JP3689546B2 - Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus - Google Patents
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、電子写真感光体としてはセレン、酸化亜鉛及びカドミウム等を主成分とする感光層を有する無機感光体が広く用いられてきた。これらはある程度の基礎特性は備えてはいるが、成膜が困難である、可塑性が悪い、及び製造コストが高い等の問題がある。更に、無機光導電性材料は一般的に毒性が強く、製造上及び取り扱い上にも大きな制約があった。
【０００３】
一方、有機光導電性化合物を主成分とする有機感光体は、無機感光体の上記欠点を補う等多くの利点を有し近年注目を集めており、これまで数多くの提案がされいくつか実用化されてきている。
【０００４】
このような有機感光体としては、ポリ−Ｎ−ビニルカルバゾールに代表される光導電性ポリマー等と、２，４，７−トリニトロ−９−フルオレノン等のルイス酸とから形成される電荷移動錯体を主成分とする電子写真感光体が提案されている。これらの有機光導電性ポリマーは、無機光導電性ポリマーに比べ軽量性や成膜性等の点では優れているが、感度、耐久性及び環境変化に対する安定性等の面で無機光導電性材料に比べて劣っており必ずしも満足できるものではない。
【０００５】
その後、電荷発生機能と電荷輸送機能とをそれぞれ別々の物質に分担させた機能分離型電子写真感光体が、従来の有機感光体の欠点とされていた感度や耐久性に著しい改善をもたらした。このような機能分離型感光体は、電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質の各々の材料選択範囲が広く、任意の特性を有する電子写真感光体を比較的容易に作成できるという利点を有している。
【０００６】
電荷発生物質としては、種々のアゾ顔料、多環キノン顔料、シアニン色素、スクエアリック酸染料及びピリリウム塩系色素等が知られている。その中でもアゾ顔料は耐光性が強い、電荷発生能力が大きい及び材料合成が容易である等の点から多くの化合物が提唱されている。
【０００７】
一方、電荷輸送物質としては、例えば特公昭５２−４１８８号公報のピラゾリン化合物、特公昭５５−４２３８０号公報及び特開昭５５−５２０６３号公報のヒドラゾン化合物、特公昭５８−３２３７２号公報及び特開平１−２８０７６３号公報及び特開平２−１７８６６８号公報のトリアリールアミン化合物、及び特開昭５４−１５１９５５号公報及び特開昭５８−１９８０４３号公報のスチルベン化合物等が知られている。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
これらの電荷輸送物質に要求される特性としては、（１）光や熱に対して安定であること、（２）コロナ放電により発生するオゾン、ＮＯｘ及び硝酸等に対して安定であること、（３）高い電荷輸送能力を有すること、（４）有機溶剤や結着剤との相溶性が高いこと、更には（５）製造が容易で安価であること等が挙げられる。
【０００９】
また、近年のデジタル化に対応した反転現像系では、一次帯電と転写帯電が逆極性であるため、転写の有無により帯電性が異なる、所謂転写メモリーが生じ、画像上濃度むらとして非常に現われ易くなっている。
【００１０】
本発明の目的は、常に良質な画像を安定して提供できる電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を提供することにある。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、支持体上に感光層を有する電子写真感光体において、
該感光層が、
下記式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物と、
【００１２】
【化３】
３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物と、
を含有し、
該３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物が、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １１、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ３３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ９３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ １、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ４２、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ ３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ ５、及び、
下記構造式で示される化合物
【００１３】
【化４】
【００１４】
また、本発明は、電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置である。
