JP3614456B2 - Electrophotographic photoreceptor - Google Patents

Electrophotographic photoreceptor Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3614456B2
JP3614456B2 JP35429693A JP35429693A JP3614456B2 JP 3614456 B2 JP3614456 B2 JP 3614456B2 JP 35429693 A JP35429693 A JP 35429693A JP 35429693 A JP35429693 A JP 35429693A JP 3614456 B2 JP3614456 B2 JP 3614456B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
group
substituted
unsubstituted
atom
hydrogen atom
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP35429693A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH07199490A (en
Inventor
鋭司 栗本
孝彰 池上
節 六反園
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ricoh Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ricoh Co Ltd filed Critical Ricoh Co Ltd
Priority to JP35429693A priority Critical patent/JP3614456B2/en
Priority to US08/323,347 priority patent/US5578405A/en
Publication of JPH07199490A publication Critical patent/JPH07199490A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3614456B2 publication Critical patent/JP3614456B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は電子写真感光体に関し、更に詳しくは、電子写真複写機やプリンター等に有用な単層型の有機電子写真感光体に関する。
【0002】
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来、電子写真感光体に用いる光導電素材としては、セレン、酸化亜鉛、硫化カドミウム等の無機光導電材料、アゾ顔料等の有機光導電材料、非晶質シリコン等が一般的に知られている。しかし、無機光導電材料は、光感度、熱安定性、耐久性、毒性等の問題があり、例えば、セレンは、熱、汚れ等によって結晶化しやすく特性が劣化しやすいという欠点を有する。この無機光導電材料を用いた電子写真感光体に対し、有機光導電材料は、成膜性に優れ製造が容易であり、設計の自由度が高く、より安価で無公害である等の利点を有するため、近年では、有機光導電材料を用いた電子写真感光体の開発が盛んに行われている。有機光導電材料を用いた電子写真感光体としては、電荷発生層と電荷輸送層とを積層した機能分離型の感光体と、樹脂バインダー中に電荷発生物質を分散させた単層型の感光体が挙げられ、中でも、積層型の感光体がより高感度であるという点から多く実用化されている。
【0003】
例えば、特公昭55−42380号公報にはクロルダイアンブルーとヒドラゾン化合物を組み合わせた積層型感光体が記載され、積層型感光体に用いる電荷発生物質としては特開昭53−133445号公報、特開昭54−21728号公報、特開昭54−22834号公報等に記載され、また電荷輸送物質としては特開昭58−198043号公報、特開昭58−199352号公報等に記載されている。
【0004】
しかしながら、積層型の感光体の電荷輸送層に含有される電荷輸送物質は高感度化のために電荷移動度の高いものが要求されるが、電荷移動度の高い電荷輸送物質は殆どが正孔輸送性のものであるため、実用化されている感光体は負帯電型のものに限られる。
このような負帯電型の感光体では、使用時に負極性コロナ放電を利用するものが殆どであるため、オゾンの発生量が多く、人体に有害であるばかりでなく、感光体と反応することで感光体そのものの寿命も短くしている。
これを防止するため、オゾンを発生しにくい帯電システムや生成オゾンを分解するシステム、装置内のオゾンを排気するシステム等、特別なシステムが提案・実用化されているが、プロセスやシステムを複雑化するなどの欠点がある。
【0005】
一方、単層型の感光体は、一般に正帯電型の感光体として知られており、例えば、特公昭50−10496号公報記載のポリビニルカルバゾールと2,4,7−トリニトロ−9−フルオレノンを含有した感光体、特公昭48−25658号公報記載のポリビニルカルバゾールをピリリウム塩系色素で増感した感光体、または、共晶錯体を主成分とする感光体、特開昭47−30330号公報記載の電荷発生物質と電荷輸送物質からなる感光体、特開昭63−271461号公報、特開平1−118143号公報、特開平3−65961号公報記載のペリレン顔料と電荷輸送物質からなる感光体、特開平3−65961号公報記載のフタロシアニン化合物と結着樹脂からなる感光体などが提案されている。
しかしながら、これらの単層型の感光体においては、特に感度の面で不充分なものであり、積層型の感光体に比べて見劣りするものであった。
【0006】
また、近年、複写機の複合化、高機能化に伴い、アナログ、デジタル機能を持ち合わせる複写機に対応する感光体の開発が行われている。
この場合、感光体に要求される特性は、デジタル機能に対応するには、LDレーザー光源の波長、つまり近赤外領域に高感度を有し、アナログ機能に対応するには白色光源の波長、つまり可視域に高感度を有することが望まれる。
【0007】
このような感光体としては、特開昭63−236047号公報、、特開昭63−243950号公報、特開昭63−243951号公報、特開平1−315752号公報記載の可視域に感度を有する顔料と近赤外域に感度を有する顔料を混合し可視域から近赤外域に亘って広い分光感度を有する積層体感光体が提案されている。
しかし、これら積層型の場合、前述のようなオゾン発生の問題に加え、上層にくる電荷輸送物質が光を吸収するため、特に短波長域での光感度が劣化する等の欠点を有しており、可視域から近赤外域に亘って広い分光感度を有するには、必ずしも十分ではなく、また電荷発生層と電荷輸送層の界面が存在するため緩衝工が発生しやすいという光学上の問題があった。
また、積層型の感光体にあっては、一般に高感度化のため電荷発生層を0.1〜1.0μmと膜厚を薄くする必要があり、導電性基体表面の状態や塗工時の雰囲気、環境の影響を受けやすく、更に、感光層を二度乃至三度以上塗工する必要があるため、歩留まり、製造コスト等に大きな影響を及ぼしている。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明はこうした実情に鑑みてなされたものであって、特に高感度を有し更にまた繰り返し使用時の安定性の優れた単層型の電子写真感光体を提供することをその目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討した結果、導電性支持体上にジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料を同時に粉砕混合した混合物と有機正孔移動物質、有機アクセプター性化合物及び結着樹脂を含有してなる単一の光導電層を設けた電子写真用感光体が上記目的に適合することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0010】
即ち、本発明によれば、導電性支持体上に、特定の少なくとも1種のジスアゾ顔料と少なくとも1種のトリスアゾ顔料との同時粉砕混合物、有機正孔移動物質、有機アクセプター性化合物、及び結着樹脂を含有する単一の層からなる光導電層を有する電子写真感光体おいて、該有機アクセプター性化合物の還元電位の値が、−0.2〜−1.2V vs. SCE(飽和カルメロ電極)であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体が提供される。
【0011】
本発明の電子写真用感光体は、単一の光導電層中に、可視光に対して感度を有するジスアゾ顔料と700nm以上の波長を有するいわゆる近赤外光に感度を有するトリスアゾ顔料との同時混合粉砕物を含有させるという構成にしたことから、個々の顔料を単独に用いて設計した場合よりも可視光から近赤外光の広範囲の光に対して高い感度を示す。この増感効果は後述の実施例により明確になるが、ジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料とを同時に機械的エネルギーを加えることで混合粉砕することによって、それぞれの顔料単独の場合より感度が著しく増感されることによるものであり、従来から提案のあった顔料の組合せの混合効果とは異なるものである。
【0012】
本発明に使用されるジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料の混合比は、混合する顔料の種類によって感光体の必要とする特性(感度、帯電特性、耐ガス性)を考慮して、その最適値を個々に選択することができるが、一般的には重量比で
0.01≦ジスアゾ顔料/(ジスアゾ顔料+トリスアゾ顔料)≦0.99
の範囲とするのが良い。0.01より低いと感度の増感効果が少なく、0.99より大きいと増感効果と耐ガス性の向上が少なくなる。更に、可視光波長域から近赤外光波長域までの分光感度の均一性を考慮すると、
0.1≦ジスアゾ顔料/(ジスアゾ顔料+トリスアゾ顔料)≦0.9
の範囲が望ましい。
【0013】
ジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料の混合方法としては、ボールミル、振動ミル、円板振動ミル、アトライター、サンドミル、ペイントシェーカー、ジェットミル、超音波分散法等、顔料に圧縮、剪断、摩砕、摩擦、延伸、衝撃、振動等の機械的エネルギーを与える粉砕混合手段であれば、なんでも使用できる。また、ジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料の所望量を同一容器内に容れ、後述する分散溶媒の存在下に同時に上記機械的エネルギーを与え混合粉砕し、分散を行なうのが好ましい。
【0014】
本発明の電子写真用感光体においては、前記のように、電荷発生材料として、ジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料との混合物が使用されるが、特に可視光域(400〜700nm)の光照射による電荷発生能力が高い下記一般式化1で表わされるジスアゾ顔料と、特に波長700nm以上の光に感度を有する下記一般式化2で表わされるトリスアゾ顔料との同時粉砕混合物を用いる。
【0015】
【化1】

