JP3215980B2 - Electrostatic image developer and developing method - Google Patents

Electrostatic image developer and developing method

Info

Publication number
JP3215980B2
JP3215980B2 JP08046991A JP8046991A JP3215980B2 JP 3215980 B2 JP3215980 B2 JP 3215980B2 JP 08046991 A JP08046991 A JP 08046991A JP 8046991 A JP8046991 A JP 8046991A JP 3215980 B2 JP3215980 B2 JP 3215980B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
fine particles
particles
resin
inorganic
oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP08046991A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH04291354A (en
Inventor
弘 山崎
健二 山根
一寿 堀内
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Konica Minolta Inc
Original Assignee
Konica Minolta Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Konica Minolta Inc filed Critical Konica Minolta Inc
Priority to JP08046991A priority Critical patent/JP3215980B2/en
Publication of JPH04291354A publication Critical patent/JPH04291354A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3215980B2 publication Critical patent/JP3215980B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

【0001】[0001]

【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、例えば電子写真法、静
電記録法、静電印刷法等に適用される静電像現像剤、お
よびその静電像現像剤を用いた現像方法に関する。
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrostatic image developer applied to, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, and the like .
And a developing method using the electrostatic image developer .

【0002】[0002]

【従来の技術】例えば電子写真用の静電像現像剤におい
ては、従来、摩擦帯電性を改良するために、磁性着色粒
子に、第1の添加剤としての樹脂微粒子と、第2の添加
剤としての無機微粒子とを添加混合して磁性トナーを構
成する技術が提案されている(特開平1−112255号公報
参照)。しかし、この技術では、第1の添加剤である樹
脂微粒子の研磨力が十分でないため、感光体の表面に付
着した第2の添加剤である無機微粒子を十分にクリーニ
ングすることが困難であった。そこで、本発明者らは、
磁性着色粒子に、疎水性シリカ微粒子と、樹脂微粒子
と、第IVA族の酸化物粒子とを添加混合して磁性トナー
を構成する技術を提案した(特願平2−151521号明細書
参照)。
2. Description of the Related Art For example, in an electrostatic image developer for electrophotography, conventionally, in order to improve triboelectrification, resin particles as a first additive and a second additive are added to magnetic colored particles. A technique has been proposed in which a magnetic toner is constituted by adding and mixing inorganic fine particles as the above (see JP-A-1-112255). However, in this technique, since the polishing power of the resin fine particles as the first additive is not sufficient, it has been difficult to sufficiently clean the inorganic fine particles as the second additive attached to the surface of the photoreceptor. . Thus, the present inventors
A technique for forming a magnetic toner by adding and mixing hydrophobic silica fine particles, resin fine particles, and oxide particles of Group IVA to magnetic colored particles has been proposed (see Japanese Patent Application No. 2-151521).

【0003】[0003]

【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、特願平2−15
1521号明細書の現像剤においてもなお問題のあることが
判明した。すなわち、薄層形成の現像方式に使用した場
合に、現像剤に大きな負荷がかかるため、樹脂微粒子に
対して酸化物粒子が使用に従って付着し、着色粒子の摩
擦帯電性が変化し、画像濃度が経時的に変化し、また現
像剤の補給後においてカブリが発生しやすい問題のある
ことが判明した。
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
It has been found that there is still a problem with the developer disclosed in the specification of Japanese Patent No. 1521. That is, when used in the development method of forming a thin layer, a large load is applied to the developer, so that the oxide particles adhere to the resin fine particles according to the use, the triboelectric charging property of the colored particles changes, and the image density decreases. It has been found that there is a problem that it changes with time and that fogging easily occurs after the replenishment of the developer.

【0004】本発明は以上のような事情に基づいてなさ
れたものであって、その目的は、着色粒子の摩擦帯電性
を安定させ、画像濃度の低下を招来せず、現像剤の補給
後においてカブリの発生しない静電像現像剤を提供する
ことにある。また、本発明の他の目的は、前記の静電像
現像剤を用いた薄層形成の現像方法を提供することにあ
る。
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to stabilize the triboelectricity of colored particles, not to cause a decrease in image density, and to reduce the replenishment of developer. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic image developer free from fogging. Another object of the present invention is to provide the above-mentioned electrostatic image.
To provide a developing method for forming a thin layer using a developer.
You.

【0005】[0005]

【課題を解決するための手段】以上の目的を達成するた
め、本発明の静電像現像剤は、少なくとも樹脂と着色剤
とからなる着色粒子と、樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子
均一に固着されてなり、樹脂微粒子100重量部に対
する無機微粒子の割合が5〜100重量部である複合微
粒子と、シリカ以外の無機酸化物粒子と、疎水性シリカ
微粒子とを含有してなり、着色粒子に対し、複合微粒子
の割合が0.01〜5重量%、無機酸化物粒子の割合が
0.05〜2.0重量%、並びに疎水性シリカ微粒子の
割合が0.01〜1.0重量%であることを特徴とす
る。また、本発明の現像方法は、本発明の静電像現像剤
を用いて、現像領域において層厚が10〜500μmの
トナー層を形成することを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the electrostatic image developer of the present invention comprises colored particles comprising at least a resin and a coloring agent, and inorganic fine particles uniformly adhered to the surface of the resin fine particles. The composite fine particles in which the ratio of the inorganic fine particles to 100 parts by weight of the resin fine particles is 5 to 100 parts by weight, the inorganic oxide particles other than silica, and the hydrophobic silica fine particles are contained. The ratio of the composite fine particles is 0.01 to 5% by weight, the ratio of the inorganic oxide particles is 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, and the ratio of the hydrophobic silica fine particles is 0.01 to 1.0% by weight. It is characterized by the following. Further, the developing method of the present invention is characterized in that a toner layer having a layer thickness of 10 to 500 μm is formed in a developing area using the electrostatic image developer of the present invention.

