JP4027338B2 - 内燃機関の排ガス系における排ガス後処理装置/消音装置コンビネーション - Google Patents
内燃機関の排ガス系における排ガス後処理装置/消音装置コンビネーション Download PDFInfo
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- JP4027338B2 JP4027338B2 JP2004116884A JP2004116884A JP4027338B2 JP 4027338 B2 JP4027338 B2 JP 4027338B2 JP 2004116884 A JP2004116884 A JP 2004116884A JP 2004116884 A JP2004116884 A JP 2004116884A JP 4027338 B2 JP4027338 B2 JP 4027338B2
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- exhaust gas
- particle separator
- silencer
- muffler
- oxidation catalyst
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000003584 silencer Effects 0.000 title claims description 45
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 102220047090 rs6152 Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 101000841210 Xenopus laevis Endothelin-3 receptor Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 102000006463 Talin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010083809 Talin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000030279 gene silencing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001743 silencing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
- F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/10—Pillows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/007—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows comprising deodorising, fragrance releasing, therapeutic or disinfecting substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
- A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
- A47G9/10—Pillows
- A47G2009/1018—Foam pillows
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
- F01N2230/04—Catalytic converters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
−予備酸化触媒の自由排ガス流入面積が、単数または複数の粒子分離器の自由排ガス流入面積よりも極めて小さくなっており、
−予備酸化触媒の横縦比AR=I/Φeffが、0.4から0.6の間に位置しており、
−単数または複数の粒子分離器の横縦比AR=I/Φeffが、0.5から1.0の間に位置しており、
−予備酸化触媒の容積が、2.5Literから4Literの間に位置しており、単数または複数の粒子分離器の容積が、5.5Literから22Literの間に位置しており、予備触媒容積/単数または複数の粒子分離器容積の比が、0.15から0.55の間に位置しており、
−粒子分離器の横縦比/予備酸化触媒の横縦比の関係が、1.05から2.2の間に位置しており、
−最大排ガス−体積流量[Nm3/h]では、排ガス体積流量/自由排ガス流入面積から求められる流路速度が、予備酸化触媒では8m/secを上回り、単数または複数の粒子分離器では5m/secを上回っており、最大排ガス体積流量が、最大許容圧力損失と、排ガスを搬送する内燃機関の機能性に関する最大許容排ガス対抗圧力とによって制限されている。
a) V−Kat15の自由排ガス流入面積は、単数または複数のPM−分離器16の排ガス流入面積よりも極めて小さくなっている。
b) 横縦比AR=長さ(l)/直径eff(Φeff)は、V−Kat15では0.4〜0.6である。
c) 横縦比AR=長さ(l)/直径eff(Φeff)は、PM−分離器16では0.5〜1.0である。
d) V−Kat15の容積は、2.5〜4Literであり、単数または複数のPM−分離器16の容積は、5.5〜22Literであり、V−Kat15の容積/単数または複数のPM−分離器16の容積の比は、0.15〜0.55である。
e) 単数または複数のPM−分離器16の横縦比/V−Kat15の横縦比の関係は、1.05〜2.2である。
f) 最大排ガス−体積流量[Nm3/h]では、流路速度KG(=排ガス体積流量/自由排ガス流入面積)は、V−Kat15では8m/秒よりも大きく、単数または複数のPM−分離器16では5m/秒よりも大きいのが望ましく、ここでは最大排ガス−体積流量は、最大許容圧力損失と、排ガスを搬送する内燃機関の機能性に関する最大許容排ガス対抗圧力とによって制限されている。
Claims (6)
- 内燃機関、たとえばトラックまたはバスなどの商用車のディーゼルエンジンの排ガス系における排ガス後処理装置/消音装置コンビネーションであって、消音器が設けられており、該消音器が、空間的に前方の端壁と後方の端壁と外周壁とによって制限されており、該消音器の内室に、通流する排ガスのNO2−成分を大幅に高める少なくとも1つの予備酸化触媒と、たとえば触媒反応性の少なくとも1つの粒子分離器とが組み込まれており、後処理される排ガスが、流入管を通って消音器に導入可能で、予備酸化触媒ならびに単数または複数の粒子分離器とを通流して浄化され、直接的に消音されて再び消音器から導出可能である形式のものにおいて、
−予備酸化触媒(15)の自由排ガス流入面積が、単数または複数の粒子分離器(15)の自由排ガス流入面積よりも極めて小さくなっており、
−予備酸化触媒(15)の横縦比AR=長さ(l)/直径eff(Φ eff )が、0.4から0.6の間に位置しており、
−単数または複数の粒子分離器(16)の横縦比AR=長さ(l)/直径eff(Φ eff )が、0.5から1.0の間に位置しており、
−予備酸化触媒(15)の容積が、2.5Literから4Literの間に位置しており、単数または複数の粒子分離器(16)の容積が、5.5Literから22Literの間に位置しており、予備触媒容積/単数または複数の粒子分離器容積の比が、0.15から0.55の間に位置しており、
−粒子分離器(16)の横縦比/予備酸化触媒(15)の横縦比の関係が、1.05から2.2の間に位置しており、
−最大排ガス−体積流量[Nm3/h]では、排ガス体積流量/自由排ガス流入面積から求められる流路速度が、予備酸化触媒(15)では8m/secを上回り、単数または複数の粒子分離器(16)では5m/secを上回っており、最大排ガス体積流量が、最大許容圧力損失と、排ガスを搬送する内燃機関の機能性に関する最大許容排ガス対抗圧力とによって制限されていることを特徴とする、内燃機関の排ガス系における排ガス後処理装置/消音装置コンビネーション。 - 予備酸化触媒(15)が、寸法=直径×長さにおいてセル数160または200cpsiで220×101.5mmまたは200×101.5mmの寸法、またはセル数160cpsiで180×101.5mmの寸法を有する円筒形状を有していて、かつ5g/1000Nm3/h排ガス体積流量のオーダー、つまりほぼ1.0から1.5g/Literの容積で白金コーティングを有している、請求項1記載の装置。
