JPH05170567A - Production of expanded burned product - Google Patents
Production of expanded burned productInfo
- Publication number
- JPH05170567A JPH05170567A JP3354889A JP35488991A JPH05170567A JP H05170567 A JPH05170567 A JP H05170567A JP 3354889 A JP3354889 A JP 3354889A JP 35488991 A JP35488991 A JP 35488991A JP H05170567 A JPH05170567 A JP H05170567A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- coal ash
- clay
- product
- coal
- feldspar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 2
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010344 co-firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001092080 Hydrangea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014486 Hydrangea macrophylla Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008094 contradictory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 shale Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
- C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
- C04B38/064—Natural expanding materials, e.g. clay
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、石炭火力発電所等から
排出される石炭灰の有効利用に関し、詳しくは、石炭灰
から低比重・高強度のいわゆる軽くて強い焼成粒を製造
する方法に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to effective use of coal ash discharged from a coal-fired power plant or the like, and more particularly to a method for producing so-called light and strong calcined particles of low specific gravity and high strength from coal ash. It is a thing.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】石炭火力発電所等から排出される石炭灰
は、燃焼石炭量の１０〜２０％にもなり、その処分が大
きな問題となっている。また、省資源の観点から有効活
用の方法についても種々の提案がなされている。2. Description of the Related Art The amount of coal ash discharged from a coal-fired power plant or the like accounts for 10 to 20% of the amount of coal burned, and its disposal is a big problem. Also, various proposals have been made regarding effective utilization methods from the viewpoint of resource saving.
【０００３】例えば、石炭灰に廃酸、石灰又は消石灰及
び粘土類を配合した後、造粒することにより、透水性の
ある粒状化物とし、これを埋め立て地の泥状化の防止に
供するもの（特開昭６２−３０５６号）がある。For example, after mixing waste ash, lime or slaked lime, and clay with coal ash, it is granulated to form a water-permeable granular material, which is used to prevent mudification of landfill ( JP-A-62-3056).
【０００４】また、石炭灰を骨材として有効活用するこ
とに関しては、石炭灰にパルプ廃液と少量の長石微粉
末、炭酸アンモニウムを加えて混合し、円柱状に加圧成
形した後、１２００℃以上に焼成して焼結させて軽量骨
材とする方法（特公昭３６−１２５８０号公報）、石炭
灰にマグネシヤ含有物と粘結性粘土物質を配合し、加水
造粒した後焼成して、吸水率の低い軽量骨材を製造する
方法（特公昭４０−１６２７０号公報）がある。そのほ
か、石炭灰や頁岩や天然軽量骨材を添加し、同様に成
形、焼成して軽量骨材を製造する方法（特開平３−８８
７４９号公報）、添加物が粘土、頁岩、消石灰、水ガラ
スである方法（特開昭６１−１６３１５２号公報）、脱
ガス性粒状物質を添加する方法（特開昭５６−６９２６
２号公報）等、多孔質の軽量骨材製造を目的とした提案
も数多くなされている。Regarding the effective use of coal ash as an aggregate, the pulp effluent, a small amount of feldspar fine powder and ammonium carbonate are added to the coal ash and mixed, and the mixture is pressure-molded into a columnar shape, and the temperature is 1200 ° C. or higher. A method of firing and sintering into a lightweight aggregate (Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 36-12580), mixing a magnesium ash-containing substance and a caking clay substance into coal ash, hydro-granulating and then firing, and absorbing water There is a method (Japanese Patent Publication No. 40-16270) for producing a lightweight aggregate having a low rate. In addition, a method for producing a lightweight aggregate by adding coal ash, shale and natural lightweight aggregate, and similarly molding and firing (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-88).
749), a method in which the additive is clay, shale, slaked lime, and water glass (JP-A-61-163152), and a method of adding a degassable granular material (JP-A-56-6926).
There are many proposals for producing porous lightweight aggregates such as Japanese Patent No. 2).