【0006】[0006]

【作用】本発明者らが鋭意研究を重ねた結果、樹脂微粒
子表面に無機微粒子を均一に固着した複合微粒子を使用
することにより、着色粒子の摩擦帯電性を安定させるこ
とができ、上記問題を解決できることを見出して、本発
明を完成させたものである。すなわち、複合微粒子の表
面は無機微粒子で均一に覆われているため、無機酸化物
粒子が複合微粒子の表面に固着することがなく、そのた
め複合微粒子の表面状態の変化が防止され、着色粒子の
摩擦帯電性が安定したものとなる。
As a result of extensive studies by the present inventors, the use of composite fine particles in which inorganic fine particles are uniformly fixed on the surface of resin fine particles makes it possible to stabilize the triboelectrification of colored particles. The inventors have found that the present invention can be solved and completed the present invention. That is, since the surface of the composite fine particles is uniformly covered with the inorganic fine particles, the inorganic oxide particles do not adhere to the surface of the composite fine particles, so that the surface state of the composite fine particles is prevented from changing, and the friction of the colored particles is reduced. The chargeability becomes stable.

【0007】以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。本発明
においては、少なくとも樹脂と着色剤とからなる着色粒
子と、樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子が均一に固着され
てなる複合微粒子と、シリカ以外の無機酸化物粒子と、
疎水性シリカ微粒子とを用いて静電像現像剤を構成す
る。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically. In the present invention, at least colored particles comprising a resin and a colorant, composite fine particles in which inorganic fine particles are uniformly fixed on the surface of the resin fine particles, and inorganic oxide particles other than silica,
An electrostatic image developer is formed using the hydrophobic silica fine particles.

【0008】本発明に用いられる複合微粒子は、樹脂微
粒子の表面に無機微粒子が均一に固着されてなるもので
ある。複合微粒子を構成する樹脂微粒子としては、クリ
ーニング性および摩擦帯電性の観点から、平均粒径が
0.1〜7μmであることが好ましく、特に0.2〜5
μmが好ましい。なお、樹脂微粒子の平均粒径とは、体
積基準の平均粒径をいい、湿式分散機を備えたレーザ回
折式粒度分布測定装置「ヘロス(HELOS)」(シン
パテック(SYNPATEC)社製)により測定された
ものである。ただし、測定前に、樹脂微粒子の数10m
gを界面活性剤と共に水50mlに分散させ、その後超
音波ホモジナイザー(出力150W)で発熱による再凝
集に注意しながら1〜10分間分散させる前処理を行っ
た。
The composite fine particles used in the present invention are obtained by uniformly fixing inorganic fine particles on the surface of resin fine particles. The resin fine particles constituting the composite fine particles preferably have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 7 μm, particularly preferably 0.2 to 5 from the viewpoints of cleaning properties and triboelectric charging properties.
μm is preferred. The average particle diameter of the resin fine particles refers to an average particle diameter on a volume basis, and is measured by a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer “HELOS” equipped with a wet disperser (manufactured by SYNPATEC). It was done. However, before the measurement, several tens of
g was dispersed in 50 ml of water together with a surfactant, and then a pretreatment was performed for 1 to 10 minutes using an ultrasonic homogenizer (output: 150 W) while paying attention to reaggregation due to heat generation.

【0009】樹脂微粒子を構成する樹脂材料としては、
特に限定されず種々の樹脂が用いられる。例えば、スチ
レン、α−メチルスチレン、ジビニルベンゼン等からな
るスチレン系樹脂、メチルメタクリレート、エチルメタ
クリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、2−エチルヘキシ
ルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート、エチルアクリ
レート、ブチルアクリレート等からなるアクリル系樹
脂、スチレン、α−メチルスチレン、ジビニルベンゼン
等のスチレン系単量体と、メチルメタクリレート、エチ
ルメタクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、2−エチル
ヘキシルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート、エチル
アクリレート、ブチルアクリレート等のアクリル系単量
体との共重合体であるスチレン・アクリル系共重合体、
ジメチルアミノメタクリレート、ジエチルアミノメタク
リレート、ビニルピリジン等を含有する含窒素樹脂、テ
フロン、フッ化ビニリデン等を含有する含フッ素樹脂、
ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン類、
ナイロン樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、ウレア樹脂等が挙げられ
る。
As a resin material constituting the resin fine particles,
Various resins are used without any particular limitation. For example, styrene resin such as styrene, α-methylstyrene, divinylbenzene, etc., methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, acrylic resin such as butyl acrylate, styrene, α A copolymer of a styrene monomer such as methylstyrene and divinylbenzene with an acrylic monomer such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate; A styrene-acrylic copolymer,
Dimethylaminomethacrylate, diethylaminomethacrylate, nitrogen-containing resin containing vinylpyridine and the like, Teflon, fluorine-containing resin containing vinylidene fluoride and the like,
Polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene,
Nylon resin, urethane resin, urea resin and the like can be mentioned.

