JP2020114804A - Porous carbon material - Google Patents
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001237 Raman spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 80
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 60
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 45
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、多孔質炭素材料に関する。 The present invention relates to a porous carbon material.
従来、活性炭などの多孔質の炭素材料は、莫大な比表面積による高い反応効率等を利用して、各種電池の電極など、様々な用途に用いられている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。ただし、使用される用途によって、多孔質の炭素材料に要求される物性や品質等が異なっているため、所望の物性や品質等を有する多孔質の炭素材料を得ることが重要となっている。 BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, porous carbon materials such as activated carbon have been used for various applications such as electrodes of various batteries by utilizing high reaction efficiency due to an enormous specific surface area (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, since the physical properties and qualities required for the porous carbon material differ depending on the intended use, it is important to obtain a porous carbon material having the desired physical properties and qualities.
所望の物性や品質等を有する多孔質の炭素材料を製造する方法として、例えば、重合性単量体またはそれを含む組成物を、単量体または組成物には不溶であるコロイド結晶体中に含浸させた配合組成物を用いて重合体を得る工程と、不活性ガス雰囲気下、８００〜３０００℃で焼成する工程と、コロイド結晶体が可溶な溶媒に浸漬してコロイド結晶体を溶解除去する工程とを有し、空孔がマクロ的に結晶構造を構成する３次元的規則性を有する配置で配列した多孔質炭素材料を製造する方法（例えば、特許文献２参照）や、アクリロニトリル系単量体と親水性ビニル単量体との共重合体からなるポリアクリロニトリル共重合体などのポリマーＡと、異種のポリマーＢとを有機溶媒に混合し、エマルションを形成させた後に、ポリマーＡの貧溶媒接触させることにより、ポリマーＡを析出させる方法で子粒子を含有した合成樹脂微粒子を得、その子粒子含有合成樹脂微粒子を炭化焼成させることにより、粒子径分布が狭く、特定の大きさの多孔質構造を含む多孔質炭素材料を製造する方法（例えば、特許文献３参照）がある。 As a method for producing a porous carbon material having a desired physical property, quality, etc., for example, a polymerizable monomer or a composition containing the polymerizable monomer is added to a colloidal crystal insoluble in the monomer or the composition. A step of obtaining a polymer using the impregnated compounded composition, a step of firing at 800 to 3000° C. under an inert gas atmosphere, and a colloidal crystal body is immersed in a solvent in which it is dissolved to remove the colloidal crystal body. And a method for producing a porous carbon material in which pores are arranged in a three-dimensional regular arrangement in which macroscopic crystal structures are formed (see, for example, Patent Document 2), and an acrylonitrile-based single A polymer A such as a polyacrylonitrile copolymer made of a copolymer of a monomer and a hydrophilic vinyl monomer and a different polymer B are mixed with an organic solvent to form an emulsion, and then the polymer A Synthetic resin fine particles containing child particles are obtained by a method of precipitating polymer A by bringing them into contact with a solvent, and the synthetic resin fine particles containing child particles are carbonized and baked to obtain a porous particle having a narrow particle size distribution and a specific size. There is a method for producing a porous carbon material including a structure (for example, refer to Patent Document 3).
なお、本発明者等により、表面または全体に微小気孔を有する金属部材を製造することができる、いわゆる金属溶湯脱成分法が開発されている（例えば、特許文献４参照）。 The inventors of the present invention have developed a so-called molten metal decomposing method capable of producing a metal member having fine pores on the surface or on the whole surface (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
特許文献２および３に記載の多孔質炭素材料の製造方法によれば、それぞれの要求に応じた物性や品質を有する多孔質炭素材料を製造することができるが、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料を製造するものではないという課題があった。また、多孔質炭素材料を製造する工程が複雑であるという課題もあった。 According to the method for producing a porous carbon material described in Patent Documents 2 and 3, it is possible to produce a porous carbon material having physical properties and qualities according to respective requirements, but a porous carbon material having a desired shape There was a problem that the material was not manufactured. In addition, there is a problem that the process of manufacturing the porous carbon material is complicated.
本発明は、このような課題に着目してなされたもので、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料を容易に製造可能な新たな多孔質炭素材料の製造方法により製造することができる多孔質炭素材料を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a porous carbon that can be produced by a new method for producing a porous carbon material that can easily produce a porous carbon material having a desired shape. The purpose is to provide the material.