- 消音器(10)に、平行通流形成のためにそれぞれ円筒形状を有する4つの同一の粒子分離器(16)が配置されており、各粒子分離器(16)が、寸法=直径×長さにおいてセル数200で150×150mmまたは150×225mmまたは150×300mmの寸法を有している、請求項1または2記載の装置。
- 消音器(10)に、平行通流形成のためにそれぞれ円筒形状を有する3つの同一の粒子分離器(16)が配置されており、各粒子分離器(16)が、寸法=直径×長さにおいてセル数200cpsiで150×150mmの寸法を有している、請求項1または2記載の装置。
- 消音器(10)に、予備酸化触媒(15)以外に、円筒形状を有する1つの粒子分離器(16)が配置されており、該粒子分離器(16)が、寸法=直径×長さにおいてセル数200cpsiで254×150mmもしくは220×225mmの寸法を有しているか、またはセル数160cpsiで220×150mmの寸法を有している、請求項1または2記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10316802A DE10316802A1 (de) | 2003-04-11 | 2003-04-11 | Kombinierte Abgasnachbehandlungs-/Schalldämpfungsvorrichtung im Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2004316653A JP2004316653A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
JP4027338B2 true JP4027338B2 (ja) | 2007-12-26 |
Family
ID=32981124
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004116884A Expired - Lifetime JP4027338B2 (ja) | 2003-04-11 | 2004-04-12 | 内燃機関の排ガス系における排ガス後処理装置/消音装置コンビネーション |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6990804B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1475522B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4027338B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100900746B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100370118C (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE306609T1 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE10316802A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (19)
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DE102005025738A1 (de) * | 2005-06-04 | 2006-12-21 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung |
US20090007551A1 (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2009-01-08 | Volvo Lastvagnar Ab | Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System |
WO2007147119A2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2007-12-21 | Robert Aratari | Combustion generator enhancement device |
US7717205B2 (en) * | 2006-11-28 | 2010-05-18 | Caterpillar Inc. | Engine hood assembly enclosure with exhaust aftertreatment device integrated therein, and machine using same |
DE102008014528A1 (de) * | 2008-03-15 | 2009-09-17 | Hjs Fahrzeugtechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Beladungszustandes eines in den Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine eingeschalteten Partikelfilters sowie Einrichtung zum Reduzieren der Partikelemission einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102008035562A1 (de) * | 2008-07-30 | 2010-02-04 | Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh | Abgasreinigungssystem für Dieselmotoren von Nutzkraftfahrzeugen |
DE102008046870A1 (de) * | 2008-09-11 | 2009-11-26 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Schalldämpfung im Abgasweg eines Schienenfahrzeug-Verbrennungsmotors |
US20100186394A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Caterpillar Inc. | Exhaust gas after treatment assembly |
US20100186381A1 (en) * | 2009-01-26 | 2010-07-29 | Caterpillar Inc | Exhaust system thermal enclosure |
DE102009017684B4 (de) * | 2009-04-16 | 2014-09-25 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Gekapselte Abgasnachbehandlungsanlage |
JP5501424B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-16 | 2014-05-21 | 株式会社小松製作所 | 排気処理ユニット |
US9790836B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2017-10-17 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company, Inc. | Loose-fill insulation exhaust gas treatment device and methods of manufacturing |