【００１５】
【発明の実施の形態】
式（１）において、Ｒ1、Ｒ2及びＲ3が示すアルキル基としてはメチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、ターシャリーブチル基、ヘキシル基等が挙げられ、アルコキシ基としてはメトキシ基、エトキシ基、プロポキシ基及びブトキシ基等が挙げられ、アリール基としてはフェニル基、ナフチル基及びアントリル基等が挙げられる。これらの基が有してもよい置換基としては上述のようなアルキル基、アルコキシ基及びアリール基の具体例、またフッ素原子、塩素原子及び臭素原子等のハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
【００１６】
以下に一般式（１）で示される化合物についてその代表例を挙げる。但し、本発明は、これらの化合物に限定されるものではない。
【００１７】
【表１】
【表２】
【表３】
【表４】
また、本発明においては式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物と３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物の混合比は、式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物が感光層中の全重量の５〜９５重量％であることが望ましく、特には１０〜９０重量％であることが望ましい。
【００２２】
また、３９５〜４４０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物が特に望ましい。
【００２３】
本発明の電子写真感光体の層構成としては例えば以下の形態があげられる。
（１）電荷発生物質を含有する層／電荷輸送物質を含有する層（下層／上層）
（２）電荷輸送物質を含有する層／電荷発生物質を含有する層（下層／上層）
（３）電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質を含有する層
【００２４】
本発明の式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物はいずれも正孔に対し高い輸送能力を有するため、上記形態の感光層における電荷輸送物質として用いることができる。感光層の形態が（１）の場合一次帯電の極性は負、（２）の場合は正であることが好ましく、（３）の場合は正負いずれでもよい。
【００２５】
更に、本発明の電子写真感光体は、耐久性や接着性の向上あるいは電荷注入の制御のために、感光層の表面に保護層を設けたり、感光層と支持体の間に下引層を設けてもよい。尚、本発明の感光体の構成は上記の基本構成に限定されるものではない。
【００２６】
本発明においては上記構成のうち特に（１）の形態が好ましく、以下に更に詳細に説明する。
【００２７】
本発明における支持体としては、導電性を有していればいずれのものでもよく、例えば以下のものを挙げることができる。
（１）アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ステンレス及び銅等の金属や合金を板形状またはドラム形状にしたもの。
（２）ガラス、樹脂及び紙等の非支持体や前記（１）の支持体上にアルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、パラジウム、ロジウム、金及び白金等の金属や合金を蒸着もしくはラミネートすることにより薄膜形成したもの。
（３）ガラス、樹脂及び紙等の非支持体や前記（１）の支持体上に導電性高分子、酸化スズ及び酸化インジウム等の導電性化合物を含有する層を蒸着あるいは塗布することにより形成したもの。
【００２８】
本発明に用いることのできる有効な電荷発生物質としては、例えば以下のような物質が挙げられる。これらの電荷発生物質は単独で用いてもよく、２種類以上組み合わせてもよい。
（１）モノアゾ、ビスアゾ及びトリスアゾ等のアゾ系顔料
（２）金属フタロシアニン及び非金属フタロシアニン等のフタロシアニン系顔料
（３）インジゴ及びチオインジゴ等のインジゴ系顔料
（４）ペリレン酸無水物及びペリレン酸イミド等のペリレン系顔料
（５）アンスラキノン及びピレンキノン等の多環キノン系顔料
（６）スクワリリウム色素
（７）ピリリウム塩及びチオピリリウム塩類
（８）トリフェニルメタン系色素
（９）セレン及び非晶質シリコン等の無機物質
【００２９】
電荷発生物質を含有する層、即ち電荷発生層は前記のような電荷発生物質を適当な結着樹脂に分散し、これを支持体上に塗工することにより形成することができる。また、支持体上に蒸着、スパッタあるいはＣＶＤなどの乾式法で薄膜を形成することによっても形成することができる。
【００３０】
