JP3725004B2 - Work vehicle - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP3725004B2
JP3725004B2 JP2000093323A JP2000093323A JP3725004B2 JP 3725004 B2 JP3725004 B2 JP 3725004B2 JP 2000093323 A JP2000093323 A JP 2000093323A JP 2000093323 A JP2000093323 A JP 2000093323A JP 3725004 B2 JP3725004 B2 JP 3725004B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
clutch
speed
wheel
front wheel
work vehicle
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JP2000093323A
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JP2001277880A (en
Inventor
信繁 市川
真史 山本
光雄 渡土
陽一 杉原
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Kubota Corp
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Kubota Corp
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  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度と等しい速度に設定する4輪駆動位置と、前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度より増速させる増速位置と、前車輪に対する動力を遮断する中立位置とに切換え自在な前輪変速装置を備えると共に、前車輪の操向操作と連動して前輪変速装置を4輪駆動位置から増速位置に切換える前輪変速手段を備えている作業車に関し、詳しくは、2輪駆動状態での走行時に後車輪を制動する操作があった場合に前車輪も伝動状態に設定する技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
上記のように構成された作業車として特開平10‐217790号公報に示されるものが存在し、この従来例では、2輪駆動状態での走行時に左右のブレーキペダルが踏み込み操作された場合には、標準の4輪駆動状態に設定して制動性能の向上を図る点が記載されている(段落番号〔0027〕)。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
又、従来の技術に挙げた作業車では、前輪変速装置のシフト部材を増速側に操作すると、摩擦式クラッチが伝動状態に達して前車輪に後車輪より増速した動力を伝え、シフト部材を標準側に操作すると、咬合式のクラッチを介して後車輪と等速の動力を前車輪に伝え(標準の4輪駆動状態)、シフト部材を中立位置に設定した場合には前車輪への動力を遮断するよう(2輪駆動状態)構成されている。しかし、この従来の技術の作業車では、2輪駆動状態において後車輪を制動操作した場合に、この操作と連係して咬合式のクラッチを入り操作して標準の4輪駆動状態に設定する構造であるため、異音を発生するばかりでなく、耐久性の面で改善の余地がある。
【0004】
本発明の目的は、2輪駆動状態での制動時に4輪駆動状態に設定して制動性能の向上させる有効性を損なうことなく静粛で耐久性の高い作業車を合理的に構成する点にある。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の第1の特徴(請求項1)は、前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度と等しい速度に設定する4輪駆動位置と、前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度より増速させる増速位置と、前車輪に対する動力を遮断する中立位置とに切換え自在な前輪変速装置を備えると共に、前車輪の操向操作と連動して前輪変速装置を4輪駆動位置から増速位置に切換える前輪変速手段を備えている作業車において、前記前輪変速装置が、前記増速位置、あるいは、4輪駆動位置で入り状態に達して前車輪に動力を伝達する摩擦式のクラッチを備えて構成され、この前輪変速装置が中立位置にある状態で後車輪を制動する操作が行われた際には、後車輪の制動操作に連係して前記クラッチを入り操作すると共に該クラッチの入り操作を設定時間だけ行うよう操作形態が設定されている強制制御手段を備えている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0006】
【0007】
本発明の第2の特徴(請求項2)は請求項1において、前記設定時間が車体の走行速度が高速であるほど延長されるよう前記強制制御手段の操作形態が設定されている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0008】
本発明の第3の特徴(請求項3)は請求項1または2において、前記強制制御手段が、車体の走行速度が予め設定された速度を超えている状態で、後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう構成されている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0009】
本発明の第4の特徴(請求項4)は請求項1〜3項のいずれか1項において、前記強制制御手段が、前記前車輪の操向角度が予め設定された角度以下にある状態で、後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう構成されている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0010】
本発明の第5の特徴(請求項5)は請求項1〜4項のいずれか1項において、前記クラッチを入り操作する油圧式のシリンダ機構を備えると共に、前記強制制御手段でクラッチを入り操作する際には、シリンダ機構に供給する作動油の昇圧特性の調節で衝撃を低減する調節手段を備えている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0011】
本発明の第6の特徴(請求項6)は請求項5において、前記調節手段が、車体の走行速度に基づいて前記シリンダ機構に供給する作動油の昇圧特性を変更するよう処理形態が設定されている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0012】
本発明の第7の特徴(請求項7)は請求項1〜6項のいずれか1項において、前記後車輪が左右一対備えられ、この左右の後車輪を独立して制動操作する一対のブレーキペダルを備え、この左右のブレーキペダルを一体作動させる連結部材を備えると共に、この連結部材が連結状態にあることを判別した際に前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう前記強制制御手段が構成されている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0013】
本発明の第8の特徴(請求項8)は請求項1〜7項のいずれか1項において、後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作時に複数段の変速が行える変速機構の変速段を1段減速方向に作動させて走行速度を減ずる減速手段を備えている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0014】
本発明の第9の特徴(請求項9)は請求項1〜8項のいずれか1項において、前記強制制御手段によるクラッチの入り作動を許す状態と、阻止する状態との選択を行う選択機構を備えている点にあり、その作用、及び、効果は次の通りである。
