JP2022157515A - 多能性幹細胞、神経細胞及びその応用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
<1> タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有する、多能性幹細胞。
<2> 多能性幹細胞がヒト多能性幹細胞である、<1>に記載の多能性幹細胞。
<3> 多能性幹細胞が人工多能性幹細胞である、<1>又は<2>に記載の多能性幹細胞。
<4> レポーター分子が蛍光タンパク質である、<1>から<3>の何れか一に記載の多能性幹細胞。
<5> レポーター分子をコードするDNAが、内因性タウ遺伝子の上流側に位置している、<1>から<4>の何れか一に記載の多能性幹細胞。
<6> <1>から<5>の何れか一に記載の多能性幹細胞から分化した神経細胞。
<7> タウタンパク質とレポーター分子との融合タンパク質が発現している、<6>に記載の神経細胞。
<8> タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有する、神経細胞。
<9> 株化神経細胞または初代神経細胞である、<8>に記載の神経細胞。
<10> レポーター分子が蛍光タンパク質である、<8>又は<9>に記載の神経細胞。
<11> レポーター分子をコードするDNAが、内因性タウ遺伝子の上流側に位置している、<8>から<10>の何れか一に記載の神経細胞。
<12> <1>から<5>の何れか一に記載の多能性幹細胞又は<6>から<11>の何れか一に記載の神経細胞を用いる、物質のスクリーニング方法。
<13> タウの発現量の増減の評価、又はタウの細胞内における分布の評価を、レポーター分子の発現に基づいて行う、<12>に記載の方法。
<14> タウの発現量の増減を、レポーター分子の発現強度に基づいて評価する、<12>又は<13>に記載の方法。
<15> <12>から<14>の何れか一に記載の方法でスクリーニングされた物質。
<16> タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流および下流のHomology armとレポーター分子をコードするDNAを含むTargeting vectorと、タウ遺伝子の切断部位を決定するgRNAを含む、キット。
<17> タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号1に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号2に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であるか、あるいはタウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号3に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号4に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列である、<16>に記載のキット。
<18> gRNAが配列番号5又は6に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性を有する配列を標的配列とする、<17>に記載のキット。
本明細書において、“NP_”、“NM_”、“NG_”とそれに続く数字は、NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information)データベースに標準配列(Reference Sequence)として登録されているアミノ酸配列(NP_~)、転写物のヌクレオチド配列(NM_~)、ゲノムDNA配列(NG_~)のIDを各々表す。
本発明の多能性幹細胞は、タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有している。
ヒトの胎児期の脳では3R型タウのみが発現するが、ヒト成人脳では上記6種類すべてが発現し、正常人では、4R型(4リピートタウ)と3R型(3リピートタウ)の発現比(=4リピートタウ/3リピートタウ)は同程度である。
マウスでは新生仔までは3R型タウのみが発現するが、離乳期以降は4R型タウのみが発現する。
ラットおよびマーモセットでも、脳では新生仔までは3R型タウのみが発現するが、離乳期以降は4R型タウのみが発現する。
本発明では、特に定めがない限り、タウとは、3リピートタウ及び4リピートタウのいずれでもよい。
一例においては、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号1に記載の配列と90%以上(好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは97%以上)の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号2に記載の配列と90%以上(好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは97%以上)の同一性をもつ配列である。別の例においては、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号3に記載の配列と90%以上(好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは97%以上)の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号4に記載の配列と90%以上(好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは97%以上)の同一性をもつ配列である。