上記結着樹脂としては広範囲な結着樹脂から選択でき、例えば、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂、ブチラール樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ジアリルフタレート樹脂、アクリル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、酢酸ビニル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体樹脂、アルキッド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、尿素樹脂及び塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらは単独、混合あるいは共重合体ポリマーとして１種または２種以上用いることができる。
【００３１】
電荷発生層中の樹脂の割合は、層の全重量に対して８０重量％以下であることが好ましく、特には４０重量％以下であることが好ましい。また、電荷発生層の膜厚は５μｍ以下であることが好ましく、特には０．０１〜２μｍであることが好ましい。
【００３２】
また、電荷発生層には種々の増感剤を添加してもよい。
【００３３】
電荷輸送物質を含有する層、即ち電荷輸送層は、少なくとも前記式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物及び３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物と適当な結着樹脂とを組み合わせて形成することができる。電荷輸送層に用いられる結着樹脂としては、前記電荷発生層に用いられる結着樹脂に加え、ポリビニルカルバゾールやポリビニルアントラセン等の光導電性高分子が挙げられる。
【００３４】
これらの結着樹脂と本発明の式（１）及び３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物との配合割合は、結着樹脂１００重量部当り式（１）及び３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物を１０〜５００重量部であることが好ましく、特に５０〜２００重量部であることが好ましい。
【００３５】
電荷輸送層は、上述の電荷発生層と電気的に接続されており、電界の存在下で電荷発生層発生した電荷キャリアを受け取るとともに、電荷キャリアを感光層の表面まで輸送できる機能を有している。この電荷輸送層は電荷キャリアを輸送できる限界があるので、必要以上に膜厚を厚くすることができないが、５〜４０μｍであることが好ましく、特には１０〜３０μｍであることが好ましい。
【００３６】
更に、電荷輸送層中に酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、可塑剤または公知の電荷輸送物質を必要に応じ添加することもできる。
【００３７】
尚、感光層が単層（上記形態（３））のときも上述の電荷発生物質、電荷輸送物質、結着樹脂及び添加剤を用いることができる。この際膜厚は５〜４０μｍであることが好ましく、特には１０〜３０μｍであることが好ましい。
【００３８】
上述した各種層を塗布により形成する際の塗布方法としては、浸漬コーティング法、スプレーコーティング法、スピンナーコーティング法、ローラーコーティング法、マイヤーバーコーティング法及びブレードコーティング法等のコーティング法が挙げられる。
【００３９】
図１に本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを有する電子写真装置の概略構成を示す。
【００４０】
図において、１はドラム状の本発明の電子写真感光体であり、軸２を中心に矢印方向に所定の周速度で回転駆動される。感光体１は、回転過程において、一次帯電手段３によりその周面に正または負の所定電位の均一帯電を受け、次いで、スリット露光やレーザービーム走査露光等の像露光手段（不図示）からの画像露光光４を受ける。こうして感光体１の周面に静電潜像が順次形成されていく。
【００４１】
形成された静電潜像は、次いで現像手段５によりトナー現像され、現像されたトナー像は、不図示の給紙部から感光体１と転写手段６との間に感光体１の回転と同期取り出されて給紙された転写材７に、転写手段６により順次転写されていく。
【００４２】
像転写を受けた転写材７は、感光体面から分離されて像定着手段８へ導入されて像定着を受けることにより複写物（コピー）として装置外へプリントアウトされる。
【００４３】
像転写後の感光体１の表面は、クリーニング手段９によって転写残りトナーの除去を受けて清浄面化され、更に前露光手段（不図示）からの前露光光１０により除電処理された後、繰り返し画像形成に使用される。なお、一次帯電手段３が帯電ローラー等を用いた接触帯電手段である場合は、前露光は必ずしも必要ではない。
【００４４】
本発明においては、上述の電子写真感光体１、一次帯電手段３、現像手段５及びクリーニング手段９等の構成要素のうち、複数のものをプロセスカートリッジとして一体に結合して構成し、このプロセスカートリッジを複写機やレーザービームプリンター等の電子写真装置本体に対して着脱可能に構成してもよい。例えば、一次帯電手段３、現像手段５及びクリーニング手段９の少なくとも１つを感光体１と共に一体に支持してカートリッジ化して、装置本体のレール１２等の案内手段を用いて装置本体に着脱可能なプロセスカートリッジ１１とすることができる。
【００４５】
