JP2018200188A - Thermal fatigue test method, test piece, thermal fatigue test apparatus - Google Patents
Thermal fatigue test method, test piece, thermal fatigue test apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、熱疲労試験機、試験片、及び熱疲労試験装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a thermal fatigue tester, a test piece, and a thermal fatigue test apparatus.
特許文献１には、断面積が小さな評価部分を有する試験片と，試験温度範囲において試験片より熱膨張係数が小さく，かつ熱膨張係数が急激に変化する温度特異点が存在しない低膨張材料からなる２枚のホルダとを用意して、高温で使用される材料に対する熱疲労試験方法が記載されている。 Patent Document 1 includes a test piece having an evaluation portion with a small cross-sectional area, and a low expansion material having a thermal expansion coefficient smaller than that of the test piece in the test temperature range and having no temperature singularity at which the thermal expansion coefficient changes rapidly. Two holders are prepared and a thermal fatigue test method for materials used at high temperatures is described.
従来、熱疲労試験方法に用いられる試験片は、長尺状である。そして、試験片の伸縮方向に対して直交する方向から試験片の両端部にＶ字形の刃を圧入することで、試験片の両端部を治具に拘束していた。このため、試験片の両端部において刃が圧入された部分が、塑性変形していた。そこで、熱疲労試験を行い試験片が伸縮することで、塑性変形している領域が広がり、試験中に試験片の拘束が緩んでいた。 Conventionally, the test piece used for the thermal fatigue test method is elongate. And the both ends of the test piece were restrained by the jig | tool by press-fitting a V-shaped blade to the both ends of the test piece from the direction orthogonal to the expansion / contraction direction of the test piece. For this reason, the part where the blade was press-fitted at both ends of the test piece was plastically deformed. Therefore, a thermal fatigue test was performed and the test piece expanded and contracted, so that the plastically deformed area was widened and the test piece was loosely restrained during the test.
本発明の課題は、試験片の伸縮方向に対して直交する方向から、試験片の両端部にＶ字形の刃を圧入することで試験片の両端部を治具に拘束する場合と比して、試験中に試験片の拘束が緩むのを抑制することである。 The subject of this invention is compared with the case where the both ends of a test piece are restrained to a jig | tool by press-fitting a V-shaped blade into the both ends of a test piece from the direction orthogonal to the expansion-contraction direction of a test piece. It is to suppress loosening of the test piece during the test.
本発明の請求項１に係る熱疲労試験方法は、 中央部に両端部よりも断面積が小さな評価部を有する長尺状の試験片の前記両端部を、前記試験片に対して熱膨張係数が異なる治具に拘束して行う熱疲労試験方法であって、前記試験片の長手方向から拘束部材を前記両端部に接触させて前記試験片の両端部を治具に拘束させる拘束工程と、前記両端部が前記治具に拘束された状態で、加熱、冷却を繰り繰り返して、前記試験片の前記長手方向の伸縮を拘束する伸縮拘束工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。 In the thermal fatigue test method according to claim 1 of the present invention, the both end portions of a long test piece having an evaluation portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than the both end portions at the center portion are set to have a thermal expansion coefficient with respect to the test piece. Is a thermal fatigue test method that is performed by constraining to a different jig, a constraining step of constraining both ends of the test piece to the jig by bringing a constraining member into contact with the both ends from the longitudinal direction of the test piece; An expansion / contraction restraint step of repeatedly constraining the expansion and contraction of the test piece in the longitudinal direction by repeating heating and cooling in a state where the both ends are constrained by the jig.
上記構成によれば、拘束工程で、長手方向から拘束部材を両端部に接触させることで試験片の両端部を治具に拘束させる拘束させる。そして、伸縮拘束工程で、両端部が治具に拘束された状態で、加熱、冷却を繰り繰り返して、試験片の長手方向の伸縮を拘束させる。 According to the above configuration, in the restraining step, the restraining member is brought into contact with both ends from the longitudinal direction to restrain the both ends of the test piece to be restrained by the jig. Then, in the expansion and contraction restraining step, heating and cooling are repeated in a state where both ends are constrained by the jig, thereby restraining the expansion and contraction of the test piece in the longitudinal direction.
ここで、長手方向から拘束部材を両端部に接触させることで、試験片の両端部が治具に拘束されている。これにより、試験片の伸縮方向に対して直交する方向から、試験片の両端部にＶ字形の刃を圧入することで試験片の両端部を治具に拘束する場合と比して、試験中に試験片の拘束が緩むのを抑制することができる。 Here, the both ends of a test piece are restrained by the jig | tool by making a restraint member contact both ends from a longitudinal direction. As a result, compared with the case where both ends of the test piece are restrained by the jig by pressing the V-shaped blades into the both ends of the test piece from the direction perpendicular to the expansion / contraction direction of the test piece, It is possible to suppress loosening of the restraint of the test piece.
