JP3385901B2 - Cooling method of hardened material - Google Patents

Cooling method of hardened material

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Publication number
JP3385901B2
JP3385901B2 JP07735197A JP7735197A JP3385901B2 JP 3385901 B2 JP3385901 B2 JP 3385901B2 JP 07735197 A JP07735197 A JP 07735197A JP 7735197 A JP7735197 A JP 7735197A JP 3385901 B2 JP3385901 B2 JP 3385901B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
quenching
quenched
steel pipe
cooling
transformation
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JP07735197A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPH10273729A (en
Inventor
征司 谷本
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
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Priority to JP07735197A priority Critical patent/JP3385901B2/en
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 【0001】 【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は、金属管を焼入処理
する場合における冷却方法に関するものである。 【0002】 【従来の技術】金属管とりわけ鋼管は、構造用として利
用される場合が多く、強度が必要とされることから、通
常、焼入れ,焼き戻し処理が行われる。特に、石油,天
然ガス等の掘削,輸送ラインによく利用される継目無鋼
管は、API規格に定められているように、主たる材料
は焼入れ,焼き戻し処理が行われている。 【0003】ところで、鋼管の焼入れ,焼き戻し処理
は、焼入炉で鋼管を所定の温度に加熱した後、主として
水を使用した焼入れ装置にて、要求される冷却速度で鋼
管を冷却し、その後、焼き戻し炉で焼き戻し処理を行
う。焼入れ装置は、焼入れ開始温度を鋼管のAc3変態点
以上とするために、焼入炉の抽出装置のライン上に設置
するか、抽出ラインから搬出後の直近に設置するのが一
般的である。このうち、前者は、鋼管を搬送しながら焼
入れを行い、後者は、焼入れ装置内で鋼管を搬送しなが
ら搬入するか、または、鋼管を停止した状態で焼入れを
行う。 【0004】焼入れの際、鋼管には、急激な熱応力が加
わったり、焼入れ途中に起こる組織変態に起因する変態
応力が発生する。また、鋼管を部分的に焼入れした場合
には、温度むらが生じることがある。このため、焼入れ
が完了した後、鋼管に曲がりが生じることが多い。そし
て、曲がりが生じた場合、次工程の焼き戻し処理にて搬
送トラブルが生じたり、極度に曲がりが生じた場合に
は、搬送できなくなることがある。また、焼き戻し処理
後、曲がり矯正を行うが、曲がり矯正で、過度の塑性加
工を加えると、強度変化をきたし、規格で定められた強
度仕様を満足しない場合もでてくる。 【0005】そこで、曲がりを抑制するために、焼入れ
時には、鋼管を回転させて均一に焼入れを行うと共に、
冷却時にも鋼管を回転させて、曲がりを抑制している。
また、特公平4−8487号では、鋼管の一部を冷却媒
体に浸漬しながら、回転数を規定しながら焼入れする方
法が提案されている。 【0006】 【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、前者の
方法では、先ず、焼入炉の抽出装置上に焼入装置を設置
している場合には、抽出装置に鋼管を回転させる機構を
持たせる必要がある。通常、搬送ローラにスキュー角度
をつけるのが一般的であるが、せいぜいパスラインに対
して、10〜30°のスキュー角度をつけるのが限界で
あり、この時、鋼管は、焼入中、数回転しかできない。
これを積極的に回転数を上げようとすると、冗長な焼入
装置が必要となり、設備コストが高くなる。 【0007】また、鋼管を停止した状態で回転冷却を行
う場合には、上記したような回転数の制約を受けるわけ