また、画像露光光４は、電子写真装置が複写機やプリンターである場合には、原稿からの反射光や透過光、あるいは、センサーで原稿を読取り、信号化し、この信号に従って行われるレーザービームの走査、ＬＥＤアレイの駆動及び液晶シャッターアレイの駆動等により照射される光である。
【００４６】
本発明の電子写真感光体は電子写真複写機に利用するのみならず、レーザービームプリンター、ＣＲＴプリンター、ＬＥＤプリンター、液晶プリンター及びレーザー製版等電子写真応用分野にも広く用いることができる。
【００４７】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に従って説明する。
【００４８】
（実施例１）
下記式で示されるビスアゾ顔料４．２ｇをブチラール樹脂（ブチラール化度７２ｍｏｌ％）２ｇをシクロヘキサノン１００ｍｌに溶解した液と共にサンドミルで２２時間分散して、塗工液を調製した。
【００４９】
【化５】
この塗工液をアルミシート上に、乾燥後の膜厚が０．２５μｍとなるようにマイヤーバーで塗布し、電荷発生層を作製した。
【００５１】
次に、電荷輸送物質として、前記例示化合物Ｎｏ．１ ９．０ｇとＣ．Ｉ．Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １１（λｍａｘ ３９５ｎｍ）１．０ｇとポリカーボネート樹脂（重量平均分子量２５，０００）１０ｇとをモノクロルベンゼン７０ｇに溶解し、この液を先の電荷発生層の上にマイヤーバーで塗布し、乾燥膜厚が２０μｍの電荷輸送層を設け、２層の電子写真感光体を作製した。
【００５２】
次に、この感光体を光源としてガリウム／アルミニウム／ヒ素の３元系半導体レーザーを備えた反転現像方式の電子写真方式のプリンターであるレーザービームプリンター（キヤノン（株）製ＬＢＰ−ＳＸの改造機）に上記電子写真感光体を取り付けて、転写電流オフ時の一次帯電電圧をＶα1、転写電流オン時の一次帯電電圧をＶα2として、所謂転写メモリー（Ｖα1−Ｖα2）を測定した。条件は次の通りである。一次帯電後の表面電位：−６８０Ｖ、像露光後の表面電位：−１５０Ｖ（露光量１．２μＪ／ｃｍ2）、転写電位：＋７００Ｖ、現像極性：負極性、プロセススピード：４５ｍｍ／ｓｅｃ、現像条件（現像バイアス）：−４５０Ｖ、像露光後スキャン方式：イメージスキャン、一次帯電前露光：９．０ ｌｕｘ・ｓｅｃの赤色全面露光、画像形成はレーザービームを文字信号及び画像信号に従ってラインスキャンした。
【００５３】
（実施例２〜１１及び比較例１〜５）
前記例示化合物Ｎｏ．１とＣ．Ｉ．Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １１の代わりに、下記の表１に示した他は実施例１と同様にして電子写真感光体を作成しそれぞれについて実施例１と同様の測定をした。その結果を表２に示す。
【００５４】
【表５】
【表６】
【表７】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によれば、近年問題になっている所謂転写メモリーも良好で、常に良質な画像を安定して提供できる電子写真感光体、及び該電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジ及び電子写真装置を可能にした。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の電子写真感光体を有するプロセスカートリッジを有する電子写真装置の概略構成の例を示す図である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as an electrophotographic photoreceptor, an inorganic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer mainly composed of selenium, zinc oxide, cadmium and the like has been widely used. Although these have some basic characteristics, there are problems such as difficulty in film formation, poor plasticity, and high manufacturing costs. In addition, inorganic photoconductive materials are generally highly toxic and have significant limitations in manufacturing and handling.
[0003]
On the other hand, organic photoconductors composed mainly of organic photoconductive compounds have attracted attention in recent years and have many advantages such as compensating for the above-mentioned drawbacks of inorganic photoconductors. Has been.