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、炭素を含む化合物、合金または非平衡合金から成り、所望の形状を有する炭素含有材料を、この炭素含有材料の融点よりも低い凝固点を有し、前記炭素含有材料から前記炭素以外の他の主成分が減少して前記炭素に至るまでの組成変動範囲内における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度に制御された溶融金属に接触させることにより、前記炭素含有材料の外形を維持したまま、前記他の主成分を選択的に前記溶融金属に溶出させて、微小間隙を有する炭素材料を得ることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention comprises a carbon-containing compound, an alloy or a non-equilibrium alloy, and a carbon-containing material having a desired shape from the melting point of the carbon-containing material. Also has a low freezing point, and was controlled to a temperature lower than the minimum value of the liquidus temperature within the composition variation range from the carbon-containing material to the carbon, in which other main components other than the carbon decrease. It is characterized in that by contacting with the molten metal, the other main component is selectively eluted into the molten metal while maintaining the outer shape of the carbon-containing material to obtain a carbon material having a minute gap.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、炭素含有材料から炭素以外の他の主成分を選択的に溶融金属に溶出させることにより、残存した炭素同士が結合を繰り返し、ナノメートル寸法を有する粒子を形成する。さらに、これらの粒子が部分的に結合するため、メソ孔（径２ｎｍ〜６０ｎｍ）やマクロ孔（径６０ｎｍ以上）などの微小間隙を有するバルク状の多孔質炭素材料を得ることができる。このとき、炭素含有材料の外形を維持したまま、炭素以外の他の主成分の溶出、粒子の形成および結合が進むため、炭素含有材料の外形と同じ外形を有する多孔質炭素材料を得ることができる。このため、所望の形状の炭素含有材料を使用することにより、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料を得ることができる。 The method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention is a method of selectively eluting a main component other than carbon from a carbon-containing material into a molten metal, whereby residual carbons are repeatedly bonded to each other, and particles having a nanometer size. To form. Furthermore, since these particles are partially bonded, it is possible to obtain a bulky porous carbon material having fine gaps such as mesopores (diameter 2 nm to 60 nm) and macropores (diameter 60 nm or more). At this time, elution of other main components other than carbon, formation of particles, and bonding proceed while maintaining the outer shape of the carbon-containing material, so that a porous carbon material having the same outer shape as that of the carbon-containing material can be obtained. it can. Therefore, a porous carbon material having a desired shape can be obtained by using a carbon-containing material having a desired shape.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、いわゆる金属溶湯脱成分法を利用した、これまでにない全く新しい多孔質炭素材料の製造方法である。本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、溶融金属の温度制御のみで、比較的容易かつ低コストで所望の形状の多孔質炭素材料を製造することができる。なお、本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、溶融金属の温度や、炭素含有材料と溶融金属との接触時間、炭素含有材料内の炭素成分比を変化させることによって、製造される多孔質炭素材料の間隙サイズや間隙率を変化させることができる。 The method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention is an entirely new method for producing a porous carbon material, which utilizes a so-called molten metal decomponenting method. In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, the porous carbon material having a desired shape can be produced relatively easily and at low cost only by controlling the temperature of the molten metal. The method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention is a porous metal produced by changing the temperature of the molten metal, the contact time between the carbon-containing material and the molten metal, and the carbon component ratio in the carbon-containing material. The gap size and porosity of the carbon material can be changed.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、前記溶融金属に接触させる前に、前記炭素含有材料を所望の形状に形成しておくことが好ましい。この場合、シート状や球状など、任意の形状の多孔質炭素材料を容易に製造することができる。特に、炭素を含む金属溶湯を急冷凝固させることにより、前記炭素含有材料を球状に形成しておき、前記炭素含有材料を前記溶融金属に接触させることにより、微小間隙を有する球状の炭素材料を得てもよい。この場合、球状の多孔質炭素材料を容易に製造することができる。炭素含有材料を球状に形成する方法として、アトマイズ法を利用することができる。 In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, it is preferable that the carbon-containing material is formed into a desired shape before being brought into contact with the molten metal. In this case, a porous carbon material having an arbitrary shape such as a sheet shape or a spherical shape can be easily manufactured. In particular, the carbon-containing material is formed into a spherical shape by rapidly solidifying a molten metal containing carbon, and the spherical carbon material having a minute gap is obtained by bringing the carbon-containing material into contact with the molten metal. May be. In this case, the spherical porous carbon material can be easily manufactured. An atomizing method can be used as a method of forming the carbon-containing material into a spherical shape.