JP2020520778A - 脳の交差短パルス電気刺激 - Google Patents
脳の交差短パルス電気刺激 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2017年5月18日出願の米国特許仮出願第62/508251号の優先利益を主張するものであり、あらゆる目的に対してその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本開示は一般に、経頭蓋電気刺激のシステム及び方法に関する。より詳細には、本開示は、空間的及び/又は時間的な選択手法でニューロン活動及び/又はグリア活動と相互作用する交差短パルス電気刺激のシステム及び方法に関する。
[NNN]
ヒト被験者において可変なISP強度を用いるセッションの代替実現では、フォトトランジスタ及びダイオードをADG412高速アナログスイッチ(Analog Devices、米国マサチューセッツ州ノーウッド)に置き換え、制御TTL信号をPIC18F4525(Microchip、米国アリゾナ州チャンドラー)マイクロコントローラで生成し、ADuM1400(Analog Devices)デジタルアイソレータで絶縁した。この後者の回路は、ISP及びTESパルスの空間効果を比較する際に、ラットの実験にも使用した。
Claims (20)
- 電気脳刺激用システムであって、
複数の電極群を成して配置された複数の電極を備え、
各電極群は少なくとも2又は3以上の電極を備え、少なくとも1つの電極が、前記電極群の要素間に電圧差が発生するように異なる電位レベルに設定され、
前記複数の電極は、
患者の頭皮の外側表面、
前記患者の頭蓋の外側表面、
前記患者の頭蓋内の前記患者の脳又は硬膜表面、又は
前記患者の脳内の内の1つに配置され、
前記電気脳刺激用システムは、さらに、
少なくとも1つの接地独立型スイッチを介して前記電極群を選択的に有効化及び無効化するように構成された接地独立型スイッチ回路を備え、
前記各電極群内で異なる電位レベルに設定された前記電極を接続する軸線又は発生した電場の軸線は、1又は2以上の所定の焦点で交差し、
前記独立型スイッチ回路は、前記電極群を順次的に有効化及び無効化するようにプログラムされ、
前記システムは、前記2又は3以上の有効化された電極を介して送達される複数の独立した連続電気パルスの効果を時間的に積分する電荷積分機構を実施するためにニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の容量特性を利用する、
ことを特徴とするシステム。 - 前記複数の電極の各電極は、1又は2以上の電極群の要素である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数の電極の各電極は、ただ1つの電極群の要素である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 1サイクルは、前記電極群の各電極についての1つの有効化と1つの無効化とを含み、前記サイクルの持続時間が1〜100ミリ秒である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記各電極群が、3.5ms未満の間有効化される、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記電極群の何れかの連続する再有効化間の休止時間が、先行する有効化の前記持続時間の少なくとも2倍の長さである、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 複数の高強度パルスは、前記ニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の前記容量特性並びに結果として生じる時間的積分に起因して、前記焦点において滑らかな連続的統合刺激として、脳組織の何れかの細胞によって知覚される、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 1サイクルは、1つの電極群内の各電極について1つの有効化と1つの無効化とを含み、前記サイクルの持続時間は、前記ニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の時定数より小さい、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記接地独立型スイッチ回路は、
2又は3以上の信号線を接続又は切断するように構成された、前記少なくとも1つの接地独立型スイッチと、
少なくとも1つのダイオードと、
前記少なくとも1つの接地独立型スイッチを駆動するように構成された指令回路と、
を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの接地独立型スイッチはフォトトランジスタを備える、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記接地独立型スイッチ回路は、2又は3以上の信号線を接続又は切断するように構成された複数の接地独立型スイッチと、前記複数の接地独立型スイッチを駆動するように構成された指令回路と、を備え、
前記複数の接地独立型スイッチは複数のフォトトランジスタを備え、
前記各電極の極は、直列に接続された2つのフォトトランジスタのコレクタ−エミッタ接続に接続される、請求項9に記載のシステム。 - 前記複数の電極は複数の小さな表面電極を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記複数の電極は複数の大きなスポンジ電極を備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 電流源又は電圧源を更に備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記電極群が電極対を備え、前記電極対の2つの電極は、第1の電極が前記電流源又は電圧源の1つの極に一時的に又は常に物理的に接続され、第2の電極が前記電流源又は電圧源の第2の極に接続されるように構成される、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 電気脳刺激の方法であって、
複数の電極を患者の頭皮の外側表面、前記患者の頭蓋の外側表面、前記患者の頭蓋内の前記患者の脳又は硬膜表面、又は前記患者の脳内に複数の電極群を成して配置するステップを含み、
各電極群は少なくとも2又は3以上の電極を備え、少なくとも1つの電極は、電極群の要素間に電圧差が発生するように異なる電位レベルに設定され、
前記方法は、さらに、
少なくとも1つの接地独立型スイッチを介して電極群を選択的に有効化及び無効化するステップを含み、
各電極群内で異なる電位レベルに設定された電極を接続する軸線又は発生した電場の軸線は、1又は2以上の所定の焦点で交差し、
前記2又は3以上の有効化された電極を介して送達される複数の独立した連続電気パルスの効果を時間的に積分する電荷積分機構を実施するためにニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の容量特性を利用する、方法。 - 無効化された電極は、刺激回路から電気的に切り離されて、接続された有効電極によって発生した電気勾配を分岐させないようにする、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 1サイクルは、1つの電極群内の各電極について1つの有効化と1つの無効化とを含み、前記サイクルの持続時間は、前記ニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の時定数より小さい、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記ニューロン及び/又はグリア細胞膜の前記時定数は1〜100ミリ秒である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 各電極群は3.5ms未満の間、有効化される、請求項19に記載の方法。
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