[0004]
Examples of such an organic photoreceptor include a charge transfer complex formed from a photoconductive polymer represented by poly-N-vinylcarbazole and a Lewis acid such as 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone. An electrophotographic photoreceptor having a main component has been proposed. These organic photoconductive polymers are superior to inorganic photoconductive polymers in terms of lightness and film-forming properties, but they are inorganic photoconductive materials in terms of sensitivity, durability, and stability against environmental changes. It is inferior to and is not always satisfactory.
[0005]
Thereafter, the function-separated electrophotographic photosensitive member in which the charge generation function and the charge transport function are assigned to different substances has brought about significant improvements in sensitivity and durability, which have been regarded as a disadvantage of conventional organic photosensitive members. Such a function-separated type photoconductor has an advantage that a material selection range of each of the charge generation material and the charge transport material is wide, and an electrophotographic photoconductor having arbitrary characteristics can be produced relatively easily.
[0006]
Known charge generating materials include various azo pigments, polycyclic quinone pigments, cyanine dyes, squaric acid dyes, pyrylium salt dyes, and the like. Among them, many compounds have been proposed because azo pigments have high light resistance, large charge generation ability, and easy material synthesis.
[0007]
On the other hand, examples of the charge transporting material include pyrazoline compounds disclosed in JP-B-52-4188, hydrazone compounds disclosed in JP-B-55-42380 and JP-A-55-52063, JP-B-58-32372, and JP-A-Hei. A triarylamine compound disclosed in JP-A No. 1-280763 and JP-A-2-178668, and a stilbene compound disclosed in JP-A Nos. 54-151955 and 58-198043 are known.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The characteristics required for these charge transport materials include (1) stability to light and heat, (2) stability to ozone, NOx, nitric acid, etc. generated by corona discharge. 3) High charge transport ability, (4) High compatibility with organic solvents and binders, and (5) Easy and inexpensive production .
[0009]
Also, in recent reversal development system corresponding to digitize, for transfer charging the primary charging are opposite polarity charging property are different according to the presence or absence of the transfer, resulting so-called transfer memory, very appear as an image on the density unevenness It is easy .
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member that can always stably provide a high-quality image, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer on a support.
The photosensitive layer is
A biphenyl compound represented by the following formula (1);
[0012]
[Chemical Formula 3]
A compound having a maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm;
Containing
The compound having the maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm is
C. I. Solvent Yellow 11,
C. I. Solvent Yellow 33,
C. I. Solvent Yellow 93,
C. I. Solvent Orange 1 ,
C. I. Disperse Yellow 3,
C. I. Disperse Yellow 42,
C. I. Disperse Orange 3,
C. I. Disperse Orange 5 and,,
A compound represented by the following structural formula:
[Formula 4]
[0014]
Also, the present invention is a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the formula (1), examples of the alkyl group represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a tertiary butyl group, and a hexyl group. Includes a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group, and examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthryl group. Examples of the substituent which these groups may have include specific examples of the alkyl group, alkoxy group and aryl group as described above, and halogen atoms such as a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom and a bromine atom.
[0016]
Typical examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) are given below. However, the present invention is not limited to these compounds.
[0017]
[Table 1]
[Table 2]
[Table 3]
[Table 4]
In the present invention, the mixing ratio of the biphenyl compound represented by formula (1) and the compound having the maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm is 5 to 5% of the total weight of the biphenyl compound represented by formula (1) in the photosensitive layer. The amount is desirably 95% by weight, and particularly desirably 10 to 90% by weight .
[0022]
Also, compound having a maximum absorption wavelength in 395~440nm is particularly desirable.
[0023]
Examples of the layer structure of the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention include the following forms.
(1) Layer containing charge generation material / Layer containing charge transport material (lower layer / upper layer)
(2) Layer containing charge transport material / Layer containing charge generation material (lower layer / upper layer)
(3) Layer containing charge generation material and charge transport material
Since all of the biphenyl compounds represented by the formula (1) of the present invention have a high transport ability with respect to holes, they can be used as a charge transport material in the photosensitive layer having the above-described form. The primary charge polarity is preferably negative when the photosensitive layer is in the form (1), positive in the case (2), and positive or negative in the case (3).