【0015】
〔作用〕
【0016】
上記第1の特徴によると、前輪変速装置を4輪駆動位置に設定した状態で前車輪を操向操作した場合には、前輪変速手段が前輪変速装置を増速位置に切換えて小半径での旋回を可能にすると共に、前輪変速装置が中立位置にある状態(2輪駆動状態)での走行時に後車輪を制動する操作があった場合には、強制制御手段が摩擦式のクラッチを入り操作して前車輪と後車輪とを伝動状態に設定し、前後車輪を拘束状態に設定して制動性能を向上させるものとなる。そして、このように前車輪を伝動状態に設定する際には摩擦式のクラッチが入り操作されるので伝動状態への切換わりが円滑となる。
【0017】
又、上記第1の特徴によると、強い制動力が必要な制動の初期だけに前後車輪を拘束状態にして強い制動力を作用させ、しかも、長時間クラッチを入り状態に維持するものと比較するとクラッチの耐久性を向上させるものとなる。
【0018】
上記第2の特徴によると、強い制動力が必要な制動の初期だけに前後車輪を拘束状態にして強い制動力を作用させ、しかも、クラッチの耐久性を向上させると共に、この拘束時間を車速が高速であるほど延長する結果、高速走行であっても良好に減速できるものとなる。
【0019】
上記第3の特徴によると、設定された速度を越える状態で制動操作した場合には前後車輪を拘束して強い制動力で強く減速し、又、設定された速度を越えない状態で制動操作した場合には後車輪のみ拘束して弱い制動力で滑らかに減速するものとなる。
【0020】
上記第4の特徴によると、大きく操向操作して車体の旋回を行っている場合等には強い制動力の作用を避けて車体の姿勢を安定させるものとなる。
【0021】
上記第5の特徴によると、制動操作と連係してクラッチ機構を入り操作する際には調圧手段が作動油の昇圧特性を調節することで、入り操作時の衝撃を低減するものとなり、クラッチの入り操作時の衝撃を解消できるものとなる。
【0022】
上記第6の特徴によると、走行速度に基づいて調圧手段の昇圧特性を調節することにより、クラッチの入り操作時に衝撃を解消しながら高速走行時にも低速走行時にも制動力不足に陥ることなく良好に制動力を作用させ得るものとなる。
【0023】
上記第7の特徴によると、連結部材が連結されている状態で後車輪を制動する操作があった場合にのみクラッチを入り操作することになるので、例えば、連結部材の連結を解除した状態で小半径での旋回を行う目的で旋回内側の後車輪を制動操作した場合には前車輪に動力が伝えられる不都合を解消するものとなる。
【0024】
上記第8の特徴によると、クラッチの入り操作と連係して減速手段が複数段の変速が行える変速機構の変速段を1段減速方向に作動させて走行速度を減ずるので、軽く制動操作しただけでも、前後車輪による制動とシフトダウンによる減速とによって走行速度を減ずることになる。
【0025】
上記第9の特徴によると、選択機構によってクラッチの入り作動を許す状態を選択しておくと良好な制動状態を現出し、クラッチの入り作動を阻止する状態を選択しておくと後車輪だけの制動を行って軽く制動力を作用させることも可能にするものとなる。
【0026】
〔発明の効果〕
従って、2輪駆動状態での走行時での制動時に4輪駆動状態に設定して制動性能の向上させる有効性を損なうことなく、クラッチの入り作動時に静粛でクラッチの耐久性が向上する作業車が合理的に構成されたのである。又、無駄な制動を行うことなく必要なタイミングで強い制動力を作用させ、かつ、耐久性を向上させることができた(請求項1)。又、走行速度に拘わらず無駄な制動を行うことなく必要なタイミングで強い制動力を作用させ、かつ、耐久性を向上させ(請求項2)、走行速度に基づいて後車輪だけの制動と前後車輪での制動との切換えを行い(請求項3)、車体の旋回時など小半径での旋回時には強い制動力の作用を避けて車体の姿勢を安定させ(請求項4)、制動時にクラッチを円滑に入り操作し(請求項5)、高速走行状態でも制動力不足に陥ることなくクラッチを円滑に入り操作し(請求項6)、旋回内側の後車輪を制動して小半径での旋回を行う際には前車輪の制動を阻止して円滑な旋回を可能にし(請求項7)、制動操作と連係した良好な減速を可能にするものとなり(請求項8)、選択操作によって必要な場合にのみ有効に良好な制動状態を現出するものとなった(請求項9)。
【0027】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に示すように、前車輪1及び後車輪2を備えた車体3の前部にエンジン4を搭載すると共に、このエンジン4からの動力を主クラッチハウジング5に内蔵した主クラッチを介して車体後部に配置したミッションケース6に伝える伝動系を備え、車体3の中央部にステアリングハンドル7を配置し、左右の後車輪2のフェンダーの中間位置に運転座席8を配置して作業車としての農用トラクタを構成する。
【0028】
図1、図3に示すように、ミッションケース6の側面には左右の後車輪2を独立して制動するサイドブレーキ9を備えており、運転座席8の前方のステップの右側には踏み込み操作で左右のサイドブレーキ9を制動操作する左右一対のブレーキペダル10を配置してあり、この左右一対のブレーキペダル10は支軸11周りで姿勢切換え自在に構成された連結部材としての連結金具12で連結することで一体作動するよう構成されている。尚、連結金具12を連結位置に設定したことを検出する連結スイッチ13と、ブレーキペダル10を踏み込み操作したことを検出するブレーキスイッチ14とを備えている。又、ステップの左側には、踏み込み操作で前記主クラッチを切り操作する主クラッチペダル15を配置してある。更に、前車輪1の操向作動系には操向角度を計測するポテンショメータ型のステアリングセンサ16を備えている。
【0029】
前記ミッションケース6は変速レバー17の操作に基づいて、前記主クラッチを人為的に切り操作することなく内蔵した油圧式の変速機構を作動させてギヤ式の変速機構を変速作動させて複数段の変速を行えるよう構成され、このミッションケース6の下面には前車輪1に動力を伝える前輪変速装置Aを備えており、この前輪変速装置Aの構造を以下に説明する。
【0030】
図4に示すようにミッションケース6で変速された動力は伝動軸21を介して差動機構Dを介して後車輪2に伝えられ、この伝動軸21からの動力を中間軸22に遊転支承した中間ギヤ23を介してカウンター軸24の第1ギヤ25に伝える伝動系を形成してある。又、このカウンター軸24と平行姿勢で備えられた出力軸26に遊転支承した標準伝動ギヤ27とカウンタ軸24の第1ギヤ25とを咬合させ、カウンター軸24の第2ギヤ28と出力軸26に遊転支承した高速伝動ギヤ29とを咬合させてあり、標準伝動ギヤ27、高速伝動ギヤ29夫々には摩擦式のクラッチCe、Cfが一体的に形成され、これらの中間位置に対してクラッチCe、Cfを入り操作するシフト部材30が出力軸26に対してスプラインを介してスライド移動自在に外嵌されている。尚、クラッチCe、CfをクラッチCと総称する。
【0031】
同図に示すように、出力軸26の前端には前車輪1に動力を伝える中間伝動軸31が連結され、シフト部材30は中立位置Nに設定されることで出力軸26には動力を伝えず後車輪2にのみ駆動力が伝えられる2輪駆動状態を現出し、このシフト部材を中立位置Nを基準に標準伝動ギヤ27の側の標準位置Eに設定することでクラッチCeを入り状態にして前車輪1に対して後車輪2の周速度と等しい周速度となる動力を伝える標準の4輪駆動状態を現出し、このシフト部材30を中立位置Nを基準にして高速伝動ギヤ29の側の増速位置Fに設定することでクラッチCfを入り状態にして前車輪1に対して後車輪2の周速度より高速度となる動力を伝える前輪1が増速された4輪駆動状態(前輪増速状態)を現出するものとなっている。
【0032】
又、前輪変速装置Aには、シフタ32を介してシフト部材30をスライド操作する油圧シリンダBを備えている。この油圧シリンダBは小内径部と大内径部とを一体形成したシリンダチューブ35を備えると共に、小内径部に内嵌するピストン36Pを有したピストンロッド36を軸芯方向に貫通させてあり、このピストンロッド36に対してスライド自在に外嵌し、大内径部に内嵌するリング状の可動ピストン37を備え、更に、シリンダチューブ35の両端部と中央部とにポートが形成されている。尚、ピストンロッド36に対して前記シフタ32を連結してある。