ではないが、全長にわたって同時に焼入れをして均一に
冷却するには、鋼管の外面側からのみ冷却することにな
り、厚肉管では内面側が焼入れ不足となり、規格で定め
られた強度を満足しなくなる。これに対応するため、鋼
管の片端より管内面に冷却水を噴射する方法もあるが、
この方法は焼入れ強度は確保できるものの、軸方向に焼
入れ開始タイミングにずれが生じ、これが原因となって
鋼管の曲がりを抑制できない。これは、鋼管長が長くな
るほど顕著となる。 【0008】後者の特公平4−8487号で提案された
方法は、本発明者の調査によると、先ず、マルテンサイ
ト変態する材料を選定して鋼管とし、加熱後、鋼管の一
部を冷却媒体に浸漬した時点で、鋼管に温度分布が生じ
て曲がりが発生してしまい、焼入れ後にもこの曲がりは
解消されなかった。すなわち、この特公平4−8487
号で提案された方法も、曲がり防止には有効な手段とは
いえないことが判明し、また、フェライト+パ−ライト
変態のように、拡散変態をする材料では、焼入れ中、変
態応力による大曲がりが発生した。 【0009】本発明は、上記した従来の問題点に鑑みて
なされたものであり、被焼入材を停止した状態で回転冷
却をする場合に、冷却後に、可及的に曲がりを発生させ
ることのない被焼入材の冷却方法を提供することを目的
とするものである。 【0010】 【課題を解決するための手段】上記した目的を達成する
ために、本発明に係る被焼入材の冷却方法は、Ac3変態
温度以上からマルテンサイト変態終了温度以下の温度域
で、被焼入材を20〜150rpm の回転数で、少なくと
も2種類以上の回転数(低速から高速への変化を除く)
で冷却することとしている。そして、このようにするこ
とで、焼入れ初期に形成される水蒸気膜が均一に除去で
きると共に、組織変態が被焼入材の全長にわたってむら
なく進行する。 【0011】 【発明の実施の形態】種々の鋼種にわたって焼入れ中の
曲がりを抑制する手段としては、焼入れ初期に形成され
る水蒸気膜を均一に除去すること、組織変態が全長にわ
たってむらなく進行すること等があげられる。 【0012】すなわち、先ず、焼入れの第一段階とし
て、被焼入材と冷却水が最初に接触した時には、被焼入
材に相当量の熱応力がかかる。そして、第二段階とし
て、被焼入材と冷却水の間に水蒸気膜が形成されるが、
この水蒸気膜は被焼入材に対し、新たな冷却水を与える
ことによって除去できる。次に、焼入れの第三段階とし
て、被焼入材が組織変態を開始し始める。 【0013】そして、これらの各々の段階で、被焼入材
の寸法(外径、肉厚)や化学成分によらず、単に被焼入
材の回転数のみで整理すると、上記三段階のうち、少な
くとも二種類以上の回転数(低速から高速への変化を除
く)を選定しないと、各々の段階に対応したものとはな
らないことを本発明者は知見した。 【0014】そして、被焼入材に与える回転数について
は、本発明者の実験によると、150rpm を超えた場
合、曲がり抑制効果が漸増するのに対し、駆動装置が巨
大化するのみであること、また、20rpm 未満では、従
来なみの曲がり量となることが判明した。そこで、本発
明では、被焼入材に与える回転数を、20〜150rpm
とした。 【0015】また、本発明では、焼入れ温度範囲につい
ては、被焼入材の焼入れ開始温度をAc3変態点以上とす
るためと、冷却水の工業的に制御可能な範囲とするため
に、マルテンサイト変態終了温度以下の温度域とした。 【0016】本発明に係る被焼入材の冷却方法は、上記
した知見によってなされたものであり、加熱後の被焼入
材を停止状態で回転冷却する焼入処理時の被焼入材の冷
却方法において、Ac3変態温度以上からマルテンサイト
変態終了温度以下の温度域で、被焼入材を20〜150
rpm の回転数で、少なくとも2種類以上の回転数(低速
から高速への変化を除く)で冷却するものである。 【0017】本発明に係る被焼入材の冷却方法に使用す
る焼入れ装置としては、焼入れ中に回転数を変化させる
ので、被焼入材を所定位置で回転する方式でなければな
らないが、水槽の中に被焼入材を浸漬させて水槽内で回
転焼入れをするものや、被焼入材を大気中の回転装置上
にのせ、被焼入材の内外表面を冷却できるもの等であれ
ば、特に装置の制限はない。 【0018】また、本発明に係る被焼入材の冷却方法に
おいて、被焼入材の焼入れ途中の回転数変化は、高速か
ら低速で、2秒以下で回転数を変化できるものが望まし
い。 【0019】 【実施例】以下、本発明に係る被焼入材の冷却方法の効
果を確認するために行った実施結果について説明する。 【0020】焼入れは、ウォーキングビ−ム式直火焚焼
入れ炉で、所定の温度に下記の継目無鋼管を加熱した
後、ローラにて炉外に抽出し、水面下500mmの位置
に回転装置を設けた水槽に前記鋼管を浸漬することで行
った。継目無鋼管は、重量%で、0.25%C−0.
