JP2019055407A - Method and device for recovery of noble metal from burned ash - Google Patents

Method and device for recovery of noble metal from burned ash Download PDF

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JP2019055407A
JP2019055407A JP2019001117A JP2019001117A JP2019055407A JP 2019055407 A JP2019055407 A JP 2019055407A JP 2019001117 A JP2019001117 A JP 2019001117A JP 2019001117 A JP2019001117 A JP 2019001117A JP 2019055407 A JP2019055407 A JP 2019055407A
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noble metal
ash
incineration
particles
metal
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昌希 早川
Masaki Hayakawa
昌希 早川
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ECONECOL Inc
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ECONECOL Inc
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Abstract

To recover a noble metal of a high quality from burned ashes which contain noble metal adhered particles in which a noble metal mixed in a waste is molten in an incineration process, and is deposited and adhered to other substances in the waste which were in a separation state before incineration.SOLUTION: A method for recover a noble metal from burned ashes which contain noble metal adhered particles in which a noble metal mixed in a waste is molten in an incineration process, and is deposited and adhered to other substances in the waste which were in a separation state before incineration. According to this method, said burned ashes are broken, noble metal concentration particles, which contain a noble metal portion scraped off from surfaces of the noble metal adhered particles in the burned ashes, are produced, and a noble metal is recovered from the noble metal concentration particles.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

本発明は焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法及び装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for recovering precious metals from incinerated ash.

一般ごみ、産業廃棄物等の廃棄物は焼却処理されており、焼却によって生ずる焼却灰は従来から埋立処分場に埋立処分されている。   Wastes such as general waste and industrial waste are incinerated, and incinerated ash generated by incineration has been disposed of in landfills.

近時、資源及び環境を保護する点から、焼却灰に含まれる有価物を回収して有効利用し、併せて埋立処分場への焼却灰の搬入量も低減させることの試みがなされている。   Recently, in order to protect resources and the environment, attempts have been made to collect and effectively use valuable materials contained in incineration ash, and to reduce the amount of incineration ash carried to landfill sites.

特許文献1に記載の焼却灰処理システムは、焼却灰中のセメント原料分(Fe2O3、CaO、Al2O3、SiO2)とミックスメタル(Fe、Cr、Ni、Cu)とをそれらの硬さの違いを利用して分別するものであり、磁性物を分別した後の焼却灰を乾式ボールミルに導入し、軟質のセメント原料分を細かく粉砕する一方において、硬質のミックスメタルを一定程度にまで粉砕する。この粉砕後の焼却灰を篩分機に導入し、分級粒径の小さいセメント原料分と、分級粒径の大きいミックスメタルとを分別し、セメント原料分はセメント原料として再利用され、ミックスメタルはリサイクル業者に売却されるものになる。 The incineration ash treatment system described in Patent Document 1 uses cement raw materials (Fe 2 O 3 , CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) and mixed metals (Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu) in the incineration ash. The incineration ash after separating the magnetic material is introduced into a dry ball mill to finely grind the soft cement raw material, while the hard mix metal is fixed to a certain extent. Grind until. The incinerated ash after pulverization is introduced into a sieving machine, and the cement raw material with a small classified particle size and the mixed metal with a large classified particle size are separated, and the cement raw material is reused as cement raw material, and the mixed metal is recycled. It will be sold to the contractor.

特開2009-56362号公報JP 2009-56362 A

特許文献1に記載の焼却灰処理システムは、焼却灰に含まれる有価物を回収して有効利用しようとするものではあるが、焼却灰中にあって軟質で分級粒径が小さくなるセメント原料分と硬質で分級粒径が大きくなるミックスメタルとを単にそれらの2者に分別するものであるに過ぎない。   The incineration ash treatment system described in Patent Document 1 is intended to recover valuable materials contained in the incineration ash for effective use. However, the incineration ash is a soft material that is soft and has a small classified particle size. And the mixed metal, which is hard and has a large classified particle size, is merely separated into those two.

従って、特許文献1に記載の焼却灰処理システムでは、焼却灰中の貴金属を含む粒子を、当該貴金属を含むことのない他の粒子から高い選別精度で選別し、当該貴金属を高品位で回収するところがない。   Therefore, in the incineration ash treatment system described in Patent Document 1, the particles containing the precious metal in the incineration ash are selected from other particles not containing the precious metal with high sorting accuracy, and the precious metal is recovered with high quality. There is no place.

特に、廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属であって、廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融した貴金属が、焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着し、焼却灰中に貴金属付着粒子を形成するに至ったとき、当該貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から当該貴金属を高い選別精度で選別する如くがない。   In particular, the precious metals that were mixed in the waste and melted during the incineration of the waste were deposited on other substances in the waste that had been separated before the incineration, and in the incineration ash When noble metal adhering particles are formed, there is no way to select the noble metal with high selection accuracy from the incinerated ash containing the noble metal adhering particles.

本発明の課題は、廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から当該貴金属を高品位で回収することにある。 The problem of the present invention is that the noble metal mixed in the waste melts in the incineration process of the waste and is deposited and adhered to other substances in the waste that were in a separated state before the incineration. The precious metal is recovered with high quality from the incinerated ash containing adhered particles.

請求項1に係る発明は、廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から貴金属を回収する焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法であって、前記焼却灰を破砕し、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成し、この貴金属濃縮粒子から貴金属を回収するようにしたものである。 In the invention according to claim 1, the precious metal mixed in the waste melts in the incineration process of the waste and adheres to and adheres to other substances in the waste that are in a separated state before the incineration. A method for recovering precious metal from incinerated ash that recovers precious metal from incinerated ash containing precious metal adhering particles, the precious metal concentration including a precious metal portion that is crushed from the surface of the precious metal adhering particles in the incinerated ash Particles are generated, and the noble metal is recovered from the noble metal-enriched particles .