好ましくは、gRNAは配列番号5又は6に記載の配列と90%以上(好ましくは95%以上、より好ましくは97%以上)の同一性を有する配列を標的配列とする。
本発明は、上記した本発明の多能性幹細胞から分化した神経細胞に関する。
本発明の神経細胞は、タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有する細胞である。本発明の神経細胞は、株化神経細胞または初代神経細胞のいずれでもよい。
本発明の神経細胞は、タウタンパク質とレポーター分子との融合タンパク質を発現することができる。レポーター分子の具体例、好ましい形態は、本明細書中上記した通りである。本発明の神経細胞においては、細胞内タウを、レポーター分子の発現を指標として可視化又は定量することができる。
多能性幹細胞から神経細胞を分化誘導する方法としては、例えば、
(1)無血清培地中で培養して胚様体(神経前駆細胞を含む細胞塊)を形成させて分化させる方法(SFEB法:Watanabe K., et al, Nat.Neurosci., 8:288-296, 2005; SFEBq法:Wataya T., et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 105:11796-11801, 2008);
(2)ストローマ細胞上で培養して分化させる方法(SDIA法:Kawasaki H., et al, Neuron, 28:31-40, 2000);
(3)薬剤を添加したマトリゲル上で培養して分化させる方法(Chambers S.M., et al, Nat.Biotechnol., 27:275-280, 2009);
(4)サイトカインの代替物として低分子化合物を含む培地中で培養して分化する方法(米国特許第5,843,780号);
(5)多能性幹細胞に神経誘導因子(neurogenin2(Ngn2)等)を導入し発現させることで分化させる方法(WO2014/148646;及びZhang Y., et al, Neuron,78:785-98,2013);
(6)多能性幹細胞にmiR-9/9*-124を導入し発現させることで分化させる方法;
及びこれらの方法の組み合わせ等が挙げられる。
多能性幹細胞におけるmiR-9/9*-124の発現は、miR-9/9*-124をコードする核酸(DNA又はRNA)を、多能性幹細胞に導入することによって実施することができる。
また、制御配列及び上記プロモーターの調節因子(rtTA及び/又はCymRリプレッサー等)は、neurogenin2遺伝子またはmiR-9/9*-124を導入したベクターによって供給されてもよい。
本発明は、上記した本発明の多能性幹細胞又は神経細胞を用いる、物質のスクリーニング方法に関する。さらに本発明は、上記したスクリーニング方法でスクリーニングされた物質に関する。
(1)本発明の神経細胞と被験物質とを接触させる工程;
(2)上記神経細胞におけるタウ発現量を測定する工程;及び
(3)工程(1)において被験物質と接触させた場合の工程(2)で測定したタウ発現量が、工程(1)において被験物質と接触させなかった場合のタウ発現量よりも低値であった場合、上記被験物質を、タウオパチーの予防薬又は治療薬として選択する工程;
を含む、タウオパチーの予防又は治療薬のスクリーニング方法が提供される。
工程(1)において被験物質と接触させなかった場合のタウ発現量より低値であるとは、低ければ特に限定されるものではないが、被験物質と接触させなかった場合のタウ発現量を100%とすると、被験物質との接触により、好ましくは80%以下、より好ましくは50%以下へタウ発現量を低下させる作用を持つ被験物質を選択する。
タウオパチーとしては、アルツハイマー型認知症(Alzheimer’s disease;AD)、第17染色体遺伝子に連鎖しパーキンソニズムを伴う前頭側頭型認知症(frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17;FTDP-17)、前頭側頭型認知症(Frontotemporal dementia;FTD)、ピック病(Pick’s disease)、進行性核上性麻痺(progressive supranuclear palsy;PSP)、大脳皮質変性症(corticobasal degeneration;CBD)、嗜銀顆粒性認知症(嗜銀性顆粒病)、神経原線維変化型認知症、石灰沈着を伴うび慢性神経原線維変化病(DNTC)等が挙げられる。
タウ遺伝子に対する遺伝子編集は健常者由来ヒトiPS細胞201B7株(iPSアカデミアジャパンより入手)に対して実施した。ヒトiPS細胞はiMatrix(ニッピ)でコーティングした6well plateに播種し、StemFit(登録商標)AK02N(味の素)を用いてフィーダーフリー培養した。培養したヒトiPS細胞をTrypLE select(Thermo Fisher Scientific)で剥離し、遠心により細胞ペレットを取得した。細胞ペレットをNeon buffer R(sgRNA、Cas9 protein、およびtargeting vectorを含む)と混和したのち、Neon(Thermo Fisher Scientific)を用いたエレクトロポレーションによって導入した。Targeting vectorはHR710PA-1 vector(System Bioscience社から購入)に対し、タウ遺伝子とのhomology arm(LHA,RHA)、挿入する蛍光タンパク質遺伝子配列(TagGFP2)、およびPiggyBac配列(5’ITRおよび3’ITR)に挟まれた株選択に使用する遺伝子領域(EF1-RFP-T2A-Hyg)を挿入することで作製した(図1及び図2)。タウ遺伝子とのhomology arm(LHA,RHA)の塩基配列を以下に示す。また、切断するゲノム配列を認識させるsgRNA(Thermo Fisher Scientific)の配列を以下に示す。