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法は、炭素含有材料の炭素以外の他の主成分を溶融金属に溶出可能であれば、いかなる方法で炭素含有材料を溶融金属に接触させてもよい。例えば、前記炭素含有材料を前記溶融金属から成る金属浴に浸すことにより、前記他の主成分を選択的に前記金属浴内に溶出させて、前記炭素材料を得てもよい。また、前記炭素含有材料の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する固体金属を、あらかじめ前記炭素含有材料に接触するよう配置しておき、前記固体金属を加熱して前記溶融金属にすることにより、前記他の主成分を選択的に前記溶融金属に溶出させて、前記炭素材料を得てもよい。 In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, the carbon-containing material may be contacted with the molten metal by any method as long as the main component other than carbon of the carbon-containing material can be eluted into the molten metal. For example, the carbon material may be obtained by immersing the carbon-containing material in a metal bath made of the molten metal to selectively elute the other main component into the metal bath. Further, a solid metal having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the carbon-containing material is arranged in advance so as to come into contact with the carbon-containing material, and the solid metal is heated to the molten metal, thereby The carbon material may be obtained by selectively eluting the main component into the molten metal.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法で、前記炭素材料を前記溶融金属から離した後、酸またはアルカリ水溶液により、周囲または前記微小間隙の内部に付着した、前記溶融金属の成分および／または前記他の主成分を含む付着混和体のみを選択的に溶出して除去することが好ましい。この場合、炭素を溶出させず付着混和体のみを選択的に溶出することのできる酸またはアルカリ水溶液を使用することにより、炭素を主成分とし、付着混和体が除去された、所望の形状の多孔質炭素材料を得ることができる。なお、除去される付着混和体は、例えば、得られる炭素材料の周囲に付着したり、微小間隙の内部に一部付着したり、微小間隙の内部に充填されたりしている。 In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, after the carbon material is separated from the molten metal, an acid or alkali aqueous solution adheres to the surroundings or the inside of the minute gaps, and/or the molten metal component. It is preferable to selectively elute and remove only the admixture containing other main components. In this case, by using an acid or alkali aqueous solution capable of selectively eluting only the admixture without elution of carbon, a porous material having a desired shape, containing carbon as a main component and having the admixture removed, is used. Quality carbon material can be obtained. The adhering admixture to be removed is, for example, adhering around the obtained carbon material, partially adhering inside the minute gap, or being filled inside the minute gap.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法で、前記溶融金属は、Ａｇ，Ｂｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｇｅ，Ｈｇ，Ｉｎ，Ｉｒ，Ｐｂ，Ｐｔ，Ｒｈ，Ｓｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｚｎ、または、これらのうちの少なくとも一つを主成分とする合金である混和体から成り、前記他の主成分は、Ａｌ，Ｂ，Ｂｅ，Ｃａ，Ｃｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｄｙ，Ｅｒ，Ｅｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｇｄ，Ｈｆ，Ｈｏ，Ｋ，Ｌａ，Ｌｉ，Ｌｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｎａ，Ｎｂ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｒ，Ｓｃ，Ｓｅ，Ｓｉ，Ｓｍ，Ｓｒ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｗ，Ｚｒのいずれか一つ、もしくは、その複数を含む混和体から成ることが好ましい。この場合、特に効率的に所望の形状の多孔質炭素材料を得ることができる。 In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, the molten metal is Ag, Bi, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, In, Ir, Pb, Pt, Rh, Sb, Sn, Zn, or among these. Of Al, B, Be, Ca, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, and Al, B, Be, Ca, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho, Any one of K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Pr, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, Zr, or its It is preferably composed of a plurality of admixtures. In this case, the porous carbon material having a desired shape can be obtained particularly efficiently.
本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法で、前記他の主成分を選択的に前記溶融金属に溶出させる工程は、不活性雰囲気中もしくは真空雰囲気中で行われる、または、前記溶融金属にフラックスを添加して大気中で行われることが好ましい。この場合、溶融金属が酸化するのを防ぐことができる。 In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to the present invention, the step of selectively eluting the other main component into the molten metal is performed in an inert atmosphere or a vacuum atmosphere, or a flux is applied to the molten metal. It is preferable to add and perform in air. In this case, it is possible to prevent the molten metal from oxidizing.
