JP3151239B2 - Manufacturing method of lightweight unfired aggregate - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of lightweight unfired aggregateInfo
- Publication number
- JP3151239B2 JP3151239B2 JP20076391A JP20076391A JP3151239B2 JP 3151239 B2 JP3151239 B2 JP 3151239B2 JP 20076391 A JP20076391 A JP 20076391A JP 20076391 A JP20076391 A JP 20076391A JP 3151239 B2 JP3151239 B2 JP 3151239B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- ash
- weight
- fired
- bed boiler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、火力発電所等で発生す
る石炭灰のうち、高カルシウム含有の流動床ボイラ−灰
を原料とする、軽量非焼成骨材の製造方法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing a lightweight unfired aggregate using a fluidized bed boiler ash containing high calcium among coal ash generated in a thermal power plant or the like.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】発電方法には、火力、水力、原子力、風
力、地熱などを用いるものがあるが、そのうち、石炭火
力発電は原料である石炭の埋蔵量が豊富であるために、
石油危機以降見直されている。石炭焚きボイラ−は、価
格や安定供給面での長所を持っているが、一方で大気汚
染や石炭灰の処理という問題を抱えている。最近は微粉
炭ボイラのほかに、大気汚染の問題に適応性の高い石灰
石やドロマイトの粉末を燃焼時に加える流動床タイプの
ボイラ−が稼動してきている。。石炭灰は、石炭の燃焼
によって必然的に生じるが、使用石炭量の７〜２０％程
度生じるため、その量は、膨大なものとなる。このた
め、微粉炭ボイラ−灰の有効利用技術については、従来
種々の研究がなされた。2. Description of the Related Art There are power generation methods using thermal power, hydraulic power, nuclear power, wind power, geothermal power, etc. Among them, coal-fired power generation has abundant reserves of coal as a raw material.
It has been reviewed since the oil crisis. Coal-fired boilers have advantages in terms of price and stable supply, but have problems of air pollution and treatment of coal ash. Recently, in addition to pulverized coal boilers, fluidized bed boilers that add limestone or dolomite powder that is highly adaptable to the problem of air pollution during combustion have been operating. . Coal ash is inevitably generated by combustion of coal, but the amount of coal ash is enormous because it is generated at about 7 to 20% of the amount of coal used. For this reason, various studies have been made on the technology for effectively utilizing the pulverized coal boiler ash.
【０００３】コンクリ−ト用混和材、セメント原料、路
盤材、断熱材、特殊硬化体などが、その典型である。そ
の中で、骨材については、人工軽量焼成骨材の研究があ
り、現在商品化されている。非焼成骨材についても、ア
ルカリ刺激材を用いる提案がある。これに対して、流動
床ボイラ−灰のような高カルシウム灰に関する有効利用
技術の研究は余り多くない。普通の微粉炭灰と異なり、
水と接触すると発熱固化し、比重が小さいため、ハンド
リングが悪く、灰処分は大きな問題となっている。ま
た、通常、人工軽量骨材は、膨張頁岩を焼成して製造す
るが、普通骨材や天然軽量骨材に比べて、３倍程度の価
格となるため、大量に使用されるまでになっていない。[0003] Typical examples thereof include admixtures for concrete, raw materials for cement, roadbed materials, heat insulating materials, special cured products, and the like. Among them, as for the aggregate, there has been research on artificial lightweight fired aggregate, which is currently being commercialized. Regarding non-fired aggregates, there is a proposal to use an alkali stimulant. On the other hand, there is not much research on effective utilization techniques for high calcium ash such as fluidized bed boiler ash. Unlike ordinary fine coal ash,
When it comes into contact with water, it heats and solidifies, and its specific gravity is low, so handling is poor and ash disposal is a major problem. In addition, artificial lightweight aggregates are usually produced by firing expanded shale, but they are about three times as expensive as ordinary aggregates and natural lightweight aggregates. Absent.
【０００４】また、微粉炭焚きボイラ−灰は、主成分が
ＳｉＯ2 であるため、単独では水硬性を示さないが、消
石灰のようなアルカリ刺激材が存在すると、ポゾラン反
応により組織が緻密化する。また、セメントや消石灰等
のカルシウム源と石膏を添加して、エトリンガイトが生
成するように配慮した研究もある。然し乍ら、微粉炭灰
を用いた骨材製造の場合、石炭灰単独では硬化しないた
め、各種混合設備が必要となり、原料費も高くなる。微
粉炭灰を用いた焼成骨材又は非焼成骨材は、土木、建築
用途の構造用人工軽量骨材に使用できるように、性質、
特に強度、吸水率、耐久性を改良する必要がある。この
ため、骨材の絶乾比重は、１．３〜１．７程度とやや大
きくなり、積極的に骨材を軽くしようとする試みはな
い。Further, pulverized coal-fired boiler ash does not exhibit hydraulic properties by itself because it is mainly composed of SiO 2 , but when an alkali stimulant such as slaked lime is present, the structure is densified by the pozzolanic reaction. . In addition, there is a study in which a calcium source such as cement or slaked lime and gypsum are added so that ettringite is formed. However, in the case of aggregate production using fine coal ash, coal ash alone does not harden, so various mixing facilities are required, and the cost of raw materials also increases. Fired or non-fired aggregates using pulverized coal ash have properties,
In particular, it is necessary to improve strength, water absorption, and durability. For this reason, the absolute dry specific gravity of the aggregate slightly increases to about 1.3 to 1.7, and there is no attempt to actively reduce the aggregate.