Figure 0003614456
【化2】
Figure 0003614456
{但し、上記化1及び化2中、Ar、Ar及びArは、下記一般式化3〜化10で表されるカプラー残基を表し、各々同一でも異なってもよい。また、R及びRは水素原子、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表わし、Rは、水素原子、塩素原子、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、−NO又は−CNを示す。)
【化3】
Figure 0003614456
〔式中、X、Y及びZはそれぞれ以下のものを表す。
:−OH、−N(R)(R)、又は−NHSO−R(但し、RおよびRは水素原子、アシル基、又は置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基を表し、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を表す。)
:水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、スルホン基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換のスルファモイル基、又は−CON(R)(Y)を表す。(但し、Rは水素原子、アルキル基もしくはその置換体、又はフェニル基もしくはその置換体を表し、Yは炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体、又は、−N=C(R)(R)《但し、Rは炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体、又は、スチリル基もしくはその置換体、Rは水素原子、アルキル基もしくはその置換体、又は、フェニル基もしくはその置換体を表すか、あるいはR及びRはそれらに結合する炭素原子と共に環を形成しても良い。》を表す。)
Z:炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体を表す。〕
【0016】
【化4】
Figure 0003614456
〔式中、R10、R11、Yおよびnはそれぞれ以下のものを表す。
n:1〜4の整数、
10:水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、
11:水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキルスルホニル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキルメルカプト基、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のアシル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及び置換もしくは無置換のアミノ基を表し、nが2〜4の整数の場合はR11は同一又は異なったもののいずれでも良い。
:前記化3と同一のものを表す。〕
【化5】
Figure 0003614456
【化6】
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化5及び化6中、R12は置換もしくは無置換の炭化水素基を表す。〕
【0017】
【化7】
Figure 0003614456
【化8】
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化7及び化8中、R13は、アルキル基、カルバモイル基、カルボキシ基、或いはそのエステルを表し、Arは置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。〕
【化9】
Figure 0003614456
【化10】
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化9及び化10中、Xは芳香族炭化水素の2価基、又は複素環の2価基を表す。〕}
【0018】
次に、本発明の電子写真感光体において使用される前記したジスアゾ顔料及びトリスアゾ顔料のカップラーの具体例、即ちAr−H、Ar−H及びAr−Hの具体例を以下の表1〜表16において示す。
【0019】
【表1−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0020】
【表1−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0021】
【表1−(3)】
Figure 0003614456
【0022】
【表2−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0023】
【表2−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0024】
【表3−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0025】
【表3−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0026】
【表4】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0027】
【表5】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0028】
【表6】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0029】
【表7】
Figure 0003614456
【0030】
【表8】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0031】
【表9】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0032】
【表10】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0033】
【表11】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0034】
【表12−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
【0035】
【表12−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0036】
【表12−(3)】
Figure 0003614456
【0037】
【表13−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0038】
【表13−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0039】
【表13−(3)】
Figure 0003614456
【0040】
【表14−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
【0041】
【表14−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0042】
【表15】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0043】
【表16】
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
【0044】
以上述べたようなアゾ顔料中、ジスアゾ顔料の中では、特に下記式化12及び式化13で表わされる化合物が好ましい。これらの化合物は、可視域の感度が高く、トリスアゾ顔料との組合せで同時粉砕混合した場合、顔料分散塗工液の安定性が良好で、良好な塗膜形成が可能で、かつ大幅な増感効果が期待できる。
【0045】
【化12】
Figure 0003614456
【化13】
Figure 0003614456
【0046】
また、トリスアゾ顔料としては、下記一般式化11で表わされる化合物が好ましいく、特に化26及び化27が好ましい。と言うのは、一般式化11で表わされるトリスアゾ化合物は、特に近赤外域(700nm以上)の光照射による電荷発生能が高い材料であり、ジスアゾ顔料との同時粉砕混合によって可視域から近赤外域まで広範囲に高い感光特性を有する感光体を作成することが可能になるし、また特に式化26及び化27で表わされるトリスアゾ化合物は、特に850nm付近までの巾広い感光波長域を有しており、ジスアゾ顔料との混合によって、LD光(780〜850nm)に対して高い感度を有する感光体を作成することが可能になるためである。
【0047】
【化11】
Figure 0003614456
(但し、式中R〜Rは、水素原子、−CH、−C、−C、塩素原子、弗素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、CHO−、CO−、CO−、−NO、−CN、−CF又は−OHをそれぞれ示す。)
【0048】
【化26】
Figure 0003614456
【0049】
【化27】
Figure 0003614456
【0050】
本発明に使用される有機正孔移動物質としては、公知のものが何れも使用できる。その具体例としては、例えば次の一般式化28で表わされる基本構造を有する表17に示される化合物が挙げられる(特開平1−302260号公報参照)。
【0051】
【化28】
Figure 0003614456
【0052】
【表17−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
【0053】
【表17−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0054】
【表17−(3)】
Figure 0003614456
【0055】
【表17−(4)】
Figure 0003614456
【0056】
【表17−(5)】
Figure 0003614456
【0057】
【表17−(6)】
Figure 0003614456
【0058】
【表17−(7)】
Figure 0003614456
【0059】
【表17−(8)】
Figure 0003614456
【0060】
【表17−(9)】
Figure 0003614456
【0061】
【表17−(10)】
Figure 0003614456
【0062】
【表17−(11)】
Figure 0003614456
【0063】
【表17−(12)】
Figure 0003614456
【0064】
本発明で用いられる還元電位が−0.2〜−1.2Vvs.SCEの有機アクセプター性化合物としては、ベンゾキノン、ナフトキノン、アントラキノン、ジフェノキノン等の誘導体、酸無水物、ニトロ基、ニトロソ基、シアノ基などの電子吸収性基を有する脂肪族化合物、芳香族化合物、複素環式化合物等が挙げられる。
【0065】
本発明における有機アクセプター性化合物の還元電位とは、一般に知られているサイクリックボルタメタリー測定における半波電位のことであり、条件としては溶媒としてアセトニトリル、電解質として0.1M TEAP、参照電極として飽和カルメロ電極(SCE)を用いたときの値である。
【0066】
本発明で還元電位が−0.2〜1.2Vvs.SCEの有機アクセプター性化合物を使用するのは、還元電位が電子親和力に対応しており、この範囲のものが電子輸送性に優れているためである。還元電位がこの範囲内の有機アクセプター性化合物は、電荷発生物質として本発明にも使用される構造のジスアゾ、トリスアゾ化合物と組み合わせた場合極めて優れた電子写真特性が得られるのである。これらの有機アクセプター性化合物は、単独または2種以上混合して用いることもできる。
【0067】
以下、本発明を図1〜4において説明すると、1は導電性支持体、2は本発明に係る光導電層を示す。本発明の電子写真感光体は、図1〜4に示す如く、光導電層が単層型であればいずれの形態でも良く、光導電層と導電性支持体の間に接着性、電荷ブロッキング性を向上させるために下引層3を設けても良い。更に、耐摩耗性など機械的耐久性を向上させるために光導電層上に保護層4を設けても良い。
【0068】
本発明の電子写真感光体に用いられる導電性の支持体としては、アルミニウム、黄銅、ステンレス、ニッケル等の金属又は合金、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、ガラス、紙等の絶縁性支持体上にアルミニウム、銀、金、ニッケルなどの金属或いは酸化インジウム、酸化スズ等の導電性材料を薄膜形成した物、カーボンブラック、酸化インジウム、酸化スズ等の導電性粉末を適当な樹脂に分散し皮膜形成した物、導電処理を施した紙等が例示できる。導電性支持体の形状は特に制約はなく、必要に応じて板状、ドラム状、ベルト状の物が用いられる。
【0069】
本発明に用いられる結着樹脂としては、公知のものが用いられるが、絶縁性でフィルム形成能の高い高分子重合体が好ましい。例えば、ポリスチレン、スチレン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、スチレン−無水マレイン酸共重合体、ポリエステル、ポリ塩化ビニル、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリカーボネート(ビスフェノールAタイプ、ビスフェノールZタイプ)、酢酸セルロース樹脂、エチルセルロース樹脂、ポリビニルブチラール、ポリビニルホルマール、ポリビニルトルエン、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、アクリル樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アルキド樹脂等の熱可塑性または熱硬化性樹脂が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。
【0070】
本発明の電子写真感光体を作成するには、前記ジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料を前記の方法で同時に混合粉砕したものに、有機正孔移動物質、還元電位が−0.2〜−1.2Vvs.SCEの有機アクセプター性化合物、結着樹脂を加えて混合し、導電性支持体上に浸漬塗工法やスプレーコート、ビードコート法などを用いて塗布すれば良い。混合粉砕するときの溶媒としては、ケトン、エステル、アルコール、環状エーテル、環状ケトン等が挙げられ、好ましくは環状エーテル、環状ケトン、更に好ましくは、増感効果の発現性からみてテトラヒドロフラン、シクロヘキサノンが使用できる。
【0071】
本発明に用いられる電荷発生物質と結着樹脂との割合は、前記アゾ顔料の同時粉砕混合物が結着樹脂の10重量部に対し、0.01〜10重量部の範囲が好ましい。上記範囲より少ないと残留電位が大きく、上記範囲より多いと帯電性及び機械的強度が低下する。
本発明に用いられる有機正孔移動物質と結着樹脂との割合は、有機正孔移動物質が結着樹脂10重量部に対し1〜15重量部の範囲が好ましい。上記範囲より少ないと感度が低下し、上記範囲より多いと帯電性及び機械的強度が劣化する。
【0072】
本発明に使用される還元電位が−0.2〜1.2Vvs.SCEの有機アクセプター性化合物と結着樹脂との割合は、有機アクセプター性化合物が、結着樹脂10重量部に対し1〜15重量部の範囲が好ましい。上記範囲より少ないと、繰り返し使用により帯電性が劣化し、上記範囲より多いと、感度及び機械的強度が劣化する。
【0073】
本発明の光導電層の膜厚は5〜100μm、好ましくは10〜50μmの範囲が好ましい。5μmより薄いと機械的耐久性がなく、100μmより厚いと残留電位が増加する。
【0074】
【実施例】
次に、実施例により、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。
【0075】
実施例1
電荷発生物質としてカップラーNo.17とNo.24を用いた化1(R=R=H)で表される非対称ジスアゾ顔料5重量部とカップラーNo.70を用いた化2(R=H)で表されるトリスアゾ顔料5重量部をテトラヒドロフラン70重量部とともにボールミルで5日間分散して同時粉砕混合処理を施し、これを分子量6万のZ型ポリカーボネート樹脂100重量部、テトラヒドロフラン300重量部、有機正孔移動物質として、例示化合物No.III−59のスチルベン系化合物50重量部、有機アクセプター性化合物として下記構造式化29で示される化合物(還元電位−0.47Vvs.SCE)20重量部、シリコーンオイル〔KF−50(信越化学工業社製)〕0.1重量部からなる溶液に加え、感光層用塗工液を作成した。このようにして得られた感光層用塗工液を厚さ0.2mmのアルミニウム板〔A1080(住友軽金属社製)〕にブレード塗布、150℃で20分間乾燥させ、厚さ20μmの感光層を形成し、実施例1の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【化29】
Figure 0003614456
【0076】
実施例2
実施例1において、非対称ジスアゾ顔料を、カップラーNo.30を用いた化1(R=R=H)で表されるジスアゾ顔料に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例2の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0077】
実施例3
実施例1において、トリスアゾ顔料を、カップラーNo.214を用いた化2(R=H)で表されるトリスアゾ顔料に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例3の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0078】
実施例4
実施例1において、非対称ジスアゾ顔料を、カップラーNo.17を用いた化1(R=R=H)で表される対称ジスアゾ顔料に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例4の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0079】
実施例5
実施例1において、トリスアゾ顔料を、カップラーNo.3を用いた化2(R=H)で表されるトリスアゾ顔料に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例5の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0080】
実施例6
実施例1において、電荷発生物質である非対称ジスアゾ顔料及びトリスアゾ顔料の投入量をそれぞれ、0.04重量部及び0.04重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例6の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0081】
実施例7
実施例1において、電荷発生物質である非対称ジスアゾ顔料及びトリスアゾ顔料の投入量をそれぞれ、0.05重量部及び0.05重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例7の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0082】
実施例8
実施例1において、電荷発生物質である非対称ジスアゾ顔料及びトリスアゾ顔料の投入量をそれぞれ、50重量部及び50重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例8の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0083】