本発明に係る球状の多孔質炭素材料は、球状を成し、微小間隙を有することを特徴とする。本発明に係る球状の多孔質炭素材料は、全気孔体積中、２乃至２００ｎｍの大きさの気孔を８０％以上含み、ＢＥＴ比表面積が１００ｍ２／ｇ以上であることが好ましい。本発明に係る球状の多孔質炭素材料は、特に、本発明に関する多孔質炭素材料の製造方法により製造されることが好ましい。 The spherical porous carbon material according to the present invention is characterized by forming a spherical shape and having minute gaps. The spherical porous carbon material according to the present invention preferably contains 80% or more of pores having a size of 2 to 200 nm in the total pore volume and has a BET specific surface area of 100 m 2 /g or more. The spherical porous carbon material according to the present invention is particularly preferably manufactured by the method for manufacturing a porous carbon material according to the present invention.
本発明によれば、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料を容易に製造可能な新たな多孔質炭素材料の製造方法により製造することができる多孔質炭素材料を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a porous carbon material that can be manufactured by a new method for manufacturing a porous carbon material that can easily manufacture a porous carbon material having a desired shape.
以下、実施例を挙げながら、本発明の実施の形態について説明する。
本発明に関する実施の形態の多孔質炭素材料の製造方法では、まず、炭素含有材料として、炭素と炭素以外の他の主成分とを含む化合物、合金または非平衡合金から成る前駆体を、所望の形状に作製する。例えば、図１に示すＭｎ−Ｃ系状態図を参考にして、炭素以外の他の成分をＭｎとした、Ｍｎ−Ｃ系の前駆合金を作製する。なお、Ｍｎやその合金の溶融体は一般に酸化しやすいため、溶製の際は、アルゴン等の不活性雰囲気中で行うことが好ましい。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to examples.
In the method for producing a porous carbon material according to an embodiment of the present invention, first, as a carbon-containing material, a precursor containing a compound containing carbon and another main component other than carbon, an alloy or a non-equilibrium alloy is desired. Make into a shape. For example, referring to the Mn—C system phase diagram shown in FIG. 1, a Mn—C system precursor alloy containing Mn as a component other than carbon is prepared. Since the melt of Mn and its alloy is generally easily oxidized, it is preferable to perform the melting in an inert atmosphere such as argon.
次に、図２（ａ）に示すように、作製された前駆体の炭素含有材料１１を、その炭素含有材料１１の融点よりも低い凝固点を有する金属浴１２の内部に、所定の時間浸漬する。このとき、金属浴１２を、炭素含有材料１１から炭素以外の他の主成分が減少して炭素に至るまでの組成変動範囲内における液相線温度の最小値よりも低い温度に制御する。例えば、炭素含有材料１１としてＭｎ−Ｃ系の前駆合金を使用した場合には、図１に示す状態図から、金属浴１２を、Ｍｎが減少してＣに至るまでの組成変動範囲内における液相線温度の最小値１２３１℃よりも低い温度に制御する。なお、この場合、６００℃以下では反応が起こりにくいため、金属浴１２を６００℃以上にすることが好ましい。 Next, as shown in FIG. 2A, the prepared carbon-containing material 11 as a precursor is immersed in a metal bath 12 having a freezing point lower than the melting point of the carbon-containing material 11 for a predetermined time. .. At this time, the metal bath 12 is controlled to a temperature lower than the minimum value of the liquidus temperature in the composition variation range from the carbon-containing material 11 to the reduction of other main components other than carbon to carbon. For example, when a Mn—C-based precursor alloy is used as the carbon-containing material 11, the liquid in the composition variation range from the state diagram shown in FIG. The temperature is controlled to be lower than the minimum phase line temperature of 1231°C. In this case, since the reaction does not easily occur at 600° C. or lower, it is preferable to set the temperature of the metal bath 12 to 600° C. or higher.