30%Si−0.5%Mn−1%Cr−0.3%Mo
鋼、および、0.08%C−0.30%Si−1.2
0%Mo鋼で、いずれも長さが12m、外径が244.
5mm、肉厚が11.99mmのものを使用した。その
結果を下記表1に示す。なお、表1には回転させる温度
域や回転数が本発明の範囲を外れた比較例や、2種類以
上の回転数で回転しない従来例も併せて示している。ま
た、表1における最大曲がりは、焼入れ後の鋼管を定盤
上に載せ、定盤と鋼管の最大隙間を測定した値である。 【0021】 【表1】 注1)鋼管のAc3変態点は850℃、鋼管のAc3
態点は860℃である。 注2)鋼管,のマルテンサイト変態終了温度は10
0〜200℃の間である。 注3)温度範囲中の、Aは850〜600℃、Bは88
0〜650℃、Dは850〜25℃、Eは880〜25
℃、Fは600〜25℃、Gは600〜300℃、Hは
650〜25℃、Iは650〜400℃、Jは300〜
25℃、Kは400〜25℃である。 【0022】JIS規格の曲がりの判定基準としては、
製品用途上、処理材1mにつき1mm以下の曲がりが目
安になる。上記した表1より、従来例では25mmもの
曲がりが発生し、焼戻し処理時の搬送トラブルの危険性
があったり、焼戻しによっていくぶんかは曲がり量が少
なくなるとしても、焼戻し後の曲がり矯正が必須とな
る。これによって、操業ロスや過矯正による強度仕様外
れを起こしていたが、本発明によってこれらのロスがな
くなった。なお、比較例では、JIS規格の曲がりの判
定基準を満たしているが、本発明例と比べると、まだ曲
がり量は大きい。なお、上記した表1中の本発明例は、
焼入れ後の鋼管の硬さは、各々の化学成分に見合ったも
のであり、ミクロ組織も所定の組織となっていたことよ
り、十分焼入れされていたことを確認している。 【0023】 【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明に係る被焼
入材の冷却方法によれば、被焼入材を停止した状態で回
転冷却をする場合に、冷却後に、可及的に曲がりを発生
させることがないので、焼戻し処理時の搬送トラブルが
なく、また、焼戻し後の曲がり矯正が不要となる。そし
て、これによって、操業ロスや過矯正による強度仕様外
れもなくなる。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling method for quenching a metal tube. 2. Description of the Related Art Metal pipes, especially steel pipes, are often used for structural purposes and require strength, so that quenching and tempering are usually performed. In particular, seamless steel pipes frequently used in drilling and transportation lines for oil, natural gas and the like are subjected to quenching and tempering treatments for main materials as specified in the API standard. [0003] In the quenching and tempering treatment of a steel pipe, a steel pipe is heated to a predetermined temperature in a quenching furnace, and then the steel pipe is cooled at a required cooling rate by a quenching apparatus mainly using water. Then, a tempering process is performed in a tempering furnace. The quenching device is generally installed on the line of the extraction device of the quenching furnace, or is installed immediately after being carried out of the extraction line, in order to set the quenching start temperature to be higher than the A c3 transformation point of the steel pipe. . Among them, the former performs quenching while transporting a steel pipe, and the latter carries in while transporting a steel pipe in a quenching apparatus, or performs quenching with the steel pipe stopped. [0004] During quenching, a rapid thermal stress is applied to the steel pipe, and a transformation stress is generated due to a structural transformation occurring during the quenching. In addition, when the steel pipe is partially quenched, temperature unevenness may occur. Therefore, after the quenching is completed, the steel pipe is often bent. Then, when the bend occurs, a transport trouble may occur in the tempering process in the next step, or when the bend extremely occurs, the transport may not be performed. Also, after the tempering process, the bending is corrected. However, if the bending is corrected and excessive plastic working is performed, the strength may change, and the strength specification specified in the standard may not be satisfied. Therefore, in order to suppress bending, the steel pipe is rotated at the time of quenching to perform quenching uniformly,
The bend is suppressed by rotating the steel pipe during cooling.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-8487 proposes a method in which a part of a steel pipe is immersed in a cooling medium and quenched while regulating the rotation speed. [0006] However, in the former method, first, when a quenching device is installed on the extraction device of the quenching furnace, a mechanism for rotating the steel pipe in the extraction device is used. It is necessary to have. Usually, a skew angle is generally given to the conveying roller. However, at most, a skew angle of 10 to 30 ° is limited with respect to a pass line. Can only rotate.