【0010】以上の樹脂から構成される樹脂微粒子を得
るための手段としては、単量体を使用して乳化重合、懸
濁重合等の重合反応によって合成する方法、樹脂自体を
熱等によって熔融し噴霧し微粒子化する方法、水中など
へ分散することによって所定の粒子サイズにする方法等
が挙げられる。なお、重合法によって樹脂微粒子を製造
する場合には、帯電性を安定化するために、樹脂微粒子
表面に界面活性剤等が残留しないように、いわゆるソー
プフリー重合法が好適に使用されるが、懸濁安定剤を除
去する方法でもよい。
Means for obtaining resin fine particles composed of the above resins include a method of synthesizing a monomer by a polymerization reaction such as emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization, and a method of melting the resin itself by heat or the like. Examples thereof include a method of atomizing by spraying and a method of dispersing in water or the like to obtain a predetermined particle size. In the case where the resin fine particles are produced by a polymerization method, a so-called soap-free polymerization method is preferably used so that a surfactant or the like does not remain on the surface of the resin fine particles in order to stabilize the chargeability. A method of removing the suspension stabilizer may be used.

【0011】複合微粒子を構成する無機微粒子として
は、クリーニング性を高める観点から、平均粒径が1次
平均粒径で5〜200 nmのものが好ましく、特に10〜100
nmのものが好ましい。なお、無機微粒子の1次平均粒径
は、走査型電子顕微鏡により観察して、画像解析により
測定される個数平均粒径をいう。無機微粒子を構成する
無機材料としては、各種無機酸化物、炭化物、窒化物、
ホウ化物等が好適に用いられる。例えば、シリカ、アル
ミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、チタン酸バリウム、チタ
ン酸アルミニウム、チタン酸ストロンチウム、チタン酸
マグネシウム、チタン酸カルシウム、酸化亜鉛、酸化ク
ロム、酸化セリウム、酸化アンチモン、酸化タングステ
ン、酸化スズ、酸化テルル、酸化マンガン、酸化ホウ
素、炭化ケイ素、炭化ホウ素、炭化チタン、窒化ケイ
素、窒化チタン、窒化チタン、窒化ホウ素等が挙げられ
る。
As the inorganic fine particles constituting the composite fine particles, those having an average primary particle size of 5 to 200 nm are preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing the cleaning property, and particularly preferably 10 to 100 nm.
nm is preferred. In addition, the primary average particle diameter of the inorganic fine particles refers to a number average particle diameter measured by image analysis observed with a scanning electron microscope. As the inorganic material constituting the inorganic fine particles, various inorganic oxides, carbides, nitrides,
Borides and the like are preferably used. For example, silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, barium titanate, aluminum titanate, strontium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, cerium oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, tellurium oxide , Manganese oxide, boron oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, titanium nitride, boron nitride and the like.

【0012】樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子を固着する
方法としては、樹脂微粒子と無機微粒子とを混合し、静
電的に樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子を付着させ、次い
で機械的エネルギーを付与して樹脂微粒子の表面に無機
微粒子を固着する方法等が挙げられる。無機微粒子を静
電的に樹脂微粒子の表面に付着させる方法としては、樹
脂微粒子と無機微粒子とを、例えばタービュラーミキサ
ー、レーデイゲミキサー、ヘンシェルミキサー等の混合
機等に投入し撹拌する方法等が挙げられる。機械的エネ
ルギーを付与する方法としては、衝撃式粉砕機を改良し
た「ハイブリダイザー」(奈良機械製作所製)、「オン
グミル」(ホソカワミクロン社製)、「クリプトロン」
(川崎重工社製)等を用いる方法が挙げられる。この機
械的エネルギーの大小によって固着の程度が変化する
が、この機械的エネルギーは、例えば撹拌羽根等の周
速、撹拌時間、処理時の品温等によって調整することが
できる。
As a method of fixing the inorganic fine particles on the surface of the resin fine particles, a method of mixing the resin fine particles and the inorganic fine particles, electrostatically adhering the inorganic fine particles to the surface of the resin fine particles, and then applying mechanical energy thereto. A method of fixing inorganic fine particles to the surface of resin fine particles can be used. Examples of a method for electrostatically adhering the inorganic fine particles to the surface of the resin fine particles include a method in which the resin fine particles and the inorganic fine particles are put into a mixer such as a turbuler mixer, a Laedige mixer, a Henschel mixer or the like, and stirred. No. As a method of applying mechanical energy, "Hybridizer" (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), "Ongmill" (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), "Kryptron", which is an improved impact type pulverizer,
(Manufactured by Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.). The degree of sticking changes depending on the magnitude of the mechanical energy, but the mechanical energy can be adjusted by, for example, the peripheral speed of the stirring blades, the stirring time, the product temperature during processing, and the like.