【０００５】通常の頁岩等を原料とする人工軽量骨材で
は、従来、造粒タイプで製造するものがあるが、更に起
泡材を添加することにより軽量化した製品があった。し
かし、流動床ボイラ−灰のような高カルシウム灰は、Ｃ
ａＯのため活性が高すぎて、コンクリ−ト中に使用する
際に不都合が生ずるため、焼成骨材の製造には使用でき
ない。非焼成骨材では起泡材を使用したり、軽量増量材
を添加したりして軽量化を図ることは可能であるが、製
造費や材料費の面でコストアップにつながり、天然軽量
骨材に比べて優位でなかった。Conventional artificial lightweight aggregates made of ordinary shale and the like are conventionally manufactured in a granulated type, but there have been products whose weight has been reduced by further adding a foaming material. However, high calcium ash, such as a fluidized bed boiler ash, is
Since the activity is too high due to aO, it causes inconvenience when used in concrete and cannot be used for the production of fired aggregate. For non-fired aggregates, it is possible to reduce the weight by using a foaming material or by adding a weight-increasing material, but this leads to increased costs in terms of manufacturing costs and material costs. Was not superior to.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】本発明は、上記の問題
点を解決するためになされたもので、大量に発生する流
動床ボイラ−灰を使用して、安価に絶乾比重０．８〜
１．３に調整された軽量非焼成骨材を製造する方法を提
供することを目的にする。即ち、高カルシウム含有のボ
イラ−灰は、その消化反応の速度を抑制すると、即ち、
例えば、反応中に空気を吹き込んで、反応熱を逃がし、
温度の上昇を抑制すると、気泡が少ない軽量の非焼成骨
材が形成することを見出し、この見地から、本発明を成
し、造粒工程の後に水和反応を温度上昇を抑制しながら
行ない、より軽量の非焼成骨材を形成して、解決したも
のである。従って、本発明は、新たな原料を用いた軽量
非焼成骨材の新規な製造方法を提供することを目的にす
る。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and uses a fluidized-bed boiler ash generated in a large amount to obtain an inexpensive absolute dry gravity of 0.8 to less.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate adjusted to 1.3. That is, boiler ash containing high calcium suppresses the rate of its digestion reaction, that is,
For example, air is blown during the reaction to release the heat of the reaction,
When suppressing the rise in temperature, it was found that a light-weight non-fired aggregate with less air bubbles was formed.From this viewpoint, the present invention was made, and the hydration reaction was performed after the granulation step while suppressing the rise in temperature. The solution was to form a lighter unfired aggregate. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate using a new raw material.
【０００７】[0007]
【課題を解決するための手段】従って、本発明は、前記
のような、上記の技術的課題の解決のために成されたも
ので、流動床ボイラーで排出される高カルシウムの流動
床ボイラー灰に、水あるいは水含有の造粒剤を添加し、
その後の造粒処理工程では、前記流動床ボイラー灰に含
有される生石灰の消火反応による温度上昇を、空気ブロ
ーすることにより、抑制しながら、常圧水蒸気養生する
のみで、前記の骨材の絶対乾燥比重を、０．８〜１．３
の範囲に制御、調整することを特徴とする、０．８〜
１．３の範囲の絶対乾燥比重を有する軽量非焼成骨材の
製造方法を提供する。そして、前記流動床ボイラー灰
は、生石灰を２０〜５０重量％含有し、ブレーン値１５
００〜６０００cm 2 ／ｇのサイクロンから排出されたボ
イラー灰が好適である。また、 前記流動床ボイラー灰
は、成分調整のために予めシリカフューム、石膏、又
は、アルミン酸カルシウム(Ｃ 12 Ａ 7 ）の調整粉体を、各
々、２０重量％以下混合するか、或いは、前記造粒剤に
溶解させるものが好適である。更に、製造された軽量非
焼成骨材に、ポリマーを含浸させ、該骨材の吸水率を下
げることが好適である。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and has a high calcium fluidized bed boiler ash discharged from a fluidized bed boiler. Add water or a water-containing granulating agent to
In the subsequent granulation process, the fluidized-bed boiler ash is contained.
The rise in temperature due to the fire extinguishing reaction of
By normal pressure steam curing while controlling
Alone, the absolute dry specific gravity of the aggregate is 0.8 to 1.3.
Characterized in that it is controlled and adjusted in the range of 0.8 to 0.8.
Of a lightweight unfired aggregate having an absolute dry specific gravity in the range of 1.3
A manufacturing method is provided. And the fluidized bed boiler ash
Contains 20-50% by weight quicklime and has a Blaine value of 15
Bore discharged from a cyclone of 00 to 6000 cm 2 / g
Iler ash is preferred. In addition, the fluidized bed boiler ash
In advance, silica fume, gypsum, or
Prepared calcium aluminate (C 12 A 7 ) powder
20% by weight or less, or mixed with the granulating agent
Those that dissolve are preferred. In addition, the lightweight non-manufactured
The impregnated polymer is impregnated into the fired aggregate to reduce the water absorption of the aggregate.