【０００５】上述のように石炭灰へ各種の添加物を加
え、その成形物を焼成固化する方法の他に、石炭灰に各
種の水硬性物質、例えばセメントや生石灰、石膏を加え
て成形し、常温又は水蒸気養生を行って固化体を製造
し、軽量骨材等の土木材料やボード等の建築材料に供す
る方法（例えば、特開平３−１６９４９号公報、特開昭
５７−９２５６０号公報）なども提案されている。As described above, in addition to the method of adding various additives to coal ash and baking and solidifying the molded product, various hydraulic materials such as cement, quick lime and gypsum are added to the coal ash to be molded, A method of producing a solidified product by performing room temperature or steam curing and using it as a civil engineering material such as a lightweight aggregate or a building material such as a board (for example, JP-A-3-16949, JP-A-57-92560), etc. Is also proposed.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従前は構造物の軽量化
を目的として天然産の軽量骨材が使用されていたが、原
料の枯渇化や採掘場所の遠隔化などの理由により、次第
に人工軽量骨材の開発が指向されるようになってきた。
一方で、石油危機の経験から発電所等では石油から石炭
へと燃料転換が進み、これに伴って大量に発生する石炭
灰の処理が問題化している。In the past, natural lightweight aggregates were used for the purpose of reducing the weight of structures, but due to reasons such as depletion of raw materials and remote mining sites, artificial lightweight The development of aggregate has come to be oriented.
On the other hand, from the experience of the oil crisis, fuel conversion from oil to coal is progressing in power plants and the like, and the treatment of a large amount of coal ash accompanying this is becoming a problem.
【０００６】こうした背景により、上述の如き石炭灰を
利用した軽量骨材の製造方法が各種提案されるようにな
った。しかし、石炭灰を天然に産する粘土類と同等の扱
いをしようとすると、融点が異なる点や可塑性がないこ
と等、取扱いに問題が生じる。そのため、従来の各種提
案においても添加物の工夫や焼成方法の工夫がなされて
いるが、石炭灰は、例えば流動床方式、ストーカー方
式、微粉炭燃焼方式、ガス混焼方式、といった燃焼方式
の違いによって未燃炭素の含有率や粒子形状に差異が現
れる。また、石炭灰は発生する箇所によりフライアッシ
ュとボトムアッシュに大別されるが、この捕集方法の違
いによっても性状に差が現れる。また、石炭の産地、例
えばカナダ炭、豪州炭といった炭種によってもその性状
が大きく変化する。Against this background, various methods for producing lightweight aggregates using coal ash have been proposed. However, when trying to treat coal ash in the same manner as naturally occurring clays, there are problems in handling, such as the difference in melting points and lack of plasticity. Therefore, although various proposals in the past have been devised for additives and calcination methods, coal ash differs depending on the combustion method such as fluidized bed method, stalker method, pulverized coal combustion method, gas co-firing method. Differences appear in the unburned carbon content and particle shape. Further, coal ash is roughly classified into fly ash and bottom ash depending on the place where coal ash is generated, and the difference in the properties also appears due to the difference in the collection method. Further, the properties of the coal vary greatly depending on the place of production, such as Canadian coal and Australian coal.
【０００７】石炭灰の性状として、流動床方式やガス混
焼方式では未燃炭素分が比較的多く、上述の焼成品に使
用した場合には気孔率が高くなる特性がある。また、炭
種による差異としては鉄分、アルカリ分の含有率及び灰
分中の鉱物組成の差により灰の融点が１１００〜１８０
０℃と幅広い点が挙げられる。As a property of coal ash, the fluidized bed system and the gas co-firing system have a relatively large amount of unburned carbon, and when used in the above-mentioned fired product, the porosity becomes high. The melting point of ash is 1100 to 180 depending on the content of iron and alkali and the composition of minerals in the ash.
A wide range of points, such as 0 ° C, can be mentioned.
【０００８】このように多種多様の特性をもつ石炭灰を
天然産粘土と同様に扱うことは非常に難しい。石炭灰を
成形し、焼成する方法により軽量骨材を製造する場合
に、気孔率は高くなるが強度が低下したり、強度は充分
にあるが融点を越えて焼成したために気孔率が低くなっ
たりといった問題が発生する。従って、成形焼成品の強
度確保と気孔率（吸水率）を満足するように原料の調整
方法、成形方法、焼成方法をコントロールすることが重
要な課題となる。[0008] As described above, it is very difficult to handle coal ash having various characteristics in the same manner as natural clay. When a lightweight aggregate is manufactured by a method of molding and burning coal ash, the porosity increases but the strength decreases, or the strength is sufficient but the porosity decreases because the temperature exceeds the melting point. Such a problem occurs. Therefore, it is important to control the raw material adjustment method, molding method, and firing method so that the strength and porosity (water absorption) of the molded and fired product are satisfied.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】このような課題を達成す
るため、本発明は、石炭灰に粘土を重量比１０〜４０％
及び長石を５〜４０％配合し、混練、造粒、乾燥した
後、焼成する。更に、必要に応じ発泡率調整剤を添加す
る。In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a coal ash containing 10 to 40% by weight of clay.