実施例9
実施例1において、電荷発生物質である非対称ジスアゾ顔料及びトリスアゾ顔料の投入量をそれぞれ、75重量部及び75重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例9の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0084】
実施例10
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物の投入量を5重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例10の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0085】
実施例11
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物の投入量を10重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例11の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0086】
実施例12
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物の投入量を150重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例12の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0087】
実施例13
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物の投入量を200重量部に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例13の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0089】
実施例14〜18
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物を表18に示すような化合物に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして実施例14〜18の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0090】
比較例1
実施例1において、電荷発生物質としてカップラーNo.17とNo.24を用いた化1(R=R=H)で表される非対称ジスアゾ顔料5重量部とカップラーNo.70を用いた化2(R=H)で表されるトリスアゾ顔料5重量部とをそれぞれ別個にテトラヒドロフラン35重量部とともにボールミルで5日間分散した後、それらを混合し、これを分子量6万のZ型ポリカーボネート樹脂100重量部、テトラヒドロフラン300重量部、有機正孔移動物質として実施例1で用いた化合物80重量部、有機アクセプター性化合物として上記構造式化29で示される化合物(還元電位−0.47Vvs.SCE)20重量部、シリコーンオイル〔KF−50(信越化学工業社製)〕0.1重量部からなる溶液に加え、感光層用塗工液を作成した。このようにして得られた感光層用塗工液を実施例1と同様に成膜し、比較例1の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0091】
比較例2
実施例1において、カップラーNo.70を用いた化2(R=H)で表されるトリスアゾ顔料を加えなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例2の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0092】
比較例3
実施例1において、カップラーNo.17とNo.24を用いた化1(R=R=H)で表される非対称ジスアゾ顔料を加えなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0093】
比較例4
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物を加えなかった以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例4の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0094】
比較例5〜6
実施例1において、有機アクセプター性化合物を表18に示すような化合物に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例5〜6の電子写真感光体を作成した。
【0095】
【表18】
Figure 0003614456
【0096】
以上のようにして得られた電子写真感光体の静電特性を25℃/50%RHの環境下でEPA−8100(川口電気製作所製)を用い、ダイナミック方式にて測定した。まず、印加電圧+6KVで10秒間帯電した後、20秒間暗減衰、更に単色光を表面照度10μW/cmの780nmの単色光光源によって露光を行った。帯電開始10秒後の表面電位Vs(V)、20秒間暗減衰後の表面電位V(V)、感度は露光後の表面電位が露光直前の表面電位の2分の1になるのに要する露光量E1/2(μJ/cm)を測定した。また、繰り返し使用後の特性として、上記の帯電、露光の一連の操作を5000回繰り返した後のVs(V)、V(V)、E1/2(μJ/cm)を測定した。表19にその結果を示す。
【0097】
【表19−(1)】
Figure 0003614456
【0098】
【表19−(2)】
Figure 0003614456
【0099】
【発明の効果】
上記したように、本発明の電子写真感光体は、特定のジスアゾ顔料とトリスアゾ顔料との同時粉砕混合物と、有機正孔移動物質と、還元電位が−0.2〜−1.2Vvs.SCEの有機アクセプター性化合物と、結着樹脂とを単一の光導電層中に含有させたことにより、可視域から近赤外域の広い範囲の光に高い感度を有すると共に、繰り返し使用時の安定性に優れたものであることが判る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】導電性支持体上に単一の光導電層を設けた、本発明に係る電子写真感光体の一例を示す概略図。
【図2】導電性支持体上と光導電層との間に下引層を設けた、本発明に係る電子写真感光体の一例を示す概略図。
【図3】光導電層上に保護層を設けた、本発明に係る電子写真感光体の一例を示す概略図。
【図4】下引層と保護層を同時に設けた、本発明に係る電子写真感光体の一例を示す概略図。
【符号の説明】
1 導電性支持体
2 光導電層
3 下引層
4 保護層[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor, and more particularly to a single-layer type organic electrophotographic photoreceptor useful for an electrophotographic copying machine, a printer, and the like.
[0002]
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, inorganic photoconductive materials such as selenium, zinc oxide and cadmium sulfide, organic photoconductive materials such as azo pigments, amorphous silicon and the like are generally known as photoconductive materials used for electrophotographic photoreceptors. . However, inorganic photoconductive materials have problems such as photosensitivity, thermal stability, durability, and toxicity. For example, selenium has the disadvantage that it is easily crystallized due to heat, dirt, etc., and its characteristics are likely to deteriorate. Compared to the electrophotographic photosensitive member using this inorganic photoconductive material, the organic photoconductive material has excellent film forming properties, is easy to manufacture, has a high degree of design freedom, is less expensive and is non-polluting. Therefore, in recent years, development of electrophotographic photosensitive members using organic photoconductive materials has been actively conducted. As an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive material, a function-separated photoreceptor in which a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer are laminated, and a single-layer photoreceptor in which a charge generation material is dispersed in a resin binder. Among them, many of them are put into practical use in view of the higher sensitivity of the laminated type photoconductor.
[0003]
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-42380 discloses a laminated photoreceptor in which chlorodian blue and a hydrazone compound are combined, and charge generating materials used in the laminated photoreceptor are disclosed in JP-A-53-133445 and JP-A-5-133445. JP-A-54-21728, JP-A-54-22834 and the like, and charge-transporting substances are described in JP-A-58-198043 and JP-A-58-199352.
[0004]
However, the charge transport material contained in the charge transport layer of the laminated type photoreceptor is required to have high charge mobility for high sensitivity, but most charge transport materials with high charge mobility are holes. Since it is transportable, practically available photoreceptors are limited to negatively charged type.
Most of such negatively charged photoreceptors use negative corona discharge at the time of use. Therefore, they generate a large amount of ozone and are harmful to the human body. The life of the photoreceptor itself is also shortened.
To prevent this, special systems have been proposed and put into practical use, such as a charging system that is less likely to generate ozone, a system that decomposes generated ozone, and a system that exhausts ozone in the device. There are disadvantages such as.
[0005]
On the other hand, a single-layer type photoreceptor is generally known as a positively charged photoreceptor, and includes, for example, polyvinyl carbazole and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone described in JP-B-50-10495. A photoreceptor obtained by sensitizing polyvinyl carbazole described in JP-B-48-25658 with a pyrylium salt dye, or a photoreceptor mainly composed of a eutectic complex, as disclosed in JP-A-47-30330. A photoreceptor comprising a charge generating material and a charge transport material; a photoreceptor comprising a perylene pigment and a charge transport material described in JP-A-63-271461, JP-A-1-118143 and JP-A-3-65961; A photoconductor composed of a phthalocyanine compound and a binder resin described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 3-65961 has been proposed.
However, these single-layer type photoreceptors are particularly insufficient in terms of sensitivity, and are inferior to the laminated type photoreceptors.
[0006]
In recent years, along with the increasing complexity and functionality of copying machines, development of photoconductors corresponding to copying machines having analog and digital functions has been underway.
In this case, the characteristics required of the photoconductor include a wavelength of an LD laser light source in order to correspond to a digital function, that is, a high sensitivity in the near infrared region, and a wavelength of a white light source to correspond to an analog function. That is, it is desired to have high sensitivity in the visible range.
[0007]
As such a photoconductor, sensitivity in the visible range described in JP-A-63-236047, JP-A-63-243950, JP-A-63-243951, and JP-A-1-315752 is known. A laminate photoconductor has been proposed in which a pigment having a sensitivity in the near-infrared region is mixed with a pigment having a wide spectral sensitivity from the visible region to the near-infrared region.
However, in the case of these laminated types, in addition to the problem of ozone generation as described above, the charge transport material in the upper layer absorbs light, and thus has the disadvantage that the photosensitivity particularly in a short wavelength region is deteriorated. In addition, it is not always sufficient to have a wide spectral sensitivity from the visible range to the near infrared range, and there is an optical problem that a buffer work is likely to occur because the interface between the charge generation layer and the charge transport layer exists. there were.
