipe material P is slightly bent downward.
[0033]
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the mechanical press punch 3 is lowered by a predetermined distance by the driving means 4, and the substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P is pressed downward (on the banjo part molding surface 2 </ b> B side) with a predetermined pressure. . As a result, the substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P is curved and deformed, and the lower surface thereof protrudes in a circular shape so as to substantially follow the banjo portion molding surface 2B. By this mechanical pressing, the longitudinal center portion of the pipe material P is mainly elongated in the longitudinal direction (axial direction). This press molding by the mechanical press punch 3 is referred to as “preliminary molding” in the present specification.
[0034]
Next, the hydraulic press punches 9 are respectively arranged at both longitudinal ends of the preformed pipe material P, and the filling means 5 is connected to the hydraulic press punches 9. The hydraulic press punch 9 and the filling means 5 may be installed before the above-described pre-forming.
[0035]
Thereafter, the filling means 5 fills the preformed pipe material P with a predetermined pressure to apply an internal pressure, and presses the pipe material P to which the internal pressure is applied in the axial direction by the hydraulic press punch 9. Then, the pipe material P is expanded while flowing into the center in the longitudinal direction. At this time, as the pipe material P is expanded, the mechanical press punch 3 is appropriately raised, and an appropriate pressure is always applied to the upper surface of the pipe material P. That is, at this time, the mechanical press punch 3 functions as a so-called counter punch.
[0036]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, the pipe material P is mainly expanded in the center in the longitudinal direction, pressed against the molding surface 2 of the molding die 1, and molded into an axle housing having a predetermined shape. That is, the shapes of the shaft tube portion molding surface 2J and the reduced diameter portion molding surface 2S are transferred to both ends in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P, and the banjo portion molding surface 2B and the mechanical press punch 3 are molded in the longitudinal center portion. The shape of the surface 3a is transferred.
[0037]
As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, both end portions in the longitudinal direction have cylindrical shaft tube portions J, and at the center portion in the longitudinal direction, the shaft tube portion J is enlarged in the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side. The axle housing A having the banjo part B and the reduced diameter part S reduced in a stepped shape at the outer end in the longitudinal direction of the axial tube part J is manufactured. The front surface of the banjo part B in the vehicle traveling direction has the same shape as the molding part 3a of the mechanical press punch 3 and is recessed inwardly. This surface forms a hole through which the propeller shaft passes. This is a problem because it is a surface that is cut out.
[0038]
Thus, according to the manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of the axle housing of this embodiment, the axle housing can be integrally manufactured by hydroforming without performing operations such as intermediate annealing and swaging. Therefore, the number of parts and the number of processes can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced. In addition, since the weld joint can be reduced or eliminated, durability (such as fatigue life) and reliability are improved.
[0039]
Further, since the pipe material P is expanded by hydroforming, a large processing strain is applied to the entire surface of the pipe material P, so that the pipe material P is work-hardened and its strength is improved. Therefore, the durability and reliability of the axle housing can be further improved. Alternatively, it is possible to use a lower-strength material or a thinner material as the pipe material P as a material, and the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
[0040]
Moreover, according to the manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment, since preforming (mechanical press) and hydroforming can be performed in the same mold 1, the number of steps and the number of molds can be reduced, leading to a reduction in manufacturing cost.
[0041]
Hereinafter, the reason why the pipe material P is not cracked or buckled according to the axle housing manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method of the present embodiment will be described.
[0042]
First, the reason why cracks do not occur on the surface of the banjo part B on the rear side in the vehicle traveling direction, that is, the lower surface of the center part in the longitudinal direction of the pipe member P in FIGS.
[0043]
In the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, the center part in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P is curved by preforming using the mechanical press punch 3 and is mainly extended in the longitudinal direction (axial direction). Therefore, the amount of elongation of the pipe material P required at the time of hydroforming (hydraulic press molding) is smaller than the conventional one. That is, the pipe material P is not expanded and expanded simultaneously in the biaxial direction as in the prior art, but is first expanded and expanded mainly in the longitudinal direction by a mechanical press, and then mainly in the width direction (FIG. b) The tube is extended and expanded in the left-right direction). Therefore, the load applied to the pipe material P when hydroforming is small, and the possibility of cracking is low. Further, when hydroforming is performed, since the substantially central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P is in contact with the banjo part molding surface 2B from the beginning, the frictional force between the pipe material P and the banjo part molding surface 2B is reduced. Resistance to expansion of P. Accordingly, the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P does not become a free bulge region, and cracks are unlikely to occur.