【0013】樹脂微粒子に対する無機微粒子の添加量
は、樹脂微粒子の表面を均一に覆うことができる量であ
ればよい。具体的には、樹脂微粒子100重量部に対し
て5〜100重量部とされ、無機微粒子の比重によって
も異なるが、特に5〜80重量部が好ましい。例えば無
機微粒子の添加量が過小のときは、複合微粒子の表面が
不均一となり、樹脂部分が複合微粒子表面に多く存在す
る状態となる。このため樹脂微粒子表面に存在する樹脂
部分に疎水性シリカ微粒子や無機酸化物粒子が付着して
表面の状態が変化し、着色粒子の帯電性が経時的に変化
しやすい。特に現像剤の補給後においては元の現像剤と
補給された現像剤との間の帯電性の相違によって現像剤
相互間の摩擦帯電によって逆極性の現像剤が発生し、こ
れが感光体の非画像部に付着してカブリが発生しやすく
なる。一方、無機微粒子の添加量が過大のときは、樹脂
微粒子表面に対して無機微粒子の量が過多となり、遊離
した無機微粒子が発生しやすい。従って、遊離した無機
微粒子が着色粒子に付着して着色粒子の帯電性を変化さ
せて画像濃度の低下が生じやすく、また無機微粒子の感
光体表面への付着によりクリーニング不良が発生しやす
くなる。
The amount of the inorganic fine particles to be added to the resin fine particles may be an amount capable of uniformly covering the surface of the resin fine particles. Specifically, for 100 parts by weight of resin fine particles
5 to 100 parts by weight depending on the specific gravity of the inorganic fine particles.
However, the amount is particularly preferably 5 to 80 parts by weight. For example, when the addition amount of the inorganic fine particles is too small, the surface of the composite fine particles becomes non-uniform, and a large amount of resin portions are present on the surface of the composite fine particles. For this reason, hydrophobic silica fine particles and inorganic oxide particles adhere to the resin portion present on the resin fine particle surface, and the state of the surface changes, and the chargeability of the colored particles tends to change with time. In particular, after the replenishment of the developer, due to the difference in charging property between the original developer and the replenished developer, a developer of opposite polarity is generated due to frictional charging between the developers, which is a non-image on the photosensitive member. Fogging is likely to occur due to adhesion to parts. On the other hand, when the addition amount of the inorganic fine particles is excessive, the amount of the inorganic fine particles becomes excessive with respect to the surface of the resin fine particles, and thus the released inorganic fine particles are easily generated. Accordingly, the released inorganic fine particles adhere to the colored particles and change the chargeability of the colored particles, so that the image density tends to be reduced, and the inorganic fine particles adhere to the surface of the photoreceptor, so that poor cleaning is apt to occur.

【0014】着色粒子に対する複合微粒子の添加量は、
研磨効果によるクリーニング性を高め、かつ着色粒子の
摩擦帯電性を阻害しない観点から、着色粒子に対して
0.01〜5重量%とされ、特に0.01〜2重量%が
好ましい。
The amount of the composite fine particles added to the colored particles is as follows:
From the viewpoint of enhancing the cleaning property by the polishing effect and not hindering the triboelectric charging property of the colored particles, the content is 0.01 to 5% by weight , particularly preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the colored particles.

【0015】本発明に用いられるシリカ以外の無機酸化
物粒子としては、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、チ
タン酸バリウム、チタン酸アルミニウム、チタン酸スト
ロンチウム、チタン酸マグネシウム、チタン酸カルシウ
ム、酸化亜鉛、酸化クロム、酸化セリウム、酸化アンチ
モン、酸化タングステン、酸化スズ、酸化テルル、酸化
マンガン、酸化ホウ素等が挙げられ、特に、第IVA族の
酸化物粒子が好適である。また、無機酸化物粒子は、そ
の表面が疎水化処理されたものであってもよい。無機酸
化物粒子の1次平均粒径は、研磨性の観点から0.00
5〜3μmが好ましい。なお、無機酸化物粒子の1次平
均粒径は、走査型電子顕微鏡により観察して、画像解析
により測定される個数平均粒径をいう。無機酸化物粒子
の添加量は、研磨性およびクリーニング性の観点から、
着色粒子に対して0.05〜2.0重量%とされる。
The inorganic oxide particles other than silica used in the present invention include alumina, titania, zirconia, barium titanate, aluminum titanate, strontium titanate, magnesium titanate, calcium titanate, zinc oxide, chromium oxide, and the like. Examples thereof include cerium oxide, antimony oxide, tungsten oxide, tin oxide, tellurium oxide, manganese oxide, and boron oxide. Particularly, oxide particles of Group IVA are suitable. The surface of the inorganic oxide particles may be subjected to a hydrophobic treatment. The primary average particle diameter of the inorganic oxide particles is 0.00
5 to 3 μm is preferred. In addition, the primary average particle diameter of the inorganic oxide particles refers to a number average particle diameter measured by image analysis observed with a scanning electron microscope. The addition amount of the inorganic oxide particles, from the viewpoint of polishing and cleaning properties,
It is 0.05 to 2.0% by weight based on the colored particles .