It is preferred that
【０００８】本発明者らは、近年新しく発生するように
なった高カルシウム含有の流動床ボイラ−灰の有効利用
方法を検討した際、偶然にも該ボイラ−灰に含まれる生
石灰の消化反応を制御することにより、簡単且つ安価
に、軽量非焼成骨材の比重を調整、制御することができ
ることを発見した。The present inventors, when examining a method for effectively utilizing a fluidized bed boiler ash containing a high calcium content, which has recently been newly generated, happened to examine the digestion reaction of quicklime contained in the boiler ash. It has been discovered that by controlling the specific gravity of the lightweight non-fired aggregate can be adjusted and controlled simply and inexpensively.
【０００９】本発明の方法では、流動床で石灰分と一緒
に燃焼された石炭灰を用いるもので、一般に、石炭灰の
性状は、ボイラ−形式、石炭の種類、燃焼状態、採取場
所等により変化する。これまで、ボイラ−形式としては
微粉炭焚きが主流であったが、近年公害問題との絡みで
流動床タイプが増加している。流動床ボイラ−から排出
される石炭灰は、成分的に高カルシウム含有が特徴であ
り、生石灰や石膏の形で存在している。生石灰は乾燥材
や土壌改良材として使用されるが、水と急激に消化反応
を起こし、場合によっては、短時間に発熱、固化するた
め危険である。流動床ボイラ−灰に含有する生石灰は、
石膏の影響により反応性はやや低くなっているが、かな
り低温で焼かれるため、反応性は高いと考えられる。In the method of the present invention, coal ash burned together with lime in a fluidized bed is used. In general, the properties of coal ash depend on the type of boiler, type of coal, combustion state, sampling location, and the like. Change. Until now, pulverized coal combustion has been the mainstream boiler type, but in recent years the fluidized bed type has increased due to pollution problems. Coal ash discharged from a fluidized-bed boiler is characterized by a high calcium content as a component and exists in the form of quicklime and gypsum. Although quicklime is used as a desiccant or a soil conditioner, it rapidly undergoes a digestive reaction with water, and in some cases is dangerous because it generates heat and solidifies in a short time. The quicklime contained in the fluidized bed boiler ash is
Although the reactivity is slightly lower due to the effect of gypsum, it is considered that the reactivity is high because it is baked at a considerably low temperature.
【００１０】流動床ボイラ−灰は、採取場所、炭種、運
転状態により成分が変動するが、生石灰を含有する点
は、共通である。生石灰を用いて硬化体を得る場合、消
化して消石灰として使用することが多い。また、消化の
際に発熱することを利用して、養生効率を高める研究も
なされているが、いずれも、生石灰の反応が速いことを
前提として、混練するときに、主要な反応を終わらせる
ようにしている。一方、流動床ボイラ−灰では、反応が
相対的に遅く、消化反応は硬化体成形後に起こると考え
られる。硬化体が骨材になるときには、造粒した後、１
５〜６０分で消化の反応発熱が見られる。その消化反応
の際に、骨材をマスとして保管すると温度上昇が激しく
なり、消化も相乗効果で急激に進む。骨材が放熱するよ
うに保管した場合、例えば、平面的に広げて保管したよ
うな時には、消化反応も徐々にしか進まない。これは、
骨材のように単体が小さいためにできることで、立体的
に大きな硬化体では遅延剤を加えることが最低限必要で
ある。The components of the fluidized bed boiler ash vary depending on the place of sampling, the type of coal, and the operating conditions, but the common point is that it contains quicklime. When a hardened body is obtained using quick lime, it is often digested and used as slaked lime. In addition, research has been conducted to increase the curing efficiency by utilizing the heat generated during digestion, but in all cases, assuming that the reaction of quick lime is fast, the main reaction is to be terminated when kneading. I have to. On the other hand, in the fluidized-bed boiler ash, the reaction is relatively slow, and it is considered that the digestion reaction occurs after the formation of the cured product. When the cured body becomes aggregate, after granulation, 1
The exothermic reaction of digestion is observed in 5 to 60 minutes. During the digestion reaction, if the aggregate is stored as a mass, the temperature rises sharply, and the digestion proceeds rapidly with a synergistic effect. When the aggregate is stored so as to dissipate heat, for example, when it is spread and stored in a plane, the digestive reaction proceeds only gradually. this is,
Since it is possible because the size of a simple substance is small like an aggregate, it is necessary to add a retarder to a three-dimensionally large cured product at least.