[0044]
Next, the reason why buckling does not occur on the front surface of the banjo part B in the vehicle traveling direction, that is, the upper surface of the center part in the longitudinal direction of the pipe member P in FIGS.
[0045]
As described above, in the manufacturing apparatus and the manufacturing method of the present embodiment, the center part in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P is stretched in advance by preforming, so that the amount of elongation of the pipe material P required during hydroforming is small. Therefore, the amount of the material that flows into the center in the longitudinal direction at the time of hydroforming may be small, and the axial pressing amount of the hydraulic press punch 9 can be reduced as compared with the conventional case. In other words, the difference in the amount of elongation between the upper and lower surfaces at the center portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P becomes smaller than that in the prior art. For this reason, possibility that buckling will generate | occur | produce becomes low.
[0046]
Further, when hydroforming is performed, the mechanical press punch 3 always applies an appropriate pressure to the upper surface of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P. Therefore, the friction force between the pipe material P and the mechanical press punch 3 is used. , The elongation of the portion is suppressed. That is, the upper surface side of the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the pipe material P does not become a free bulge region, and the occurrence of cracks is prevented.
[0047]
Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the reduced diameter part S is provided in the edge part of the axial pipe part J of an axle housing, hydroforming can be performed more favorably. The reason for this will be described below.
[0048]
First, as shown in FIG. 10, when manufacturing an axle housing having no reduced diameter portion S, when the pipe material p is accommodated in the mold k, the pipe material p and the molding surface of the mold k are relatively The contact will be in a large area. That is, the shaft tube part molding surface and the pipe material p on the molding surface of the mold k are in contact with each other from the beginning of molding. In this state, if an axial pressure is applied to the pipe material p while applying an internal pressure, a large frictional force is generated between the pipe material p and the molding surface of the mold k. It becomes difficult to let it flow.
[0049]
On the other hand, in this embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when the pipe material P is accommodated in the molding die 1, the molding surface 2 and the pipe material of the portion excluding the reduced diameter portion molding surface 2S. A gap is formed with P. In other words, the pipe material P and the molding surface 2 of the mold 1 are in contact with each other with a relatively small area (only the reduced diameter portion molding surface 2S). Therefore, the frictional force between the pipe material P and the molding surface 2 when performing hydroforming is small, and the material can be satisfactorily flown into the center in the longitudinal direction. In FIG. 2, the pipe material P curved by the mechanical press punch 3 is in contact with the boundary portion between the shaft tube portion molding surface 2J and the banjo portion molding surface 2B on the molding surface 2, but this portion is a line. Because of the contact, there is no frictional force that causes a problem. As described above, the reduced diameter portion S is provided for the purpose of reducing the frictional force between the pipe material P and the molding surface 2, and thus the length thereof is set to be relatively short.
[0050]
Various modifications can be considered for the present invention.
[0051]
For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the mechanical press punch 3 may be driven (moved) via an intermediate member 11 provided in the upper die 1a. In the form shown in FIG. 6, a tapered surface 3 b inclined at a predetermined angle is formed at the upper end portion of the mechanical press punch 3. And the intermediate member 11 is provided in the upper mold | type 1a so that a movement in the left-right direction is possible so that it can approach / separate with respect to the taper surface 3b. A tapered surface 11 a that is inclined at substantially the same angle as the tapered surface 3 b of the mechanical press punch 3 is formed at the end of the intermediate member 11. The intermediate member 11 is moved in the left-right direction by the driving means 4 provided outside the upper mold 1a. When the intermediate member 11 is moved to the mechanical press punch 3 side by the driving means 4, the tapered surface 11a comes into contact with the tapered surface 3b of the mechanical press punch 3, and the mechanical press punch 3 is pushed downward by the wedge effect. The mechanical press punch 3 is connected to a biasing means such as a spring that biases the mechanical press punch 3 upward. According to this embodiment, since it is not necessary to directly connect the driving means 4 to the mechanical press punch 3, the driving means 4 can be detachably provided outside the upper mold 1a and can be used in combination with a plurality of molds.