【0016】本発明に用いられる疎水性シリカ微粒子
は、シリカ微粒子自体の表面に存在する水酸基等の親水
性基を疎水性置換基で処理することにより疎水化したも
のである。疎水化処理剤としては、ジメチルジクロロシ
ラン、オクチルシラン、ジメチルシラザン、ヘキサメチ
ルジシラザン等が挙げられる。市販品としては、「アエ
ロジルR−972」、「アエロジルR−812」、「ア
エロジルR−805」、「アエロジルR−974」(以
上、デグサ社製)、「タラノックス500」(タラノッ
クス社製)等が挙げられる。疎水性シリカ微粒子の1次
平均粒径は、流動性の向上、感光体の損傷防止の観点か
ら、5〜20nmが好ましい。なお、疎水性シリカ微粒
子の1次平均粒径は、走査型電子顕微鏡により観察し
て、画像解析により測定される個数平均粒径をいう。疎
水性シリカ微粒子の添加量は、流動性およびクリーニン
グ性の向上の観点から、着色粒子に対して0.01〜
1.0重量%とされる。特に、添加量が過大のときは、
疎水性シリカ微粒子が遊離して感光体へ付着し、点状の
汚れ(黒ポチ)となりやすい。一方、添加量が過小のと
きは、流動性が不十分となりやすく、特に薄層形成の現
像方式においては現像性が低下し、画像濃度が低下しや
すい。
The hydrophobic silica fine particles used in the present invention are obtained by treating a hydrophilic group such as a hydroxyl group present on the surface of the silica fine particles themselves with a hydrophobic substituent to make them hydrophobic. Examples of the hydrophobizing agent include dimethyldichlorosilane, octylsilane, dimethylsilazane, and hexamethyldisilazane. Commercially available products include “Aerosil R-972”, “Aerosil R-812”, “Aerosil R-805”, “Aerosil R-974” (above, manufactured by Degussa), “Taranox 500” (manufactured by Taranox), and the like. Is mentioned. The primary average particle diameter of the hydrophobic silica fine particles is preferably from 5 to 20 nm from the viewpoint of improving the fluidity and preventing damage to the photoconductor. In addition, the primary average particle diameter of the hydrophobic silica fine particles refers to a number average particle diameter measured by image analysis observed with a scanning electron microscope. The addition amount of the hydrophobic silica fine particles is preferably 0.01 to
1.0% by weight . In particular, when the addition amount is excessive,
Hydrophobic silica fine particles are liberated and adhere to the photoreceptor, and are likely to become dot-like stains (black spots). On the other hand, when the addition amount is too small, the fluidity tends to be insufficient, and especially in the developing method of forming a thin layer, the developability is reduced, and the image density is likely to be reduced.

【0017】着色粒子は、結着樹脂と、着色剤と、必要
に応じて用いられる荷電制御剤等のその他の添加剤とを
含有してなり、その平均粒径は、通常、1〜30μmの範
囲である。着色粒子を構成する結着樹脂としては、特に
限定されず、従来公知の種々の樹脂が用いられる。例え
ばポリエステル樹脂、スチレン・アクリル系樹脂等が代
表的なものとして挙げられる。着色粒子を構成する着色
剤としては、特に限定されず、従来公知の種々の着色剤
が用いられる。例えばカーボンブラック、ニグロシン染
料、アニリンブルー、カルコオイルブルー、クロムイエ
ロー、ウルトラマリンブルー、デュポンオイルレッド、
キノリンイエロー、メチレンブルークロライド、フタロ
シアニンブルー、マラカイトグリーンオクサレート、ラ
ンプブラック、ローズベンガル等が挙げられる。
The colored particles contain a binder resin, a colorant, and other additives such as a charge control agent used as required. The average particle size of the colored particles is usually 1 to 30 μm. Range. The binder resin constituting the colored particles is not particularly limited, and conventionally known various resins are used. For example, polyester resin, styrene / acrylic resin and the like are typical examples. The colorant constituting the colored particles is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known colorants are used. For example, carbon black, nigrosine dye, aniline blue, calco oil blue, chrome yellow, ultramarine blue, Dupont oil red,
Quinoline yellow, methylene blue chloride, phthalocyanine blue, malachite green oxalate, lamp black, rose bengal and the like.

【0018】その他の添加剤としては、荷電制御剤例え
ばサリチル酸誘導体等の荷電制御剤、低分子量ポリオレ
フィン等の定着性改良剤等が挙げられる。また、磁性ト
ナーを得る場合には、着色粒子中に添加剤として磁性体
粒子が含有される。かかる磁性体粒子としては、平均粒
径が 0.1〜2μmのフェライト、マグネタイト等の粒子
が用いられる。磁性体粒子の添加量は、複合微粒子等の
外部添加剤を除いた状態の着色粒子の通常20〜70重量%
となる範囲である。
Other additives include charge control agents such as salicylic acid derivatives, and fixability improvers such as low molecular weight polyolefins. When a magnetic toner is obtained, magnetic particles are contained in the colored particles as an additive. As such magnetic particles, particles such as ferrite and magnetite having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 2 μm are used. The amount of the magnetic particles added is usually 20 to 70% by weight of the colored particles excluding external additives such as composite fine particles.
Is the range.