[0025]
Furthermore, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention is provided with a protective layer on the surface of the photosensitive layer or an undercoat layer between the photosensitive layer and the support for the purpose of improving durability and adhesion or controlling charge injection. It may be provided. The configuration of the photoreceptor of the present invention is not limited to the basic configuration described above.
[0026]
In the present invention, the form (1) is particularly preferable among the above-mentioned configurations, and will be described in detail below.
[0027]
The support in the present invention may be any support as long as it has conductivity, and examples thereof include the following.
(1) A metal or alloy such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, stainless steel or copper, which has a plate shape or drum shape.
(2) A thin film was formed by evaporating or laminating a metal or alloy such as aluminum, aluminum alloy, palladium, rhodium, gold, or platinum on a non-support such as glass, resin, paper, or the support described in (1). thing.
(3) Formed by depositing or applying a layer containing a conductive compound such as a conductive polymer, tin oxide and indium oxide on a non-support such as glass, resin and paper or on the support described in (1). What you did.
[0028]
Examples of effective charge generating substances that can be used in the present invention include the following substances. These charge generation materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
(1) Azo pigments such as monoazo, bisazo and trisazo (2) Phthalocyanine pigments such as metal phthalocyanine and non-metal phthalocyanine (3) Indigo pigments such as indigo and thioindigo (4) Perylene anhydride and perylene imide Perylene pigments (5) polycyclic quinone pigments such as anthraquinone and pyrenequinone (6) squarylium dyes (7) pyrylium salts and thiopyrylium salts (8) triphenylmethane dyes (9) selenium and amorphous silicon Inorganic material 【0029】
The layer containing the charge generation material, that is, the charge generation layer can be formed by dispersing the charge generation material as described above in a suitable binder resin and coating it on a support. It can also be formed by forming a thin film on a support by a dry method such as vapor deposition, sputtering or CVD.
[0030]
The binder resin can be selected from a wide range of binder resins, such as polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, polyarylate resin, butyral resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetal resin, diallyl phthalate resin, acrylic resin, methacrylic resin, vinyl acetate resin. , Phenol resin, silicone resin, polysulfone resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, etc., but are not limited thereto. . These may be used alone, as a mixture or as a copolymer polymer, or one or more of them may be used.
[0031]
The ratio of the resin in the charge generation layer is preferably 80% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 40% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the layer. The thickness of the charge generation layer is preferably 5 μm or less, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 2 μm.
[0032]
Various sensitizers may be added to the charge generation layer.
[0033]
The layer containing the charge transport material, that is, the charge transport layer may be formed by combining at least the biphenyl compound represented by the formula (1) and the compound having the maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm with an appropriate binder resin. it can. Examples of the binder resin used for the charge transport layer include photoconductive polymers such as polyvinyl carbazole and polyvinyl anthracene in addition to the binder resin used for the charge generation layer.
[0034]
The compounding ratio of these binder resins to the formula (1) of the present invention and the compound having the maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm is such that the maximum absorption wavelength at 100 parts by weight of the binder resin is the formula (1) and 380 to 480 nm. It is preferable that it is 10-500 weight part, and it is especially preferable that it is 50-200 weight part.
[0035]
The charge transport layer is electrically connected to the above-described charge generation layer and has a function of receiving charge carriers generated in the charge generation layer in the presence of an electric field and transporting the charge carriers to the surface of the photosensitive layer. Yes. Since this charge transport layer has a limit capable of transporting charge carriers, the film thickness cannot be increased more than necessary, but it is preferably 5 to 40 μm, and more preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0036]
Furthermore, an antioxidant, an ultraviolet absorber, a plasticizer, or a known charge transport material can be added to the charge transport layer as necessary.