If the number of rotations is to be increased positively, a redundant quenching device is required, and the equipment cost is increased. [0007] Further, in the case of performing rotary cooling with the steel pipe stopped, the rotation speed is not limited as described above. Since cooling is performed only from the outer surface side, the inner surface side of the thick-walled pipe becomes insufficiently hardened, and the strength specified by the standard is not satisfied. In order to cope with this, there is a method of injecting cooling water from one end of the steel pipe to the inner surface of the pipe,
Although this method can secure the quenching strength, the quenching start timing is shifted in the axial direction, which prevents bending of the steel pipe. This becomes more remarkable as the steel pipe length becomes longer. In the latter method proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-8487, according to a study by the present inventors, first, a material which undergoes martensitic transformation is selected into a steel pipe, and after heating, a part of the steel pipe is cooled. When the steel pipe was immersed in the steel pipe, a temperature distribution occurred in the steel pipe, causing bending, and the bending was not eliminated after quenching. In other words,
It has been found that the method proposed in No. 1 is not an effective means for preventing bending, and that, for materials that undergo diffusion transformation, such as ferrite + pearlite transformation, large stresses due to transformation stress during quenching. A bend occurred. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and in the case where rotational cooling is performed with the material to be quenched stopped, bending is generated as much as possible after cooling. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method of cooling a material to be hardened without any quenching. [0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a method for cooling a material to be quenched according to the present invention comprises a method for cooling a material to be quenched in a temperature range from an Ac 3 transformation temperature to a martensitic transformation end temperature. The material to be quenched has a rotation speed of 20 to 150 rpm and at least two or more rotation speeds (excluding a change from a low speed to a high speed).
It is supposed to cool down. By doing so, the water vapor film formed at the beginning of quenching can be uniformly removed, and the structural transformation proceeds uniformly over the entire length of the material to be quenched. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As means for suppressing bending during quenching over various steel types, uniform removal of a water vapor film formed at an early stage of quenching and structural transformation progressing uniformly over the entire length are provided. And the like. That is, first, as a first step of quenching, when the material to be quenched and the cooling water contact for the first time, a considerable amount of thermal stress is applied to the material to be quenched. And as a second stage, a water vapor film is formed between the material to be quenched and the cooling water,
This water vapor film can be removed by giving fresh cooling water to the material to be quenched. Next, as a third stage of quenching, the material to be quenched starts to undergo structural transformation. In each of these steps, the order of the rotation of the material to be quenched is simply based on the rotation speed of the material to be quenched irrespective of the dimensions (outer diameter, thickness) and chemical components of the material to be quenched. , At least two types of rotation speeds (excluding the change from low speed to high speed)
The present inventor has found that unless (c) is selected, it will not correspond to each stage. According to experiments by the present inventor, when the rotation speed given to the material to be quenched exceeds 150 rpm, the effect of suppressing the bending gradually increases, but only the drive device is enlarged. At less than 20 rpm, it was found that the bending amount was the same as that of the conventional art. Therefore, in the present invention, the rotation speed given to the material to be quenched is set at 20 to 150 rpm.