【0033】
夫々のポートに油圧ポンプPからの作動油を供給する3つの油路に対して電磁弁Vを備えており、これらの電磁弁Vを選択して駆動することでシフト部材30を中立位置N、標準位置E、増速位置Fの何れか1つに設定できるよう構成されている。具体的には両端位置のポートに圧油を供給することで同図に示すように可動ピストン37がシリンダチューブ35の段状部に接当した状態でピストン部36Pと圧接するものとなり、この結果、シフト部材30を中立位置Nに設定できるものとなり、図5に示す如く、中央位置のポートにだけ圧油を供給することでピストン部36Pが同図の右側の端部まで移動することからシフト部材30を標準位置Eに設定できるものとなり、図6に示す如く、右側のポートに圧油を供給することでピストン部36Pが同図の左側の端部まで移動することからシフト部材30を増速位置Fに設置できるものとなっている。
【0034】
図3に示すように制御系が形成され、この制御系ではマイクロプロセッサーを有した制御装置38に対して後車輪2の2輪駆動での走行と、前後車輪の4輪駆動(標準)での走行と、前後車輪の4輪駆動状態での旋回時に前車輪1を増速する走行との3種のモードのうちの1つを選択するモードスイッチ40からの信号、2輪駆動状態で後車輪1を制動操作した際に標準側のクラッチCeを入り操作して前車輪2にも制動力を作用させる状態を選択する選択機構としての選択スイッチ39からの信号、前記連結スイッチ13からの信号、前記ブレーキスイッチ14からの信号、ミッションケース6内の伝動系の駆動速度から走行速度を計測する車速センサ41からの信号、前記変速レバー17の設定位置を検出する変速レバーセンサ42からの信号、前記ステアリングセンサ16からの信号が入力するよう信号系が形成されると共に、前記3つの電磁弁Vと変速レバー17を強制的に変速作動させる変速モータ43とに対する信号系が形成されている。
【0035】
そして、この制御装置38の制御プログラムが図7のフローチャートのように構成されている。つまり、モードスイッチ40で4輪駆動「4駆」のモードが選択されている場合には前記前輪変速装置Aを標準位置Eに設定して4駆状態に設定維持する(#101、#102ステップ)。又、モードスイッチ40で旋回時に前車輪1を増速する「増速」が選択されている場合には前記前輪変速装置Aを標準位置Eに設定すると共に、前記変速レバーセンサ42での検出値に基づいて予め設定された変速段未満(「低速」)であることを判別した状態で、前記ステアリングセンサ16で予め設定された角度を越える操向角度を計測した場合にのみ前輪変速装置Aを増速位置Fに設定して前車輪1の増速を行い、この増速状態をステアリングセンサ16で操向量が復元するまで維持するものとなっている (#101、#103〜#107ステップ)。尚、#106ステップで前輪変速手段Jが構成されている。
【0036】
又、モードスイッチ40で2輪駆動「2駆」のモードが選択されている場合には前記前輪変速装置Aを中立位置Nに設定して2駆状態に設定すると共に、前記選択スイッチ39で制動時には前車輪1に制動力を作用させる状態が選択されている状態で、前記連結スイッチ13で連結金具12が連結状態にあることを検出し、ステアリングセンサ16で計測される操向角度が設定角度未満である場合にのみ4輪制動ルーチン(#112ステップ)の制御に移行するものとなっており、これらの制御をリセットされるまで継続するものとなっている(#101、 #108〜#113ステップ)。
【0037】
前記4駆制動ルーチンは図8のフローチャートに示すように、車速センサ41の計測結果に基づいて昇圧パラメータとON時間パラメータとをセットすると共に、ブレーキスイッチ14がON状態に達すると、電磁弁Vの開度を制御することで昇圧パラメータに従って油圧シリンダBに供給する作動油の圧力の上昇を図り乍ら前記前輪変速装置Aが標準位置Eに向かう側に作動させると共に、変速モータ43を駆動して変速段を1段減速方向に作動させ、更に、このように前輪変速装置Aの標準側のクラッチCeの入り制御を開始したタイミングを基準にして前記ON時間パラメータで設定された設定時間が経過するのと待ち、この設定時間が経過した時点で、電磁弁Vを制御することで油圧シリンダBを中立位置Nに作動させ、クラッチCeを切る処理を行うものとなっている(#a〜fステップ)。具体的に、昇圧パラメータは車体3の走行速度が高速であるほど最高圧に達するまでの時間を短縮するよう、供給される作動油の昇圧カーブを急角度に設定し、逆に走行速度が低速化するほど供給される作動油の昇圧カーブを滑らかにするよう特性が設定されている。又、ON時間パラメータは車体3の走行速度が高速であるほどタイムアップまでの時間を長くして制動力が長時間作用させるよう特性が設定されている。尚、#cステップで制動操作時にクラッチCを入り操作して前車輪1を拘束状態に設定する強制制御手段Kが構成され、#aで車体3の走行速度に基づいて油圧シリンダBの昇圧特性を設定する調節手段Lが構成され、#dでクラッチCの入り操作時に走行速度を減ずる減速手段Mが構成されている。特に、本発明では後車輪2の制動時に、前輪変速装置Aで前車輪1にも制動力を作用させる際には増速側のクラッチCfを入り作動するよう処理形態を設定することも可能である。
【0038】
このように構成したことから、モードスイッチ40で4輪駆動「4駆」のモードが選択されている状態では前後車輪1、2を駆動して強い牽引力での作業を可能にするものとなり、又、モードスイッチ40で旋回時に前車輪1を増速する「増速」が選択されている場合には直線走行時には前後車輪1、2を駆動して強い牽引力での作業を可能にすると共に、車体3を旋回させるために前車輪1を操向操作した場合には前車輪1を増速駆動することで小半径での旋回を可能にするものとなり、又、モードスイッチ40で2輪駆動「2駆」のモードが選択され、選択スイッチ39で制動時に前車輪1に制動力を作用させる状態が選択されている状態では、連結金具12が連結状態にあり、ステアリングセンサ16で計測される操向角度が設定角度未満である状態で、ブレーキペダル10で制動操作された場合にのみ標準側のクラッチCeを入り操作することで、滑らかに前車輪1にも制動力を作用させて、前車輪1と後車輪2との4輪を制動状態に強い制動力で強力に制動を行うものとなっている。又、連結金具12が連結状態にない場合には前輪変速装置Aのクラッチの入り作動を阻止することで旋回内側のサイドブレーキ9を制動状態に設定して小半径での旋回を行っている際に前車輪1に動力を伝える不都合を解消し、操向角度が大きい場合には強力な制動力の作用を解消して車体3がアンバランスになる現象を回避するものとなっており、前車輪1に制動力を作用させる場合にはブレーキペダル10が踏み込まれたタイミングから設定時間だけ制動力を作用させるので制動の初期だけ良好に制動力を作用させると共に、この制動力が作用する時間を走行速度が高速であるほど長く設定することで良好な減速を可能にし、走行速度が高速であるほど油圧シリンダBの昇圧を急速で行うことで制動不足になることなく良好な制動状態を現出するものとなっている。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 農用トラクタの全体側面図
【図2】 伝動系等の概略を示す平面図
【図3】 制御系のブロック回路図
【図4】 前輪変速装置の断面および油圧シリンダの断面を示す図
【図5】 シフタを標準位置に設定した状態の油圧シリンダの断面図
【図6】 シフタを増速位置に設定した状態の油圧シリンダの断面図
【図7】 制御動作を示すフローチャート
【図8】 4輪制動ルーチンのフローチャート
【符号の説明】
1 前車輪
2 後車輪
3 車体
39 選択機構
A 前輪変速装置
C クラッチ
E 4輪駆動位置
F 増速位置
N 中立位置
J 前輪変速手段
K 強制制御手段
L 調節手段
M 減速手段