And 5% to 40% of feldspar are mixed, kneaded, granulated, dried, and then fired. Further, a foaming ratio adjusting agent is added if necessary.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明は、石炭灰の特性に応じて、粘土を添加
することで可塑性を与え、かつ長石を配合することでそ
の融点の調整を行い、これら配合物を混練、造粒、乾燥
した後、焼成することで、まず、造粒が簡便に行え、ま
た、焼成炉の焼成温度を石炭灰の本来の溶融温度より低
い温度、すなわち、軟化点温度、或いは石炭灰の種類に
よって焼成温度を変えることなくほぼ一定温度で焼成す
ることができる。また、本発明は更に発泡率調整剤を添
加することで、石炭灰の種類によって異なっていた気孔
率を一定化、或いは高めることができる。According to the present invention, according to the characteristics of coal ash, clay is added to give plasticity, and feldspar is mixed to adjust the melting point, and these blends are kneaded, granulated and dried. After that, by firing, granulation can be performed easily, and the firing temperature of the firing furnace is lower than the original melting temperature of coal ash, that is, the softening point temperature or the firing temperature depending on the type of coal ash. It can be fired at a substantially constant temperature without change. Further, in the present invention, the porosity, which is different depending on the type of coal ash, can be made constant or increased by adding a foaming rate adjusting agent.
【００１１】以下、具体例を挙げて詳述する。石炭灰
は、粘土を添加することにより天然産粘土と同様の可塑
性が与えられるため、混練工程後の造粒工程において、
造粒機の回転速度、滞留時間を調整することにより、陶
器を製造するが如く製品の使用目的に応じて粒径を、小
は数mmから大は数cmまで、自由にコントロールすること
が可能であり、可塑性を発現するための粘土の添加量と
しては１５〜４０％とすることが好ましい。A detailed example will be given below. Since coal ash is given the same plasticity as natural clay by adding clay, in the granulation step after the kneading step,
By adjusting the rotation speed and residence time of the granulator, it is possible to freely control the particle size from small to a few mm to large to a few cm depending on the intended use of the product, like the production of pottery. Therefore, the addition amount of clay for expressing plasticity is preferably 15 to 40%.
【００１２】一方、石炭灰は炭種によって１１００〜１
８００℃と融点に幅があるため、長石を配合することに
より造粒物の融点調整を行う。すなわち、製品に所定の
強度をもたせるためには造粒焼成物の表面にガラス質の
殻を形成させることが好ましく、殻の形成にあたって
は、原料の一部が溶融する条件、融点より若干低い温度
（軟化点）で焼結するよう焼成温度をコントロールする
とともに、原料が適切な軟化点を有するように本発明は
石炭灰の種類によって長石を適当量配合する。On the other hand, coal ash is 1100 to 1 depending on the type of coal.
Since the melting point has a range of 800 ° C., the melting point of the granulated product is adjusted by blending feldspar. That is, it is preferable to form a glassy shell on the surface of the granulated fired product in order to give the product a predetermined strength. In forming the shell, a condition in which a part of the raw material melts, a temperature slightly lower than the melting point In the present invention, an appropriate amount of feldspar is blended according to the type of coal ash so that the raw material has an appropriate softening point while controlling the firing temperature so as to sinter at the (softening point).
【００１３】一般的に石炭灰は融点が高く、通常の焼成
では１３００℃といった高温を必要とするが、本発明の
如く長石の配合量を調整することにより１１００℃前後
の比較的低温での焼成が可能となる。この原料の軟化点
を調整するための長石の添加量は石炭灰の種類によって
変動するものであるが５〜４０％とすることが好まし
い。Generally, coal ash has a high melting point, and a high temperature such as 1300 ° C. is required for ordinary calcination, but calcination at a relatively low temperature of about 1100 ° C. by adjusting the blended amount of feldspar as in the present invention. Is possible. The amount of feldspar added for adjusting the softening point of the raw material varies depending on the type of coal ash, but is preferably 5 to 40%.
