JP2022552549A - リチウムメタル負極構造体、それを含む電気化学素子、及び該リチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
リチウムメタル負極構造体、それを含む電気化学素子、及び該リチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022552549A JP2022552549A JP2022522797A JP2022522797A JP2022552549A JP 2022552549 A JP2022552549 A JP 2022552549A JP 2022522797 A JP2022522797 A JP 2022522797A JP 2022522797 A JP2022522797 A JP 2022522797A JP 2022552549 A JP2022552549 A JP 2022552549A
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- Prior art keywords
- lithium metal
- negative electrode
- lithium
- metal negative
- oxide
- Prior art date
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 lithium halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020215 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3PbTiO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020351 Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910020345 Pb1−xLaxZr1−yTiyO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001973 fluoroelastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000664 lithium aluminum titanium phosphates (LATP) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005608 sulfonated EPDM Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910009178 Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LTDAQVLIZRQEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S].[Sn] Chemical compound [Li].[S].[Sn] LTDAQVLIZRQEBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P]=S.[Li] Chemical compound [P]=S.[Li] ZOJZLMMAVKKSFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ANHNWIVSXPUAKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P]=S.[Sn].[Li] Chemical compound [P]=S.[Sn].[Li] ANHNWIVSXPUAKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;lithium;titanium(4+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[Ti+4].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O CVJYOKLQNGVTIS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000659 lithium lanthanum titanates (LLT) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000614 lithium tin phosphorous sulfides (LSPS) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018127 Li 2 S-GeS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018133 Li 2 S-SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020724 Li0.34La0.51TiO2.94 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910007860 Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010084 LiAlH4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013698 LiNH2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012631 LiTi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012448 Lithium borohydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910018413 LixAlyTiz(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910016838 LixGeyPzSw Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ti+4].[Li+] MKGYHFFYERNDHK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- PPVYRCKAOVCGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Li+] Chemical compound P(=S)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Ge+2].[Li+] PPVYRCKAOVCGRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020279 Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;borate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OJMOMXZKOWKUTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WEUCVIBPSSMHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ca+2].[Ti+4] WEUCVIBPSSMHJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium amide Chemical compound [Li+].[NH2-] AFRJJFRNGGLMDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000484 niobium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitride Chemical compound [Li]N([Li])[Li] IDBFBDSKYCUNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910005793 GeO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910008556 Li2O—Al2O3—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010093 LiAlO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910020346 SiS 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000103 lithium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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Abstract
