JP2021508643A - ハイブリッドパワートレイン - Google Patents
ハイブリッドパワートレイン Download PDFInfo
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- JP2021508643A JP2021508643A JP2020540283A JP2020540283A JP2021508643A JP 2021508643 A JP2021508643 A JP 2021508643A JP 2020540283 A JP2020540283 A JP 2020540283A JP 2020540283 A JP2020540283 A JP 2020540283A JP 2021508643 A JP2021508643 A JP 2021508643A
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Classifications
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- B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
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Abstract
Description
・重量ペナルティ、
・費用、
・長充電時間、
・外部の充電インフラの必要性、
・走行距離/走行持続時間、
という欠陥がある。こうした欠陥は、いわゆる「走行距離不安」、すなわち、車両が目的地に到達するまでの走行距離が短いので、車両乗員は道中で立ち往生させられるだろうという不安を明示し得る。
・外部の充電インフラ、および長時間充電/低速充電に依拠する必要なく電気機械の利点を生かすこと、
・エネルギー蓄積デバイスの重量ペナルティおよび罰則コストを削減すること、
のうちの1または複数を提供できるハイブリッドパワートレインのニーズが依然として存在する。
F=ma=mΔV/Δt(質量×(経時的速度変化))
a. 容量性蓄積エネルギーを備える少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスと、
b.少なくとも容量性蓄積エネルギーに充電/再充電する際に使用するためのオンボード充電システムなどの充電システム、および/または電力源を駆動するように動作可能に接続される少なくとも1つの内燃エンジン(ICE)と、
c. 容量性蓄積エネルギーに充電/再充電するとき、第1のモードから、第1のモードよりも燃費が良い第2のモードに動作を遷移するようにICEを制御するように配置および構成される制御装置と、を含む。
・低キロボルト(rpm/電圧)(逆起電力定数としても知られる)ジェネレータと、
・高トルク低rpmで最適化するのが好ましい内燃エンジン(ICE)と、
・低rpmで高電圧および充電電流を生み出す任意選択の固定歯車のトルクマルチプライヤーと、
を含むことができる。
・低rpmで高トルクの最適化された内燃エンジンと、
・トルクマルチプライヤーと、
の1または複数の組み合わせにより、ICEは、ICEが車両を直接駆動するのに使用されてきた場合と比べて、大抵動作中その「スイートスポット」での動作が可能になる。
i)静止、
ii)加速、
iii)定速、および
iv)減速
である。
・静止状態の間、電流はゼロであり、スロットル位置センサはゼロであり、ブレーキスイッチはオンである。
・減速の間、電流はゼロになり、スロットル位置はゼロになり、速度は経時的に減少することになり、ブレーキスイッチはオンまたはオフであってもよい。
・加速の間、電流はゼロより大きくなり、スロットル位置はゼロより大きくなり、速度はやがて上昇することになる。
・定速の間、電流はゼロより大きくなり、スロットル位置はゼロより大きくなり、速度変化はやがて小範囲になる。
・減速の間、ブレーキがオンのとき、回生が作動し得る。
解釈
Claims (26)
- 可変の負荷要求を有する車両または固定式装置を備えるハイブリッドパワーシステムを動作する方法であって、
加速の間または内燃エンジン(ICE)への高負荷要求がされる間に少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスに容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するように前記ICEおよびジェネレータまたは電気機械を動作することを含む
方法。 - 前記容量性蓄積エネルギー内のエネルギーが前記車両の次の加速サイクルで利用可能になるように前記エネルギーを回収するためにオンボード充電が利用される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加速または前記高負荷要求は、前記ICEのスロットル開口の、または前記ICEの最大トルク容量の、少なくとも30パーセント以上である、請求項1または請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記加速または前記高負荷要求は、前記ICEがフルスロットル開度、または前記ICEがほぼフルスロットル開度である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 所望の1分間当たり回転数(rpm)の範囲内で、または所望のrpmで動作して、前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するように前記ICEの動作を制御することを含む、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記容量性蓄積エネルギーが、少なくとも1つのウルトラキャパシタ(UC)、少なくとも1つのスーパーキャパシタ、または少なくとも1つの前記ウルトラキャパシタおよび少なくとも1つの前記スーパーキャパシタの組み合わせを備える、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスに容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電する場合、第1の動作モードから前記第1の動作モードよりも前記ICEに対してより効率的なモードである第2の動作モードに、前記ICEの動作を遷移する段階を含む、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスの容量性蓄積を利用している間に前記第2の動作モードで動作し、少なくとも1つの前記電気機械に電力を供給するように前記ICEを制御する、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記ICEの前記第2の動作モードが、前記第1の動作モードよりも高燃費の動作モードであり、および/または前記第1の動作モードよりも前記ICEの排気が好ましい出力である、請求項7または請求項8に記載の方法。