In addition, in the case of a laminated type photoreceptor, it is generally necessary to reduce the thickness of the charge generation layer to 0.1 to 1.0 μm in order to increase sensitivity. It is easily influenced by the atmosphere and environment, and further, it is necessary to coat the photosensitive layer twice or more times, which has a great influence on the yield, manufacturing cost and the like.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a single-layer type electrophotographic photoreceptor having particularly high sensitivity and excellent stability during repeated use.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have obtained a mixture obtained by simultaneously grinding and mixing a disazo pigment and a trisazo pigment on a conductive support, an organic hole transfer material, an organic acceptor compound, and a binder resin. The present inventors have found that an electrophotographic photoreceptor provided with a single photoconductive layer containing it is suitable for the above purpose, and completed the present invention.
[0010]
That is, according to the present invention, a co-grinding mixture of at least one specific disazo pigment and at least one trisazo pigment, an organic hole transfer material, an organic acceptor compound, and a binder on a conductive support. In an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photoconductive layer composed of a single layer containing a resin, the reduction potential value of the organic acceptor compound is -0.2 to -1.2 V vs. An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by being an SCE (saturated carmelo electrode) is provided.
[0011]
The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a disazo pigment sensitive to visible light and a trisazo pigment sensitive to so-called near infrared light having a wavelength of 700 nm or more in a single photoconductive layer. Since the mixed pulverized product is included, the sensitivity to a wide range of light from visible light to near-infrared light is higher than that in the case of designing using individual pigments alone. This sensitization effect will be clarified by the examples described later, but by mixing and grinding the disazo pigment and the trisazo pigment simultaneously by applying mechanical energy, the sensitivity is remarkably enhanced compared to the case of each pigment alone. This is different from the mixing effect of the conventionally proposed combination of pigments.
[0012]
The mixing ratio of the disazo pigment and the trisazo pigment used in the present invention is determined individually by considering the characteristics (sensitivity, charging characteristics, gas resistance) required by the photoreceptor depending on the type of pigment to be mixed. Can be selected, but generally by weight
0.01 ≦ disazo pigment / (disazo pigment + trisazo pigment) ≦ 0.99
It is better to be in the range. If it is lower than 0.01, the sensitivity sensitizing effect is small, and if it is larger than 0.99, the sensitizing effect and improvement in gas resistance are reduced. Furthermore, considering the uniformity of spectral sensitivity from the visible light wavelength range to the near infrared light wavelength range,
0.1 ≦ disazo pigment / (disazo pigment + trisazo pigment) ≦ 0.9
A range of is desirable.
[0013]
Disazo pigment and trisazo pigment can be mixed in ball mill, vibration mill, disc vibration mill, attritor, sand mill, paint shaker, jet mill, ultrasonic dispersion method, etc. Any pulverizing and mixing means that gives mechanical energy such as impact and vibration can be used. Further, it is preferable that the desired amounts of the disazo pigment and the trisazo pigment are placed in the same container, and the above mechanical energy is simultaneously applied in the presence of the dispersion solvent described later, and the mixture is pulverized and dispersed.
[0014]
In the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, as described above, a mixture of a disazo pigment and a trisazo pigment is used as the charge generation material. In particular, charge generation by light irradiation in the visible light region (400 to 700 nm) is used. A simultaneous pulverization mixture of a disazo pigment represented by the following general formula 1 having high ability and a trisazo pigment represented by the following general formula 2 having sensitivity to light having a wavelength of 700 nm or more is used.
[0015]
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003614456
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003614456
{However, in the above Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, Ar 1 , Ar 2 And Ar 3 Represents coupler residues represented by the following general formulas 3 to 10, which may be the same or different. R 1 And R 2 Represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group, and R 3 Is a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, -NO 2 Or -CN is shown. )
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003614456
[Where X 1 , Y 1 And Z each represent the following.
X 1 : —OH, —N (R 4 ) (R 5 ) Or -NHSO 2 -R 6 (However, R 4 And R 5 Represents a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and R 6 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. )
Y 1 : Hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, alkoxy group, carboxy group, sulfone group, benzimidazolyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, or -CON (R 7 ) (Y 2 ). (However, R 7 Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted product thereof, or a phenyl group or a substituted product thereof; 2 Is a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof, or -N = C (R 8 ) (R 9 ) << However, R 8 Is a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof, or a styryl group or a substituted product thereof, R 9 Represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted product thereof, or a phenyl group or a substituted product thereof, or R 8 And R 9 May form a ring together with carbon atoms bonded to them. Represents. )
Z: represents a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof. ]
[0016]
[Formula 4]
Figure 0003614456
[In the formula, R 10 , R 11 , Y 1 And n each represent the following.
n: an integer from 1 to 4,
R 10 : Hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
R 11 : Hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl mercapto group, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, substituted Or an unsubstituted acyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and when n is an integer of 2 to 4, R 11 May be the same or different.
Y 1 : Represents the same as in Chemical Formula 3 above. ]
[Chemical formula 5]
Figure 0003614456
[Chemical 6]
Figure 0003614456
[However, in Formulas 5 and 6, R 12 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. ]
[0017]
[Chemical 7]
Figure 0003614456
[Chemical 8]
Figure 0003614456
[In the formulas 7 and 8, R 13 Represents an alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a carboxy group, or an ester thereof, Ar 4 Represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group. ]
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0003614456
[Chemical Formula 10]
Figure 0003614456
[However, in Formulas 9 and 10, X 2 Represents an aromatic hydrocarbon divalent group or a heterocyclic divalent group. ]}
[0018]
Next, specific examples of couplers of the aforementioned disazo pigments and trisazo pigments used in the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, that is, Ar 1 -H, Ar 2 -H and Ar 3 Specific examples of -H are shown in Tables 1 to 16 below.
[0019]
[Table 1- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0020]
[Table 1- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0021]
[Table 1- (3)]
Figure 0003614456
[0022]
[Table 2- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0023]
[Table 2- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0024]
[Table 3- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0025]
[Table 3- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0026]
[Table 4]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0027]
[Table 5]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0028]
[Table 6]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0029]
[Table 7]
Figure 0003614456
[0030]
[Table 8]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0031]
[Table 9]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0032]
[Table 10]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0033]
[Table 11]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0034]
[Table 12- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
[0035]
[Table 12- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0036]
[Table 12- (3)]
Figure 0003614456
[0037]
[Table 13- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0038]
[Table 13- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0039]
[Table 13- (3)]
Figure 0003614456
[0040]
[Table 14- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
[0041]
[Table 14- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0042]