[0037]
Even when the photosensitive layer is a single layer (form (3) above), the above-mentioned charge generating substance, charge transporting substance, binder resin and additive can be used. In this case, the film thickness is preferably 5 to 40 μm, particularly preferably 10 to 30 μm.
[0038]
Examples of the coating method for forming the various layers described above by coating include dip coating methods, spray coating methods, spinner coating methods, roller coating methods, Mayer bar coating methods, and blade coating methods.
[0039]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
[0040]
In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is rotated about a shaft 2 in the direction of an arrow at a predetermined peripheral speed. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member 1 is uniformly charged at a predetermined positive or negative potential on its peripheral surface by the
[0041]
The formed electrostatic latent image is then developed with toner by the developing
[0042]
The transfer material 7 that has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photosensitive member, introduced into the image fixing means 8, and subjected to image fixing, thereby being printed out as a copy (copy).
[0043]
After the image transfer, the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is cleaned by removing the transfer residual toner by the cleaning unit 9 and further subjected to charge removal processing by the pre-exposure light 10 from the pre-exposure unit (not shown), and then repeatedly. Used for image formation. When the
[0044]
In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1, the
[0045]
Further, when the electrophotographic apparatus is a copying machine or a printer, the image exposure light 4 is a reflected light or transmitted light from a document, or a signal is read out from a document by a sensor, and a laser beam performed according to this signal. Light emitted by scanning, LED array driving, liquid crystal shutter array driving, and the like.
[0046]
The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can be used not only in electrophotographic copying machines but also widely in electrophotographic application fields such as laser beam printers, CRT printers, LED printers, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making.
[0047]
【Example】
Hereinafter, it demonstrates according to an Example.
[0048]
(Example 1)
A coating solution was prepared by dispersing 4.2 g of a bisazo pigment represented by the following formula with a solution obtained by dissolving 2 g of butyral resin (butyralization degree: 72 mol%) in 100 ml of cyclohexanone in a sand mill for 22 hours.
[0049]
[Chemical formula 5 ]
This coating solution was applied on an aluminum sheet with a Meyer bar so that the film thickness after drying was 0.25 μm, thereby preparing a charge generation layer.
[0051]
Next, as the charge transport material, the exemplified compound No. 1 is used. 1 9.0 g and C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 11 (λmax 395 nm) 1.0 g and polycarbonate resin (weight average molecular weight 25,000) 10 g were dissolved in 70 g of monochlorobenzene, and this solution was applied onto the above charge generation layer with a Meyer bar and dried. A charge transport layer having a thickness of 20 μm was provided to prepare a two-layer electrophotographic photosensitive member .
[0052]
In the following, the printer is a laser beam printer of the electrophotographic type of reversal development system having a ternary semiconductor laser of gallium / aluminum / arsenic this photoreceptor as the light source (manufactured by Canon Inc. LBP-SX modified machine) The above-mentioned electrophotographic photosensitive member was attached, and a so-called transfer memory (Vα 1 −Vα 2 ) was measured, where Vα 1 was the primary charging voltage when the transfer current was off, and Vα 2 was the primary charging voltage when the transfer current was on. The conditions are as follows. Surface potential after primary charging: −680 V, surface potential after image exposure: −150 V (exposure amount: 1.2 μJ / cm 2 ), transfer potential: +700 V, development polarity: negative polarity, process speed: 45 mm / sec, development conditions (Development bias): -450 V, scan system after image exposure: image scan, pre-primary charge pre-exposure: 9.0 lux.sec red entire surface exposure, image formation was performed by line scanning the laser beam according to the character signal and the image signal.