And [0015] In the present invention, for the quenching temperature range, and to a quenching starting temperature of HiyakiIrizai A c3 transformation point or higher, in order to industrially controllable range of the cooling water, Martens The temperature range was lower than the site transformation end temperature. The method of cooling the material to be quenched according to the present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned findings. The method of cooling the material to be quenched during the quenching process in which the material to be quenched after heating is rotationally cooled in a stopped state. in the cooling process, martensite transformation finish temperature below the temperature range from above a c3 transformation temperature, to be baked Irizai 20-150
At least two types of rotations (low speed
(Excluding changes from high to high speed) . The quenching apparatus used in the method for cooling the material to be quenched according to the present invention must be of a type in which the material to be quenched is rotated at a predetermined position because the number of revolutions is changed during quenching. If the material to be quenched is immersed in it and then subjected to rotary quenching in a water tank, or if the material to be quenched is placed on a rotating device in the atmosphere and the inner and outer surfaces of the material to be quenched can be cooled, etc. There is no particular limitation on the device. In the method for cooling a material to be quenched according to the present invention, it is desirable that the rotation speed during the quenching of the material to be quenched changes from a high speed to a low speed and can be changed within 2 seconds or less. The results of an experiment performed to confirm the effect of the method of cooling a material to be quenched according to the present invention will be described below. The quenching is performed by heating the following seamless steel pipe to a predetermined temperature in a walking beam type direct-fired quenching furnace, extracting the same from the furnace with a roller, and setting a rotating device at a position 500 mm below the water surface. This was performed by immersing the steel pipe in the provided water tank. Seamless steel pipe is 0.25% C-0.
30% Si-0.5% Mn-1% Cr-0.3% Mo
Steel and 0.08% C-0.30% Si-1.2
0% Mo steel, each having a length of 12 m and an outer diameter of 244.
Those having a thickness of 5 mm and a thickness of 11.99 mm were used. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1 also shows a comparative example in which the temperature range and the number of rotations are out of the range of the present invention, and a conventional example in which the rotation is not performed at two or more kinds of rotation numbers. The maximum bend in Table 1 is a value obtained by placing the quenched steel pipe on a surface plate and measuring the maximum gap between the surface plate and the steel tube. [Table 1] Note 1) The Ac3 transformation point of steel pipe is 850 ° C, and the Ac3 transformation point of steel pipe is 860 ° C. Note 2) The martensitic transformation end temperature of steel pipe is 10
0-200 ° C. Note 3) In the temperature range, A is 850-600 ° C and B is 88.
0 to 650 ° C , D is 850 to 25 ° C, E is 880 to 25
C, F is 600 to 25C, G is 600 to 300C, H is 650 to 25C, I is 650 to 400C, and J is 300 to
25 ° C, K is 400-25 ° C. The criterion for the bending according to the JIS standard is as follows.
For product use, bending of 1 mm or less per 1 m of treated material is a guide. From Table 1 above, occurs bends 25mm ones in accordance come example, or there is a risk of transport problems during tempering, even somewhat less the amount of bending by tempering, straightening after tempering mandatory Becomes As a result, the operation loss and strength specification deviation due to overcorrection were caused. However, according to the present invention, these losses have been eliminated. Although the comparative example satisfies the criterion for the bending according to the JIS standard, the amount of the bending is still larger than that of the example of the present invention. Note that the examples of the present invention in Table 1 described above are as follows:
The hardness of the steel pipe after quenching is appropriate for each chemical component, and the microstructure has a predetermined structure, confirming that the steel pipe has been sufficiently quenched. As described above, according to the method for cooling the material to be quenched according to the present invention, when the material to be quenched is subjected to rotary cooling in a state where the material to be quenched is stopped, it is possible to cool the material after cooling. Since no bending is generated, there is no transport trouble during the tempering process, and it is not necessary to correct the bending after the tempering. This also eliminates loss of operation and loss of strength specifications due to overcorrection.

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 加熱後の被焼入材を停止状態で回転冷却
する焼入処理時の被焼入材の冷却方法において、Ac3
態温度以上からマルテンサイト変態終了温度以下の温度
域で、被焼入材を20〜150rpm の回転数で、少なく
とも2種類以上の回転数(低速から高速への変化を除
く)で冷却することを特徴とする被焼入材の冷却方法。
(57) Claims: 1. A method of cooling the baked Irizai during quenching process of rotating cooling the baked Irizai is stopped after heating, martensite or A c3 transformation temperature In the temperature range equal to or lower than the transformation end temperature, the material to be quenched is rotated at a speed of 20 to 150 rpm and at least two or more types of rotation speed (excluding a change from a low speed to a high speed).
C ) cooling the material to be quenched.
JP07735197A 1997-03-28 1997-03-28 Cooling method of hardened material Expired - Fee Related JP3385901B2 (en)

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