【００１４】石炭灰に粘土と長石を配した造粒物を焼成
することにより、石炭灰中の未燃炭素分を燃焼させて気
孔を生じさせる。ところが、石炭灰の種類によって未燃
炭素分含有量に差があるため、石炭灰そのままでは所望
とする気孔率を得ることができない場合がある。そこで
本発明では、石炭灰に長石、粘土の他に発泡率調整剤を
添加し、製品の気孔率をコントロールする。By burning a granulated product in which clay and feldspar are arranged in coal ash, the unburned carbon content in the coal ash is burned to generate pores. However, since there is a difference in the unburned carbon content depending on the type of coal ash, there are cases where the desired porosity cannot be obtained with the coal ash as it is. Therefore, in the present invention, a porosity of the product is controlled by adding a foaming rate adjusting agent to coal ash in addition to feldspar and clay.
【００１５】発泡率調整剤としては、焼成工程にて燃焼
してガス化する微粉炭、微粉コークス、木屑、エチルシ
リケート等が挙げられるが、微細かつ安価であることか
らパルプスラッジが好ましい。パルプスラッジはパルプ
繊維そのものであるため、石炭灰中の未燃炭素分と共に
焼成工程で完全燃焼して微細な気孔ができるので、気孔
率、強度共に満足する発泡焼成品を得ることができる。
また、発泡率調整剤としてパルプスラッジを用いると、
繊維状の気孔を生成することから、この気孔が通路とな
って製品内に点在する空孔間が連続するとともに、製品
に所定の強度をもたせるために造粒焼成物の表面に形成
させたガラス質の殻にも気孔が通じ、製品粒内の空孔と
外界とが連絡した気孔となる。Examples of the foaming ratio adjusting agent include pulverized coal, fine pulverized coke, wood chips, ethyl silicate and the like that are burned and gasified in the firing step, but pulp sludge is preferable because it is fine and inexpensive. Since the pulp sludge is the pulp fiber itself, it completely burns with the unburned carbon content in the coal ash in the firing process to form fine pores, so that a foamed fired product satisfying both porosity and strength can be obtained.
Also, if pulp sludge is used as a foaming ratio adjusting agent,
Since the fibrous pores are generated, the pores serve as passages and the voids that are scattered in the product are continuous, and are formed on the surface of the granulated fired product in order to give the product a predetermined strength. The pores also pass through the glassy shell, and the pores in the product grains are in communication with the outside world.
【００１６】従って、本発明によれば、種々の特性をも
つ石炭灰を天然産粘土と同等に扱うことが可能であり、
陶器と同様の強度を有しかつ高い気孔率を具備するとい
う相反する条件を兼備した発泡焼成品を自由に製造する
ことが可能である。Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to treat coal ash having various characteristics in the same manner as natural clay,
It is possible to freely manufacture a foamed and fired product that has the contradictory conditions of having the same strength as a pottery and having a high porosity.
【００１７】[0017]
【実施例】次に本発明の実施例を示す。本実施例に用い
た石炭灰は豪州産ベーズウォーター炭及びガネダ炭の燃
焼灰である。表１に石炭灰の化学組成を示す。EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be described below. The coal ash used in this example is a combustion ash of Australian Baswater coal and Ganeda coal. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of coal ash.
【００１８】[0018]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１９】（実施例１）表１に示すベーズウォーター
炭燃焼灰６０％に水ひ粘土３０％及び長石１０％を配合
した混合物を回転羽根付き高速混練機にて混練を行い、
次いで同高速混練機にて造粒を行った。このときの回転
羽根付き高速混練機における混練工程の操作条件は１５
００rpm で１０分間、造粒工程の操作条件は１０００rp
m で５分間であった。得られた造粒物はバンドドライヤ
ーを用いて乾燥予熱操作を行った。乾燥予熱操作におい
ては、造粒物のジャンピング現象や爆裂を起こさないよ
うに、乾燥（２５０℃で１〜２分）、離水（５００℃で
３〜５分）、予熱（８５０℃で３〜５分）の諸条件を確
保した。次いで、均一焼成のためロータリーキルンを用
いて１０５０℃で１時間焼成を行った。(Example 1) A mixture of 60% of the Baswater charcoal combustion ash shown in Table 1 and 30% of Suihi clay and 10% of feldspar was kneaded with a high-speed kneader equipped with a rotary blade,
Then, granulation was performed using the same high-speed kneader. At this time, the operating condition of the kneading step in the high-speed kneader with rotating blades is 15
Granulation process operating conditions 1000 rpm for 10 minutes at 00 rpm
It was 5 minutes at m 2. The obtained granulated product was dried and preheated using a band dryer. In the dry preheating operation, drying (250 ° C. for 1 to 2 minutes), water separation (500 ° C. for 3 to 5 minutes), preheating (850 ° C. to 3 to 5) are carried out so as not to cause a jumping phenomenon or explosion of the granulated product. Min) was secured. Then, for uniform baking, baking was performed at 1050 ° C. for 1 hour using a rotary kiln.