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a four-wheel drive position for setting the peripheral speed of the front wheel to a speed equal to the peripheral speed of the rear wheel, an acceleration position for increasing the peripheral speed of the front wheel from the peripheral speed of the rear wheel, Work including a front wheel transmission that can be switched to a neutral position where power is cut off, and front wheel transmission that switches the front wheel transmission from the four-wheel drive position to the acceleration position in conjunction with the steering operation of the front wheels More specifically, the present invention relates to a technique for setting a front wheel to a transmission state when there is an operation of braking the rear wheel during traveling in a two-wheel drive state.
[0002]
[Prior art]
There is a work vehicle configured as described above in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-217790, and in this conventional example, when the left and right brake pedals are depressed when traveling in a two-wheel drive state, In addition, it is described that the standard four-wheel drive state is set to improve the braking performance (paragraph number [0027]).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Further, in the work vehicle mentioned in the prior art, when the shift member of the front wheel transmission is operated to the speed increasing side, the friction clutch reaches the transmission state, and the power increased from the rear wheel is transmitted to the front wheel, and the shift member Is operated to the standard side, power at the same speed as the rear wheel is transmitted to the front wheel via the occlusal clutch (standard four-wheel drive state), and when the shift member is set to the neutral position, It is configured to cut off power (two-wheel drive state). However, in this conventional work vehicle, when a rear wheel is braked in a two-wheel drive state, a structure in which an occlusal clutch is engaged and operated in conjunction with this operation is set to a standard four-wheel drive state. Therefore, there is room for improvement in terms of durability as well as generating abnormal noise.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to rationally configure a quiet and highly durable work vehicle without impairing the effectiveness of setting the four-wheel drive state when braking in the two-wheel drive state to improve the braking performance. .
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first feature of the present invention (Claim 1) is that the front wheel peripheral speed is set equal to the rear wheel peripheral speed, and the front wheel peripheral speed is increased from the rear wheel peripheral speed. A front wheel transmission that can be switched between a speed increasing position for speeding up and a neutral position that cuts off power to the front wheels, and the front wheel transmission from the four-wheel drive position to the speed increasing position in conjunction with the steering operation of the front wheels. In the work vehicle including the front wheel transmission means for switching to the front wheel transmission device, the front wheel transmission device includes a friction clutch that reaches the on-state at the acceleration position or the four-wheel drive position and transmits power to the front wheels. When the operation for braking the rear wheel is performed in a state where the front wheel transmission is in the neutral position, the clutch is engaged and operated in conjunction with the rear wheel braking operation. Operation form to perform only for set time Located that it includes a forced control means is set, its effects, and the effects are as follows.