[0053]
(Examples 2 to 11 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5)
In the exemplified compound No. 1 and C.I. I. Instead of Solvent Yellow 11, electrophotographic photoreceptors were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that they were shown in Table 1 below, and the same measurements as in Example 1 were performed for each. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0054]
[Table 5]
[Table 6]
[Table 7]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a better so-called transfer memory has become in recent years a problem, always electrophotographic photoreceptor can provide a high-quality image stably, and a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member And enabled an electrophotographic apparatus .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an electrophotographic apparatus having a process cartridge having an electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
Claims (4)
該感光層が、
下記式（１）で示されるビフェニル化合物と、
３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物と、
を含有し、
該３８０〜４８０ｎｍに最大吸収波長を有する化合物が、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １１、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ３３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ９３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｓｏｌｖｅｎｔ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ １、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｙｅｌｌｏｗ ４２、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ ３、
Ｃ．Ｉ． Ｄｉｓｐｅｒｓｅ Ｏｒａｎｇｅ ５、及び、
下記構造式で示される化合物
The photosensitive layer is
A biphenyl compound represented by the following formula (1);
A compound having a maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm;
Containing
The compound having the maximum absorption wavelength at 380 to 480 nm is
C. I. Solvent Yellow 11,
C. I. Solvent Yellow 33,
C. I. Solvent Yellow 93,
C. I. Solvent Orange 1 ,
C. I. Disperse Yellow 3,
C. I. Disperse Yellow 42,
C. I. Disperse Orange 3,
C. I. Disperse Orange 5 and,,
Compound represented by the following structural formula
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| JP35763197A JP3689546B2 (en) | 1997-12-25 | 1997-12-25 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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| JP35763197A JP3689546B2 (en) | 1997-12-25 | 1997-12-25 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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| JP3689546B2 true JP3689546B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
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| JP4164317B2 (en) | 2002-08-28 | 2008-10-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | Organic light emitting device |
| CN102026957B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2014-01-29 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | Triarylamine derivative, light-emitting device, and electronic device |
| CN101959844B (en) | 2008-07-18 | 2015-08-26 | 富士电机株式会社 | New ethylene compounds, the charge transport material comprising it, the electrophotographic photoconductor comprising it and manufacture method thereof |
| JP5233687B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2013-07-10 | 株式会社リコー | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and image forming apparatus using the same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPS6330851A (en) * | 1986-07-24 | 1988-02-09 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| JPS63129351A (en) * | 1986-11-20 | 1988-06-01 | Canon Inc | Toner for color electrophotography |
| JP2646357B2 (en) * | 1987-05-26 | 1997-08-27 | キヤノン株式会社 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JP2753582B2 (en) * | 1987-10-20 | 1998-05-20 | 株式会社リコー | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH02190862A (en) * | 1989-01-20 | 1990-07-26 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic sensitive body |
| JPH02269165A (en) * | 1989-04-10 | 1990-11-02 | Nippon Kayaku Co Ltd | Ink composition and transfer printing |
| JPH03140285A (en) * | 1989-10-26 | 1991-06-14 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Transfer printing method |
| US5089148A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1992-02-18 | Lever Brothers Company, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Liquid fabric conditioner containing fabric softener and peach colorant |
| JPH05134434A (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1993-05-28 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Electrophotographic sensitivity body |
| JP3155867B2 (en) * | 1992-07-22 | 2001-04-16 | キヤノン株式会社 | Injection recording method |
| JPH0792701A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-04-07 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the photoreceptor and electrophotography device |
| JP3277472B2 (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 2002-04-22 | 株式会社リコー | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH07138509A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-05-30 | Canon Inc | Recording medium and method of jet recording using the recording medium |
| JPH07244419A (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 1995-09-19 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic method |
| JPH07261434A (en) * | 1994-03-16 | 1995-10-13 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH08321646A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1996-12-03 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Optical sensor, information recording device and regeneration of information record |
| JP3525238B2 (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 2004-05-10 | 株式会社リコー | Electrophotographic photoreceptor |
| JPH09218546A (en) * | 1996-02-08 | 1997-08-19 | Minolta Co Ltd | Image forming device |
| JPH09297423A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-18 | Canon Inc | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor and electrophotographic device |
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1997
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