[Table 15]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0043]
[Table 16]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[0044]
Among the azo pigments described above, among the disazo pigments, compounds represented by the following formulas 12 and 13 are particularly preferable. These compounds have high sensitivity in the visible range, and when mixed with a trisazo pigment at the same time, the pigment dispersion coating solution has good stability, good film formation is possible, and significant sensitization is possible. The effect can be expected.
[0045]
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
[0046]
Further, as the trisazo pigment, a compound represented by the following general formula 11 is preferable, and chemical formulas 26 and 27 are particularly preferable. This is because the trisazo compound represented by the general formula 11 is a material that has a particularly high charge generation ability by light irradiation in the near-infrared region (700 nm or more), and from the visible region to the near-red region by simultaneous grinding and mixing with the disazo pigment. It is possible to prepare a photoconductor having high photosensitivity in a wide range up to the outer region. In particular, the trisazo compound represented by the formulas 26 and 27 has a wide photosensitive wavelength range up to around 850 nm. This is because, by mixing with the disazo pigment, it is possible to produce a photoreceptor having high sensitivity to LD light (780 to 850 nm).
[0047]
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
(However, R in the formula 1 ~ R 9 Is a hydrogen atom, -CH 3 , -C 2 H 5 , -C 3 H 7 , Chlorine atom, fluorine atom, iodine atom, bromine atom, CH 3 O-, C 2 H 5 O-, C 3 H 7 O-, -NO 2 , -CN, -CF 3 Or -OH, respectively. )
[0048]
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
[0049]
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
[0050]
Any known organic hole transfer material can be used in the present invention. Specific examples thereof include compounds shown in Table 17 having a basic structure represented by the following general formula 28 (see JP-A-1-302260).
[0051]
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
[0052]
[Table 17- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
[0053]
[Table 17- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0054]
[Table 17- (3)]
Figure 0003614456
[0055]
[Table 17- (4)]
Figure 0003614456
[0056]
[Table 17- (5)]
Figure 0003614456
[0057]
[Table 17- (6)]
Figure 0003614456
[0058]
[Table 17- (7)]
Figure 0003614456
[0059]
[Table 17- (8)]
Figure 0003614456
[0060]
[Table 17- (9)]
Figure 0003614456
[0061]
[Table 17- (10)]
Figure 0003614456
[0062]
[Table 17- (11)]
Figure 0003614456
[0063]
[Table 17- (12)]
Figure 0003614456
[0064]
The reduction potential used in the present invention is -0.2 to -1.2 Vvs. SCE organic acceptor compounds include benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, anthraquinone, diphenoquinone and other derivatives, acid anhydrides, aliphatic compounds having an electron absorbing group such as nitro group, nitroso group, cyano group, aromatic compounds, and heterocyclic rings. And formula compounds.
[0065]
The reduction potential of the organic acceptor compound in the present invention is a half-wave potential in a generally known cyclic voltammetry measurement. As conditions, acetonitrile as a solvent, 0.1M TEAP as an electrolyte, and as a reference electrode It is a value when a saturated carmelo electrode (SCE) is used.
[0066]
In the present invention, the reduction potential is -0.2 to 1.2 Vvs. The SCE organic acceptor compound is used because the reduction potential corresponds to the electron affinity, and those in this range are excellent in the electron transport property. An organic acceptor compound having a reduction potential within this range can provide extremely excellent electrophotographic characteristics when combined with a disazo or trisazo compound having a structure also used in the present invention as a charge generating material. These organic acceptor compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0067]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, wherein 1 is a conductive support, and 2 is a photoconductive layer according to the present invention. The electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention may be in any form as long as the photoconductive layer is a single layer type as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, and has adhesiveness and charge blocking properties between the photoconductive layer and the conductive support. The undercoat layer 3 may be provided to improve the thickness. Furthermore, a protective layer 4 may be provided on the photoconductive layer in order to improve mechanical durability such as wear resistance.
[0068]
Examples of the conductive support used in the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention include metals or alloys such as aluminum, brass, stainless steel and nickel, aluminum on an insulating support such as polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, nylon, glass and paper. Metals such as silver, gold, nickel, etc., or thin films formed of conductive materials such as indium oxide and tin oxide, and films formed by dispersing conductive powders such as carbon black, indium oxide and tin oxide in an appropriate resin Examples thereof include paper subjected to a conductive treatment. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the shape of an electroconductive support body, A plate-shaped, drum-shaped, and belt-shaped thing is used as needed.
[0069]
As the binder resin used in the present invention, known resins are used, and a high molecular polymer having an insulating property and a high film forming ability is preferable. For example, polystyrene, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinylidene chloride, Polyarylate resin, polycarbonate (bisphenol A type, bisphenol Z type), cellulose acetate resin, ethyl cellulose resin, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl toluene, poly-N-vinyl carbazole, acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, melamine resin, A thermoplastic resin such as a urethane resin, a phenol resin, and an alkyd resin, or a thermosetting resin can be used, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0070]
To prepare the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention, an organic hole transfer substance having a reduction potential of −0.2 to −1.2 Vvs. An organic acceptor compound of SCE and a binder resin may be added and mixed, and applied to the conductive support using a dip coating method, spray coating, bead coating method, or the like. Examples of the solvent for mixing and pulverizing include ketones, esters, alcohols, cyclic ethers, cyclic ketones, etc., preferably cyclic ethers, cyclic ketones, and more preferably tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexanone in view of the sensitizing effect. it can.
[0071]
The ratio of the charge generation material and the binder resin used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 10 parts by weight of the binder resin. If it is less than the above range, the residual potential is large, and if it is more than the above range, the chargeability and mechanical strength are lowered.
The ratio of the organic hole transfer material and the binder resin used in the present invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 10 parts by weight of the organic hole transfer material. When it is less than the above range, the sensitivity is lowered, and when it is more than the above range, the chargeability and mechanical strength are deteriorated.
[0072]
The reduction potential used in the present invention is -0.2 to 1.2 Vvs. The ratio of the SCE organic acceptor compound and the binder resin is preferably in the range of 1 to 15 parts by weight of the organic acceptor compound with respect to 10 parts by weight of the binder resin. When the amount is less than the above range, the chargeability is deteriorated by repeated use. When the amount is more than the above range, sensitivity and mechanical strength are deteriorated.
[0073]
The film thickness of the photoconductive layer of the present invention is 5 to 100 μm, preferably 10 to 50 μm. If it is thinner than 5 μm, there is no mechanical durability, and if it is thicker than 100 μm, the residual potential increases.
[0074]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples.
[0075]
Example 1