【００１１】このようにして得られた骨材を調べると、
消化する時の温度上昇程度によって、骨材の比重レベル
が異なっていた。即ち、温度上昇が激しい場合には、骨
材の絶乾比重が小さく、徐々に反応させ急激な温度上昇
がない場合には、相対的に絶乾比重が大きくなった。こ
のような見地から、消化工程での温度上昇を抑制するこ
とにより、骨材の比重を調整し、安価に骨材を製造でき
ることが分かる。本技術は、通常の人工軽量骨材よりも
軽い骨材、即ち絶乾比重０．８〜１．３に調整された軽
量非焼成骨材に適用するのが適当である。Examining the aggregate thus obtained,
The specific gravity level of the aggregate was different depending on the temperature rise during digestion. That is, when the temperature rise was sharp, the absolute specific gravity of the aggregate was small, and when there was no rapid temperature increase after the reaction, the absolute dry specific gravity was relatively large. From such a viewpoint, it can be understood that by suppressing the temperature increase in the digestion process, the specific gravity of the aggregate can be adjusted and the aggregate can be manufactured at low cost. The present technology is suitably applied to an aggregate that is lighter than a normal artificial lightweight aggregate, that is, a lightweight non-fired aggregate that is adjusted to a specific gravity of 0.8 to 1.3.
【００１２】本発明の軽量非焼成骨材の製造方法を行な
うために用いる材料、即ち、流動床ボイラ−灰は、前記
のように、炭種、採取場所により性状が異なる。集塵さ
れるボイラ−灰には、サイクロン灰やバグハウス灰が考
えられるが、サイクロン灰の方が、生石灰量が多く、粗
く、未燃焼炭素量が少なく好適である。また、流動床ボ
イラ−灰は、通常の微粉炭焚きボイラ−灰と異なり、灰
の粒子形状が極端に悪い。このような流動床ボイラ−灰
の特徴を生かして、軽い骨材を製造するには、生石灰を
２０〜５０％含有し、ブレ−ン値が、１５００〜６００
０ｃｍ2／ｇ であるサイクロン灰を原料とするのが望ま
しい。生石灰量が少なくなると骨材としての強度が低く
なり、多過ぎると比重制御が困難になる。また、ブレ−
ン値が小さ過ぎると反応が鈍くなり、逆に大き過ぎると
反応が速過ぎ、制御が困難になる。As described above, the material used for carrying out the method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate of the present invention, that is, the fluidized-bed boiler ash, has different properties depending on the type of coal and the place of collection. Cyclone ash and baghouse ash can be considered as boiler ash to be collected. Cyclone ash is preferable because it has a large amount of quicklime, is coarse, and has a small amount of unburned carbon. Further, the fluidized-bed boiler ash differs from ordinary pulverized coal-fired boiler ash in that the ash particle shape is extremely poor. In order to produce a light aggregate by utilizing the characteristics of the fluidized bed boiler ash, the lime content is 20 to 50% and the brain value is 1500 to 600.
It is desirable to use a cyclone ash of 0 cm 2 / g as a raw material. If the amount of quicklime is small, the strength as an aggregate is low, and if it is too large, specific gravity control becomes difficult. In addition,
If the reaction value is too small, the reaction becomes slow, while if it is too large, the reaction becomes too fast and control becomes difficult.
【００１３】また、流動床ボイラ−灰は、産業廃棄物で
あるから、成分が如何なる場合でも、安定しているとは
言えない。工業的に本発明による骨材を製造する場合
に、骨材としての性状のバラツキを小さくするために
は、成分調整用粉体で連続的に成分を調整することが望
ましい。本発明による軽量非焼成骨材の強度発現機構
は、ポゾラン反応とエトリンガイトの生成反応であるか
ら、成分調整用粉体としては、シリカフュ−ム、石膏、
アルミン酸カルシウム（Ｃ12Ａ7)が利用できる。これら
の物質を、流動床ボイラ−灰の成分特性に応じて適宜選
択して、それらを各々２０重量％以下の量添加すること
ができる。添加量が、２０重量％を超すと、簡単で安価
であるという特徴が損なわれる。添加の方法としては、
粉体として混合する場合と溶液として、水等の造粒剤に
混合する場合が可能である。[0013] Fluid bed boiler ash is an industrial waste, so it cannot be said to be stable regardless of the components. When the aggregate according to the present invention is manufactured industrially, it is desirable to continuously adjust the components with the component adjusting powder in order to reduce the variation in the properties of the aggregate. The strength expression mechanism of the lightweight non-calcined aggregate according to the present invention is a pozzolanic reaction and a reaction of forming ettringite. Therefore, as the component adjusting powder, silica fume, gypsum,
Calcium aluminate (C 12 A 7 ) can be used. These substances can be appropriately selected according to the component characteristics of the fluidized-bed boiler ash, and each can be added in an amount of 20% by weight or less. If the amount exceeds 20% by weight, the feature of being simple and inexpensive is impaired. As a method of addition,
Mixing as a powder and mixing as a solution with a granulating agent such as water are possible.