金属浴１２に浸漬する時間は、金属浴１２や前駆体の炭素含有材料１１の成分により様々であるが、例えば、金属浴１２としてＢｉ溶湯やＡｇ溶湯を用い、炭素含有材料１１としてＭｎ−Ｃ系前駆体を浸漬した場合には、約５〜１０分程度である。また、例えば、金属浴１２としてＢｉ溶湯を用い、炭素含有材料１１としてＭｎ−Ｃ系前駆体を浸漬した場合には、密度差により、粉末状のＭｎ−Ｃ系前駆体が溶湯表面に浮かぶため、浸漬している間は、棒などで前駆体と溶湯とを撹拌することが好ましい。また、Ｂｉやその合金の溶融体は一般に酸化しやすいため、金属浴１２としてこれを用いた脱成分行程は、アルゴン等の不活性雰囲気中や真空雰囲気中で行うことが好ましい。 The time for immersing in the metal bath 12 varies depending on the components of the metal bath 12 and the precursor carbon-containing material 11, but, for example, Bi melt or Ag melt is used as the metal bath 12 and Mn-C is used as the carbon-containing material 11. When the system precursor is dipped, it takes about 5 to 10 minutes. Further, for example, when Bi molten metal is used as the metal bath 12 and Mn—C based precursor is immersed as the carbon-containing material 11, powdery Mn—C based precursor floats on the molten metal surface due to the difference in density. During the immersion, it is preferable to stir the precursor and the molten metal with a rod or the like. Further, since the melted material of Bi and its alloys is generally easily oxidized, it is preferable that the decomposing process using this as the metal bath 12 is performed in an inert atmosphere such as argon or in a vacuum atmosphere.
金属浴１２に浸漬することにより、炭素含有材料１１から炭素以外の他の主成分（例えば、Ｍｎ）を選択的に金属浴１２の内部に溶出させることができる。これにより、金属浴１２の内部に残存した炭素同士が結合を繰り返し、ナノメートル寸法を有する粒子を形成する。さらに、これらの粒子が部分的に結合するため、メソ孔（径２ｎｍ〜６０ｎｍ）やマクロ孔（径６０ｎｍ以上）などの微小間隙を有するバルク状の多孔質炭素材料１３を得ることができる。このとき、炭素含有材料１１の外形を維持したまま、炭素以外の他の主成分の溶出、粒子の形成および結合が進むため、炭素含有材料１１の外形と同じ外形を有する多孔質炭素材料１３を得ることができる。このため、所望の形状の炭素含有材料１１を使用することにより、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料１３を得ることができる。 By dipping in the metal bath 12, other main components (for example, Mn) other than carbon can be selectively eluted from the carbon-containing material 11 into the metal bath 12. As a result, the carbons remaining inside the metal bath 12 repeatedly bond with each other to form particles having a nanometer size. Further, since these particles are partially bonded, it is possible to obtain a bulky porous carbon material 13 having minute gaps such as mesopores (diameter 2 nm to 60 nm) and macropores (diameter 60 nm or more). At this time, elution of main components other than carbon, formation of particles, and bonding proceed while maintaining the outer shape of the carbon-containing material 11, so that the porous carbon material 13 having the same outer shape as that of the carbon-containing material 11 is used. Obtainable. Therefore, by using the carbon-containing material 11 having a desired shape, the porous carbon material 13 having a desired shape can be obtained.
なお、溶湯の表面付近には未反応の前駆体１４が残っている可能性があるため、金属浴１２から取り出したバルク状の多孔質炭素材料１３の表面にその未反応の前駆体１４が付着してしまう。そこで、図２（ｂ）に示すように、多孔質炭素材料１３の表面に付着した未反応の前駆体１４を、超音波洗浄機等を用いて洗浄し、取り除く。 Since there is a possibility that the unreacted precursor 14 remains near the surface of the molten metal, the unreacted precursor 14 adheres to the surface of the bulk porous carbon material 13 taken out from the metal bath 12. Resulting in. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2B, the unreacted precursor 14 attached to the surface of the porous carbon material 13 is cleaned and removed using an ultrasonic cleaner or the like.
多孔質炭素材料１３の周囲や微小間隙の内部には、金属浴１２の成分や炭素以外の他の主成分（例えば、Ｍｎ）から成る付着混和体が付着している。このため、図３（ａ）に示すように、その付着混和体のみを選択的に溶出して除去するために、得られた多孔質炭素材料１３を酸またはアルカリ水溶液１５に入れる。図３（ａ）に示す一例では、多孔質炭素材料１３を入れる水溶液１５は、硝酸水溶液である。まず、多孔質炭素材料１３をビーカー等に入れ、その中に、浸る程度の蒸留水を入れ、その後、硝酸を少しずつ入れる。硝酸と付着混和体とが反応し、付着混和体が溶出した後、図３（ｂ）に示すように、ろ過等を行って固体部分の多孔質炭素材料１３を回収し、水洗・乾燥を施す。こうして、炭素を主成分とし、付着混和体が除去された、所望の形状を有する多孔質炭素材料１３を得ることができる。 Adhesive admixtures composed of the components of the metal bath 12 and other main components (for example, Mn) other than carbon are attached to the periphery of the porous carbon material 13 and the inside of the minute gaps. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3A, the obtained porous carbon material 13 is put into an acid or alkali aqueous solution 15 in order to selectively elute and remove only the admixture. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, the aqueous solution 15 containing the porous carbon material 13 is a nitric acid aqueous solution. First, the porous carbon material 13 is put into a beaker or the like, and distilled water to the degree of immersion is put therein, and then nitric acid is put little by little. After the nitric acid and the adhering admixture have reacted and the adhering admixture has been eluted, as shown in FIG. 3(b), the porous carbon material 13 in the solid portion is recovered by filtration, etc., and washed with water and dried. .. In this way, it is possible to obtain the porous carbon material 13 having a desired shape in which carbon is the main component and the admixture is removed.