請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に係る発明において更に、前記貴金属が金、銀又は銅であるようにしたものである。 The invention according to claim 2 is the invention according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal is gold, silver or copper .

請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1又は2に係る発明において更に、前記貴金属濃縮粒子を含む焼却灰に含まれている磁着性の金属を8000乃至12000ガウスの磁場により磁着する高磁力選別を行ない、この焼却灰に含まれている非磁着性の貴金属を上記の磁着性の金属と選別するようにしたものである。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the high magnetic force according to the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the magnetically adherent metal contained in the incinerated ash containing the precious metal-enriched particles is magnetized by a magnetic field of 8000 to 12000 gauss. Sorting is performed to sort the non-magnetizable noble metal contained in the incinerated ash from the above-mentioned magnetized metal .

請求項4に係る発明は、請求項1乃至3のいずれかに係る発明において更に、前記焼却灰の破砕をインパクトミルによって行なうようにしたものである。 The invention according to claim 4 is the invention according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the incineration ash is crushed by an impact mill .

請求項5に係る発明は、請求項4に係る発明において更に、前記インパクトミルが、複数の反撥板が内周に設けられるドラムと、ドラムと同軸をなして回転し、複数の打撃板が外周に取付けられるローターとを有し、原料投入部から投入された焼却灰が、ドラム内で移送され、回転するローターの打撃板に落下するとともに、飛び跳ねてくる焼却灰がドラムの反撥板に衝突することで破砕されるロータリーインパクトミルであるようにしたものである。 The invention according to claim 5 is the invention according to claim 4, wherein the impact mill further comprises: a drum having a plurality of repulsion plates provided on the inner periphery; and a drum that rotates coaxially with the drum. The incineration ash charged from the raw material charging unit is transferred in the drum and falls onto the rotating rotor striking plate, and the jumping incineration ash collides with the drum repulsion plate. This is a rotary impact mill that can be crushed .

請求項6に係る発明は、廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から貴金属を回収する焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置であって、前記焼却灰を破砕し、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成する破砕機を有し、この貴金属濃縮粒子から貴金属を回収可能にするようにしたものである。 In the invention according to claim 6, the precious metal mixed in the waste melts in the incineration process of the waste and adheres to and adheres to other substances in the waste that have been separated before the incineration. A precious metal recovery device for recovering precious metal from incinerated ash containing precious metal adhering particles, the precious metal concentration comprising a precious metal portion crushed from the surface of the precious metal adhering particles in the incinerated ash by crushing the incinerated ash A crusher for generating particles is provided, and noble metal can be recovered from the noble metal-enriched particles .

請求項7に係る発明は、請求項に係る発明において更に、前記貴金属が金、銀又は銅であるようにしたものである。 The invention according to claim 7 is the invention according to claim 6 , wherein the noble metal is gold, silver or copper .

請求項8に係る発明は、請求項6又は7に係る発明において更に、前記貴金属濃縮粒子を含む焼却灰に含まれている磁着性の金属を8000乃至12000ガウスの磁場により磁着する高磁力選別を行ない、この焼却灰に含まれている非磁着性の貴金属を上記の磁着性の金属と選別する高磁力選別機を更に有してなるようにしたものである。
請求項9に係る発明は、請求項6乃至8に係る発明において更に、前記破砕機がインパクトミルであるようにしたものである。
請求項10に係る発明は、請求項9に係る発明において更に、前記インパクトミルが、複数の反撥板が内周に設けられるドラムと、ドラムと同軸をなして回転し、複数の打撃板が外周に取付けられるローターとを有し、原料投入部から投入された焼却灰が、ドラム内で移送され、回転するローターの打撃板に落下するとともに、飛び跳ねてくる焼却灰がドラムの反撥板に衝突することで破砕されるロータリーインパクトミルであるようにしたものである。
The invention according to claim 8 is the invention according to claim 6 or 7 , further comprising a high magnetic force for magnetizing the magnetically adherent metal contained in the incinerated ash containing the noble metal-enriched particles by a magnetic field of 8000 to 12000 gauss. The apparatus further comprises a high magnetic force sorter that performs sorting and sorts the non-magnetizable noble metal contained in the incinerated ash from the magnetized metal .
The invention according to claim 9 is the invention according to claims 6 to 8, wherein the crusher is an impact mill.
The invention according to claim 10 is the invention according to claim 9, wherein the impact mill further comprises: a drum having a plurality of repulsion plates provided on the inner periphery thereof; and a drum that rotates coaxially with the drum; The incineration ash charged from the raw material charging unit is transferred in the drum and falls onto the rotating rotor striking plate, and the jumping incineration ash collides with the drum repulsion plate. This is a rotary impact mill that can be crushed.

(a)廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属であって、廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融した貴金属が、焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着し、焼却灰中に貴金属付着粒子を形成するに至ったとき、当該焼却灰を破砕して当該焼却灰中の当該貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた金、銀、銅等の貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成することで、焼却灰中で貴金属を含む粒子の貴金属含有濃度を高濃縮化し、結果として廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から当該貴金属を高品位で回収できる。 (a) The precious metal mixed in the waste and melted during the incineration of the waste is deposited and adhered to other substances in the waste that have been separated before the incineration. when led to form a noble metal deposited particles in ash, noble metals including noble parts of gold, silver, copper or the like scraped from the surface of the noble metal deposited particles in the ash by crushing the ash By producing concentrated particles, the concentration of precious metals in particles containing precious metals in incineration ash is highly concentrated, and as a result, incinerated ash containing precious metal adhering particles deposited and adhered to precious metals mixed in waste. Therefore, the precious metal can be recovered with high quality.

図1は焼却灰処理システムの主として破砕工程と分級工程とを示す模式図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram mainly showing a crushing step and a classification step of the incineration ash treatment system. 図2は焼却灰処理システムの主として比重選別工程と高磁力選別工程とを示す模式図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram mainly showing a specific gravity sorting step and a high magnetic force sorting step of the incineration ash treatment system. 図3はロータリーインパクトミルを示す模式図である。FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a rotary impact mill. 図4はエアテーブルを示す模式図である。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing an air table. 図5は高磁力選別機を示す模式図である。FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a high magnetic force sorter.

本発明は、一般ごみ、産業廃棄物等の廃棄物の焼却によって生じた焼却灰の処理システムにおいて、廃棄物に混入していた金、銀、銅等の貴金属が付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から該貴金属を回収するとともに、鉛の含有量を低減させた焼却灰を選別するものである。   The present invention relates to a system for treating incineration ash generated by incineration of waste such as general waste and industrial waste, and incineration including precious metal adhering particles to which precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper mixed in the waste adhere. The precious metal is recovered from the ash and the incinerated ash with reduced lead content is selected.

ここで、本発明において、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子とは、焼却灰中に何らかの形態で存在するに至った貴金属付着粒子であれば何でも良いが、特に、廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融した該廃棄物中の貴金属が焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の鉄、陶土等の他の物質に溶着して生成されたものを言う。   Here, in the present invention, the noble metal adhering particles in the incineration ash may be any noble metal adhering particles that have come to exist in some form in the incineration ash, in particular, the molten metal in the incineration process of waste The precious metal in the waste is produced by welding to other substances such as iron and porcelain in the waste that were in a separated state before incineration.

本発明による焼却灰処理システムでは、図1、図2に示す如く、廃棄物の焼却灰に対し、図1に示す磁選工程、破砕工程、分級工程、図2に示す磁選工程、比重選別工程、高磁力選別工程を、以下の如くに順に施す。   In the incineration ash treatment system according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, for the incineration ash of waste, the magnetic separation process, the crushing process, the classification process shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic separation process, the specific gravity selection process shown in FIG. The high magnetic force selection process is sequentially performed as follows.

(1)磁選工程(図1)
焼却設備で焼却され、振動篩で一定の粒径に分級された粒子群からなる焼却灰をベルトフィーダ等の定量供給機10に投入する。
(1) Magnetic separation process (Fig. 1)
Incinerated ash composed of a group of particles incinerated by an incineration facility and classified to a certain particle size by a vibrating sieve is charged into a quantitative feeder 10 such as a belt feeder.

定量供給機10から搬送コンベヤ11に定量供給された焼却灰は、吊下げ磁選機12の下方を通過する過程で、鉄分等の磁性分が除去される。   The incinerated ash that is quantitatively supplied from the quantitative feeder 10 to the conveyor 11 is removed of magnetic components such as iron in the process of passing below the suspended magnetic separator 12.

(2)破砕工程(図1)
上記(1)で吊下げ磁選機12を通過した焼却灰は、搬送コンベヤ13により破砕機20に投入される。
(2) Crushing process (Figure 1)
The incinerated ash that has passed through the suspended magnetic separator 12 in (1) above is fed into the crusher 20 by the transport conveyor 13.

破砕機20は、焼却灰を破砕し、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を削り取る。これにより、破砕機20は、貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子とを生成する。   The crusher 20 crushes the incineration ash and scrapes the noble metal concentrated particles including the noble metal portion from the surface of the noble metal adhesion particles in the incineration ash. Thereby, the crusher 20 produces | generates a noble metal concentration particle | grain and other particle | grains.

破砕機20としては、例えば図3に示すロータリーインパクトミル100を採用できる。ロータリーインパクトミル100は、低速で回転するドラム101と、ドラム101と同軸をなして高速で回転するローター102とを有する。ドラム101の内周には複数の反撥板103が着脱可能に設けられている。反撥板103の間には送り羽根104がスパイラル状に取付けられており、ドラム101を回転させると、原料投入部111から投入された焼却灰がドラム101内で落下上昇運動を繰り返しながら原料排出部112へ移送される。また、ローター102の外周には打撃板105が傾斜して等間隔で取付けられている。原料投入部111から投入された原料が高速回転するローター102の打撃板105に落下するとともに、飛び跳ねてくる原料が低速回転するドラム101の反撥板103に衝突することで、更に細かく粉砕されるものになる。   As the crusher 20, the rotary impact mill 100 shown, for example in FIG. 3 is employable. The rotary impact mill 100 includes a drum 101 that rotates at a low speed and a rotor 102 that is coaxial with the drum 101 and rotates at a high speed. A plurality of repulsion plates 103 are detachably provided on the inner periphery of the drum 101. A feed blade 104 is spirally attached between the repulsion plates 103. When the drum 101 is rotated, the incineration ash charged from the raw material charging unit 111 repeats a falling and rising motion in the drum 101, and the raw material discharging unit. It is transferred to 112. Further, striking plates 105 are attached to the outer periphery of the rotor 102 at an equal interval with an inclination. The raw material charged from the raw material charging unit 111 falls on the striking plate 105 of the rotor 102 that rotates at a high speed, and the jumping raw material collides with the repulsion plate 103 of the drum 101 that rotates at a low speed, thereby further pulverizing. become.

破砕機20によって焼却灰が破砕される際に発生する粉塵は、吸引送風機21の吸引負圧が付与されているサイクロン22、バグフィルタ23に接続されているロータリーインパクトミル100の集塵フード106から捕集される。バグフィルタ23は、空気圧縮機24を伴なう。   Dust generated when the incineration ash is crushed by the crusher 20 is generated from the cyclone 22 to which the suction negative pressure of the suction blower 21 is applied and the dust collection hood 106 of the rotary impact mill 100 connected to the bag filter 23. It is collected. The bag filter 23 is accompanied by an air compressor 24.

(3)分級工程(図1)
上記(2)の破砕固定で破砕された焼却灰中の貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子とを例えば以下の分級工程によって一定の粒径に分級する。
(3) Classification process (Figure 1)
The precious metal-enriched particles and other particles in the incinerated ash crushed by the crushing and fixing of (2) above are classified into a certain particle size by, for example, the following classification process.

1次分級工程では、焼却灰を篩目が5mmの振動篩31により1次分級し、篩上から粒径5mm越えの粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収し、篩下から粒径5mm以下の粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収する。   In the primary classification process, the incinerated ash is primarily classified by the vibrating sieve 31 having a mesh size of 5 mm, and a particle group (particle group in which noble metal enriched particles and other particles are mixed) with a particle size exceeding 5 mm is recovered from the sieve. Collect the particle group (particle group in which noble metal concentrated particles and other particles are mixed) from the sieve under the particle size of 5 mm or less.

2次分級工程では、1次分級された粒径5mm以下の粒子群からなる焼却灰を篩目3mmの振動篩32により2次分級し、篩上から粒径3mm乃至5mmの粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収し、篩下から粒径3mm以下の粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収する。   In the secondary classification step, the primary classified incinerated ash consisting of particle groups with a particle size of 5 mm or less is secondarily classified by the vibrating sieve 32 with a mesh size of 3 mm, and the particle groups with a particle size of 3 mm to 5 mm (precious metal concentration) Particle group containing particles and other particles), and collecting a particle group having a particle size of 3 mm or less (particle group containing noble metal enriched particles and other particles) from under the sieve.

3次分級工程では、2次分級された粒径3mm以下の粒子群からなる焼却灰を篩目2mmの振動篩33により3次分級し、篩上から粒径2mm乃至3mmの粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収し、篩下から粒径2mm以下の粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収する。   In the tertiary classification process, the secondary classified incinerated ash consisting of particle groups with a particle size of 3 mm or less is subjected to tertiary classification with a vibrating sieve 33 with a mesh size of 2 mm, and particle groups with a particle size of 2 mm to 3 mm (precious metal concentration) Particle group containing particles and other particles), and collecting a particle group having a particle size of 2 mm or less (particle group containing noble metal concentrated particles and other particles) from under the sieve.

4次分級工程では、3次分級された粒径2mm以下の粒子群からなる焼却灰を篩目1mmの振動篩34により4次分級し、篩上から粒径1mm乃至2mmの粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収し、篩下から粒径1mm以下の粒子群(貴金属濃縮粒子とその他の粒子が混在する粒子群)を回収する。   In the quaternary classification process, the incinerated ash consisting of the particle groups having a particle size of 2 mm or less subjected to the tertiary classification is quaternary classified by the vibrating sieve 34 having a sieve size of 1 mm, and the particle groups having a particle size of 1 mm to 2 mm (precious metal concentration) Particle group containing particles and other particles) is collected, and a particle group having a particle size of 1 mm or less (particle group containing precious metal-enriched particles and other particles) is collected from under the sieve.

上記(3)の各振動篩32乃至34による各分級工程で分級された各一定粒径(3mm乃至5mm、2mm乃至3mm、1mm乃至2mm、1mm以下)の各焼却灰は、各一定粒径毎に、下記(4)乃至(6)の磁選工程、比重選別工程、高磁力選別工程に導入されて処理される。   Each incineration ash having a fixed particle size (3 mm to 5 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 1 mm to 2 mm, 1 mm or less) classified in each classification step by the vibrating sieves 32 to 34 in (3) above is provided for each fixed particle size. In addition, they are introduced into the magnetic separation process, the specific gravity selection process, and the high magnetic force selection process of (4) to (6) below.

(4)磁選工程(図2)
上記(3)の各振動篩32乃至34による各分級工程で分級された各焼却灰がベルトフィーダ等の定量供給機40に投入される。定量供給機40から搬送コンベヤ41を介して搬送コンベヤ42に定量供給される焼却灰は、吊下げ磁選機43の下方を通過する過程で、鉄分等の磁性物が除去される。
(4) Magnetic separation process (Figure 2)
Each incineration ash classified in each classification step by the vibration sieves 32 to 34 in (3) above is charged into a quantitative feeder 40 such as a belt feeder. Incinerated ash that is quantitatively supplied from the quantitative feeder 40 to the transport conveyor 42 via the transport conveyor 41 is removed of magnetic substances such as iron in the process of passing below the suspended magnetic separator 43.

搬送コンベヤ41、42の周囲に発生する粉塵は、局所集塵機44、45によって捕集される。   Dust generated around the conveyors 41 and 42 is collected by local dust collectors 44 and 45.

(5)比重選別工程(図2)
上記(4)で吊下げ磁選機43を通過した焼却灰は、バケットコンベヤ46により乾式比重選別機50に投入される。
(5) Specific gravity selection process (Figure 2)
The incinerated ash that has passed through the suspended magnetic separator 43 in (4) above is fed into the dry specific gravity sorter 50 by the bucket conveyor 46.

比重選別機50は、各振動篩32乃至34による各分級工程で分級された各一定粒径の各焼却灰中の粒子を比重選別し、当該焼却灰中の貴金属濃縮粒子をその他の粒子から選別する。   The specific gravity sorter 50 sorts particles in each incineration ash having a constant particle size classified in each classification step by the vibrating sieves 32 to 34, and sorts precious metal-enriched particles in the incineration ash from other particles. To do.

比重選別機50は、上記焼却灰の比重選別により、比重の小さい軽量灰Lを回収するとともに、比重の大きい重量灰Hを回収する。比重選別機50が比重選別した重量灰Hは上記焼却灰中の貴金属濃縮粒子を多く含み、軽量灰HLは上記焼却灰中のその他の粒子を多く含むものになる。尚、比重選別機50は、上記焼却灰から、鉛の含有量を低減させた軽量灰Lを選別するものにもなる。   The specific gravity sorter 50 collects the light ash L having a small specific gravity and the heavy ash H having a large specific gravity by the specific gravity sorting of the incinerated ash. The heavy ash H selected by the specific gravity sorter 50 includes a large amount of noble metal concentrated particles in the incinerated ash, and the light ash HL includes a large amount of other particles in the incinerated ash. The specific gravity sorter 50 also sorts the light ash L with reduced lead content from the incinerated ash.

比重選別機50としては、例えば図4に示すエアテーブル200を採用できる。エアテーブル200は、所定の角度で傾斜し、バケットコンベヤ46から投入される焼却灰を受け入れる振動式テーブル面201を有し、このテーブル面201の下面から上面に空気流を通過させる複数の小通気口をもつスクリーン(網)202を備える。エアテーブル200は、スクリーン202を介してテーブル面201の下面から上面に吹上げ空気流を及ぼす吹上送風機203と、テーブル面201の上方からその上面に吸引空気流を及ぼす吸引送風機204を有する。エアテーブル200は、テーブル面201に及ぶ吹上空気流と吸引空気流によってテーブル面201上の焼却灰をテーブル面201の上面から浮かしつつ、テーブル面201にその傾斜方向に沿う振動を付与し、比重の大きい重量灰Hが下層、比重の小さい軽量灰Lが上層となる流動層Fをテーブル面201上に形成する。下層の重量灰Hはテーブル面201の斜面から摩擦力と振動力を受けて上方の重量物側へ移動し、上層の軽量灰Lは摩擦力と振動力を受けないため下方の軽量物側へ押し流され分別される。   As the specific gravity sorter 50, for example, an air table 200 shown in FIG. 4 can be adopted. The air table 200 has a vibrating table surface 201 that is inclined at a predetermined angle and receives the incinerated ash charged from the bucket conveyor 46, and a plurality of small ventilations that allow an air flow to pass from the lower surface to the upper surface of the table surface 201. A screen (net) 202 having a mouth is provided. The air table 200 includes a blower fan 203 that applies a blown air flow from the lower surface to the upper surface of the table surface 201 via a screen 202, and a suction fan 204 that applies a suction air flow to the upper surface from above the table surface 201. The air table 200 imparts vibration along the inclination direction to the table surface 201 while floating the incineration ash on the table surface 201 from the upper surface of the table surface 201 by the blowing air flow and the suction air flow over the table surface 201, and the specific gravity is increased. A fluidized bed F is formed on the table surface 201 with the heavy ash H having a large lower layer and the light ash L having a small specific gravity serving as an upper layer. The lower heavy ash H receives frictional force and vibration force from the slope of the table surface 201 and moves to the upper heavy object side, and the upper lightweight ash L does not receive frictional force and vibrational force and therefore moves to the lower lighter object side. It is washed away and separated.

比重選別機50によって焼却灰が比重選別される際に発生する粉塵は、吸引送風機204の吸引負圧が付与されているサイクロン205、バグフィルタ206に捕集される。バグフィルタ206は、空気圧縮機207を伴なう。   Dust generated when the incinerated ash is subjected to specific gravity sorting by the specific gravity sorter 50 is collected by the cyclone 205 and the bag filter 206 to which the suction negative pressure of the suction blower 204 is applied. The bag filter 206 is accompanied by an air compressor 207.

(6)高磁力選別工程(図2)
上記(5)の比重選別機50による比重選別工程で選別された貴金属濃縮粒子を含む重量灰Hを高磁力選別機60によって高磁力選別し、この重量灰Hに含まれている非磁着性の金、銀、銅等の貴金属を、磁着性のニッケル、クロム等の金属に対して選別する。
(6) High magnetic force sorting process (Fig. 2)
The heavy ash H containing the precious metal concentrated particles selected in the specific gravity sorting process by the specific gravity sorter 50 of (5) above is subjected to high magnetic force sorting by the high magnetic force sorter 60, and the non-magnetic property contained in the heavy ash H The noble metals such as gold, silver, and copper are sorted out against the magnetically adherent metals such as nickel and chromium.

高磁力選別機60は、例えば図5に示す如く、高磁力の磁場が存在するマグネットドラム61と、マグネットドラム61に巻き回されたベルトコンベヤ(移動式ベルト)62と、ベルトコンベヤ62のベルト面62A上に焼却灰を供給するフィーダ63とを有する。64はセパレータである。フィーダ63に供給された焼却灰(重量灰H)をベルトコンベヤ62により搬送し、マグネットドラム61上を通過させ、非磁着物と磁着物の分離を行なう。   For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the high magnetic force sorter 60 includes a magnet drum 61 in which a high magnetic field exists, a belt conveyor (movable belt) 62 wound around the magnet drum 61, and a belt surface of the belt conveyor 62. And feeder 63 for supplying incineration ash on 62A. Reference numeral 64 denotes a separator. The incinerated ash (heavy ash H) supplied to the feeder 63 is conveyed by the belt conveyor 62 and passes over the magnet drum 61 to separate the non-magnetized substance and the magnetized substance.

即ち、フィーダ63により重量灰H(金、銀、銅等とニッケル、クロム等が混在する)をベルトコンベヤ62に供給して搬送させると、磁着性のニッケル、クロム等はマグネットドラム61の例えば8000乃至12000ガウス、本実施例では10000ガウスもの強力な磁場により磁着され、マグネットドラム61の磁場の影響がなくなるまでベルトコンベヤ62上にはり付いた状態で流れ、その磁場の影響がなくなった位置で自重により落下する。一方、非磁着性の金、銀、銅等は、マグネットドラム61の磁場に対する反撥力と回転するベルトコンベヤ62による慣性力により、早い時期においてベルトコンベヤ61から落下し、ニッケル、クロム等とは選別される。   That is, when heavy ash H (mixed with gold, silver, copper, etc. and nickel, chromium, etc.) is supplied to the belt conveyor 62 and conveyed by the feeder 63, the magnetically adherent nickel, chromium, etc. are, 8000 to 12000 Gauss, in this embodiment, a magnetic field that is magnetically attached by a strong magnetic field of 10000 Gauss, flows on the belt conveyor 62 until it is no longer affected by the magnetic field of the magnet drum 61, and the position where the influence of the magnetic field disappears Fall by its own weight. On the other hand, non-magnetizable gold, silver, copper, etc. fall from the belt conveyor 61 at an early stage due to the repulsive force against the magnetic field of the magnet drum 61 and the inertial force of the rotating belt conveyor 62. Selected.

しかるに、高磁力選別機60は、電動モータ61Mによるマグネットドラム61の回転速度を調整する速度コントローラ65を有する。ベルトコンベヤ62に投入される重量灰Hの分級粒径が小さいとき、速度コントローラ65によってベルトコンベヤ62の移動速度を高速側に調整することで、非磁着性の貴金属と磁着性の金属との選別精度を向上し、非磁着性の貴金属の回収量を向上可能にするものである。   However, the high magnetic force sorter 60 has a speed controller 65 that adjusts the rotation speed of the magnet drum 61 by the electric motor 61M. When the classified particle size of the heavy ash H put into the belt conveyor 62 is small, the speed controller 65 adjusts the moving speed of the belt conveyor 62 to the high speed side, so that the non-magnetizable noble metal and the magnetized metal This makes it possible to improve the collection accuracy of the non-adherent noble metal.

即ち、高磁力選別機60のベルトコンベヤ62に投入される重量灰Hの分級粒径が小さいと、ベルト面62Aの上に投入されて堆積する単位面積当たりの粒子数が多数になり、上層側に位置する磁着性の金属を含む粒子がベルト面62Aとの間に非磁着性の貴金属を含む粒子を挟み込む状況を生じ得る。   That is, if the classified particle size of the heavy ash H put on the belt conveyor 62 of the high magnetic force sorter 60 is small, the number of particles per unit area thrown on and deposited on the belt surface 62A becomes large, and the upper layer side It is possible to cause a situation in which particles containing a magnetizable metal located at a position sandwich particles containing a non-magnetizable noble metal between the belt surface 62A.

このとき、ベルト面62Aの移動速度が低いと、ベルト面62Aの上に堆積する重量灰Hの厚みは厚くなり、より多数の非磁着性の貴金属を含む粒子が、上層側に堆積してマグネットドラムの磁場により当該ベルト面62Aに磁力吸引されている磁着性の金属を含む粒子によって当該ベルト面62Aとの間に挟み込まれ、磁着性の金属を含む粒子とともに当該ベルト面62Aにはり付いた状態で移送され、その磁場の影響がなくなった位置で磁着性の金属を含む粒子とともに落下する。この場合、焼却灰中の非磁着性の金、銀、銅等の貴金属を含む粒子を磁着性の金属を含む粒子に対して高い選別精度で高磁力選別できない。   At this time, if the moving speed of the belt surface 62A is low, the thickness of the heavy ash H deposited on the belt surface 62A increases, and particles containing a larger number of non-magnetizable noble metals accumulate on the upper layer side. It is sandwiched between the belt surface 62A by particles containing magnetically attractable metal that is magnetically attracted to the belt surface 62A by the magnetic field of the magnet drum, and is applied to the belt surface 62A together with particles containing magnetically adherent metal. It is transferred in the attached state and falls together with the particles containing the magnetically adherent metal at the position where the influence of the magnetic field disappears. In this case, it is impossible to select particles containing noble metal such as gold, silver and copper in the incinerated ash with high magnetic accuracy with respect to particles containing a magnetic metal.

これに対し、ベルト面62Aの移動速度を高速側に調整すると、ベルト面62Aの上に体積する重量灰Hの厚みは薄くなり、非磁着性の貴金属を含む粒子が、上層側に積層してマグネットドラムの磁場により当該ベルト面62Aに磁力吸引される磁着性の金属を含む粒子によって当該ベルト面62Aとの間に挟み込まれる機会は少なくなる。また、非磁着性の貴金属を含む粒子がベルト面62Aから付与される慣性力は大きなものになる。このため、非磁着性の貴金属を含む粒子が、磁着性の金属を含む粒子によってベルト面62Aとの間に挟み込まれて随伴することなく、ベルト面62Aから付与された大きな慣性力によって早い時期にベルト面62Aから離れて落下する。この場合、焼却灰中の非磁着性の金、銀、銅等の貴金属を含む粒子を磁着性の金属を含む粒子に対し高い選別精度で高磁力選別できる。   On the other hand, when the moving speed of the belt surface 62A is adjusted to the high speed side, the thickness of the heavy ash H volume on the belt surface 62A becomes thin, and particles containing non-magnetizable noble metal are laminated on the upper layer side. Thus, the chance of being sandwiched between the belt surface 62A by particles including magnetically attractable metal attracted to the belt surface 62A by the magnetic field of the magnet drum is reduced. Further, the inertial force applied from the belt surface 62A by the particles including the non-magnetic noble metal becomes large. For this reason, the particles containing the non-magnetizable noble metal are quickly caught by the large inertial force applied from the belt surface 62A without being entrained between the belt surface 62A and the particles containing the magnetizable metal. It falls away from the belt surface 62A at the time. In this case, it is possible to sort particles containing non-magnetizable gold, silver, copper or the like in the incinerated ash with high sorting accuracy with respect to particles containing magnetized metal.

表1は、前述(3)の分級工程で各分級粒子Gに分級された焼却灰のそれぞれについて、前述(5)の比重選別を施して得られた重量灰Hを磁場10000ガウスの高磁力選別機60によって高磁力選別するに際し、ベルトコンベヤ62の移動速度Vを調整したとき、高磁力選別によって回収された銀回収量の調査結果を示したものである。回収量の少量、少量と多量の中間の量、多量、特に多量のそれぞれを、小、中、多、特多によって表示した。   Table 1 shows that the heavy ash H obtained by carrying out the specific gravity sorting in (5) above for each of the incinerated ash classified into the classified particles G in the classification step in (3) above is classified as high magnetic force with a magnetic field of 10000 gauss. When the moving speed V of the belt conveyor 62 is adjusted at the time of sorting with high magnetic force by the machine 60, the results of investigation of the amount of silver collected by sorting with high magnetic force are shown. A small amount, a small amount and an intermediate amount, a large amount, especially a large amount, respectively, are indicated by small, medium, many, and special.

Figure 2019055407
Figure 2019055407

表1によれば、分級粒径Gを1〜2mm、更には0〜1mmに細かくするほど、各粒子の含有銀濃度が濃縮される結果、銀回収量を向上できることが認められる。また、高磁力選別機60のベルト速度Vを1.6m/s更には1.8m/sに高速化するほど、銀回収量を向上できることが認められる。高磁力選別機60のベルト速度Vが2.0m/sを越えると、各粒子に付与される慣性力が過大になって磁力選別精度が損なわれる。   According to Table 1, it can be seen that as the classified particle size G is reduced to 1 to 2 mm, and further to 0 to 1 mm, the silver concentration can be improved as a result of the concentration of silver contained in each particle being concentrated. Further, it is recognized that the silver recovery amount can be improved as the belt speed V of the high magnetic force sorter 60 is increased to 1.6 m / s and further to 1.8 m / s. When the belt speed V of the high magnetic force sorter 60 exceeds 2.0 m / s, the inertial force applied to each particle becomes excessive and the magnetic force sorting accuracy is impaired.

表2は、銀回収量についての表1と同様に、金回収量の調査結果を示したものである。   Table 2 shows the survey results of the amount of gold recovered, similar to Table 1 regarding the amount of silver recovered.

Figure 2019055407
Figure 2019055407

従って、本実施例によれば以下の作用効果を奏する。
(a)焼却灰を破砕して焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた金、銀、銅等の貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成することで、焼却灰中で貴金属を含む粒子の貴金属含有濃度を高濃縮化できる。その上で、この焼却灰中の貴金属濃縮粒子をその他の粒子とともに一定の粒径に分級し、この分級された一定の粒径の粒子群から貴金属濃縮粒子を比重選別することで、焼却灰中の貴金属を含む粒子を当該貴金属を含むことのない他の粒子から高い選別精度で選別でき、結果として当該貴金属を高品位で回収できる。
Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the following operational effects can be obtained.
(a) Particles containing precious metals in incineration ash by generating precious metal enriched particles containing precious metal parts such as gold, silver, and copper scraped from the surface of precious metal adhering particles in incineration ash by crushing incineration ash The concentration of noble metals can be highly concentrated. After that, the precious metal enriched particles in the incinerated ash are classified to a certain particle size together with other particles, and the precious metal enriched particles are classified by specific gravity from the classified particles of the certain particle size. The particles containing the noble metal can be sorted with high sorting accuracy from the other particles not containing the noble metal, and as a result, the noble metal can be recovered with high quality.

(b)上述(a)の比重選別工程で選別された貴金属濃縮粒子を含む重量灰Hを高磁力選別し、この重量灰Hに含まれている非磁着性の貴金属を磁着性の金属と選別することにより、非磁着性の貴金属を高品位で回収できる。   (b) The heavy ash H containing the precious metal concentrated particles selected in the specific gravity selection step of (a) described above is subjected to high magnetic force selection, and the non-magnetizable precious metal contained in the heavy ash H is magnetized. The non-magnetizable noble metal can be recovered with high quality.

(c)廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属であって、廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融した貴金属が、焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着し、焼却灰中に貴金属付着粒子を形成するに至ったとき、この貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰を上述(a)、(b)によって処理することにより、当該貴金属を高品位で回収できる。   (c) Precious metals that have been mixed in the waste and melted during the incineration of the waste, are welded to other substances in the waste that were separated before the incineration, and incineration ash When noble metal-adhered particles are formed therein, the precious metal can be recovered with high quality by treating the incinerated ash containing the noble metal-adhered particles according to the above (a) and (b).

以上、本発明の実施例を図面により詳述したが、本発明の具体的な構成はこの実施例に限られるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計の変更等があっても本発明に含まれる。   The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration of the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, and even if there is a design change or the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is included in the present invention.

本発明によれば、廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から当該貴金属を高品位で回収できる。 According to the present invention, the noble metal mixed in the waste is melted in the incineration process of the waste, and the noble metal adhered to and adhered to other substances in the waste that were in a separated state before the incineration. The precious metal can be recovered with high quality from the incinerated ash containing adhered particles.

20 破砕機
31乃至34 振動篩(分級装置)
50 比重選別機
60 高磁力選別機
L 軽量灰
H 重量灰
20 Crusher 31 to 34 Vibrating sieve (classifier)
50 Specific gravity sorter 60 High magnetic force sorter L Light ash H Heavy ash

Claims (10)

廃棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から貴金属を回収する焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法であって、
前記焼却灰を破砕し、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成し、この貴金属濃縮粒子から貴金属を回収する焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法。
Incineration ash containing precious metal adhering particles that have adhered to and adhered to other substances in the waste that were in a separated state before incineration because the precious metal mixed in the waste melted during the incineration process of the waste A method for recovering precious metals from incinerated ash that recovers precious metals from
A method for recovering noble metal from incinerated ash by crushing the incinerated ash , generating noble metal concentrated particles containing a noble metal portion scraped from the surface of the noble metal adhering particles in the incinerated ash, and recovering the noble metal from the noble metal concentrated particles .
前記貴金属が金、銀又は銅である請求項1に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法。 The method for recovering noble metal from incinerated ash according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal is gold, silver, or copper . 前記貴金属濃縮粒子を含む焼却灰に含まれている磁着性の金属を8000乃至12000ガウスの磁場により磁着する高磁力選別を行ない、この焼却灰に含まれている非磁着性の貴金属を上記の磁着性の金属と選別する請求項1又は2に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法。 The high-magnetization selection is performed by magnetizing the magnetizable metal contained in the incinerated ash containing the precious metal-concentrated particles with a magnetic field of 8000 to 12000 gauss, and the non-magnetizable noble metal contained in the incinerated ash is obtained. The method for recovering precious metals from incinerated ash according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the metals are selected from the above-mentioned magnetically adherent metals. 前記焼却灰の破砕をインパクトミルによって行なう請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法。 The precious metal recovery method from incineration ash according to claim 1, wherein the incineration ash is crushed by an impact mill . 前記インパクトミルが、
複数の反撥板が内周に設けられるドラムと、
ドラムと同軸をなして回転し、複数の打撃板が外周に取付けられるローターとを有し、
原料投入部から投入された焼却灰が、ドラム内で移送され、回転するローターの打撃板に落下するとともに、飛び跳ねてくる焼却灰がドラムの反撥板に衝突することで破砕されるロータリーインパクトミルである請求項4に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収方法。
The impact mill is
A drum provided with a plurality of repulsion plates on the inner periphery;
A rotor that rotates coaxially with the drum, and a plurality of striking plates are attached to the outer periphery;
A rotary impact mill where the incineration ash charged from the raw material charging unit is transferred in the drum and falls onto the rotating rotor striking plate, and the incineration ash that jumps is crushed by colliding with the repulsion plate of the drum A method for recovering precious metals from incinerated ash according to claim 4.
棄物中に混入していた貴金属が該廃棄物の焼却過程で溶融して焼却前には分離状態にあった該廃棄物中の他の物質に溶着して付着した貴金属付着粒子を含む焼却灰から貴金属を回収する焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置であって、
前記焼却灰を破砕し、焼却灰中の貴金属付着粒子の表面から削り取られた貴金属部分を含む貴金属濃縮粒子を生成する破砕機を有し、この貴金属濃縮粒子から貴金属を回収可能にする焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置。
Incineration precious metal which has been mixed in waste comprises a noble metal deposited particles before incineration by melting adhering welded to other materials in the waste that has been in the separation state in incineration process of the waste An apparatus for recovering precious metals from incinerated ash that recovers precious metals from ash,
From the incineration ash that crushes the incineration ash and generates noble metal concentrated particles containing noble metal parts scraped from the surface of the noble metal adhering particles in the incineration ash, and makes it possible to recover the noble metal from the noble metal concentrated particles Noble metal recovery equipment.
前記貴金属が金、銀又は銅である請求項6に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置。The precious metal recovery device from incinerated ash according to claim 6, wherein the precious metal is gold, silver, or copper. 前記貴金属濃縮粒子を含む焼却灰に含まれている磁着性の金属を8000乃至12000ガウスの磁場により磁着する高磁力選別を行ない、この焼却灰に含まれている非磁着性の貴金属を上記の磁着性の金属と選別する高磁力選別機を更に有してなる請求項6又は7に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置。The high-magnetization selection is performed by magnetizing the magnetizable metal contained in the incinerated ash containing the precious metal-concentrated particles with a magnetic field of 8000 to 12000 gauss, and the non-magnetizable noble metal contained in the incinerated ash is obtained. The precious metal recovery device from incinerated ash according to claim 6 or 7, further comprising a high magnetic force sorter that sorts the magnetically adherent metal. 前記破砕機がインパクトミルである請求項6乃至8のいずれかに記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置。The precious metal recovery device from incinerated ash according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the crusher is an impact mill. 前記インパクトミルが、The impact mill is
複数の反撥板が内周に設けられるドラムと、A drum provided with a plurality of repulsion plates on the inner periphery;
ドラムと同軸をなして回転し、複数の打撃板が外周に取付けられるローターとを有し、A rotor that rotates coaxially with the drum, and a plurality of striking plates are attached to the outer periphery;
原料投入部から投入された焼却灰が、ドラム内で移送され、回転するローターの打撃板に落下するとともに、飛び跳ねてくる焼却灰がドラムの反撥板に衝突することで破砕されるロータリーインパクトミルである請求項9に記載の焼却灰からの貴金属回収装置。A rotary impact mill where the incineration ash charged from the raw material charging unit is transferred in the drum and falls onto the rotating rotor striking plate, and the incineration ash that jumps is crushed by colliding with the repulsion plate of the drum The precious metal recovery device from incinerated ash according to claim 9.
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