Coupler no. 17 and No. 24 using R 1 (R 1 = R 2 = H) and 5 parts by weight of an asymmetric disazo pigment represented by 70 using 70 (R 3 = H) 5 parts by weight of a trisazo pigment represented by 70 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran and dispersed in a ball mill for 5 days and subjected to simultaneous pulverization and mixing treatment were performed to obtain 100 parts by weight of Z-type polycarbonate resin having a molecular weight of 60,000 and 300 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran. As the organic hole transfer substance, Exemplified Compound No. III-59 stilbene compound 50 parts by weight, organic acceptor compound represented by the following structural formula 29 (reduction potential -0.47 Vvs. SCE) 20 parts by weight, silicone oil [KF-50 (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) Manufactured)] In addition to a solution consisting of 0.1 parts by weight, a coating solution for photosensitive layer was prepared. The coating solution for photosensitive layer thus obtained was applied to a 0.2 mm thick aluminum plate [A1080 (manufactured by Sumitomo Light Metal)] with a blade and dried at 150 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a photosensitive layer having a thickness of 20 μm. The electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 1 was formed.
Embedded image
Figure 0003614456
[0076]
Example 2
In Example 1, the asymmetric disazo pigment was treated with coupler no. 30 using R 1 (R 1 = R 2 = H) An electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the pigment was changed to a disazo pigment.
[0077]
Example 3
In Example 1, the trisazo pigment was treated with coupler no. 2 using R 214 (R 3 The electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the trisazo pigment represented by = H) was used.
[0078]
Example 4
In Example 1, the asymmetric disazo pigment was treated with coupler no. 17 using R 17 (R 1 = R 2 The electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the symmetric disazo pigment represented by = H) was used.
[0079]
Example 5
In Example 1, the trisazo pigment was treated with coupler no. 3 using R 3 (R 3 The electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 5 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the trisazo pigment represented by = H) was used.
[0080]
Example 6
The electron of Example 6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the charge amounts of the asymmetric disazo pigment and trisazo pigment, which were charge generation materials, were changed to 0.04 parts by weight and 0.04 parts by weight, respectively. A photoconductor was prepared.
[0081]
Example 7
In Example 1, the electrons of Example 7 were changed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the input amounts of the asymmetric disazo pigment and trisazo pigment as charge generation materials were changed to 0.05 parts by weight and 0.05 parts by weight, respectively. A photoconductor was prepared.
[0082]
Example 8
In Example 1, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 8 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the input amounts of the asymmetric disazo pigment and trisazo pigment as charge generation materials were changed to 50 parts by weight and 50 parts by weight, respectively. Created.
[0083]
Example 9
In Example 1, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 9 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the input amounts of the asymmetric disazo pigment and trisazo pigment as charge generation materials were changed to 75 parts by weight and 75 parts by weight, respectively. Created.
[0084]
Example 10
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member of Example 10 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the organic acceptor compound was changed to 5 parts by weight.
[0085]
Example 11
In Example 1, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 11 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the organic acceptor compound was changed to 10 parts by weight.
[0086]
Example 12
In Example 1, the electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 12 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the organic acceptor compound was changed to 150 parts by weight.
[0087]
Example 13
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photoreceptor of Example 13 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the amount of the organic acceptor compound was changed to 200 parts by weight.
[0089]
Examples 14-18
In Example 1, the electrophotographic photoreceptors of Examples 14 to 18 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the organic acceptor compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 18.
[0090]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, coupler no. 17 and No. 24 using R 1 (R 1 = R 2 = H) and 5 parts by weight of an asymmetric disazo pigment represented by 70 using 70 (R 3 = H) and 5 parts by weight of a trisazo pigment represented by the following formula were separately dispersed together with 35 parts by weight of tetrahydrofuran in a ball mill for 5 days, and then mixed together. 300 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight of the compound used in Example 1 as an organic hole transfer substance, 20 parts by weight of a compound represented by the above structural formula 29 (reduction potential -0.47 V vs. SCE) as an organic acceptor compound, silicone In addition to a solution consisting of 0.1 parts by weight of oil [KF-50 (manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.)], a photosensitive layer coating solution was prepared. The photosensitive layer coating solution thus obtained was deposited in the same manner as in Example 1 to produce an electrophotographic photoreceptor of Comparative Example 1.
[0091]
Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, coupler no. 70 using 70 (R 3 = H) An electrophotographic photosensitive member of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the trisazo pigment represented by (H) was not added.
[0092]
Comparative Example 3
In Example 1, coupler no. 17 and No. 24 using R 1 (R 1 = R 2 The electrophotographic photosensitive member of Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the asymmetric disazo pigment represented by = H) was not added.
[0093]
Comparative Example 4
In Example 1, an electrophotographic photosensitive member of Comparative Example 4 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no organic acceptor compound was added.
[0094]
Comparative Examples 5-6
In Example 1, electrophotographic photoreceptors of Comparative Examples 5 to 6 were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the organic acceptor compound was changed to the compounds shown in Table 18.
[0095]
[Table 18]
Figure 0003614456
[0096]
The electrostatic characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member obtained as described above were measured by a dynamic method using EPA-8100 (manufactured by Kawaguchi Electric) in an environment of 25 ° C./50% RH. First, after charging for 10 seconds at an applied voltage of +6 KV, dark decay for 20 seconds, and monochromatic light with a surface illumination of 10 μW / cm 2 The exposure was performed with a monochromatic light source of 780 nm. Surface potential Vs (V) 10 seconds after the start of charging, surface potential V after dark decay for 20 seconds 0 (V) The sensitivity is the exposure amount E required for the surface potential after exposure to be half of the surface potential immediately before exposure. 1/2 (ΜJ / cm 2 ) Was measured. Further, as characteristics after repeated use, Vs (V), V after repeating the above series of charging and exposure operations 5000 times. 0 (V), E 1/2 (ΜJ / cm 2 ) Was measured. Table 19 shows the results.
[0097]
[Table 19- (1)]
Figure 0003614456
[0098]
[Table 19- (2)]
Figure 0003614456
[0099]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention has a simultaneous pulverized mixture of a specific disazo pigment and a trisazo pigment, an organic hole transfer material, and a reduction potential of −0.2 to −1.2 Vvs. SCE's organic acceptor compound and binder resin are contained in a single photoconductive layer, providing high sensitivity to a wide range of light from the visible range to the near-infrared range, and stability during repeated use. It turns out that it is excellent in property.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention in which a single photoconductive layer is provided on a conductive support.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention in which an undercoat layer is provided between a conductive support and a photoconductive layer.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention in which a protective layer is provided on the photoconductive layer.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of an electrophotographic photoreceptor according to the present invention in which an undercoat layer and a protective layer are provided simultaneously.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Conductive support
2 Photoconductive layer
3 Underlayer
4 Protective layer