Description
リチウムメタル負極と、
前記リチウムメタル負極の少なくとも一面に付着された分離膜であり、前記分離膜は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材上にコーティングされた5ないし200nmサイズの無機ナノ粒子を含む無機層を含み、前記無機層が前記リチウムメタル負極と前記多孔性基材との間に位置する分離膜と、を含むリチウムメタル負極構造体が提供される。
圧延ロールまたは圧延プレスを利用し、リチウムメタル負極の少なくとも一面に分離膜を結着させる段階を含み、
前記分離膜は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材上にコーティングされた5ないし200nmサイズの無機ナノ粒子を含む無機層を含み、前記無機層をして、前記リチウムメタル負極と前記多孔性基材との間に位置させる前記リチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法が提供される。
リチウムメタル負極と、
前記リチウムメタル負極の少なくとも一面に付着された分離膜であり、前記分離膜は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材上にコーティングされた5ないし200nmサイズの無機ナノ粒子を含む無機層を含み、前記無機層が、前記リチウムメタル負極と前記多孔性基材との間に位置する分離膜と、を含む。
まず、平均粒径30nmのアルミナナノ粒子、及びポリマーバインダとして6重量%ポリアクリロニトリル(PAN)含有ACN(acetonitrile)溶液を利用し、アルミナナノ粒子:PAN重量比が94:6にになるように混合して得られた組成物を、ポリエチレン基材上にコーティングし、それを70℃で12時間真空乾燥させ、ポリエチレン基材の単面に無機層を形成した分離膜を準備した。
日本・Honjo社のロール圧延リチウム薄膜(厚み20μm)を比較例1にした。
図4Aは、比較例1のリチウムメタル負極の写真であり、図4Bは、実施例1のリチウムメタル負極構造体の写真であり、図4Cは、実施例1のリチウムメタル負極構造体において、表面の均一度が向上されたリチウムメタル負極を示す写真である。
実施例1によるリチウムメタル負極構造体を負極にし、正極を順に積層した後、アルミニウムポーチに入れて真空包装し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
負極として、比較例1によるリチウムメタル負極を利用したことを除いはて、前記実施例2と同一過程を実施し、リチウム金属電池を製造した。
実施例2及び比較例2によるリチウム金属電池に対し、0.05C rateの電流でもって、2回の化成(formation)サイクル後、0.5C rateの電流でCC-CV充放電を200回まで実施した。
クーロン効率[%]=[各サイクルにおける放電容量/各サイクルにおける充電容量]×100
図7及び図8から分かるように、実施例2のリチウム金属電池は、比較例2のリチウム金属電池に比べ、サイクル別放電容量及び寿命特性が向上されたことが分かる。また、寿命末期において、内部短絡現象も顕著に抑制されたことを確認することができた。
Claims (26)
- リチウムメタル負極と、
前記リチウムメタル負極の少なくとも一面に付着された分離膜であり、前記分離膜は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材上にコーティングされた平均粒径5ないし200nmの無機ナノ粒子を含む無機層を含み、前記無機層が、前記リチウムメタル負極と前記多孔性基材との間に位置する分離膜と、を含む、リチウムメタル負極構造体。 - 前記リチウムメタル負極構造体は、圧延工程によって得られた圧延状態である、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記リチウムメタル負極表面の表面粗さ(Ra)が1以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記リチウムメタル負極と前記無機層との空隙率は、0ないし10%である、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機ナノ粒子の平均粒径は、5ないし200nmである、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機ナノ粒子は、セラミックス材料を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記セラミックス材料は、アルミナ(Al2O3)、シリカ(SiO2)、酸化亜鉛、酸化ジルコニウム(ZrO2)、ゼオライト、酸化チタン(TiO2)、チタン酸バリウム(BaTiO3)、チタン酸ストロンチウム(SrTiO3)、チタン酸カルシウム(CaTiO3)、ホウ酸アルミニウム、酸化鉄、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化鉛、酸化スズ、酸化セリウム、酸化カルシウム、四酸化三マンガン、酸化マグネシウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化タングステン、酸化アンチモン、リン酸アルミニウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、ITO(スズ含有酸化インジウム)、ケイ酸チタン、モンモリロナイト、サポナイト、バーミキュライト、ヒドロタルサイト、カオリナイト、カネマイト、マガジアイト及びケニアイトのうちから選択される少なくとも一つを含む、請求項6に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機ナノ粒子は、固体電解質材料を含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記固体電解質材料が、柘榴石型化合物、アルジロダイト型化合物、LISICON(lithium super-ion-conductor)化合物、NASICON(Na super ionic conductor-like)化合物、窒化リチウム、水素化リチウム(Li hydride)、ペロブスカイト、リチウムハライド及び硫化物系化合物からなる群のうちから選択された1以上の無機リチウムイオン伝導体を含む、請求項8に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機リチウムイオン伝導体が、柘榴石系セラミックス(Li3+xLa3M2O12(0≦x≦5、Mは、W、Ta、Te、Nb及びZrのうち少なくとも一つである)、ドーピングされた柘榴石系セラミックス(Li7-3xM’xLa3M2O12(0<x≦1、Mは、W、Ta、Te、Nb及びZrのうち少なくとも一つであり、M’は、Al、Ga、Nb、Ta、Fe、Zn、Y、Sm及びGdのうち少なくとも一つである)、Li1+x+yAlxTi2-xSiyP3-yO12(0<x<2、0≦y<3)、BaTiO3、Pb(Zr、Ti)O3(PZT)、Pb1-xLaxZr1-yTiyO3(PLZT)(O≦x<1、O≦y<1)、Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3(PMN-PT)、リチウムホスフェート(Li3PO4)、リチウムチタンホスフェート(LixTiy(PO4)3、0<x<2、0<y<3)、リチウムアルミニウムチタンホスフェート(LixAlyTiz(PO4)3、0<x<2、0<y<1、0<z<3)、Li1+x+y(Al、Ga)x(Ti、Ge)2-xSiyP3-yO12(O≦x≦1、O≦y≦1)、リチウムランタンチタネート(LixLayTiO3、0<x<2、0<y<3)、リチウムゲルマニウムチオホスフェート(LixGeyPzSw、0<x<4、0<y<1、0<z<1、0<w<5)、リチウムナイトライド(LixNy、0<x<4、0<y<2)、SiS2(LixSiySz、0≦<3、0<y<2、0<z<4)系ガラス、P2S5(LixPySz、0≦x<3、0<y<3、0<z<7)系ガラス、Li3xLa2/3-xTiO3(0≦x≦1/6)、Li7La3Zr2O12、Li1+yAlyTi2-y(PO4)3(0≦y≦1)及びLi1+zAlzGe2-z(PO4)3(0≦z≦1)、Li2O、LiF、LiOH、Li2CO3、LiAlO2、Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-TiO2-GeO2系セラミックス、Li10GeP2S12、Li3.25Ge0.25P0.75S4、Li3PS4、Li6PS5Br、Li6PS5Cl、Li7PS5、Li6PS5I、Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3、LiTi2(PO4)3、LiGe2(PO4)3、LiHf2(PO4)3、LiZr2(PO4)3、Li2NH2、Li3(NH2)2I、LiBH4、LiAlH4、LiNH2、Li0.34La0.51TiO2.94、LiSr2Ti2NbO9、Li0.06La0.66Ti0.93Al0.03O3、Li0.34Nd0.55TiO3、Li2CdCl4、Li2MgCl4、Li2ZnI4、Li2CdI4、Li4.9Ga0.5+δLa3Zr1.7W0.3O12(0≦δ<1.6)、Li4.9Ga0.5+δLa3Zr1.7W0.3O12(1.7≦δ≦2.5)、Li5.39Ga0.5+δLa3Zr1.7W0.3O12(0≦δ≦1.11)、LPS(lithium