[0052]
Further, the driving means 4 for driving the mechanical press punch 3 is not necessarily provided independently for the mechanical press punch 3, and other driving means included in the press apparatus may be used in combination. For example, the mechanical press punch 3 may be driven using the driving force of the driving means that moves the upper die 1a up and down.
[0053]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7, when the press device has a cushion mechanism 13, the mechanical press punch 3 may be driven using the cushion mechanism 13. In the form of FIG. 7, the upper mold 1 a forms a surface on the rear side in the vehicle traveling direction in the axle housing, and the lower mold 1 b forms a surface on the front side in the vehicle traveling direction. In the figure, reference numeral 14 denotes a work lifter.
[0055]
Further, the axial tube portion J of the axle housing to be manufactured may have a substantially circular cross section over the entire length direction, or the outer end portion in the longitudinal direction is a circular cross section, You may make it change to a square cross section.
[0056]
Further, the reduced diameter portion S of the axle housing may be formed in the same shape as the spindles connected to both ends of the axle housing, and the reduced diameter portion S and the spindle may be abutted and joined. S may be formed to have a smaller diameter than the spindle, and the spindle may be fitted and joined to the outer periphery of the reduced diameter portion S.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, an excellent effect that an axle housing having a low manufacturing cost and high durability and reliability, and a manufacturing method and apparatus thereof can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 (a) is a front sectional view of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the center part of the width direction of the manufacturing apparatus of the axle housing which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 2 (a) is a front sectional view of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the center part of the width direction of the manufacturing apparatus of the axle housing which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 3 (a) is a front sectional view of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the center part of the width direction of the manufacturing apparatus of the axle housing which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
FIG. 4A is a front sectional view of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the center part of the width direction of the manufacturing apparatus of the axle housing which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
5 is a perspective view of an axle housing manufactured by the axle housing manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 6 is a side cross-sectional view of a central portion in the width direction of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a front cross-sectional view of an axle housing manufacturing apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a front view of a conventional axle housing.
FIG. 9 is a development view of a conventional axle housing.
FIG. 10 (a) is a front sectional view of a conventional axle housing manufacturing apparatus.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the width direction center part of the manufacturing apparatus of the conventional axle housing.
FIG. 11 (a) is a front sectional view of a conventional axle housing manufacturing apparatus.
(B) is side surface sectional drawing of the width direction center part of the manufacturing apparatus of the conventional axle housing.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Mold
2 Molding surface
2B Banjo molding surface
2J Shaft tube forming surface
2S reduced diameter molding surface
3 Mechanical press punch
4 Drive means
5 Filling means
9 Hydraulic press punch
11 Intermediate member
A Axle housing
B Banjo Club
J-axis tube section
S Reduced diameter part

Claims (7)

車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造方法であって、
上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面を有する成形型を設けると共に、その成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて該バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能な機械プレスパンチを設け、
上記成形型内に、上記軸管部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を収容し、その収容されたパイプ材の長手方向中央部を、上記機械プレスパンチにより上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を、上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させて予備成形し、
次に、その予備成形されたパイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与して該パイプ材を拡管させると共に、その拡管の際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成することを特徴とするアクスルハウジングの製造方法。
Are arranged to extend in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube portion longitudinally opposite end portions, and the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side of the upper Kijiku tube portion in the longitudinally central portion A method for manufacturing an axle housing having an enlarged banjo part, comprising:
A molding die having a concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the banjo part is provided, and the banjo part molding surface can be brought close to and separated from the banjo part molding surface in the molding die. Machine press punch
In the mold, accommodates a pipe material as a raw material have a substantially identical cross section as the shaft tube portion, a longitudinal center portion of the stowed pipe, the banjo portion molding surface by the mechanical press punch To the longitudinal direction, along the banjo part molding surface, extend and curve in the longitudinal direction, and preformed,
Next, the preformed pipe material is filled with a liquid to apply an internal pressure to expand the pipe material, and at the time of the expansion, the preformed mechanical press punch is attached to the pipe material. A method of manufacturing an axle housing, wherein the banjo part is formed by being gradually separated from the banjo part molding surface while being in contact with a central part in the longitudinal direction.