- 閾値電圧に、または閾値電圧以上に前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電する場合、前記ICEは前記第1の動作モードに戻るように制御される、または、前記ICEは、前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを閾値電圧または充電レベルに、または閾値電圧または充電レベル以上に維持するように制御される、請求項7から請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電することになる場合、前記第1の動作モードよりも前記第2の動作モードの方が前記ICEの燃料効率がより良くなる場合に、前記第1の動作モードから前記第2の動作モードに遷移して前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するように前記ICEを制御することによって、前記ICEの加重平均燃費を最適化する段階を含む、請求項7から請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記方法を車両動作に適用するとき、前記ICEが前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するモードで動作する場合に、回生制動は提供されない、または、回生制動が前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するためには利用されない、請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ICEの動作モードが比較的低効率の場合、少なくとも1つの前記電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスを使用して前記車両または前記固定式装置に電力を供給するか、または前記車両または前記固定式装置への電力供給を増大して、
前記ICEの動作モードが比較的高効率の場合、前記ICEを使用して前記少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスを充電/再充電する、請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスが前記車両または前記固定式装置に電力を供給する間、前記ICEはアイドリングモードまたはオフになり、前記ICEは、前記少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスの出力電圧が閾値へと低下する、または閾値以下に低下する場合、前記少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスに充電/再充電するように動作する、請求項1から13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 定速状態の間、まず前記容量性蓄積エネルギー内のエネルギーが使用され、次いで、定速を維持するための電力必要量を供給するために充電/再充電を(再)開始する、請求項1から14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 充電電圧と前記容量性蓄積エネルギーの電圧との間のデルタ電圧が十分な電流を供給される結果、供給される電圧と電流との積が、燃料の効率的な削減を最大にするように、および蓄電された電気エネルギーが加速状態の間に利用可能になるように前記容量性蓄積エネルギーに充電するのに必要な電力を確実に生み出すように前記ICEのrpmが変わる、請求項1から15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 可変の負荷要求を有する車両または固定式装置に電力を供給するハイブリッドパワーシステムであって、前記ハイブリッドパワーシステムは、加速の間または内燃エンジン(ICE)への高負荷要求がされる間に少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスに容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するジェネレータまたは電気機械を動作するように制御される前記ICEを含む、
システム。 - 前記加速または前記高負荷要求は、前記ICEのスロットル開口の、または前記ICEの最大トルク容量の、少なくとも30パーセント以上である、請求項17に記載のシステム。
- 前記加速または前記高負荷要求は、エンジンがフルスロットル開度である、請求項17または請求項18に記載のシステム。
- a.容量性蓄積エネルギーを備える少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスと、
b.少なくとも前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電する際に使用するための、オンボード充電システムなどの充電システム、および/またはジェネレータまたは電気機械などの電力源を駆動するように動作可能に接続される少なくとも1つの内燃エンジン(ICE)と、
c.前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電するときに、第1のモードから、前記第1のモードよりも燃料効率がより良い第2のモードに動作を遷移するように前記ICEを制御するよう配置および構成される制御装置と、
を含む、請求項17から請求項19のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記少なくとも1つのエネルギー蓄積デバイスの容量性蓄積を充電/再充電するのに十分である第2のモードで、所望の1分間当たり回転数(rpm)の範囲内で前記ICEが動作するように構成される、請求項17から請求項20のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 制御装置は、前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電/再充電して前記少なくとも1つの電気エネルギー蓄積デバイスおよび/または前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを最小電圧以上に維持するように前記ICEを動作するよう配置および構成される、請求項17から請求項21のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 制御装置は、前記ICEの動作を第1のモードから第2のモードに遷移するように配置および構成され、前記第2のモードは、少なくとも前記容量性蓄積エネルギーを充電するために、前記第1のモードよりもrpmが高くなっている、請求項17から請求項22のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記システムの状態がオンボード充電システムおよび/または電力源の動作を決定し、ECUなどの制御装置が、電圧、電流、スロットル位置、ブレーキペダル位置、トルク要求、rpmおよび速度の1または複数の入力を受け取る、請求項17から請求項23のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記状態は、
a.静止状態の間、前記電流はゼロになり、スロットル位置センサはゼロになり、ブレーキスイッチはオンである入力値、または
b.減速の間、前記電流はゼロになり、前記スロットル位置はゼロになり、前記速度は経時的に減少することになり、前記ブレーキスイッチはオンであってもまたはオフであってもよい入力値、または
c.加速の間、前記電流はゼロより大きくなり、前記スロットル位置はゼロより大きくなり、前記速度は経時的に上昇することになる入力値、または
d.定速の間、前記電流はゼロより大きくなり、前記スロットル位置はゼロより大きくなり、および経時的速度変化は小範囲になる入力値、または
e.減速の間、かつブレーキがオンになっている間、回生が作動し得る入力値
によって特定可能になる、請求項24に記載のシステム。 - 最適化されたオンボード充電システム、および/または低rpm(低キロボルト)での高電圧出力、および低rpmでの高電流出力のための電力源を含む、または、低rpmで高トルク出力を有する最適化された内燃エンジン(ICE)を含む、請求項17から請求項25のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
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