【0019】本発明の現像剤は、従来公知の種々の現像
方法と組合せて使用することができるが、特に、薄層形
成の現像方式に好適に使用することができる。薄層を形
成するためには、現像スリーブ表面にトナー層を薄く形
成することが必要である。ここで、薄層は、層厚が2000
μm以下、さらに1000μm以下であることが好ましく、
特に現像領域において、10〜500 μmが好ましい。な
お、トナー層の層厚は、現像スリーブ表面からトナーが
感光体へ移行して現像が行われる位置におけるトナー層
を実体顕微鏡等によって測定された値である。薄層のト
ナー層を現像スリーブ上に形成する手段としては、トナ
ーの磁気力を利用して磁性ブレードを現像スリーブ表面
に対向配置する手段、現像スリーブ表面にトナー層規制
棒を押圧する手段、ウレタンブレードやリン青銅板等を
現像スリーブ表面に接触させる手段等が挙げられる。現
像スリーブ表面と感光体表面の間隙は、トナー層の層厚
よりも大きくても小さくてもよい。また感光体とトナー
層とのギャップは50〜2000μmが好ましい。さらに現像
部においては、DCバイアスのみ、あるいはDCバイア
スとACバイアスの両方を印加してもよい。
Although the developer of the present invention can be used in combination with various conventionally known developing methods, it can be particularly preferably used in a developing method of forming a thin layer. In order to form a thin layer, it is necessary to form a thin toner layer on the surface of the developing sleeve. Here, the thin layer has a thickness of 2000
μm or less, more preferably 1000 μm or less,
Particularly, in the development region, the thickness is preferably 10 to 500 μm. The thickness of the toner layer is a value obtained by measuring the toner layer at a position where the toner is transferred from the surface of the developing sleeve to the photoconductor and development is performed by a stereoscopic microscope or the like. Means for forming a thin toner layer on the developing sleeve include: means for arranging a magnetic blade facing the surface of the developing sleeve by using the magnetic force of toner; means for pressing the toner layer regulating rod against the surface of the developing sleeve; and urethane. Means for bringing a blade, a phosphor bronze plate or the like into contact with the surface of the developing sleeve may be used. The gap between the surface of the developing sleeve and the surface of the photoconductor may be larger or smaller than the thickness of the toner layer. The gap between the photoreceptor and the toner layer is preferably 50 to 2000 μm. Further, in the developing section, only a DC bias or both a DC bias and an AC bias may be applied.

【0020】[0020]

【実施例】以下、さらに具体的な実施例について説明す
るが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではな
い。なお、以下において「部」は「重量部」を表す。
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, more specific examples will be described, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following, “parts” means “parts by weight”.

【0021】複合微粒子H−1 ソープフリー乳化重合法によって合成したアクリル樹脂
微粒子(平均粒径=2.1 μm)からなる樹脂微粒子 100
部と、酸化チタン(1次平均粒径=15nm)からなる無機
微粒子30部とを添加し、これらを高速撹拌装置により混
合して、無機微粒子を樹脂微粒子の表面に静電的に付着
させた。次いで、これらの混合物を「ハイブリダイザ
ー」(奈良機械製作所製)に移して、機械的衝撃力を付
与し、樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子を固着させて、複
合微粒子H−1を得た。
Composite fine particles H-1 Resin fine particles composed of acrylic resin fine particles (average particle size = 2.1 μm) synthesized by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method.
Parts and 30 parts of inorganic fine particles made of titanium oxide (primary average particle size = 15 nm) were added, and these were mixed by a high-speed stirrer to electrostatically adhere the inorganic fine particles to the surfaces of the resin fine particles. . Next, the mixture was transferred to a “Hybridizer” (manufactured by Nara Machinery Co., Ltd.), and a mechanical impact was applied to fix the inorganic fine particles on the surface of the resin fine particles to obtain composite fine particles H-1.

【0022】複合微粒子H−2 複合微粒子H−1において、樹脂微粒子を、ポリエチレ
ン樹脂粒子(平均粒径=2.3 μm)に変更したほかは同
様にして複合微粒子H−2を得た。
Composite Fine Particles H-2 Composite fine particles H-2 were obtained in the same manner as composite fine particles H-1, except that the resin fine particles were changed to polyethylene resin particles (average particle size = 2.3 μm).

【0023】複合微粒子H−3 複合微粒子H−1において、無機微粒子を、酸化アルミ
ニウム(1次平均粒径=20nm)からなる無機微粒子に変
更し、その配合量を50部に変更したほかは同様にして複
合微粒子H−3を得た。
Composite Fine Particles H-3 The same as the composite fine particles H-1, except that the inorganic fine particles were changed to inorganic fine particles made of aluminum oxide (primary average particle size = 20 nm) and the blending amount was changed to 50 parts. Thus, composite fine particles H-3 were obtained.

【0024】複合微粒子H−4 複合微粒子H−1において、無機微粒子を、酸化アルミ
ニウム(1次平均粒径=20nm)からなる無機微粒子に変
更したほかは同様にして複合微粒子H−4を得た。
Composite Fine Particles H-4 Composite fine particles H-4 were obtained in the same manner as composite fine particles H-1, except that the inorganic fine particles were changed to inorganic fine particles made of aluminum oxide (primary average particle size = 20 nm). .