車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ上記軸管部の長手方向外側端部に上記軸管部に対して段差状に縮径された縮径部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造方法であって、
上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面と上記軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面と上記縮径部とほぼ同一形状に形成された縮径部成形面とを有する成形型を設けると共に、その成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて該バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能な機械プレスパンチを設け、
上記成形型内に、上記縮径部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を上記縮径部成形面を除く部分の上記成形面との間に隙間を設けて収容し、その収容されたパイプ材の長手方向中央部を、上記機械プレスパンチにより上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を、上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させて予備成形し、
次に、その予備成形されたパイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与して該パイプ材を拡管させると共に、その拡管の際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成することを特徴とするアクスルハウジングの製造方法。
It is arranged extending in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube at both longitudinal ends, and is contracted in a stepped manner with respect to the shaft tube at the longitudinal outer end of the shaft tube. A method of manufacturing an axle housing having a diameter-reduced diameter portion and having a banjo portion expanded in the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side with respect to the axial tube portion at the longitudinal center portion,
A concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the banjo part, a shaft tube part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the shaft pipe part, and a reduced diameter formed in substantially the same shape as the reduced diameter part. A molding die having a part molding surface, and a mechanical press punch capable of approaching and separating from the banjo part molding surface in the molding die so as to face the banjo part molding surface,
In the mold, the pipe member made of a material have a substantially identical cross section as the diameter reduction portion accommodates a gap is provided between the molding surface of the portion excluding the reduced diameter portion forming surface, the The central portion in the longitudinal direction of the accommodated pipe material is pressed toward the banjo part molding surface by the mechanical press punch, and the longitudinal central portion is extended in the longitudinal direction along the banjo part molding surface. Curved and preformed,
Next, the preformed pipe material is filled with a liquid to apply an internal pressure to expand the pipe material, and at the time of the expansion, the preformed mechanical press punch is attached to the pipe material. A method of manufacturing an axle housing, wherein the banjo part is formed by being gradually separated from the banjo part molding surface while being in contact with a central part in the longitudinal direction .
車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造装置であって、
記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面及び軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面を有し、内部に、上記軸管部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を収容するための成形型と、
上記成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて、かつ上記バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能に設けられ、上記成形型内に収容された上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させ、予備成形するための機械プレスパンチと、
上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管すべく、該パイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与する充填手段と、
上記内圧が付与されたパイプ材を軸方向に押圧する液圧プレスパンチと
上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管する際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成する駆動手段とを備えたことを特徴とするアクスルハウジングの製造装置。
Are arranged to extend in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube portion longitudinally opposite end portions, and the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side of the upper Kijiku tube portion in the longitudinally central portion An apparatus for manufacturing an axle housing having an enlarged banjo part,
Has an upper fangs Njo portion substantially banjo portion forming surface of the concave formed in the same shape and the shaft tube portion forming surface formed in almost the same shape as the axle tube portion, the inner, substantially the same as the shaft tube portion A mold for containing a pipe material having a cross section of
In the mold, it is opposed to the banjo portion forming surface, and close to the banjo portion molding surface provided to be spaced a longitudinal direction Mukonaka central portion of the pipe member which is accommodated in the mold is pressed toward the banjo portion molding surface, extending the longitudinal central portion in the longitudinal direction along the above banjo section molding surface is curved, the mechanical press punch for preforming,
In order to expand the preformed pipe material, a filling means for filling the inside of the pipe material with liquid and applying an internal pressure;
A hydraulic press punch that axially presses the pipe material to which the internal pressure is applied ;
When expanding the preformed pipe material, the preformed mechanical press punch is gradually separated from the banjo portion molding surface while contacting the longitudinal center portion of the pipe material, and the banjo portion is An axle housing manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a driving means for forming the axle housing.