ガスアトマイズ法を利用して前駆体の炭素含有材料１１を製造した。まず、ガスアトマイズ装置（株式会社真壁技研製）のコイル内に、ＭｎＣ合金（Ｍｎ：Ｃ＝８５：１５原子％） ６０ｇを充填した石英管を挿入した。ガスアトマイズ装置の内部を約５×１０−２Ｐａに減圧した後、ＡｒとＨ２の混合ガスを流入させて内部圧力を約１１１ｋＰａまで高め、１４００℃で加熱してＭｎＣ合金を溶解した。溶解後、石英管のノズルから溶出した溶融金属に、Ａｒガスを高圧（９．５ＭＰａ）で噴霧することにより、粉末状に粉砕するとともに急冷凝固させて、球状のＭｎＣ合金を得た。こうして得られた球状のＭｎＣ合金の顕微鏡写真を、図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示す。図４（ａ）、（ｂ）に示すように、得られたＭｎＣ合金は球状であり、その粒径は１００μｍ以下であることが確認された。 The precursor carbon-containing material 11 was manufactured using the gas atomization method. First, a quartz tube filled with 60 g of MnC alloy (Mn:C=85:15 atom %) was inserted into the coil of a gas atomizer (manufactured by Makabe Giken Co., Ltd.). After decompressing the inside of the gas atomizer to about 5×10 −2 Pa, a mixed gas of Ar and H 2 was introduced to raise the internal pressure to about 111 kPa and heated at 1400° C. to melt the MnC alloy. After melting, the molten metal eluted from the nozzle of the quartz tube was sprayed with Ar gas at high pressure (9.5 MPa) to pulverize into powder and rapidly solidify to obtain a spherical MnC alloy. Micrographs of the spherical MnC alloy thus obtained are shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b). As shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 4(b), it was confirmed that the obtained MnC alloy was spherical and the particle size was 100 μm or less.
次に、得られた球状のＭｎＣ合金を炭素含有材料１１として用い、球状の多孔質炭素材料１３を製造した。金属浴１２として、８００℃のＢｉ溶湯を用いた。まず、純度９９．９９％のＢｉ（和光純薬工業株式会社製） １５０ｇを、黒鉛製るつぼに充てんし、その黒鉛製るつぼを高周波溶解炉（大亜真空株式会社製「ＶＭＦ−Ｉ−Ｉ０．５特型」）の内部のコイルに挿入した。高周波溶解炉の内部を約５×１０−３Ｐａに減圧した後、アルゴンガスを流入させて炉内圧力を約８０ｋＰａまで高め、加熱を行った。 Next, using the obtained spherical MnC alloy as the carbon-containing material 11, a spherical porous carbon material 13 was manufactured. As the metal bath 12, an 800° C. Bi melt was used. First, 150 g of Bi (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) having a purity of 99.99% was charged into a graphite crucible, and the graphite crucible was charged with a high-frequency melting furnace (“VMF-I-I0. 5 special type”). After decompressing the inside of the high-frequency melting furnace to about 5×10 −3 Pa, argon gas was introduced to raise the pressure in the furnace to about 80 kPa and heating was performed.
８００℃まで加熱してＢｉを溶解した後、炭素含有材料１１である粒径２０〜４０μｍ以下の球状のＭｎＣ ３ｇを、金属浴１２のＢｉ溶融体に投入した。金属浴１２の内部に１０分間保持した後、放冷した。冷却後のＭｎ／Ｃ／Ｂｉ複合体を硝酸水溶液１５に投入し、付着混和体などのＣ以外の元素を溶解させた。その後、ろ過、純水洗浄を行い、Ｃを主成分とする多孔質炭素部材１３を得た。 After heating to 800° C. to dissolve Bi, 3 g of spherical MnC having a particle size of 20 to 40 μm, which is the carbon-containing material 11, was put into the Bi melt of the metal bath 12. After kept in the metal bath 12 for 10 minutes, it was allowed to cool. The cooled Mn/C/Bi composite was put into an aqueous nitric acid solution 15 to dissolve elements other than C such as the admixture. Then, filtration and washing with pure water were performed to obtain a porous carbon member 13 containing C as a main component.