Claims (5)

導電性支持体上に、下記一般式化1で表される少なくとも1種のジスアゾ顔料と下記一般式化2で表される少なくとも1種のトリスアゾ顔料との同時粉砕混合物、有機正孔移動物質、有機アクセプター性化合物、及び結着樹脂を含有する単一の層からなる光導電層を有する電子写真感光体おいて、該有機アクセプター性化合物の還元電位の値が、−0.2〜−1.2V vs. SCE(飽和カルメロ電極)であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体。
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
{但し、上記化1及び化2中、Ar、Ar及びArは、下記一般式化3〜化10で表されるカプラー残基を表し、各々同一でも異なってもよい。また、R及びRは水素原子、ハロゲン原子、トリフルオロメチル基、ニトロ基、またはシアノ基を表わし、Rは、水素原子、塩素原子、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、−NO又は−CNを示す。
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式中、X、Y及びZはそれぞれ以下のものを表す。
:−OH、−N(R)(R)、又は−NHSO−R(但し、RおよびRは水素原子、アシル基、又は置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基を表し、Rは置換もしくは無置換のアリール基を表す。)
:水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、カルボキシ基、スルホン基、ベンズイミダゾリル基、置換もしくは無置換のスルファモイル基、又は−CON(R)(Y)を表す。(但し、Rは水素原子、アルキル基もしくはその置換体、又はフェニル基もしくはその置換体を表し、Yは炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体、又は、−N=C(R)(R)《但し、Rは炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体、又は、スチリル基もしくはその置換体、Rは水素原子、アルキル基もしくはその置換体、又は、フェニル基もしくはその置換体を表すか、あるいはR及びRはそれらに結合する炭素原子と共に環を形成しても良い。》を表す。)
Z:炭化水素環基もしくはその置換体、複素環基もしくはその置換体を表す。〕
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式中、R10、R11、Yおよびnはそれぞれ以下のものを表す。
n:1〜4の整数、
10:水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、
11:水素原子、置換もしくは無置換のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキルスルホニル基、置換もしくは無置換のアルキルメルカプト基、ハロゲン原子、置換もしくは無置換のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換のアシル基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、及び置換もしくは無置換のアミノ基を表し、nが2〜4の整数の場合はR11は同一又は異なったもののいずれでも良い。
:前記化3と同一のものを表す。〕
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化5及び化6中、R12は置換もしくは無置換の炭化水素基を表す。〕
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化7及び化8中、R13は、アルキル基、カルバモイル基、カルボキシ基、或いはそのエステルを表し、Arは置換もしくは無置換の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。〕
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
〔但し、式化9及び化10中、Xは芳香族炭化水素の2価基、又は複素環の2価基を表す。〕}
On a conductive support, a co-grinding mixture of at least one disazo pigment represented by the following general formula 1 and at least one trisazo pigment represented by the following general formula 2, an organic hole transfer material, In an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer composed of a single layer containing an organic acceptor compound and a binder resin, the reduction potential value of the organic acceptor compound is -0.2 to -1. 2V vs. An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by being an SCE (saturated carmello electrode).
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
{However, in the above chemical formulas 1 and 2, Ar 1 , Ar 2 and Ar 3 represent coupler residues represented by the following general formulas 3 to 10 and may be the same or different. R 1 and R 2 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, or —NO 2. Or -CN is shown.
Figure 0003614456
[However, in the formula, X 1 , Y 1 and Z each represent the following.
X 1 : —OH, —N (R 4 ) (R 5 ), or —NHSO 2 —R 6 (where R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom, an acyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, R 6 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.)
Y 1 : a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a carboxy group, a sulfone group, a benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, or —CON (R 7 ) (Y 2 ) Represent. (Wherein R 7 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a substituted product thereof, or a phenyl group or a substituted product thereof, and Y 2 represents a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof, or —N = C (R 8 ) (R 9 ) << wherein R 8 is a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof, or a styryl group or a substituted product thereof, R 9 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group Or a substituent thereof, or a phenyl group or a substituent thereof, or R 8 and R 9 may form a ring together with carbon atoms bonded to them.
Z: represents a hydrocarbon ring group or a substituted product thereof, a heterocyclic group or a substituted product thereof. ]
Figure 0003614456
[In the formula, R 10 , R 11 , Y 1 and n each represent the following.
n: an integer from 1 to 4,
R 10 : a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group,
R 11 : hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl mercapto group, halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group Represents a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, and when n is an integer of 2 to 4, R 11 may be the same or different.
Y 1 represents the same as in Chemical Formula 3 above. ]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[However, in Formula 5 and Chemical Formula 6, R 12 represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group. ]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[In the formulas 7 and 8, R 13 represents an alkyl group, a carbamoyl group, a carboxy group, or an ester thereof, and Ar 4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group. ]
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
[In the formulas 9 and 10, X 2 represents a divalent group of an aromatic hydrocarbon or a divalent group of a heterocyclic ring. ]}
前記トリスアゾ顔料が下記一般式化11で表わされる化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。
Figure 0003614456
(但し、式中、R〜Rは水素原子、−CH、−C、−C、塩素原子、フッ素原子、ヨウ素原子、臭素原子、CH−、CO−、CO−、−NO、−CN,−CF又は−OHを表わす。)
2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the trisazo pigment is a compound represented by the following general formula 11:
Figure 0003614456
(Wherein, R 1 to R 9 is a hydrogen atom, -CH 3, -C 2 H 5 , -C 3 H 7, a chlorine atom, a fluorine atom, an iodine atom, a bromine atom, CH 3 -, C 2 H 5 O—, C 3 H 7 O—, —NO 2 , —CN, —CF 3 or —OH is represented.)
前記ジスアゾ顔料が下記一般式化12及び/又は化13で表わされる化合物であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真用感光体。
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the disazo pigment is a compound represented by the following general formula 12 and / or 13:
Figure 0003614456
Figure 0003614456
前記アゾ顔料の同時粉砕混合物が、結着樹脂10重量部に対し、0.01〜10重量部の割合で含有されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。2. The electrophotographic photosensitive member according to claim 1, wherein the simultaneously pulverized mixture of the azo pigments is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 10 parts by weight of the binder resin. 前記有機アクセプター性化合物が、結着樹脂10重量部に対し、1〜15重量部の割合で含有されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の電子写真感光体。2. The electrophotographic photoreceptor according to claim 1, wherein the organic acceptor compound is contained in an amount of 1 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 10 parts by weight of the binder resin.
JP35429693A 1993-10-14 1993-12-30 Electrophotographic photoreceptor Expired - Fee Related JP3614456B2 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP35429693A JP3614456B2 (en) 1993-12-30 1993-12-30 Electrophotographic photoreceptor
US08/323,347 US5578405A (en) 1993-10-14 1994-10-14 Electrophotographic photoconductor containing disazo and trisazo pigments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP35429693A JP3614456B2 (en) 1993-12-30 1993-12-30 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH07199490A JPH07199490A (en) 1995-08-04
JP3614456B2 true JP3614456B2 (en) 2005-01-26