【0025】疎水性シリカ微粒子S−1 シリカ微粒子(1次平均粒径=12nm)の表面をジメチ
ルジクロロシランによって疎水化処理して疎水性シリカ
微粒子S−1を得た。
Hydrophobic Silica Fine Particles S-1 Hydrophobic silica fine particles S-1 were obtained by subjecting the surface of silica fine particles (primary average particle size = 12 nm) to a hydrophobic treatment with dimethyldichlorosilane.

【0026】疎水性シリカ微粒子S−2 疎水性シリカ微粒子S−1において、ジメチルジクロロ
シランを、オクチルシランに変更したほかは同様にして
疎水性シリカ微粒子S−2を得た。
Hydrophobic Silica Fine Particles S-2 Hydrophobic silica fine particles S-2 were obtained in the same manner as the hydrophobic silica fine particles S-1, except that dimethyldichlorosilane was changed to octylsilane.

【0027】疎水性シリカ微粒子S−3 疎水性シリカ微粒子S−1において、ジメチルジクロロ
シランを、ヘキサメチルジシラザンに変更したほかは同
様にして疎水性シリカ微粒子S−3を得た。
Hydrophobic Silica Fine Particles S-3 Hydrophobic silica fine particles S-3 were obtained in the same manner as the hydrophobic silica fine particles S-1, except that hexamethyldisilazane was used in place of dimethyldichlorosilane.

【0028】無機酸化物粒子1〜4 酸化チタン(1次平均粒径=20nm) 、酸化アルミニウム
(1次平均粒径=20nm)、酸化ジルコニウム(1次平均
粒径= 100nm)、チタン酸ストロンチウム(1次平均粒
径=1.0 μm)をそれぞれ無機酸化物粒子1〜4とす
る。
Inorganic oxide particles 1 to 4 Titanium oxide (primary average particle size = 20 nm), aluminum oxide (primary average particle size = 20 nm), zirconium oxide (primary average particle size = 100 nm), strontium titanate ( (Primary average particle size = 1.0 μm) is referred to as inorganic oxide particles 1 to 4, respectively.

【0029】磁性着色粒子1 ポリエステル樹脂 100部と、磁性粉(マグネタイト)50
部と、荷電制御剤(サリチル酸金属塩)1部と、低分子
量ポリプロピレン3部とを混合し、通常の方法によっ
て、練肉、粉砕、分級し、平均粒径が11μmの磁性着色
粒子1を得た。
Magnetic colored particles 1 100 parts of polyester resin and 50 magnetic powder (magnetite)
Parts, 1 part of a charge control agent (metal salt of salicylic acid) and 3 parts of low-molecular-weight polypropylene, and the mixture is ground, crushed, and classified by a usual method to obtain magnetic colored particles 1 having an average particle diameter of 11 μm. Was.

【0030】磁性着色粒子2 磁性着色粒子1において、ポリエステル樹脂を、スチレ
ン・アクリル樹脂に変更したほかは同様にして平均粒径
が11.5μmの磁性着色粒子2を得た。
Magnetic Colored Particles 2 Magnetic colored particles 2 having an average particle size of 11.5 μm were obtained in the same manner as in magnetic colored particles 1 except that the polyester resin was changed to styrene / acrylic resin.

【0031】実施例1〜12および比較例1〜3 後記表1に示す組合せおよび配合量で、磁性着色粒子 1
00部に、複合微粒子と、疎水性シリカと、無機酸化物粒
子とを、高速撹拌機により混合して、1成分系トナーか
らなる本発明の現像剤および比較現像剤を得た。
Examples 1 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 The magnetic colored particles 1 were used in the combinations and amounts shown in Table 1 below.
In 00 parts, the composite fine particles, hydrophobic silica, and inorganic oxide particles were mixed with a high-speed stirrer to obtain a developer of the present invention and a comparative developer composed of a one-component toner.

【0032】[0032]

【表1】 [Table 1]