TTTTGCTGCCAGTTGACATCTGATTGAACCATCTCTTCACTTCTCCGTGCCTCACTTTCCTTACCAGACAGGCTCTGCTGATGCTGTCCCTCTCCTGTTCAGTCGTGCCCTCACCGTTAAAGAGAAAGAGCAAACTGCTGGGCAGCAGCATTGATTTTTTTAATGAAGTGGAAAGAGAGCTGGGAATAACAAGTCGGGCCCACCTCACCTGCCTCACCTGGTGGGTTTATTTGTTTTGTTTTTTTTTTTTTGTTTTGAGACAGAGTTTCACCCTGTCACCCAGGCTGGAGTGCAGTGGTGTAATCTCAGCTCACTGCAACCTCCACCTGCCAGGTTCAATTGATTCTCCTGCCTCAGCCTCCCCAGTAGCTGGGATTACAGGCACCTGCCACATGCCTGGCTAATTATTGTATTTTTAGTAGAGATGGGGTTTTACCATGTTGGCCAGGCTGGTCTCGATCCCCTGACCTCAGGTGATCCACCCACCTCGGCCTCCCAAAGTGCTGAGATCACAGGCGTGAGCCACCATGCCTGGCCGTCACCTGGTGGTGTTGAATATGAACTGCTGCGGTGTTGGTAAATTAAGCAAGCAGATAGATGTAAATAACGCTTGGGCAGGAATATGGAGCACGGGATGAGGATGGGCGGCCAACTGTTAGAGAGGGTAGCAGGGAGGCTGAGATCTGCCTGCCATGAACTGGGAGGAGAGGCTCCTCTCTCTCTTCACCCCCACTCTGCCCCCCAACACTCCTCAGAACTTATCCTCTCCTCTTCTTTCCCCAGGTGAACTTTGAACCAGG(配列番号1)
ATGGCTGAGCCCCGCCAGGAGTTCGAAGTGATGGAAGATCACGCTGGGACGTACGGGTTGGGGGACAGGAAAGATCAGGGGGGCTACACCATGCACCAAGACCAAGAGGGTGACACGGACGCTGGCCTGAAAGGTTAGTGGACAGCCATGCACAGCAGGCCCAGATCACTGCAAGCCAAGGGGTGGCGGGAACAGTTTGCATCCAGAATTGCAAAGAAATTTTAAATACATTATTGTCTTAGACTGTCAGTAAAGTAAAGCCTCATTAATTTGAGTGGGCCAAGATAACTCAAGCAGTGAGATAATGGCCAGACACGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGAAGGCCCAGGCAGGAGGATCCCTTGAGGCCAGGAATTTGAGACCGGCCTGGGCAACATAGCAAGACCCCGTCTCTAAAATAATTTAAAAATTAGCCAGGTGTTGTGGTGCATGTCTATAGTCCTAGCTACTCAGGATGCTGAGGCAGAAGGATCACTTGAGCCCAGGAGTTCAAGGTTGCAGTAAGCTGTGATTATAAAACTGCACTCCAGCCTGAGCAACAGAGCAAGACCCTGTCAAAAAAAAAAGAAAAGAAAAAAGAAAGAAAGAAATTTACCTTGAGTTACCCACATGAGTGAATGTAGGGACAGAGATTTTAGGGCCTTAACAATCTCTCAAATACAGGGTACTTTTTGAGGCATTAGCCACACCTGTTAGCTTATAAATCAGTGGTATTGATTAGCATGTAAAATATGTGACTTTAAACATTGCTTTTTATCTCTTACTTAGATC(配列番号2)
ATACTAAGCAGCCTGTGTATCTATACACTCACACGTGTTTGTTTATGTGTGGAATATCTCTGGAGGGTACACAAGAAACTTAAAATGATCACTGTCTCTGGGGAGGGTACCTGGGTGCCTGGGAGGCAGGTCAGGGAAGGAGTGGGCACAGGTATTACCAATTGGAAGACAATAAAAACAACAGCTCCTGGCCAGGCGCAGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATGGCAGCACTCTGAGAGGCTGAGGCGGGCAGATTGCTTGCGTCCAGGAGTTCAAGACCAGCCTGGGCAACATAGCAAAACCCCGTTTCTATTAAAAATACAAAAAATTAGCCAGGTGTGGTGGCATGCACCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCGGGAGGCTGAGGTGGGAGAATCACCTGAGCCTGGGAGGTCAAGGCTGCAGTGAGGTGAGATTGTGCCACCGCACTCTAGCCTGGGCGATAGAGCAAGACCCTGTCTCAAAAACAAACAAAAAACAGTCCCTGGCACTCTGGGCCAGGCCTGGCAGGGCAGTTGGCAGGGCTGGTCTTTCTCTGGCACTTCATCTCACCCTCCCTCCCTTCCTCTTCTTGCAGATTGAAACCCACAAGCTGACCTTCCGCGAGAACGCCAAAGCCAAGACAGACCACGGGGCGGAGATCGTGTACAAGTCGCCAGTGGTGTCTGGGGACACGTCTCCACGGCATCTCAGCAATGTCTCCTCCACCGGCAGCATCGACATGGTAGACTCGCCCCAGCTCGCCACGCTAGCTGACGAGGTGTCTGCCTCCCTGGCCAAGCAGGGTTTG(配列番号3)