[0006]
[0007]
A second feature of the present invention (Claim 2) is that, in Claim 1 , the operation mode of the forced control means is set so that the set time is extended as the traveling speed of the vehicle body increases. The operation and effect are as follows.
[0008]
A third feature of the present invention (Claim 3) is that in Claim 1 or 2 , the forcible control means is linked to the braking operation of the rear wheel in a state where the traveling speed of the vehicle body exceeds a preset speed. The operation and the effect are as follows.
[0009]
According to a fourth feature (claim 4) of the present invention, in any one of claims 1 to 3 , the forcible control means is in a state where the steering angle of the front wheel is equal to or less than a preset angle. The clutch is configured to permit the clutch engagement operation linked to the braking operation of the rear wheel, and its operation and effect are as follows.
[0010]
According to a fifth feature (claim 5) of the present invention, in any one of claims 1 to 4 , a hydraulic cylinder mechanism that engages and operates the clutch is provided, and the clutch is operated by the forced control means. In this case, there is an adjusting means for reducing the impact by adjusting the pressurizing characteristic of the hydraulic oil supplied to the cylinder mechanism, and its operation and effect are as follows.
[0011]
A sixth feature of the present invention (Claim 6) is that, in Claim 5 , the processing mode is set so that the adjusting means changes the pressure rising characteristic of the hydraulic oil supplied to the cylinder mechanism based on the traveling speed of the vehicle body. The operation and effect are as follows.
[0012]
A seventh feature of the present invention (Claim 7) is the pair of brakes according to any one of Claims 1 to 6 , wherein a pair of left and right rear wheels are provided, and the left and right rear wheels are independently braked. The forcible control means is configured to include a pedal and a connecting member that integrally operates the left and right brake pedals and to allow the clutch to be engaged when it is determined that the connecting member is in a connected state. The operation and effect are as follows.
[0013]
According to an eighth feature of the present invention (Claim 8) , in any one of Claims 1 to 7 , the speed change mechanism of the speed change mechanism capable of shifting at a plurality of speeds when the clutch is engaged with the rear wheel braking operation. It is in the point provided with the decelerating means that operates the stage in the one-stage decelerating direction to reduce the traveling speed, and its operation and effect are as follows.
[0014]
A ninth feature of the present invention (Claim 9) is the selection mechanism according to any one of Claims 1 to 8 , wherein the selection mechanism is configured to select a state in which a clutch engagement operation by the forcible control means is permitted and a state in which a clutch is to be blocked. The function and effect are as follows.
[0015]
[Action]
[0016]
According to the first feature, when the front wheel is steered with the front wheel transmission set to the four-wheel drive position, the front wheel transmission means switches the front wheel transmission to the speed increasing position to reduce the radius of the front wheel. When the vehicle is allowed to turn and the rear wheel is braked when traveling with the front wheel transmission in the neutral position (two-wheel drive state), the forced control means engages the friction clutch. Thus, the front wheels and the rear wheels are set to the transmission state, and the front and rear wheels are set to the restrained state to improve the braking performance. When the front wheels are set to the transmission state in this way, the friction type clutch is engaged and operated, so that the switching to the transmission state is smooth.
[0017]
In addition, according to the first feature, compared to a case in which the front and rear wheels are restrained only during the initial stage of braking where a strong braking force is required and a strong braking force is applied, and the clutch is kept engaged for a long time. The durability of the clutch is improved.
[0018]
According to the second feature, the front and rear wheels are restrained only at the initial stage of braking where a strong braking force is required, and a strong braking force is applied. In addition, the durability of the clutch is improved, and the restraint time is reduced by the vehicle speed. As a result of the extension, the higher the speed, the better the speed can be reduced even at high speeds.
[0019]
According to the third feature, when the braking operation is performed in a state exceeding the set speed, the front and rear wheels are restrained to decelerate strongly with a strong braking force, and the braking operation is performed without exceeding the set speed. In this case, only the rear wheels are constrained and the vehicle is smoothly decelerated with a weak braking force.
[0020]
According to the fourth feature, when the vehicle body is turned by performing a large steering operation, the action of a strong braking force is avoided and the posture of the vehicle body is stabilized.
[0021]
According to the fifth feature, when the clutch mechanism is engaged and operated in conjunction with the braking operation, the pressure adjusting means adjusts the pressure rising characteristic of the hydraulic oil, thereby reducing the impact during the engagement operation. It will be possible to eliminate the impact during the operation.
[0022]
According to the sixth feature, by adjusting the boosting characteristic of the pressure adjusting means based on the traveling speed, the braking force is eliminated during the high-speed driving and the low-speed driving while eliminating the shock during the clutch engagement operation. The braking force can be applied satisfactorily.
[0023]
According to the seventh feature, since the clutch is engaged and operated only when there is an operation of braking the rear wheel while the connecting member is connected, for example, in a state where the connection of the connecting member is released. When the rear wheel inside the turn is braked for the purpose of turning with a small radius, the disadvantage that power is transmitted to the front wheel is solved.
[0024]
According to the eighth feature, since the speed change mechanism of the speed change mechanism in which the speed reducing means can perform a multi-speed shift is operated in the one-speed reduction direction in conjunction with the clutch engagement operation, the traveling speed is reduced. However, the traveling speed is reduced by braking with the front and rear wheels and deceleration by downshifting .
[0025]
According to the ninth feature, if the state allowing the clutch engagement operation is selected by the selection mechanism, a good braking state appears, and if the state preventing the clutch engagement operation is selected, only the rear wheels are selected. It is also possible to apply braking force lightly by braking.