【００２０】（実施例２）表１に示すベーズウォーター
炭燃焼灰６０％に水ひ粘土３０％及び長石１０％を配合
し、更に発泡率調整剤としてエチルシリケートを２％配
合した混合物を、実施例１と同じ条件で、混練、造粒、
乾燥、焼成を行った。Example 2 A mixture was prepared by mixing 60% of the Baswater charcoal combustion ash shown in Table 1 with 30% of Suihi clay and 10% of feldspar, and further with 2% of ethyl silicate as a foaming ratio adjusting agent. Under the same conditions as in Example 1, kneading, granulation,
It was dried and baked.
【００２１】（実施例３）表１に示すガネダ炭燃焼灰４
５％に水ひ粘土２０％及び長石３５％を配合した混合物
を実施例１と同じ条件で、混練、造粒、乾燥、焼成を行
った。(Example 3) Ganeda charcoal combustion ash 4 shown in Table 1
A mixture of 5% and 20% mizuhi clay and 35% feldspar was kneaded, granulated, dried and fired under the same conditions as in Example 1.
【００２２】実施例１、実施例２及び実施例３で製造し
た発泡焼成品の製品品質を表２に示す。比較例１とし
て、従来の技術、すなわち石炭灰に微粉炭を０〜６％加
えてミキサーで混合し、パン型ペレタイザーで造粒した
後、ドワイトロイド式焼結機にて１０００〜１２００℃
の温度条件で焼成した軽量骨材、並びに比較例２とし
て、石炭灰８０％にポルトランドセメント２０％を配し
てパン型ペレタイザーで造粒した後、湿度８０％、気温
８０℃の条件で養生して得られた骨材の製品品質を示
す。実施例１，３は融点の異なる石炭灰を配合調整にて
同一操作条件で製造を行った例であり、実施例２は発泡
調整剤による効果を示した。Table 2 shows the product quality of the foamed and fired products produced in Examples 1, 2 and 3. As Comparative Example 1, a conventional technique, that is, pulverized coal was added to coal ash in an amount of 0 to 6% and mixed by a mixer, and granulated by a pan type pelletizer, and then 1000 to 1200 ° C. by a Dwightroid sintering machine.
As a comparative example 2, a lightweight aggregate fired under the temperature conditions of No. 1 and 20% of Portland cement in 80% of coal ash were granulated by a pan-type pelletizer, and then cured at a humidity of 80% and an air temperature of 80 ° C. The product quality of the obtained aggregate is shown below. Examples 1 and 3 are examples in which coal ash having a different melting point was manufactured under the same operating conditions by adjusting the compounding, and Example 2 showed the effect of the foaming regulator.