JP6087679B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2017-03-01 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | エンジン用マフラ |
JP6252066B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-20 | 2017-12-27 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの排気装置 |
CN111133176A (zh) | 2017-09-25 | 2020-05-08 | 佛吉亚排放控制技术美国有限公司 | 排气***热端的声容积 |
US10941693B2 (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2021-03-09 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc | Vehicle frame with acoustic volume for an exhaust system |
JP6667561B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-03-18 | フタバ産業株式会社 | 排気ユニット |
JP6881334B2 (ja) * | 2018-01-29 | 2021-06-02 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
EP3775514B1 (en) * | 2018-04-05 | 2022-03-02 | Volvo Truck Corporation | An exhaust aftertreatment system for a combustion engine |
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US4899540A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1990-02-13 | Donaldson Company, Inc. | Muffler apparatus with filter trap and method of use |
US4916897A (en) * | 1988-01-08 | 1990-04-17 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Exhaust gas purifying apparatus built-in to a muffler for a diesel engine |
US5063736A (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 1991-11-12 | Cummins Engine Company, Inc. | Particulate filter trap load regeneration system |
US5285640A (en) | 1992-07-21 | 1994-02-15 | Olivo John R | Integrated post-engine emissions heater, catalytic converter and muffler |
CN2272489Y (zh) * | 1996-06-17 | 1998-01-14 | 浙江大学 | 柴油机尾气净化、*** |
DE19626980A1 (de) * | 1996-07-04 | 1998-02-26 | Roth Technik Austria | Schalldämpfer für Kraftfahrzeuge |
JP3445560B2 (ja) | 2000-07-12 | 2003-09-08 | 日野自動車株式会社 | マフラ |
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DE10118327A1 (de) | 2001-04-12 | 2002-10-17 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Abgassystem |
DE10123360A1 (de) * | 2001-05-14 | 2002-11-21 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Kombinierte Abgasnachbehandlungs-/Schalldämpfungsvorrichtung im Abgasstrang einer Brennkraftmaschine |
JP2002336627A (ja) | 2001-05-15 | 2002-11-26 | Mitsui & Co Ltd | 炭素粒子の減少装置 |
GB0113226D0 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2001-07-25 | Nelson Burgess Ltd | Catalytic converter |
-
2003
- 2003-04-11 DE DE10316802A patent/DE10316802A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2004
- 2004-04-01 DE DE502004000097T patent/DE502004000097D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 EP EP04007938A patent/EP1475522B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-01 AT AT04007938T patent/ATE306609T1/de active
- 2004-04-09 KR KR1020040024448A patent/KR100900746B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-04-12 JP JP2004116884A patent/JP4027338B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-12 CN CNB2004100346025A patent/CN100370118C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-04-12 US US10/822,542 patent/US6990804B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1475522A2 (de) | 2004-11-10 |
EP1475522A3 (de) | 2004-12-01 |
ATE306609T1 (de) | 2005-10-15 |
DE10316802A1 (de) | 2004-10-21 |
US6990804B2 (en) | 2006-01-31 |
CN100370118C (zh) | 2008-02-20 |
KR20040089531A (ko) | 2004-10-21 |
JP2004316653A (ja) | 2004-11-11 |
CN1536207A (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
KR100900746B1 (ko) | 2009-06-05 |
US20040202590A1 (en) | 2004-10-14 |
EP1475522B1 (de) | 2005-10-12 |
DE502004000097D1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
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