TCAGGCCCCTGGGGCGGTCAATAATTGTGGAGAGGAGAGAATGAGAGAGTGTGGAAAAAAAAAGAATAATGACCCGGCCCCCGCCCTCTGCCCCCAGCTGCTCCTCGCAGTTCGGTTAATTGGTTAATCACTTAACCTGCTTTTGTCACTCGGCTTTGGCTCGGGACTTCAAAATCAGTGATGGGAGTAAGAGCAAATTTCATCTTTCCAAATTGATGGGTGGGCTAGTAATAAAATATTTAAAAAAAAACATTCAAAAACATGGCCACATCCAACATTTCCTCAGGCAATTCCTTTTGATTCTTTTTTCTTCCCCCTCCATGTAGAAGAGGGAGAAGGAGAGGCTCTGAAAGCTGCTTCTGGGGGATTTCAAGGGACTGGGGGTGCCAACCACCTCTGGCCCTGTTGTGGGGGTGTCACAGAGGCAGTGGCAGCAACAAAGGATTTGAAACTTGGTGTGTTCGTGGAGCCACAGGCAGACGATGTCAACCTTGTGTGAGTGTGACGGGGGTTGGGGTGGGGCGGGAGGCCACGGGGGAGGCCGAGGCAGGGGCTGGGCAGAGGGGAGAGGAAGCACAAGAAGTGGGAGTGGGAGAGGAAGCCACGTGCTGGAGAGTAGACATCCCCCTCCTTGCCGCTGGGAGAGCCAAGGCCTATGCCACCTGCAGCGTCTGAGCGGCCGCCTGTCCTTGGTGGCCGGGGGTGGGGGCCTGCTGTGGGTCAGTGTGCCACCCTCTGCAGGGCAGCCTGTGGGAGAAGGGACAGCGGGTAAAAAGAGAAGGCAAGCTGGCAGGAGGGTG(配列番号4)
AGGTGAACTTTGAACCAGGA(配列番号5)
ACAATTATTGACCGCCCCAG(配列番号6)
非特許文献(Mitsuru Ishikawa,et al.,Cells 2020,9,532;)の方法に従ってレンチウイルスの作製を行った。簡潔に記載すると、パッケージングコンストラクト(pCAG-HIVgp)、VSV-GおよびRev発現コンストラクト(pCMV-VSV-G-RSV-Rev)、self-inactivating (SIN)レンチウイルスベクターコントストラクト(CSIV-miR9/9*-124-mRFP1-TRE-EF-BsdT)の3種類のプラスミドを、HEK293T細胞にポリエチレンイミン(Polysciences)を用いてトランスフェクションすることでレンチウイルスを産生させた。さらに、培養上清を超遠心により濃縮し、レンチウイルスを濃縮した。濃縮後、lenti-Gostix PLUS(タカラバイオ)を用いて力価の測定を行い、実験に用いた。
CSIV-miR9/9*-124-mRFP1-TRE-EF-BsdT(図3)を示す。
非特許文献(Mitsuru Ishikawa,et al.,Cells 2020,9,532;)の方法に従って、図4に示すようなTransposaseベクター(pCMV-HyPBase-PGK-Puro)、rtTAベクター(PB-CAGrtTA3G-IH)、Neurogenin2(Ngn2)ベクター(PB-TET-PH-lox66FRT-NEUROG2)を作製した。これらベクターをStemFit(登録商標)で培養したiPS細胞に対して、GeneJuice(Novagen)を用いたリポフェクションで導入し、さらに、miR-9/9*-124遺伝子を含むレンチウイル(CSIV-miR9/9*-124-mRFP1-TRE-EF-BsdT)をiPS細胞に導入した。その後、Puromycin、Hygromycin, Blasticidin Sを用いた薬剤セレクションによって、ベクターが安定導入されたiPS細胞株を取得した。
(2)で作製したiPS細胞をTrypLE selectで剥離し、Poly-D-lysine(PDL)およびiMatrixでコーティングした96well plateまたは384well plateに播種した。Doxycycline(DOX)を含む神経誘導培地(Neurobasal plus培地(Thermo Fisher Scientific)に2%のB27 Plus supplement(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、1%のCulture One supplemet(Thermo Fisher Scientific)、200μmol/LのbcAMP、200μmol/LのL-ascorbic acid、10μmol/LのY27632、10μmol/LのDAPT(N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester)、4μg/mlのDoxを添加したもの)で培養することで神経細胞へ分化誘導した。分化誘導開始から6日目以降は神経維持培地(Neurobasal plus培地に2%のB27 Plus supplement、1%のCulture One supplement、200μmol/LのdbcAMP、200μmol/LのL-ascorbic acid、10ng/mLのBDNF(Brain-derived neurotrophic factor)を添加したもの)で培地交換し、19日間培養した後、蛍光顕微鏡で観察した。未編集のiPS細胞由来神経細胞をネガディブコントロールとして観察を行った。結果を図5に示す。図5に示す通り、N末端型(TagGFP2-Tau)神経細胞およびC末端型(Tau-TagGFP2)神経細胞の両方で蛍光が観察された。N末端型(TagGFP2-Tau)神経細胞の方が、C末端型(Tau-TagGFP2)神経細胞より蛍光が強かった。