こうして得られた多孔質炭素部材１３の顕微鏡写真を、図４（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示す。図４（ｃ）、（ｄ）に示すように、球状で多孔質の炭素部材１３が得られていることが確認された。また、得られた多孔質炭素部材１３は、全気孔体積中、２乃至２００ｎｍの大きさの気孔が９１％であり、ＢＥＴ比表面積が１２８ｍ２／ｇであった。 Micrographs of the porous carbon member 13 thus obtained are shown in FIGS. 4(c) and 4(d). As shown in FIGS. 4C and 4D, it was confirmed that the spherical and porous carbon member 13 was obtained. Further, in the obtained porous carbon member 13, 91% of the pores having a size of 2 to 200 nm in the total pore volume and the BET specific surface area were 128 m 2 /g.
シート状の多孔質炭素部材１３を製造した。１つ目の製造方法として、まず、Ｓｉ基板上に、前駆体の炭素含有材料１１のＭｎＣ薄膜（Ｍｎ８５Ｃ１５の薄膜）をスパッタ成膜し、Ｓｉ基板ごと１１００℃のＢｉ金属浴１２に１０分間浸漬して、シート状の多孔質炭素部材１３を得た。さらに、周囲や微小間隙中に残存するＭｎ成分およびＢｉ成分を除去するために、その多孔質炭素部材１３を硝酸水溶液１５中に３時間浸漬した後、洗浄および乾燥を行った。こうして得られたシート状の多孔質炭素部材１３の走査型電子顕微鏡写真を図５に、ラマンスペクトルを図６に示す。 A sheet-shaped porous carbon member 13 was manufactured. As the first manufacturing method, first, a MnC thin film (Mn 85 C 15 thin film) of a precursor carbon-containing material 11 is sputter-deposited on a Si substrate, and the Si metal substrate 12 is placed in a Bi metal bath 12 at 1100° C. It was immersed for 10 minutes to obtain a sheet-like porous carbon member 13. Further, in order to remove the Mn component and Bi component remaining in the surroundings and the minute gaps, the porous carbon member 13 was immersed in the nitric acid aqueous solution 15 for 3 hours, and then washed and dried. A scanning electron micrograph of the sheet-like porous carbon member 13 thus obtained is shown in FIG. 5, and a Raman spectrum is shown in FIG.
また、２つ目の製造方法として、Ｓｉ基板上にＢｉを成膜し、さらにその上に、前駆体の炭素含有材料１１のＭｎＣ薄膜（Ｍｎ８５Ｃ１５の薄膜）をスパッタ成膜した。これを、１１００℃まで昇温し、Ｂｉと前駆体との脱成分反応を促進させながら１０分間保持した。このとき、Ｂｉが溶融して金属浴１２になり、炭素含有材料１１からＭｎを選択的に金属浴１２内に溶出させて、炭素部材１３を得ることができる。この脱成分工程後、Ｓｉ基板ごと冷却し、周囲や微小間隙中に残存するＭｎ成分およびＢｉ成分を除去するために、その炭素部材１３を硝酸水溶液１５中に３時間浸漬した後、洗浄および乾燥を行った。 As a second manufacturing method, a Bi film was formed on a Si substrate, and a MnC thin film (a thin film of Mn 85 C 15 ) of the precursor carbon-containing material 11 was further formed thereon by sputtering. This was heated to 1100° C. and held for 10 minutes while promoting the decomponenting reaction between Bi and the precursor. At this time, Bi melts into the metal bath 12, and Mn is selectively eluted from the carbon-containing material 11 into the metal bath 12 to obtain the carbon member 13. After this decomponenting step, the Si substrate is cooled, and the carbon member 13 is immersed in a nitric acid aqueous solution 15 for 3 hours in order to remove the Mn component and Bi component remaining in the surroundings and in the minute gaps, followed by washing and drying. I went.