【0033】評価 有機光導電性感光体と、マグネットローラ固定型の現像
器を備え、ACバイアスを印加する現像方式を採用した
レーザープリンター「LP−3015」(コニカ(株)製)
を使用して評価を行った。薄層の形成手段としては、磁
性ブレード方式のトナー層規制方式を採用し、トナー層
の層厚を 150μmとした。現像器は、直径25mmの現像ス
リーブで内部に4極のマグネットローラーを有し、マグ
ネットローラーは固定で、現像スリーブのみを回転する
方式である。感光体の極性は負極性である。現像の際に
は、感光体電位− 500Vの条件で、− 250VのDCバイ
アスを付与し、さらに周波数2kHz、電圧−50VP-P
〜− 450VP-P のACバイアスを付与した。クリーニン
グ手段としては、ブレード方式を採用した。評価は、2
万回の印字を低温低湿(温度10℃、相対湿度20%)の環
境条件で行い、濃度の推移、クリーニング不良の発生状
況を評価した。濃度は、反射濃度測定機「RD−91
4」(マクベス社製)を使用して反射濃度を測定した。
さらに、5000回の印字ごとに、現像剤の補給を行い、補
給直後の画像を評価し、カブリの有無を目視により判定
した。以上の結果を後記表2に示す。
Evaluation A laser printer "LP-3015" (manufactured by Konica Corporation) equipped with an organic photoconductive photoreceptor and a developing device fixed to a magnet roller and employing a developing method of applying an AC bias.
Was used for evaluation. As a means for forming a thin layer, a toner layer regulation system of a magnetic blade system was adopted, and the layer thickness of the toner layer was set to 150 μm. The developing device is a system in which a developing sleeve having a diameter of 25 mm and a four-pole magnet roller is provided inside, and the magnet roller is fixed and only the developing sleeve is rotated. The polarity of the photoconductor is negative. At the time of development, a DC bias of -250 V is applied under the condition of a photoconductor potential of -500 V, and a frequency of 2 kHz and a voltage of -50 V PP
An AC bias of ~ -450 V PP was applied. As a cleaning means, a blade system was adopted. Evaluation is 2
10,000 printings were performed under low-temperature and low-humidity (temperature: 10 ° C., relative humidity: 20%) environmental conditions, and changes in density and occurrence of defective cleaning were evaluated. The density was measured using a reflection density meter “RD-91”.
The reflection density was measured using "4" (manufactured by Macbeth).
Further, the developer was replenished every 5,000 printings, the image immediately after the replenishment was evaluated, and the presence or absence of fog was visually determined. The above results are shown in Table 2 below.

【0034】[0034]

【表2】 [Table 2]

【0035】以上の表2から明らかなように、本発明の
現像剤によれば、濃度も安定し、クリーニング不良も発
生せず、またトナー補給直後にもカブリのない安定した
画像が得られる。
As is apparent from Table 2 above, according to the developer of the present invention, a stable image having stable density, no defective cleaning, and no fog immediately after toner replenishment can be obtained.

【0036】[0036]

【発明の効果】以上詳細に説明したように、本発明によ
れば、着色粒子の摩擦帯電性を安定させ、画像濃度の低
下を招来せず、現像剤の補給後においてカブリの発生し
ない静電像現像剤を提供することができる。
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the electrostatic charge which stabilizes the triboelectricity of the colored particles, does not cause a decrease in image density, and does not cause fogging after replenishment of the developer. An image developer can be provided.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平1−112255(JP,A) 特開 昭64−91143(JP,A) 特開 昭60−136755(JP,A) 特開 昭63−294570(JP,A) 特開 平1−250963(JP,A) 特開 昭59−222850(JP,A) 特開 昭57−129447(JP,A) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-1-112255 (JP, A) JP-A-64-91143 (JP, A) JP-A-60-136755 (JP, A) JP-A 63-91 294570 (JP, A) JP-A-1-250963 (JP, A) JP-A-59-222850 (JP, A) JP-A-57-129447 (JP, A)

Claims (2)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】(57) [Claims] 【請求項1】 少なくとも樹脂と着色剤とからなる着色
粒子と、樹脂微粒子の表面に無機微粒子が均一に固着さ
れてなり、樹脂微粒子100重量部に対する無機微粒子
の割合が5〜100重量部である複合微粒子と、シリカ
以外の無機酸化物粒子と、疎水性シリカ微粒子とを含有
してなり、 着色粒子に対し、複合微粒子の割合が0.01〜5重量
%、無機酸化物粒子の割合が0.05〜2.0重量%、
並びに疎水性シリカ微粒子の割合が0.01〜1.0重
量%であることを特徴とする静電像現像剤。
An inorganic fine particle is uniformly fixed on the surface of a resin particle and a colored particle comprising at least a resin and a colorant, and the ratio of the inorganic fine particle to 100 parts by weight of the resin fine particle is 5 to 100 parts by weight. It contains composite fine particles, inorganic oxide particles other than silica, and hydrophobic silica fine particles. The ratio of the composite fine particles to the colored particles is 0.01 to 5% by weight, and the ratio of the inorganic oxide particles is 0%. 0.05 to 2.0% by weight,
And an electrostatic image developer wherein the ratio of the hydrophobic silica fine particles is 0.01 to 1.0% by weight.
【請求項2】 請求項1記載の静電像現像剤を用いた薄
層形成の現像方法で、現像領域において層厚が10〜5
00μmのトナー層を形成することを特徴とする現像方
法。
2. A method for developing a thin layer using the electrostatic image developer according to claim 1, wherein the layer thickness is 10 to 5 in a development area.
A developing method comprising forming a 00 μm toner layer.
JP08046991A 1991-03-20 1991-03-20 Electrostatic image developer and developing method Expired - Lifetime JP3215980B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3981919B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2007-09-26 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Toner and image forming apparatus using the same
JP2013092748A (en) 2011-10-26 2013-05-16 Cabot Corp Toner additives comprising composite particles
JP2014041238A (en) * 2012-08-22 2014-03-06 Sakata Corp Toner for electrostatic charge image development and production method of toner for electrostatic charge image development
US9982166B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2018-05-29 Cabot Corporation Metal oxide-polymer composite particles for chemical mechanical planarization

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