神経誘導5日目の神経細胞をTrypLE Selectで剥離した。PDLおよびiMatrixによりコーティングした96well plateに対し、1×104cells/wellの細胞数で播種した。培養には神経再播種培地(Neurobasal plus:DMEM/F12 HAM=1:1の培地に、2%のB27 Plus supplement、1%のCulture One supplemet、200μmol/LのdbcAMP、200μmol/LのL-ascorbic acid、2μg/mlのDoxを添加したもの)を用いて培養した。また、神経細胞に対して1~2μmol/LのTau Accell siRNA(Dharmacon, #D-001910-03)を処置し、約2週間培養した。生細胞のまま、TagGFP2-Tauの蛍光撮像(Excitation 485nm/Emission 535nm)および明視野撮像を、In Cell Analyzer 6000(GEヘルスケア)を用いて行った。神経突起における蛍光強度、または陽性神経突起長をタウ発現量の指標とすることで神経細胞内のタウ発現を定量した。また、明視野撮像によって神経突起長により神経細胞毒性を定量した。結果を図6に示す。図6に示す通り、TagGFP2蛍光強度およびTagGFP2陽性突起長が低下していたことから、神経細胞内のタウ量が低下していることを検出できた。さらに、Tau siRNA処置により位相差突起長が明確に変化しなかったことも同時に確認できた。
Claims (18)
- タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有する、多能性幹細胞。
- 多能性幹細胞がヒト多能性幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の多能性幹細胞。
- 多能性幹細胞が人工多能性幹細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の多能性幹細胞。
- レポーター分子が蛍光タンパク質である、請求項1から3の何れか一項に記載の多能性幹細胞。
- レポーター分子をコードするDNAが、内因性タウ遺伝子の上流側に位置している、請求項1から4の何れか一項に記載の多能性幹細胞。
- 請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の多能性幹細胞から分化した神経細胞。
- タウタンパク質とレポーター分子との融合タンパク質が発現している、請求項6に記載の神経細胞。
- タウタンパク質がレポーター分子との融合タンパク質として発現されるように、内因性タウ遺伝子に隣接して導入された、レポーター分子をコードするDNAを有する、神経細胞。
- 株化神経細胞または初代神経細胞である、請求項8に記載の神経細胞。
- レポーター分子が蛍光タンパク質である、請求項8又は9に記載の神経細胞。
- レポーター分子をコードするDNAが、内因性タウ遺伝子の上流側に位置している、請求項8から10の何れか一項に記載の神経細胞。
- 請求項1から5の何れか一項に記載の多能性幹細胞又は請求項6から11の何れか一項に記載の神経細胞を用いる、物質のスクリーニング方法。
- タウの発現量の増減の評価、又はタウの細胞内における分布の評価を、レポーター分子の発現に基づいて行う、請求項12に記載の方法。
- タウの発現量の増減を、レポーター分子の発現強度に基づいて評価する、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 請求項12から14の何れか一項に記載の方法でスクリーニングされた物質。
- タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流および下流のHomology armとレポーター分子をコードするDNAを含むTargeting vectorと、タウ遺伝子の切断部位を決定するgRNAを含む、キット。
- タウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号1に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号2に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であるか、あるいはタウ遺伝子挿入部位の上流のHomology armが配列番号3に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列であり、タウ遺伝子挿入部位の下流のHomology armが配列番号4に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性をもつ配列である、請求項16に記載のキット。
- gRNAが配列番号5又は6に記載の配列と90%以上の同一性を有する配列を標的配列とする、<17>に記載のキット。
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