【００１４】本発明で得られる軽量非焼成骨材は、骨材
内部から骨材表面までほとんど均質な構造となってお
り、焼成タイプの人工軽量骨材のように硬い外殻を有し
ていない。そのため、天然の軽量骨材のように気泡が連
続する傾向があり、水分の吸水或いは逸脱が速い傾向が
ある。また、骨材としては、吸水率が小さく、吸放水速
度が遅い方が望ましいため、表面を緻密化することは良
い。ポリマ−によるコ−ティングや含浸法は、その代表
的方法である。従来、人工軽量骨材をポンプ圧送すると
きの圧力吸水性を低減させる方法として検討された例が
ある。本発明による軽量非焼成骨材では、表面部まで空
隙があり、エマルジョン或いは水溶性ポリマ−の浸入が
容易であるため、含浸し易く、また、含浸による吸水性
の改善効果が著しいと想像される。The lightweight non-fired aggregate obtained by the present invention has an almost uniform structure from the inside of the aggregate to the surface of the aggregate, and does not have a hard outer shell unlike the artificial lightweight aggregate of the fired type. . Therefore, air bubbles tend to be continuous like natural lightweight aggregates, and water absorption or desorption tends to be fast. In addition, as the aggregate, it is desirable that the water absorption rate is small and the water absorption / desorption rate is low, so that the surface is preferably densified. Coating and impregnation with a polymer are typical methods. Conventionally, there is an example that has been studied as a method for reducing the pressure water absorption when pumping artificial lightweight aggregate. The lightweight non-fired aggregate according to the present invention has voids up to the surface and is easy to penetrate the emulsion or the water-soluble polymer, so that it is easy to impregnate, and it is supposed that the effect of improving water absorption by impregnation is remarkable. .
【００１５】従って、本発明の軽量非焼成骨材の製造方
法は、前記のように流動床ボイラ−灰内に含有する生石
灰の反応による発熱を抑制、制御することを特徴とす
る。一般に、生石灰は急激な反応を起こすことで知られ
ているが、本発明の方法で利用する流動床ボイラ−灰に
含有する生石灰は、石膏による影響で反応が鈍くなって
いる。従って、その反応速度を保管状況や通風、散水と
いった簡単な操作、処理で抑制することができる。ま
た、流動床ボイラ−灰独特の成分組成、即ちＣａＯ、Ｓ
ｉＯ2 、ＳＯ3 、Ａｌ2Ｏ3を大量に含む点、及び硬化体
の対象が、骨材という比較的小さい形状を有し、集合体
中に空間が多いものである点も、本発明を構成する重要
な要素となっている。これらの複合効果により、軽量非
焼成骨材の比重を簡単且つ安価に制御することができ
る。Therefore, the method of the present invention for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate is characterized in that heat generation due to the reaction of quicklime contained in a fluidized bed boiler ash is suppressed and controlled as described above. In general, quicklime is known to cause a rapid reaction, but quicklime contained in the fluidized-bed boiler ash used in the method of the present invention has a slow reaction due to the effect of gypsum. Therefore, the reaction speed can be suppressed by simple operations and processes such as storage conditions, ventilation, and water sprinkling. Further, the fluidized bed boiler-ash has a unique component composition, that is, CaO, S
The point that the present invention includes a large amount of iO 2 , SO 3 , and Al 2 O 3 , and that the object of the hardened body has a relatively small shape of an aggregate and has a large space in the aggregate is also the present invention. It is an important element to make up. By these combined effects, the specific gravity of the lightweight non-fired aggregate can be controlled simply and inexpensively.
【００１６】次に、本発明の軽量非焼成骨材の製造方法
を具体的に実施例により説明するが、本発明はそれらに
よって限定されるものではない。Next, the method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】下記のような成分の流動床ボイラ−灰を用い
て、本発明の方法により、パン型造粒機で造粒した。表１ ＳｉＯ 2 Ａｌ 2Ｏ 3 ＣａＯ Ｃ ＳＯ 3 強熱減量 組成(重量％) 40.69 17.15 26.28 5.59 5.13 7.15 従って、計算上、ＣａＯ：２０．０重量％、ＣａＣ
Ｏ3：４．８重量％、ＣａＳＯ4：８．７重量％となる。EXAMPLES A fluidized-bed boiler ash having the following components was granulated by a bread granulator according to the method of the present invention. Table 1 SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 CaO C SO 3 Loss on ignition composition (wt%) 40.69 17.15 26.28 5.59 5.13 7.15 Thus, computational, CaO: 20.0 wt%, CaC
O 3 : 4.8% by weight and CaSO 4 : 8.7% by weight.
【００１８】更に、この造粒物を、各々、表２に示す各
条件で３時間以上保管した後に、８０℃で５時間蒸気養
生して得た人工軽量骨材について、軽量非焼成骨材とし
ての絶乾比重、吸水率を測定した結果を表２に示す。ま
た、造粒条件として、水とボイラ−灰の比率、及び、各
々、用いた造粒機のパンの直径をｃｍで示す。なお、骨
材は、最大粒径２０ｍｍとした。各々の保管条件で、各
保管温度に抑制、調整するためには、造粒物を積む厚さ
を変化させることにより行なった。また、保管時の最高
温度とは、各々の保管条件における造粒物の温度であ
る。尚、実施例６は、流動床ボイラ−灰の内割りで、２
０重量％の早強ポルトランドセメントを添加したものを
用いたものである。Further, after storing the granulated material under the conditions shown in Table 2 for at least 3 hours and then steam curing at 80 ° C. for 5 hours, an artificial lightweight aggregate obtained as a lightweight unfired aggregate was obtained. Table 2 shows the results of measuring the absolute dry gravity and the water absorption of the sample. As granulation conditions, the ratio of water to boiler-ash and the diameter of the pan of the granulator used are indicated in cm. The aggregate had a maximum particle size of 20 mm. In order to control and adjust to each storage temperature under each storage condition, the storage temperature was adjusted by changing the thickness of the granules. The maximum temperature during storage refers to the temperature of the granulated material under each storage condition. In Example 6, the fluidized-bed boiler was divided into two parts by ash.