なお、前駆体のＭｎＣ薄膜は、Ｂｉ薄膜の上に配置されているが、Ｂｉが溶融したときに、ＭｎＣ薄膜がその溶融金属に接触する配置であれば、いかなる配置であってもよく、例えば、Ｓｉ基板とＢｉ薄膜との間に配置されていても、Ｂｉ薄膜で挟むように配置されていてもよい。また、これらの２つの製造方法では、このシート状の多孔質炭素部材１３の厚さは、前駆体のＭｎＣ薄膜の厚さやスパッタのＭｎＣ成膜時間で制御可能であり、大きさは、Ｓｉ基板の大きさや前駆体のＭｎＣ薄膜の大きさで制御可能である。 Although the precursor MnC thin film is arranged on the Bi thin film, it may be arranged in any position as long as the MnC thin film comes into contact with the molten metal when Bi melts. , May be disposed between the Si substrate and the Bi thin film, or may be sandwiched between the Bi thin films. Further, in these two manufacturing methods, the thickness of the sheet-like porous carbon member 13 can be controlled by the thickness of the precursor MnC thin film and the sputtering MnC film forming time, and the size thereof is the Si substrate. And the size of the precursor MnC thin film.
このように、本発明に関する実施の形態の多孔質炭素材料の製造方法によれば、溶融金属の温度制御のみで、比較的容易かつ低コストで所望の形状の多孔質炭素材料１３を製造することができる。 As described above, according to the method for producing a porous carbon material of the embodiment of the present invention, the porous carbon material 13 having a desired shape can be produced relatively easily and at low cost only by controlling the temperature of the molten metal. You can
なお、本発明に関する実施の形態の多孔質炭素材料の製造方法で、金属浴１２は、Ｂｉに限らず、Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｇｅ，Ｈｇ，Ｉｎ，Ｉｒ，Ｐｂ，Ｐｔ，Ｒｈ，Ｓｂ，ＳｎまたはＺｎであっても、これらのうちの少なくとも一つを主成分とする合金である混和体から成っていてもよい。また、前駆体の炭素含有材料１１の、炭素以外の他の主成分は、Ｍｎに限らず、Ａｌ，Ｂ，Ｂｅ，Ｃａ，Ｃｅ，Ｃｒ，Ｄｙ，Ｅｒ，Ｅｕ，Ｆｅ，Ｇｄ，Ｈｆ，Ｈｏ，Ｋ，Ｌａ，Ｌｉ，Ｌｕ，Ｍｇ，Ｍｏ，Ｎａ，Ｎｂ，Ｎｄ，Ｐｒ，Ｓｃ，Ｓｅ，Ｓｉ，Ｓｍ，Ｓｒ，Ｔａ，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｗ，Ｚｒのいずれか一つ、もしくは、その複数を含む混和体から成っていてもよい。 In the method for manufacturing a porous carbon material according to the embodiment of the present invention, the metal bath 12 is not limited to Bi, but Ag, Cu, Ga, Ge, Hg, In, Ir, Pb, Pt, Rh, Sb, It may be Sn or Zn, or may be composed of an admixture which is an alloy containing at least one of them as a main component. The main component other than carbon in the precursor carbon-containing material 11 is not limited to Mn, but Al, B, Be, Ca, Ce, Cr, Dy, Er, Eu, Fe, Gd, Hf, Ho. , K, La, Li, Lu, Mg, Mo, Na, Nb, Nd, Pr, Sc, Se, Si, Sm, Sr, Ta, Ti, V, W, Zr, or a plurality thereof. It may be composed of an admixture containing.
例えば、代表的な炭素含有材料（カーバイド）１１について脱成分工程に適した金属浴（溶湯）１２を検討すると、表１のようになると考えられる。表１は、それぞれの２次元状態図に基づいて検討したものである。 For example, when considering a typical carbon-containing material (carbide) 11 and examining a metal bath (molten metal) 12 suitable for the component removal step, it is considered that the results are as shown in Table 1. Table 1 is examined based on each two-dimensional phase diagram.
１１ 炭素含有材料
１２ 金属浴
１３ （多孔質）炭素部材
１４ 未反応の前駆体
１５ 水溶液
11 Carbon-Containing Material 12 Metal Bath 13 (Porous) Carbon Member 14 Unreacted Precursor 15 Aqueous Solution
Claims (3)
Raman spectrum, the Raman shift 1350 cm -1 vicinity of the peak intensity (I D), the Raman shift is the ratio I D / I G 0.57 of the peak intensity in the vicinity of 1600cm -1 (I G), the Raman 3. The porous carbon material according to claim 2, wherein the peak half width at a shift near 1600 cm −1 is 49 cm −1 .
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