車両の幅方向に延出させて配置され、長手方向両端部に筒状の軸管部 を有し、かつ上記軸管部の長手方向外側端部に上記軸管部に対して段差状に縮径された縮径部を有し、かつ長手方向中央部に上記軸管部に対して上下方向及び車両進行方向後方側に拡大されたバンジョー部を有するアクスルハウジングの製造装置であって、
上記バンジョー部とほぼ同一形状に形成された凹状のバンジョー部成形面と上記軸管部とほぼ同一形状に形成された軸管部成形面と上記縮径部とほぼ同一形状に形成された縮径部成形面を有し、内部に、上記縮径部とほぼ同一の断面を有し素材となるパイプ材を、該パイプ材と上記縮径部成形面を除く部分の上記成形面との間に隙間を設けて収容するための成形型と、
上記成形型内に、上記バンジョー部成形面に対向させて、かつ上記バンジョー部成形面に近接、離間可能に設けられ、上記成形型内に収容された上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に向けて押圧して、該長手方向中央部を上記バンジョー部成形面に沿うように長手方向に伸長、湾曲させ、予備成形するための機械プレスパンチと、
上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管すべく、該パイプ材の内部に液体を充填して内圧を付与する充填手段と、
上記内圧が付与されたパイプ材を軸方向に押圧する液圧プレスパンチと、
上記予備成形されたパイプ材を拡管する際に、上記予備成形した機械プレスパンチを、上記パイプ材の長手方向中央部に接触させつつ上記バンジョー部成形面から徐々に離間させて、上記バンジョー部を形成する駆動手段とを備えたことを特徴とするアクスルハウジングの製造装置。
It is arranged extending in the width direction of the vehicle, has a cylindrical shaft tube at both longitudinal ends , and is contracted in a stepped manner with respect to the shaft tube at the longitudinal outer end of the shaft tube. An apparatus for manufacturing an axle housing having a diameter-reduced diameter portion and having a banjo portion expanded in the vertical direction and the vehicle traveling direction rear side with respect to the axial tube portion at the longitudinal center portion,
A concave banjo part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the banjo part, a shaft tube part molding surface formed in substantially the same shape as the shaft pipe part, and a reduced diameter formed in substantially the same shape as the reduced diameter part. and a part forming surface, the interior, between the pipe material as a raw material have a substantially identical cross section as the diameter reduction portion, the molding surface of the portion excluding the pipe member and the reduced diameter portion forming surface A mold for accommodating with a gap between,
In the molding die, the banjo part molding surface is provided so as to be close to and away from the banjo part molding surface, and the longitudinal central part of the pipe material accommodated in the molding die is disposed in the banjo. A mechanical press punch for pressing toward the part molding surface, extending and curving the longitudinal center part along the banjo part molding surface in the longitudinal direction, and preforming;
In order to expand the preformed pipe material, a filling means for filling the inside of the pipe material with liquid and applying an internal pressure;
A hydraulic press punch that axially presses the pipe material to which the internal pressure is applied;
When expanding the preformed pipe material, the preformed mechanical press punch is gradually separated from the banjo portion molding surface while contacting the longitudinal center portion of the pipe material, and the banjo portion is An axle housing manufacturing apparatus, comprising: a driving means for forming the axle housing.
上記成形型内に、上記機械プレスパンチを駆動するための中間部材が、上記機械プレスパンチの移動方向と直交する方向に移動可能に設けられ、
上記駆動手段は、上記成形型の外部に設けられ、上記中間部材を介して上記機械プレスパンチを駆動し、
上記機械プレスパンチの上記中間部材側端部に、所定角度で傾斜したテーパ面が形成され、上記中間部材の端部に、上記機械プレスパンチのテーパ面と同角度で傾斜すると共に、該機械プレスパンチのテーパ面に接触するテーパ面が形成された請求項3又は4記載のアクスルハウジングの製造装置。
An intermediate member for driving the mechanical press punch is provided in the mold so as to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the moving direction of the mechanical press punch .
The drive means is provided outside the mold , drives the mechanical press punch through the intermediate member ,
A taper surface inclined at a predetermined angle is formed at the end of the mechanical press punch on the intermediate member side, and the end of the intermediate member is inclined at the same angle as the taper surface of the mechanical press punch. The apparatus for manufacturing an axle housing according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a tapered surface that contacts the tapered surface of the punch is formed .
請求項1記載のアクスルハウジングの製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とするアクスルハウジング。 An axle housing manufactured by the method for manufacturing an axle housing according to claim 1 . 請求項2記載のアクスルハウジングの製造方法により製造されたことを特徴とするアクスルハウジング。 An axle housing manufactured by the method for manufacturing an axle housing according to claim 2 .
JP2003148988A 2003-05-27 2003-05-27 Axle housing and method and apparatus for manufacturing the same Expired - Fee Related JP4098158B2 (en)

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