phosphorus sulfide;Li3PS4)、LTS(lithium tin sulfide;Li4SnS4)、LPSCLL(lithium phosphorus sulfur chloride iodide;Li6PS5Cl0.9I0.1)、LSPS(lithium tin phosphorus sulfide;Li10SnP2S12)、Li2S、Li2S-P2S5、Li2S-SiS2、Li2S-GeS2、Li2S-B2S5、及びLi2S-Al2S5からなる群のうちから選択された一つである、請求項9に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機層は、有機バインダをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機層は、前記有機バインダからなるマトリックス内に、前記無機ナノ粒子が分散された形態を有する、請求項11に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記有機バインダが、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリベンジミダゾール、ポリイミド、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、澱粉、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、再生セルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリアニリン、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフェニルスルフィド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエチレンスルホン、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノアクリレート、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエンテルポリマー(EPDM)、スルホン化EPDM、スチレンブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴム、及びそれらの共重合体のうちから選択される少なくとも一つを含む、請求項11に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記有機バインダの含量は、前記無機ナノ粒子及び有機バインダの総重量を基準に、50ないし99重量%である、請求項11に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記無機層の厚みは、0.1ないし10μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記分離膜は、前記無機層上にポリマーコーティング層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記ポリマーコーティング層は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン・ヘキサフルオロプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリベンジミダゾール、ポリイミド、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリウレタン、ポリビニルアルコール、カルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)、澱粉、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、再生セルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン、テトラフルオロエチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリアニリン、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン、フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリフェニルスルフィド、ポリアミドイミド、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリエチレンスルホン、ポリアミド、ポリアセタール、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールモノアクリレート、ポリフェニレンオキサイド、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、エチレン・プロピレン・ジエンテルポリマー(EPDM)、スルホン化EPDM、スチレンブタジエンゴム、フッ素ゴム、及びそれらの共重合体のうちから選択される少なくとも一つを含む、請求項16に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記多孔性基材は、ポリオレフィン基材である、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記ポリオレフィン基材が、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレン、ポリペンテン、ポリヘキセン、ポリオクテン、エチレン、プロピレン、ブテン、ペンテン、4-メチルペンテン、ヘキセン及びオクテンのうちから選択された1種以上の共重合体、その混合物またはその組み合わせ物を含む、請求項18に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 前記多孔性基材の厚みは、1μmないし50μmである、請求項1に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体。
- 請求項1ないし20のうちいずれか1項に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体を含む、電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子が、電池、蓄電池、スーパーキャパシタ、燃料電池、センサ及び変色素子のうちから選択された1以上を含む、請求項21に記載の電気化学素子。
- 正極と、
請求項1ないし20のうちいずれか1項に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体を含む負極と、を含むリチウム金属電池。 - 圧延ロールまたは圧延プレスを利用し、リチウムメタル負極の少なくとも一面に分離膜を結着させる段階を含み、
前記分離膜は、多孔性基材、及び前記多孔性基材上にコーティングされた平均粒径5ないし200nmの無機ナノ粒子を含む無機層を含み、前記無機層をして、前記リチウムメタル負極と前記多孔性基材との間に位置させる請求項1ないし19のうちいずれか1項に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法。 - 前記結着段階は、熱間圧延または冷間圧延によって遂行される、請求項24に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法。
- 前記熱間圧延は、40ないし80℃で行われ、前記冷間圧延は、20ないし30℃で行われ、線圧は、50kgfないし1,000kgfの範囲で結着が遂行される、請求項24に記載のリチウムメタル負極構造体の製造方法。
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