Family

ID=18436585

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP35429693A Expired - Fee Related JP3614456B2 (en) 1993-10-14 1993-12-30 Electrophotographic photoreceptor

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3614456B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH07199490A (en) 1995-08-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP5233687B2 (en) Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge and image forming apparatus using the same
JPH0516021B2 (en)
JP2010145506A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, and image forming apparatus using the same
JP2013029789A (en) Photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image formation apparatus
JP3465096B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JPH01152461A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JP2005292817A (en) Photoconductive material, electrophotographic photoreceptor using the same, electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge, and image forming apparatus
JP3219339B2 (en) Pyrazine compound and electrophotographic photoreceptor containing the same
JP3614456B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP4020592B2 (en) Electrophotographic equipment
JP3286703B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP2011150247A (en) Method for evaluating electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor satisfying the same and image forming apparatus including the same
JPH0727227B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method
JP3258788B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP3303201B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP2021043269A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic image forming method, and electrophotographic image forming apparatus
JP2001290296A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP3006329B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JPH05204175A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH0727226B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method
JPH04304465A (en) Electrophotographic sensitive body
JPH08278644A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JPH0844091A (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor
JP5371450B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming apparatus having the same
JP2658274B2 (en) Electrophotographic photoreceptor and image forming method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20041027

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20071112

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081112

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20081112

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20091112

Year of fee payment: 5

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20101112

Year of fee payment: 6

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees