JP2019528182A - 金属表面と高分子材料表面のハイブリッド複合材料及びハイブリッド複合材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
金属表面と高分子材料表面のハイブリッド複合材料及びハイブリッド複合材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2019528182A JP2019528182A JP2019508860A JP2019508860A JP2019528182A JP 2019528182 A JP2019528182 A JP 2019528182A JP 2019508860 A JP2019508860 A JP 2019508860A JP 2019508860 A JP2019508860 A JP 2019508860A JP 2019528182 A JP2019528182 A JP 2019528182A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- metal surface
- hybrid composite
- partner
- composite material
- microstructure
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 159
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001883 metal evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004918 carbon fiber reinforced polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7316—Surface properties
- B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
- B23K26/3568—Modifying rugosity
- B23K26/3584—Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
- B29C66/0246—Cutting or perforating, e.g. burning away by using a laser or using hot air
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
- B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
- B23K2103/166—Multilayered materials
- B23K2103/172—Multilayered materials wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
- B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/34—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
- B29C65/36—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
・接着剤又は他の添加物を使用せずにプラスチックと金属との間の安定した接続。
・高分子材料が金属表面に生成されたマイクロ及びナノ構造を実質的に完全に充填し、プラスチック表面と金属表面との間の機械的拘止効果を利用。
・金属表面のマイクロ及びナノ構造によって大幅に拡大された活性表面によるナノレベルでの物理的力の利用の改善。
・解決策に従ってハイブリッド複合材料によって生成された良好で大きな強度が接着結合の強度と同等。
2.金属表面
3.第2の接合相手
4.マイクロ構造の凹部
M.マイクロ構造
N.ナノ構造
Claims (19)
- 金属表面を有する第1の接合相手と高分子材料表面を有する第2の接合相手のハイブリッド複合材料であって、前記金属表面が、マイクロメートル範囲の寸法を有する直径と構造深さとを有し、少なくとも部分的に前記高分子材料で充填されるマイクロ構造の凹部を有し、前記マイクロ構造の凹部に割り当て可能な金属表面領域が、少なくとも部分的に前記第2の接合相手の前記高分子材料表面で直接的に覆われるハイブリッド複合材料において、
前記マイクロ構造の凹部に割り当て可能な前記金属表面領域は、完全にナノ構造を示し、
前記マイクロ構造の凹部は、止まり穴又は前記第1の接合相手を完全に通過する貫通穴開口の形態を有するとともに、5以上のアスペクト比、すなわち、構造厚み/直径比を有し、
前記第1の接合相手の前記マイクロ構造の凹部の前記ナノ構造の金属表面領域と前記第2の接合相手の前記高分子材料表面との間に、接着力及び/又は共有結合に基づく少なくとも一つの接合部が存在するハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記第2の接合相手は、流動相から固相に移行可能な高分子材料から製造され、
前記高分子材料は、熱可塑性物質、熱硬化性プラスチック、ハイブリッド高分子、オルモサー、及びエラストマーのうちの一つから選択されるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1又は2に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記第2の接合相手は、少なくとも繊維成分、固体粒子成分、又は分散成分が含まれる高分子材料マトリックスを有するハイブリッド材料から製造されるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記マイクロ及びナノ構造は、短パルス及び/又は超短パルスレーザービームを用いたレーザービームにより誘起される材料除去によって前記第1の接合相手の前記金属表面の中に導入されるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記ナノ構造を有する前記金属表面領域は、前記第2の接合相手の前記高分子材料が流動性を有する濡らし工程及びその後の前記高分子材料の固化で、前記第2の接合体の前記高分子材料表面で覆われるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記マイクロ構造の凹部の少なくとも一部は、少なくとも力伝達形状適合接続によって、前記第2の接合体の前記高分子材料表面に接合されるマイクロ構造の金属表面領域を有し、前記金属表面領域上の前記ナノ構造と前記第2の接合体の前記高分子材料表面との間に、接着結合の表面接続が存在するハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記ナノ構造は、平坦な領域上に周期的間隔で配置されているハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記マイクロ構造の凹部に割り当て可能な金属表面が前記ナノ構造のために少なくとも1.5の表面拡大率Δだけ拡大されるように、前記ナノ構造を有する前記第1の金属の接合相手の前記マイクロ構造の凹部が生成されているハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項8に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記表面拡大率Δが、Δ=3±0.5であるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記第1の接合相手の前記マイクロ構造の凹部の前記ナノ構造の金属表面領域と前記第2の接合相手の前記高分子材料表面との間で作用する前記接着力及び/又は共有結合力は、ナノ構造を備えていない金属表面領域に比べて少なくとも10%だけ増大するハイブリッド複合材料。 - 請求項1乃至10のいずれか一項に記載のハイブリッド複合材料であって、
前記凹部の寸法は、1μmと1000μmとの間であり、
前記ナノ構造の寸法は、100nmと1000nmとの間であるハイブリッド複合材料。 - 金属表面を有する第1の接合相手と高分子材料表面を有する第2の接合相手のハイブリッド複合材料を製造する方法の請求項であって、
金属表面の中に突出するマイクロ構造の凹部はそれぞれ、マイクロ構造とナノ構造を有する金属表面を形成し、前記マイクロ構造の凹部は、止まり穴又は前記第1の接合相手を完全に通過する貫通穴開口の形態を有するとともに、5以上のアスペクト比、すなわち、構造厚み/直径比を有し、前記ナノ構造は、前記マイクロ構造の凹部を完全に覆うように、あるいはこのように構造化された第1の接合相手を提供するように、ピコ秒又はフェムト秒の範囲のパルス持続時間を有する短パルス又は超短パルスレーザービームによって前記第1の接合相手の前記金属表面を構造化すること、
流動形態で存在する高分子材料を用いて、前記マイクロ及びナノ構造を備える前記第1の接合相手の金属表面領域の少なくとも一部を濡らすことによって、前記構造化された金属表面に前記高分子材料を塗布すること、
前記第2の接合相手の固化する高分子材料表面と前記第1の接合相手の前記マイクロ及びナノ構造化された金属表面領域との間の接着及び/又は共有結合に基づき少なくとも一つの接合部を形成するために、前記高分子材料を固化すること、を備える方法。 - 請求項12に記載の方法であって、
前記レーザービームが前記金属表面に焦点を合わされ、前記金属表面に対して横方向に偏向され、部分的に蒸発し、その後固化して微小空洞を形成する局所的な微小溶融が前記金属表面上の各場所に形成され、
前記レーザービームは、少なくとも1回の繰返しで各固化した微小空洞に向けられ、前記微小空洞に相応の金属蒸発を伴う微小溶融を形成する方法。 - 請求項13に記載の方法であって、
前記レーザービームが、金属溶融が生じる前記微小空洞の底に吸収され、前記金属溶融が前記微小空洞の壁を上昇して固化するように、固化した微小空洞に対して少なくとも1回の繰返しのレーザービーム照射を実行する方法。 - 請求項13又は14に記載の方法であって、
前記レーザービームが、金属が蒸発する前記微小空洞の底に吸収され、前記微小空洞の壁を上昇して再び凝結する金属蒸気を形成するように、固化した微小空洞に対して少なくとも1回の繰返しのレーザービーム照射を実行する方法。 - 請求項12乃至15のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、
前記第1の接合相手の表面の近傍でプラズモンが励起され、並びに/又は熱的、電子的、及び/又は冶金的表面張力が形成され、前記レーザービームの照射電界強度と相互作用してナノ構造を形成するように、前記レーザービーム照射を実行する方法。 - 請求項12乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、
圧力下で前記第1及び第2の接合相手を一緒に押圧することによって、前記構造化された金属表面に対して熱可塑性材料で構成される第2の接合相手の前記形態の前記高分子材料の塗布を実行し、
前記第2の接合相手の前記熱可塑性材料を熱の作用によって流動形態に転換し、その流動形態において、前記流動熱可塑性材料がマイクロ構造を充填するとともに前記第1の接合相手の前記金属表面領域上の前記ナノ構造を少なくとも部分的に濡らし、
前記熱可塑性材料の冷却及び固化によって、前記ハイブリッド複合材料を形成する方法。 - 請求項12乃至16のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、
前記構造化された金属表面を流動状態の熱硬化性材料で濡らし及び充填することによって、前記熱硬化性材料で構成される第2の接合相手の前記形態の前記高分子材料の塗布を実行し、
前記熱硬化性材料の固化によって、前記ハイブリッド複合材料を形成する方法。 - 請求項12乃至18のいずれか一項に記載の方法であって、
熱可塑性材料で構成されるプラスチック部材を製作するための工程において、あらかじめ調製されて構造化された金属表面を有する前記第1の接合相手を不可欠な部材として使用する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016215493.1 | 2016-08-18 | ||
DE102016215493.1A DE102016215493A1 (de) | 2016-08-18 | 2016-08-18 | Hybrider Werkstoffverbund zwischen einer Metalloberfläche und einer polymeren Materialoberfläche sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung des hybriden Werkstoffverbundes |
PCT/EP2017/070931 WO2018033625A1 (de) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | Hybrider werkstoffverbund zwischen einer metalloberfläche und einer polymeren materialoberfläche sowie verfahren zur herstellung des hybriden werkstoffverbundes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2019528182A true JP2019528182A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
Family
ID=59829330
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019508860A Pending JP2019528182A (ja) | 2016-08-18 | 2017-08-18 | 金属表面と高分子材料表面のハイブリッド複合材料及びハイブリッド複合材料の製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20210283860A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3500419B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2019528182A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20190042571A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE102016215493A1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2811480T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018033625A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019043059A (ja) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-22 | 一般財団法人生産技術研究奨励会 | 接合体の製造方法 |
WO2023021893A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-23 | 株式会社デンソー | 接合体、および、その接合体に用いられる金属部材の製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6441295B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-26 | 2018-12-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 接合構造体及びその製造方法 |
CN112739538A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社广岛技术 | 金属材料的接合方法及金属接合体 |
CN109249621A (zh) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-01-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于互锁结构的激光选区加工连接金属与热塑性复合材料的方法 |
KR102631904B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-28 | 2024-01-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 이종 소재 접합체의 제조방법 및 이종 소재 접합체 |
DE102019106284A1 (de) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-17 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fügeverbindung zwischen einem Strukturbauteil aus einem Kunststoff und einer Metallkomponente |
DE102019106260A1 (de) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-17 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fügeverbindung zwischen einem lichttechnisch wirksamen Kunststoffbauteil und einer Metallkomponente |
CN110421262A (zh) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-11-08 | 上海交通大学 | 一种脉冲激光控制铝合金表面粗糙度的方法 |
DE102020207915A1 (de) * | 2020-06-25 | 2021-12-30 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines mit einer Kunststoffschicht überzogenen Metallbauteils |
CN112620856A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | 一种异种金属材料焊接前的预处理方法、异种金属材料焊接产品及其焊接方法 |
DE102021104719A1 (de) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-09-01 | Fkt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils sowie Verbundbauteil |
US11495369B2 (en) | 2021-03-25 | 2022-11-08 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Laser structured, coated electrical conductor and method for producing same |
DE102021203816A1 (de) | 2021-04-16 | 2022-10-20 | Trumpf Lasertechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zum Ultraschallschweißen artfremder Fügepartner |
KR20230162272A (ko) | 2022-05-20 | 2023-11-28 | 주식회사 앤트 | 금속 수지 복합체 |
CN114940012B (zh) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-10-25 | 宁波均胜群英汽车***股份有限公司 | 一种车辆内饰模制件的制造工艺 |
SI26408A (sl) | 2022-09-05 | 2024-03-29 | ISKRA ISD d.o.o., | Postopek za strukturiranje površine kovinskega obdelovanca in postopek za izdelavo hibridnega izdelka iz kovinskega obdelovanca in polimernega materiala |
DE102022123119A1 (de) * | 2022-09-12 | 2024-03-14 | Erwin Quarder Systemtechnik Gmbh | Hybridbauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011529404A (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2011-12-08 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 複合部材並びに複合部材を製造する方法 |
JP2014166693A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Daicel Polymer Ltd | 複合成形体とその製造方法 |
JP2016132155A (ja) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-25 | オムロン株式会社 | レーザ溶着方法および接合構造体 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3655675B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-22 | 2005-06-02 | 株式会社シンク・ラボラトリー | 印刷用版面のレーザ加工方法 |
US8932719B2 (en) * | 2007-03-12 | 2015-01-13 | Taisei Plas Co., Ltd. | Aluminum alloy composite and method for joining thereof |
DE102007023418B4 (de) | 2007-05-18 | 2010-09-09 | Daimler Ag | Verfahren zum Aufrauen von Oberflächen für die spätere Aufbringung von Spritzschichten, entspechend aufgeraute Bauteile sowie beschichtete Metallbauteile |
DE102007028789B4 (de) | 2007-06-22 | 2021-12-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zum Fügen von Hybridbauteilen und dadurch hergestelltes Hybridbauteil |
JP5237303B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-27 | 2013-07-17 | 大成プラス株式会社 | 鋼材と樹脂の複合体とその製造方法 |
DE102011100449A1 (de) | 2011-04-30 | 2012-10-31 | INPRO Innovationsgesellschaft für fortgeschrittene Produktionssysteme in der Fahrzeugindustrie mbH | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundkörpers aus mindestens einem vorzufertigenden Metallbauteil und mindestens einem Kunststoffbauteil |
JP5798535B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-07 | 2015-10-21 | ダイセルポリマー株式会社 | 複合成形体の製造方法 |
DE102013211139A1 (de) * | 2013-06-14 | 2014-12-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteileverbunds sowie Bauteileverbund |
DE102014008815A1 (de) | 2014-06-11 | 2016-01-21 | Albis Plastic Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Werkstoffverbundes aus Metall und Kunststoff zu einem Kunststoff-Metall-Hybridbauteil |
-
2016
- 2016-08-18 DE DE102016215493.1A patent/DE102016215493A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2017
- 2017-08-18 WO PCT/EP2017/070931 patent/WO2018033625A1/de unknown
- 2017-08-18 US US16/326,627 patent/US20210283860A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-08-18 KR KR1020197004441A patent/KR20190042571A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-08-18 ES ES17764515T patent/ES2811480T3/es active Active
- 2017-08-18 JP JP2019508860A patent/JP2019528182A/ja active Pending
- 2017-08-18 EP EP17764515.7A patent/EP3500419B1/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-07-14 US US17/864,875 patent/US20220347938A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011529404A (ja) * | 2008-07-28 | 2011-12-08 | ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング | 複合部材並びに複合部材を製造する方法 |
JP2014166693A (ja) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-11 | Daicel Polymer Ltd | 複合成形体とその製造方法 |
JP2016132155A (ja) * | 2015-01-19 | 2016-07-25 | オムロン株式会社 | レーザ溶着方法および接合構造体 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2019043059A (ja) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-22 | 一般財団法人生産技術研究奨励会 | 接合体の製造方法 |
WO2023021893A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-02-23 | 株式会社デンソー | 接合体、および、その接合体に用いられる金属部材の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3500419B1 (de) | 2020-05-13 |
US20220347938A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
KR20190042571A (ko) | 2019-04-24 |
DE102016215493A1 (de) | 2018-02-22 |
WO2018033625A1 (de) | 2018-02-22 |
US20210283860A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
ES2811480T3 (es) | 2021-03-12 |
EP3500419A1 (de) | 2019-06-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2019528182A (ja) | 金属表面と高分子材料表面のハイブリッド複合材料及びハイブリッド複合材料の製造方法 | |
JP2020097245A (ja) | プラスチック‐金属ハイブリッド構成部品を形成するための、金属及びプラスチックからなる材料複合体を製造するための方法 | |
JP6884964B2 (ja) | 異種材料接合体およびその製造方法 | |
CN107921586B (zh) | 用于制造塑料金属混合构件的方法 | |
KR20110040928A (ko) | 수지와 금속을 접합하는 방법 및 장치 | |
TW201615319A (zh) | 接合構造體以及接合構造體的製造方法 | |
US20190193339A1 (en) | Laser-induced micro-anchor structural and passivation layer for metal-polymeric composite joining and methods for manufacturing thereof | |
Roesner et al. | Long term stability of laser joined plastic metal parts | |
JP2016144823A (ja) | 接合構造体の製造方法および接合構造体 | |
Temesi et al. | Integrated structures from dissimilar materials: the future belongs to aluminum–polymer joints | |
JP2016129942A (ja) | 接合構造体の製造方法および接合構造体 | |
WO2017047127A1 (ja) | インサート金属部材、金属樹脂複合成形体及び金属樹脂複合成形体の製造方法並びに金属材料の粗面化方法 | |
TW201609357A (zh) | 接合構造體的製造方法及接合構造體 | |
JP2006341515A (ja) | 接合体及び接合方法 | |
WO2016143586A1 (ja) | 接合構造体の製造方法、接合構造体、及びレーザ装置 | |
JP7184178B2 (ja) | 接合用金属部材の製造方法及び接合体の製造方法 | |
JP6477673B2 (ja) | インサート金属部材、金属樹脂複合成形体及び金属樹脂複合成形体の製造方法 | |
JP2004209916A (ja) | 樹脂接合方法及び樹脂部品 | |
JP7188571B2 (ja) | 接合用金属部材及び接合体 | |
JP2007210203A (ja) | レーザー溶着方法およびレーザー溶着された樹脂部材 | |
WO2016117502A1 (ja) | 接合構造体及び接合構造体の製造方法 | |
KR101073954B1 (ko) | 환봉의 고속용접방법 | |
JP6984820B2 (ja) | 接合体の製造方法 | |
KR20190091454A (ko) | 복합성형체의 제조 방법 및 복합성형체 | |
JPS6271625A (ja) | 合成樹脂材料と異種材料の接合方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A529 | Written submission of copy of amendment under article 34 pct |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A529 Effective date: 20190327 |
|
RD01 | Notification of change of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7426 Effective date: 20191108 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20191108 |
|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20200420 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20210325 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20210406 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20210624 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20210907 |