【００２３】[0023]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２４】表２から判るように、本発明による発泡焼
成品と従来技術で製造された軽量骨材とを比較すると、
嵩比重及び吸水率において双方とも同様の値を示すが、
強度面においては本発明の発泡焼成品は従来品に比べ倍
以上の値が得られる。すなわち、軽さにおいて遜色な
く、高強度を有する発泡焼成品の製造が可能である。更
に、実施例１と３の差から分かるように、石炭の種類が
変ることにより灰の性状が変動しても水ひ粘土と長石の
配合比率を調整することにより、焼成製品の品質は安定
化していることが明らかである。As can be seen from Table 2, when comparing the foamed and fired product according to the present invention with the conventional lightweight aggregate,
Both bulk specific gravity and water absorption show similar values,
In terms of strength, the foamed and baked product of the present invention has a value more than double that of the conventional product. That is, it is possible to manufacture a foamed and baked product that is as light and has high strength. Further, as can be seen from the difference between Examples 1 and 3, even if the characteristics of ash change due to changes in the type of coal, the quality of the calcined product is stabilized by adjusting the mixing ratio of hydrangea clay and feldspar. It is clear that
【００２５】[0025]
【発明の効果】上述のように本発明によれば、その処分
や利用の方法に問題のあった石炭灰を用いて、従来品に
ない高い強度と高い気孔率という相反する条件を兼備し
た発泡焼成品を自由に安定した品質で製造することが可
能である。本発明により得られた発泡焼成品は、従来品
の代替として、軽量骨材や土壌改良材、コンクリート二
次製品骨材、吸油材等の土建材料に利用できるが、更に
その発泡焼成品は、その特性を利用して、例えばゴルフ
場の芝植えの下に砂と共に混ぜ合わせて施工し、土壌の
保水力を増す保水材としての利用や、近年注目されてい
る、河川や湖沼の富栄養化現象の原因である高ＣＯＤ
（化学的酸素要求量）排水の生物処理用ろ過材（微生物
担体）としての利用など広範囲の分野において活用する
ことができる。As described above, according to the present invention, by using coal ash, which has a problem in its disposal and utilization method, foaming having conflicting conditions of high strength and high porosity which are not available in conventional products. It is possible to freely produce a baked product with stable quality. The foamed and fired product obtained by the present invention can be used as an alternative to conventional products for lightweight aggregates and soil improving materials, concrete secondary product aggregates, and earth building materials such as oil-absorbing materials. Utilizing these characteristics, for example, it can be used by mixing it with sand under the lawn planting at a golf course, and using it as a water retention material to increase the water retention capacity of soil, and eutrophication of rivers and lakes, which has been attracting attention in recent years. High COD that causes the phenomenon
(Chemical oxygen demand) It can be utilized in a wide range of fields such as use as a filter material (microbial carrier) for biological treatment of waste water.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 宮本 生雄 愛知県東海市東海町２−３−14 株式会社 鐵原名古屋支店内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Ikuo Miyamoto 2-3-14 Tokai-cho, Tokai-shi, Aichi Prefecture
Claims (2)
石を５〜４０％配合し、混練、造粒、乾燥した後、焼成
することを特徴とする発泡焼成品の製造方法。1. A method for producing a foamed and fired product, which comprises blending 10 to 40% by weight of clay and 5 to 40% of feldspar in coal ash, kneading, granulating, drying and then firing.
加することを特徴とする発泡焼成品の製造方法。2. The method for producing a foamed and fired product according to claim 1, further comprising adding a foaming ratio adjusting agent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3354889A JPH05170567A (en) | 1991-12-21 | 1991-12-21 | Production of expanded burned product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3354889A JPH05170567A (en) | 1991-12-21 | 1991-12-21 | Production of expanded burned product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05170567A true JPH05170567A (en) | 1993-07-09 |
Family
ID=18440597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3354889A Withdrawn JPH05170567A (en) | 1991-12-21 | 1991-12-21 | Production of expanded burned product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05170567A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09165279A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-24 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Inorganic porous material and its production |
| KR20030016638A (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-03-03 | 강문식 | Ceramic absorption plug |
| JP2005281111A (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Touseki Mater Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing landscape gravel |
| JP2006241803A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-14 | Ehime Prefecture | Water-absorbing pavement, and aggregate for use therein |
| WO2013027792A1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | 小松精練株式会社 | Porous ceramic sintered body and method for producing same |
-
1991
- 1991-12-21 JP JP3354889A patent/JPH05170567A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09165279A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1997-06-24 | Aisin Takaoka Ltd | Inorganic porous material and its production |
| US5843857A (en) * | 1995-12-18 | 1998-12-01 | Aisin Takaoka Co., Ltd. | Inorganic porous body and method for producing the same |
| KR20030016638A (en) * | 2001-08-21 | 2003-03-03 | 강문식 | Ceramic absorption plug |
| JP2005281111A (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2005-10-13 | Touseki Mater Co Ltd | Method for manufacturing landscape gravel |
| JP4530702B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2010-08-25 | 株式会社陶石麻照 | Landscape gravel and its manufacturing method |
| JP2006241803A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2006-09-14 | Ehime Prefecture | Water-absorbing pavement, and aggregate for use therein |
| WO2013027792A1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-28 | 小松精練株式会社 | Porous ceramic sintered body and method for producing same |
| JP2013177283A (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-09-09 | Komatsu Seiren Co Ltd | Porous ceramic sintered body and method for producing the same |
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