[0026]
〔The invention's effect〕
Therefore, a work vehicle in which the durability of the clutch is improved silently when the clutch is engaged without impairing the effectiveness of setting the four-wheel drive state during braking in the two-wheel drive state to improve the braking performance. Was reasonably structured. In addition, a strong braking force can be applied at a necessary timing without performing unnecessary braking, and durability can be improved . In addition, a strong braking force is applied at a necessary timing without performing unnecessary braking regardless of the traveling speed, and durability is improved ( Claim 2 ). Switching to braking with wheels ( Claim 3 ), when turning at a small radius such as when turning the vehicle body, avoiding the action of strong braking force to stabilize the posture of the vehicle body ( Claim 4 ), and engaging the clutch during braking Smoothly enter and operate ( Claim 5 ), and smoothly enter and operate the clutch without falling short of braking force even at high speeds ( Claim 6 ), brake the rear wheel inside the turn and turn with a small radius When performing, the front wheel is prevented from braking so that smooth turning is possible ( Claim 7 ), and good deceleration in conjunction with the braking operation is enabled ( Claim 8 ). The only effective braking condition is ( Claim 9 ).
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, an engine 4 is mounted on a front portion of a vehicle body 3 having a front wheel 1 and a rear wheel 2, and power from the engine 4 is connected to the vehicle body via a main clutch housed in a main clutch housing 5. It is equipped with a transmission system that transmits to the transmission case 6 arranged at the rear, the steering handle 7 is arranged at the center of the vehicle body 3, and the driver's seat 8 is arranged at the middle position between the fenders of the left and right rear wheels 2 for agricultural use as a work vehicle Configure the tractor.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a side brake 9 for independently braking the left and right rear wheels 2 is provided on the side surface of the transmission case 6, and a stepping operation is performed on the right side of the step in front of the driver seat 8. A pair of left and right brake pedals 10 for braking the left and right side brakes 9 are arranged, and the pair of left and right brake pedals 10 are connected by a connecting metal fitting 12 as a connecting member configured to freely change the posture around a support shaft 11. By doing so, it is configured to operate integrally. Note that a connection switch 13 for detecting that the connection fitting 12 is set at the connection position and a brake switch 14 for detecting that the brake pedal 10 is depressed are provided. On the left side of the step, a main clutch pedal 15 for disengaging the main clutch by a stepping operation is disposed. Further, the steering operation system of the front wheel 1 is provided with a potentiometer type steering sensor 16 for measuring the steering angle.
[0029]
Based on the operation of the speed change lever 17, the transmission case 6 operates a built-in hydraulic speed change mechanism without manually disengaging the main clutch, and changes the speed of the gear type speed change mechanism. A front wheel transmission A that transmits power to the front wheels 1 is provided on the lower surface of the transmission case 6, and the structure of the front wheel transmission A will be described below.
[0030]
As shown in FIG. 4, the power shifted in the transmission case 6 is transmitted to the rear wheel 2 via the transmission shaft 21 via the differential mechanism D, and the power from the transmission shaft 21 is idled and supported on the intermediate shaft 22. A transmission system is formed for transmission to the first gear 25 of the counter shaft 24 via the intermediate gear 23. Further, the standard transmission gear 27 and the first gear 25 of the counter shaft 24 are engaged with the output shaft 26 provided in a parallel posture with the counter shaft 24, and the second gear 28 of the counter shaft 24 and the output shaft are engaged. 26 is engaged with a high-speed transmission gear 29 that is idle-supported, and friction clutches Ce and Cf are integrally formed with the standard transmission gear 27 and the high-speed transmission gear 29, respectively, with respect to these intermediate positions. A shift member 30 that engages and operates the clutches Ce and Cf is externally fitted to the output shaft 26 so as to be slidable through a spline. The clutches Ce and Cf are collectively referred to as the clutch C.
[0031]
As shown in the figure, an intermediate transmission shaft 31 that transmits power to the front wheels 1 is connected to the front end of the output shaft 26, and the shift member 30 is set to the neutral position N so that power is transmitted to the output shaft 26. First, a two-wheel drive state in which the driving force is transmitted only to the rear wheel 2 appears, and the clutch Ce is engaged by setting this shift member to the standard position E on the standard transmission gear 27 side with respect to the neutral position N. Thus, a standard four-wheel drive state for transmitting power to the front wheel 1 at a peripheral speed equal to the peripheral speed of the rear wheel 2 appears, and the shift member 30 is located on the high-speed transmission gear 29 side with respect to the neutral position N. The four-wheel drive state (front wheel) in which the front wheel 1 transmitting the power that is higher than the peripheral speed of the rear wheel 2 to the front wheel 1 is increased by setting the clutch Cf to the forward speed position F. Acceleration state) appears.
[0032]
The front wheel transmission A is provided with a hydraulic cylinder B that slides the shift member 30 via a shifter 32. The hydraulic cylinder B includes a cylinder tube 35 in which a small inner diameter portion and a large inner diameter portion are integrally formed, and a piston rod 36 having a piston 36P fitted inside the small inner diameter portion is penetrated in the axial direction. A ring-shaped movable piston 37 that is slidably fitted to the piston rod 36 and fitted inside the large inner diameter portion is provided, and ports are formed at both ends and the center of the cylinder tube 35. The shifter 32 is connected to the piston rod 36.