It uses a material to which 0% by weight of early strength Portland cement is added.
【００１９】更に、同じ組成のボイラ−灰を用いて、造
粒しないで、骨材より大きい硬化体である径５ｃｍ×高
さ１０ｃｍの円筒形供試体を、表３に示す各養生処理条
件により、実施例７〜１０（比較例）として、作製し
た。この場合、硬化体の温度制御は蒸気養生槽で強制的
に行なったものである。この円筒形供試体について、各
蒸気養生前置条件と、配合条件及び８０℃で５時間蒸気
養生した後、１日経過後及び２８日経過後の比重変化と
強度変化を示す。Furthermore, using a boiler ash of the same composition, a cylindrical specimen having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm, which is a hardened body larger than the aggregate, was not granulated under the respective curing treatment conditions shown in Table 3. , Examples 7 to 10 (comparative examples). In this case, the temperature control of the cured body was forcibly performed in a steam curing tank. The specific gravity change and strength change of the cylindrical specimen after steam curing at the pre-conditions, blending conditions and 80 ° C. for 5 hours after 1 day and 28 days have elapsed are shown.
【００２０】[0020]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００２１】表２から次のことが明らかである。即ち、
造粒した後の保管する経過時間において、生石灰の反応
により、造粒体の温度上昇が大きくなると、骨材として
の比重が小さくなる。また、使用する造粒機の造粒条件
により造粒に適したＷ／Ｆ率が変化し、得られる軽量非
焼成骨材の性質も変わるが、その場合にも温度上昇と骨
材比重の関係は認められる。また、保管時の最高温度
は、種々の保管条件即ち保管時の層厚や通風の処理条件
等によって変えることができるが、保管方法の差による
影響は小さいと想像される。The following is clear from Table 2. That is,
If the temperature rise of the granulated body increases due to the reaction of quick lime during the storage time after granulation, the specific gravity of the aggregate decreases. In addition, the W / F ratio suitable for granulation changes depending on the granulation conditions of the granulator used, and the properties of the obtained lightweight non-fired aggregate also change. In this case, too, the relationship between the temperature rise and the specific gravity of the aggregate is changed. Is allowed. Further, the maximum temperature during storage can be changed according to various storage conditions, that is, the layer thickness during storage, the processing conditions of ventilation, and the like, but it is supposed that the difference due to the difference in storage method is small.
【００２２】表３の比較例の結果は、対象とする軽量非
焼成骨材（硬化体）の大きさが、大きくなった場合を示
し、硬化体内の温度の制御は困難であり、蒸気養生槽に
より、湿度１００％の雰囲気温度を強制的に制御したも
のである。一方、使用した径５ｃｍ×高さ１０ｃｍの円
筒供試体を空気中に保管した場合では、成形後約２０分
で９０℃まで温度上昇することが確かめられている。The results of the comparative examples in Table 3 show the case where the size of the target light-weight non-fired aggregate (cured body) was increased, and it was difficult to control the temperature in the cured body. Thus, the ambient temperature of 100% humidity is forcibly controlled. On the other hand, when the used cylindrical specimen having a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 10 cm is stored in the air, it has been confirmed that the temperature rises to 90 ° C. in about 20 minutes after molding.
【００２３】この自己発熱のピ−クを挾んで温度制御し
たが、硬化体の比重変化は小さい。このことにより、本
発明の生石灰反応時の温度制御は、骨材のように比較的
に小さい製品の製造のときに効果を発揮することができ
る。Although the temperature was controlled with the peak of self-heating, the change in the specific gravity of the cured product was small. Thus, the temperature control at the time of the quick lime reaction of the present invention can be effective when a relatively small product such as an aggregate is manufactured.
【００２４】更に、実施例で使用した流動床ボイラ−灰
に、成分調整のために予め、普通セメント（Ｃ）、急硬
材（コ−カエ−ス、登録商標）（Ｋ）、シリカフューム
（Ｓ）、消石灰（Ｐ）、無水石膏（Ａ）の調整粉体を、
各々、０〜２０重量％混合したものを用いて、径５ｃｍ
×高さ１０ｃｍの円筒供試体を成形し、３時間以上保持
する温度を２０℃に保った後に、蒸気養生槽に入れ、５
時間８０℃に保持した。得られた硬化体の比重及び強度
等を測定した結果を表４に示す。尚、急硬材は、主成分
がＣ12Ａ7 アルミン酸カルシウムであり、三菱マテリア
ル社製のコ−カエ−ス（登録商標）を用いた。また、シ
リカフュ−ムは、エルケム社製であり、顆粒状のもので
ある。また、無水石膏は、天然のものを用いた。Further, the fluidized-bed boiler ash used in the examples was previously mixed with ordinary cement (C), rapidly hardened wood (Cocaace, registered trademark) (K), silica fume (S) for component adjustment. ), Slaked lime (P), anhydrous gypsum (A)
Each having a diameter of 5 cm using a mixture of 0 to 20% by weight.