[0033]
Solenoid valves V are provided for the three oil passages for supplying hydraulic oil from the hydraulic pump P to the respective ports. By selecting and driving these solenoid valves V, the shift member 30 is set to the neutral position N, It is configured so that it can be set to any one of the standard position E and the acceleration position F. Specifically, by supplying pressure oil to the ports at both ends, the movable piston 37 comes into pressure contact with the piston portion 36P in contact with the stepped portion of the cylinder tube 35 as shown in FIG. The shift member 30 can be set to the neutral position N, and as shown in FIG. 5, the pressure oil is supplied only to the port at the center position, so that the piston portion 36P moves to the right end portion in the same figure. The member 30 can be set at the standard position E. As shown in FIG. 6, the supply of pressure oil to the right port causes the piston portion 36P to move to the left end portion in the same figure, thereby increasing the shift member 30. It can be installed at the fast position F.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 3, a control system is formed. In this control system, the control device 38 having a microprocessor is driven by the two-wheel drive of the rear wheel 2 and the four-wheel drive (standard) of the front and rear wheels. A signal from a mode switch 40 for selecting one of three modes of traveling and traveling in which the front wheel 1 is accelerated at the time of turning in the four-wheel driving state of the front and rear wheels, and the rear wheel in the two-wheel driving state A signal from the selection switch 39 as a selection mechanism for selecting a state in which the braking force is applied also to the front wheels 2 by operating the standard-side clutch Ce when the braking operation is performed on 1, a signal from the connection switch 13, From the signal from the brake switch 14, the signal from the vehicle speed sensor 41 that measures the traveling speed from the drive speed of the transmission system in the transmission case 6, and the shift lever sensor 42 that detects the set position of the shift lever 17. A signal system is formed so that a signal and a signal from the steering sensor 16 are input, and a signal system for the three electromagnetic valves V and the transmission motor 43 that forcibly operates the transmission lever 17 is formed. .
[0035]
And the control program of this control apparatus 38 is comprised like the flowchart of FIG. That is, when the four-wheel drive “four-wheel drive” mode is selected by the mode switch 40, the front wheel transmission A is set to the standard position E and maintained in the four-wheel drive state (# 101, # 102 steps). ). Further, when “acceleration” for increasing the speed of the front wheel 1 at the time of turning is selected by the mode switch 40, the front wheel transmission device A is set to the standard position E and the value detected by the shift lever sensor 42 is set. Only when the steering sensor 16 measures a steering angle exceeding a preset angle in a state where it is determined that the speed is less than a preset gear position ("low speed") based on the The front wheel 1 is accelerated by setting to the acceleration position F, and this acceleration state is maintained until the steering amount is restored by the steering sensor 16 (steps # 101, # 103 to # 107). . Note that the front wheel speed change means J is configured in step # 106.
[0036]
When the two-wheel drive “two-wheel drive” mode is selected with the mode switch 40, the front wheel transmission A is set to the neutral position N to set the two-wheel drive state, and the selection switch 39 is used for braking. Sometimes, when the state in which the braking force is applied to the front wheel 1 is selected, the connection switch 13 detects that the connection fitting 12 is in the connection state, and the steering angle measured by the steering sensor 16 is the set angle. Only when it is less, the control shifts to the control of the four-wheel braking routine (# 112 step), and these controls are continued until reset (# 101, # 108 to # 113). Step).
[0037]
As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8, the four-wheel braking routine sets the pressure increase parameter and the ON time parameter based on the measurement result of the vehicle speed sensor 41, and when the brake switch 14 reaches the ON state, By controlling the opening degree, the pressure of the hydraulic oil supplied to the hydraulic cylinder B is increased according to the pressure increase parameter, while the front wheel transmission A is operated toward the standard position E, and the transmission motor 43 is driven. The shift stage is operated in the one-speed reduction direction, and the set time set by the ON time parameter elapses with reference to the timing at which the engagement control of the standard-side clutch Ce of the front wheel transmission device A is started as described above. When this set time has elapsed, the solenoid valve V is controlled to operate the hydraulic cylinder B to the neutral position N, and the clutch C It has become a performs processing to turn off the (# a~f step). Specifically, the pressure increase parameter sets the pressure increase curve of the supplied hydraulic oil to a steep angle so that the time required to reach the maximum pressure is shortened as the traveling speed of the vehicle body 3 is high, and conversely the traveling speed is low. characteristic is set so as to smooth the boosted curve of the hydraulic oil supplied enough to reduction. The ON time parameter is set so that the higher the traveling speed of the vehicle body 3 is, the longer the time until the time is up and the braking force act for a long time. Note that a forcible control means K is configured to enter and operate the clutch C during the braking operation in step #c to set the front wheel 1 in a restrained state. In step #a, the boosting characteristic of the hydraulic cylinder B is determined based on the traveling speed of the vehicle body 3. Is configured, and a deceleration means M for reducing the traveling speed when the clutch C is engaged is configured by #d. In particular, in the present invention, when the rear wheel 2 is braked, when the braking force is also applied to the front wheel 1 by the front wheel transmission device A, the processing mode can be set so that the acceleration side clutch Cf is engaged and operated. is there.
[0038]
With this configuration, when the four-wheel drive “4WD” mode is selected by the mode switch 40, the front and rear wheels 1 and 2 are driven to enable work with a strong traction force. When “acceleration” for increasing the speed of the front wheel 1 at the time of turning by the mode switch 40 is selected, the front and rear wheels 1 and 2 are driven during straight running to enable work with strong traction force. When the front wheel 1 is steered to turn 3, the front wheel 1 is driven at an increased speed to enable turning with a small radius. In the state where the “drive” mode is selected and the state in which the braking force is applied to the front wheel 1 during braking is selected by the selection switch 39, the connecting bracket 12 is in the connected state and the steering measured by the steering sensor 16 is performed. Angle is set angle In the full state, only when the brake pedal 10 is used for braking, the standard-side clutch Ce is engaged and operated so that the braking force is applied smoothly to the front wheels 1, and the front wheels 1 and the rear wheels 2 are operated. These four wheels are strongly braked with a strong braking force in a braking state. Further, when the connecting bracket 12 is not in the connected state, the side brake 9 on the inner side of the turning is set to the braking state by blocking the clutch engagement operation of the front wheel transmission device A, and turning with a small radius is performed. The problem of transmitting power to the front wheel 1 is eliminated, and when the steering angle is large, the action of strong braking force is eliminated to avoid the phenomenon that the vehicle body 3 becomes unbalanced. When the braking force is applied to 1, the braking force is applied for a set time from the timing when the brake pedal 10 is depressed. speed enables good deceleration by setting long as is faster, better braking state without traveling speed is underdamped by performing a rapid boosting of the hydraulic cylinder B as it is faster It has become a thing to be out.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is an overall side view of an agricultural tractor. FIG. 2 is a plan view schematically showing a transmission system. FIG. 3 is a block circuit diagram of a control system. FIG. 4 is a cross section of a front wheel transmission and a hydraulic cylinder. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic cylinder in a state where the shifter is set to the standard position. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic cylinder in a state where the shifter is set to the acceleration position. Flowchart of four-wheel braking routine [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Front wheel 2 Rear wheel 3 Car body 39 Selection mechanism A Front wheel transmission C Clutch E Four-wheel drive position F Acceleration position N Neutral position J Front wheel transmission means K Forced control means L Adjustment means M Deceleration means

Claims (9)

前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度と等しい速度に設定する4輪駆動位置と、前車輪の周速度を後車輪の周速度より増速させる増速位置と、前車輪に対する動力を遮断する中立位置とに切換え自在な前輪変速装置を備えると共に、前車輪の操向操作と連動して前輪変速装置を4輪駆動位置から増速位置に切換える前輪変速手段を備えている作業車であって、
前記前輪変速装置が、前記増速位置、あるいは、4輪駆動位置で入り状態に達して前車輪に動力を伝達する摩擦式のクラッチを備えて構成され、この前輪変速装置が中立位置にある状態で後車輪を制動する操作が行われた際には、後車輪の制動操作に連係して前記クラッチを入り操作すると共に該クラッチの入り操作を設定時間だけ行うよう操作形態が設定されている強制制御手段を備えている作業車。
The four-wheel drive position that sets the peripheral speed of the front wheel equal to the peripheral speed of the rear wheel, the acceleration position that increases the peripheral speed of the front wheel from the peripheral speed of the rear wheel, and the power to the front wheel are shut off A work vehicle including a front wheel transmission that can be switched to a neutral position and a front wheel transmission that switches the front wheel transmission from a four-wheel drive position to an acceleration position in conjunction with a steering operation of the front wheels. ,
The front wheel transmission is configured to include a friction clutch that reaches the on-state at the acceleration position or the four-wheel drive position and transmits power to the front wheels, and the front wheel transmission is in a neutral position. When the operation of braking the rear wheel is performed, the operation mode is set so that the clutch is engaged and operated for a set time in conjunction with the rear wheel braking operation . Work vehicle equipped with control means.
前記設定時間が車体の走行速度が高速であるほど延長されるよう前記強制制御手段の操作形態が設定されている請求項1記載の作業車。2. The work vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the operation mode of the forcible control means is set so that the set time is extended as the traveling speed of the vehicle body increases. 前記強制制御手段が、車体の走行速度が予め設定された速度を超えている状態で、後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう構成されている請求項1または2記載の作業車。The forced control means, in a state in which the vehicle running speed exceeds the speed set in advance, according to claim 1, wherein is configured to allow incoming operation of the clutch which is linked to the braking operation of the rear wheel Work vehicle. 前記強制制御手段が、前記前車輪の操向角度が予め設定された角度以下にある状態で、後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう構成されている請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の作業車。The forced control means, the front in a state where the steering wheel angle is below a predetermined angle, according to claim 1 to 3 that is configured to allow incoming operation of the clutch which is linked to the braking operation of the rear wheel The work vehicle according to any one of the above. 前記クラッチを入り操作する油圧式のシリンダ機構を備えると共に、前記強制制御手段でクラッチを入り操作する際には、シリンダ機構に供給する作動油の昇圧特性の調節で衝撃を低減する調節手段を備えている請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の作業車。A hydraulic cylinder mechanism for engaging and disengaging the clutch, and an adjusting means for reducing impact by adjusting a boosting characteristic of hydraulic oil supplied to the cylinder mechanism when the clutch is engaged and operated by the forced control means. The work vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . 前記調節手段が、車体の走行速度に基づいて前記シリンダ機構に供給する作動油の昇圧特性を変更するよう処理形態が設定されている請求項5記載の作業車。The work vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a processing mode is set so that the adjusting means changes a boosting characteristic of hydraulic oil supplied to the cylinder mechanism based on a traveling speed of a vehicle body. 前記後車輪が左右一対備えられ、この左右の後車輪を独立して制動操作する一対のブレーキペダルを備え、この左右のブレーキペダルを一体作動させる連結部材を備えると共に、この連結部材が連結状態にあることを判別した際に前記クラッチの入り操作を許すよう前記強制制御手段が構成されている請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の作業車。A pair of left and right rear wheels are provided, a pair of brake pedals for independently braking the left and right rear wheels are provided, a connecting member for operating the left and right brake pedals is provided, and the connecting member is in a connected state. The work vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6 , wherein the forcible control means is configured to allow the clutch engagement operation when it is determined. 後車輪の制動操作に連係した前記クラッチの入り操作時に複数段の変速が行える変速機構の変速段を1段減速方向に作動させて走行速度を減ずる減速手段を備えている請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の作業車。8. The vehicle according to claim 1 , further comprising speed reducing means for reducing a traveling speed by operating a speed change stage of a speed change mechanism capable of performing a speed change of a plurality of speeds in a one-speed reduction direction when the clutch is engaged with a rear wheel braking operation. The work vehicle according to any one of claims. 前記強制制御手段によるクラッチの入り作動を許す状態と、阻止する状態との選択を行う選択機構を備えている請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の作業車。The work vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , further comprising a selection mechanism that performs selection between a state in which clutch engagement operation by the forcible control unit is permitted and a state in which the clutch is allowed to be blocked.
JP2000093323A 2000-03-30 2000-03-30 Work vehicle Expired - Lifetime JP3725004B2 (en)

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KR100514010B1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2005-09-13 하태환 all wheel drive device of an automobile
JP4847366B2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2011-12-28 三菱農機株式会社 Working vehicle
US8504249B2 (en) * 2007-06-01 2013-08-06 Deere & Company Automatic control of mechanical front wheel drive using speed ratio
KR102193745B1 (en) * 2014-02-20 2020-12-21 대동공업주식회사 Transmission of agriculture vehicle

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