× A cylindrical specimen having a height of 10 cm is formed, and after maintaining the temperature for maintaining for 3 hours or more at 20 ° C., it is placed in a steam curing tank, and
It was kept at 80 ° C. for a time. Table 4 shows the measurement results of the specific gravity, strength, and the like of the obtained cured product. Incidentally, rapid hardwood, the main component is C 12 A 7 calcium aluminate, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation co - frog - Using scan (registered trademark). The silica fume is manufactured by Elchem Co., Ltd. and has a granular shape. In addition, natural gypsum was used as the anhydrous gypsum.
【００２５】表４において、例えば、Ｃ５は、普通セメ
ント５重量％を添加したボイラ−灰を用いて、前記のよ
うに成形したものであることを示す。従って、表４は、
各々普通セメント（Ｃ）：５重量％、１０重量％、２０
重量％と急硬材（Ｋ）：５重量％、１０重量％とシリカ
フューム（Ｓ）：５重量％、１０重量％と、消石灰
（Ｐ）：５重量％、１０重量％と、無水石膏（Ａ）：５
重量％、１０重量％とを添加したボイラ−灰の実施例に
ついて測定したものである。単重は、単位容積重量を意
味し、単位容積当たりの混練物の重量をいい、上記混練
物を所定容器（４００ＣＣ）に入れた時の重量を、その
容積で割ったものである。また、比重は、強度試験用供
試体重量と体積から計算した。また、フロ−値は、上記
の混練物をセメントの物理試験と同様に、フロ−テ−ブ
ル上の中央位置に正しく置いたフロ−コ−ンに２層に詰
めた後、１５秒間に１５回落下運動を与え、該混練物の
広がった範囲の径の最大値とこれに直角方向の径を測定
し、その平均値（ｍｍ）を無名数の整数で表わしたもの
である。表４に示された結果から、単一粉体で１０〜２
０重量％の添加では、極端な悪影響がないことが確認さ
れた。このようなことから、成分調整用粉体の添加量と
しては、各々２０重量％以下とするのが好適である。In Table 4, for example, C5 indicates that it was formed as described above using boiler ash to which 5% by weight of ordinary cement was added. Therefore, Table 4 shows that
Each of ordinary cement (C): 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 20%
5% by weight, 10% by weight, silica fume (S): 5% by weight, 10% by weight, slaked lime (P): 5% by weight, 10% by weight, and anhydrous gypsum (A ): 5
The values were measured for the examples of boiler ash to which 10% by weight and 10% by weight were added. The unit weight means the weight of a unit volume, and refers to the weight of the kneaded material per unit volume, and is obtained by dividing the weight of the kneaded material put in a predetermined container (400 CC) by the volume. The specific gravity was calculated from the weight and volume of the test specimen for the strength test. The kneaded material was packed in two layers in a flow cone placed correctly at the center of the flow table in the same manner as in the physical test of cement. The kneaded material was given a falling motion, and the maximum value of the diameter of the kneaded material in the spread range and the diameter in a direction perpendicular to the maximum value were measured, and the average value (mm) was represented by an infinite number of integers. From the results shown in Table 4, it was found that a single powder
It was confirmed that the addition of 0% by weight did not have an extreme adverse effect. Therefore, it is preferable that the amount of the powder for component adjustment be 20% by weight or less.
【００２６】更に、製造された軽量非焼成骨材に、メチ
ル・セルロ−ス、スチレン・ブタジエン・ゴムラテック
スやアクリル・エマルジョンを含浸させて、軽量非焼成
骨材の吸水率を下げることを試みた。すると、メチル・
セルロ−ス、スチレン・ブタジエン・ゴムラテックスで
は効果がなかったが、アクリル・エマルジョンの含浸で
は、吸水率が２７．３％になり、４０％以上低下が見ら
れた。Further, it was attempted to lower the water absorption of the lightweight non-fired aggregate by impregnating the manufactured lightweight non-fired aggregate with methyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber latex or acrylic emulsion. . Then, methyl
Cellulose and styrene / butadiene / rubber latex had no effect, but impregnation with acrylic emulsion resulted in a water absorption of 27.3%, a decrease of 40% or more.
【００２７】[0027]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００２８】[0028]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、本発明の軽量非焼
成骨材の製造方法により、前記のような効果が得られ
た。それらをまとめると、次のような顕著な技術的効果
となる。即ち、第１に、特殊な材料を使用することな
く、安価な材料を用いて、簡単な処理で絶乾比重を変
化、制御できる軽量非焼成骨材の製造方法を提供でき
る。第２に、従来、有効利用が困難な流動床ボイラ−灰
を、資源リサイクルという見地から、ほとんど、そのま
まの形で使用することができる軽量非焼成骨材の製造方
法を提供する。As described above, the above-described effects are obtained by the method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate of the present invention. Summarizing them has the following remarkable technical effects. That is, firstly, it is possible to provide a method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate capable of changing and controlling the absolute dry gravity by a simple process using an inexpensive material without using a special material. Secondly, the present invention provides a method for producing a lightweight unfired aggregate in which a fluidized-bed boiler ash, which has been conventionally difficult to use effectively, can be used almost as it is from the viewpoint of resource recycling.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 下村祥 埼玉県大宮市北袋町１丁目297番地 三 菱マテリアル株式会社 セメント研究所 内 (72)発明者 穴沢雅明 埼玉県大宮市北袋町１丁目297番地 三 菱マテリアル株式会社 セメント研究所 内 (72)発明者 三島敦夫 神奈川県茅ケ崎市茅ケ崎１丁目９番88号 電源開発株式会社 総合技術試験所内 (72)発明者 高倉光昭 神奈川県茅ケ崎市茅ケ崎１丁目９番88号 電源開発株式会社 総合技術試験所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭64−3038（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−79890（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−235753（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭60−200848（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.7，ＤＢ名) C04B 18/10 C04B 14/02 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Sho Shimomura 1-297 Kitabukuro-cho, Omiya-shi, Saitama Pref. (72) Inventor, Atsuo Mishima 1-9-88 Chigasaki, Chigasaki-shi, Kanagawa Power Supply Development Co., Ltd. (72) Mitsuaki Takakura 1-9, Chigasaki, Chigasaki-shi, Kanagawa No. 88 Power Supply Development Co., Ltd. General Technology Laboratory (56) References JP-A-64-3038 (JP, A) JP-A-62-79890 (JP, A) JP-A-60-235753 (JP, A) Kaisho 60-200848 (JP, A) (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. 7 , DB name) C04B 18/10 C04B 14/02
Claims (4)
ウムの流動床ボイラー灰に、水あるいは水含有の造粒剤
を添加し、その後の造粒処理工程では、前記流動床ボイ
ラー灰に含有される生石灰の消火反応による温度上昇
を、空気ブローすることにより、抑制しながら、常圧水
蒸気養生するのみで、前記の骨材の絶対乾燥比重を、
０．８〜１．３の範囲に制御、調整することを特徴とす
る、０．８〜１．３の範囲の絶対乾燥比重を有する軽量
非焼成骨材の製造方法。Claims 1. A high calcium fluidized bed boiler ash discharged from a fluidized bed boiler is mixed with water or a water-containing granulating agent.
And in the subsequent granulation treatment step, the fluidized bed
Temperature rise due to fire extinguishing reaction of quicklime contained in ash
The air pressure while suppressing the air pressure
Only by steam curing, the absolute dry specific gravity of the aggregate is
Light weight having an absolute dry specific gravity in the range of 0.8 to 1.3, characterized by being controlled and adjusted in the range of 0.8 to 1.3
Manufacturing method of unfired aggregate .
０〜５０重量％含有し、ブレーン値１５００〜６０００
cm2／ｇのサイクロンから排出されたボイラー灰である
ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の軽量非焼成骨材の製
造方法。2. The fluidized-bed boiler ash comprises two quicklimes.
0 to 50% by weight, with a Brain value of 1500 to 6000
method for producing a lightweight non-calcined aggregate according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler ash discharged from the cyclone cm 2 / g.
ために予めシリカフューム、石膏、又は、アルミン酸カ
ルシウム(Ｃ12Ａ7）の調整粉体を、各々、２０重量％以
下混合するか、或いは、前記造粒剤に溶解させることを
特徴とする請求項１に記載の軽量非焼成骨材の製造方
法。3. The fluidized-bed boiler ash is preliminarily mixed with an adjusted powder of silica fume, gypsum, or calcium aluminate (C 12 A 7 ) in an amount of 20% by weight or less for component adjustment. 2. The method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate according to claim 1, wherein the non-fired aggregate is dissolved in the granulating agent.
ポリマーを含浸させ、該骨材の吸水率を下げることを特
徴とする請求項１に記載の軽量非焼成骨材の製造方法。4. The manufactured lightweight unfired aggregate further comprises:
The method for producing a lightweight non-fired aggregate according to claim 1, wherein a polymer is impregnated to reduce the water absorption of the aggregate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20076391A JP3151239B2 (en) | 1991-08-09 | 1991-08-09 | Manufacturing method of lightweight unfired aggregate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20076391A JP3151239B2 (en) | 1991-08-09 | 1991-08-09 | Manufacturing method of lightweight unfired aggregate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0543284A JPH0543284A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
| JP3151239B2 true JP3151239B2 (en) | 2001-04-03 |
Family
ID=16429767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20076391A Expired - Fee Related JP3151239B2 (en) | 1991-08-09 | 1991-08-09 | Manufacturing method of lightweight unfired aggregate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3151239B2 (en) |
-
1991
- 1991-08-09 JP JP20076391A patent/JP3151239B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0543284A (en) | 1993-02-23 |
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