本発明の請求項２に係る熱疲労試験方法は、請求項１に記載の熱疲労試験方法において、前記両端部には、前記長手方向において前記評価部側とは反対側を向く第一面と、前記長手方向において前記評価部側を向く第二面とが夫々形成されており、前記治具には、前記第一面と対向する第一対向面と、前記第二面と対向する第二対向面とが形成されており、前記拘束工程では、前記第一面と前記第一対向面とを対向させ、かつ、前記第二面と前記第二対向面とを対向させ、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間、及び前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に前記拘束部材としてのシム部材を挿入させることを特徴としている。 The thermal fatigue test method according to claim 2 of the present invention is the thermal fatigue test method according to claim 1, wherein the both ends have a first surface facing the opposite side to the evaluation portion side in the longitudinal direction. And a second surface facing the evaluation portion side in the longitudinal direction, respectively, and the jig has a first facing surface facing the first surface and a second facing the second surface. An opposing surface is formed, and in the restraining step, the first surface and the first opposing surface are opposed to each other, and the second surface and the second opposing surface are opposed to each other. And a shim member as the restraining member is inserted into a gap formed between the first opposed surface and between the second surface and the second opposed surface.
上記構成によれば、拘束工程では、第一面と第一対向面との間、及び第二面と第二対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋めるためのシム部材を、隙間に挿入させる。このように、シム部材を隙間に挿入させることで隙間を埋めることで、試験片の拘束部を治具に拘束させている。このため、試験片の長さが、ばらついた場合でも、試験片の拘束部を治具に拘束することができる。 According to the above configuration, in the restraining step, the shim member for filling the gap generated between the first surface and the first facing surface and between the second surface and the second facing surface is inserted into the gap. . In this manner, the restraint portion of the test piece is restrained by the jig by filling the gap by inserting the shim member into the gap. For this reason, even when the length of the test piece varies, the restraint portion of the test piece can be restrained by the jig.
本発明の請求項３に係る熱疲労試験方法は、請求項２に記載の熱疲労試験方法において、前記両端部において、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間、及び前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間には、夫々隙間が生じており、前記拘束工程では、一方の端部において、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋める前記シム部材を、前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させる前記シム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させ、他方の端部において、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋める前記シム部材を、前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させる前記シム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させることを特徴としている。 A thermal fatigue test method according to a third aspect of the present invention is the thermal fatigue test method according to the second aspect, wherein, at the both end portions, between the first surface and the first opposing surface, and the second surface. And a gap between the second facing surface and the second facing surface, respectively, and in the restraining step, at one end, the gap formed between the first surface and the first facing surface is filled. The shim member is inserted into a gap formed between the second surface and the second facing surface, and is inserted from a direction opposite to the insertion direction of the shim member, and at the other end, the first surface The shim member that fills the gap formed between the first facing surface and the first facing surface is inserted in the gap formed between the second surface and the second facing surface, opposite to the insertion direction of the shim member. It is characterized by being inserted from the direction.
上記構成によれば、拘束工程では、一方の端部において、第一面と第一対向面との間の生じた隙間を埋めるシム部材を、第二面と第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させるシム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させる。また、他方の端部において、第一面と第一対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋めるシム部材を、第二面と第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させるシム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させる。このように、シム部材を挿入させることで、全てのシム部材を同じ方向から隙間に挿入させる場合と比して、試験片の端部が治具に対してシム部材の挿入方向にずれてしまうのを抑制することができる。 According to the above configuration, in the restraining step, the shim member that fills the gap formed between the first surface and the first facing surface is formed between the second surface and the second facing surface at one end. It is inserted from a direction opposite to the insertion direction of the shim member to be inserted into the gap. In addition, at the other end of the shim member, the shim member that fills the gap generated between the first surface and the first facing surface is inserted into the gap generated between the second surface and the second facing surface. Insert from the opposite direction to the insertion direction. Thus, by inserting the shim members, the end of the test piece is displaced in the insertion direction of the shim members with respect to the jig as compared with the case where all the shim members are inserted into the gap from the same direction. Can be suppressed.
本発明の請求項４に係る試験片は、請求項１〜３の何れか１項に記載の熱疲労試験方法に用いられる長尺状の試験片であって、長手方向の中央部に形成され、円柱状の評価部と、長手方向の両端部に夫々形成されている直方体状であって、前記長手方向において前記評価部側とは反対側を向く第一面と、前記長手方向において前記評価部側を向く第二面とが形成されている拘束部と、を有することを特徴としている。 A test piece according to claim 4 of the present invention is a long test piece used in the thermal fatigue test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and is formed at a central portion in a longitudinal direction. A cylindrical evaluation portion, a rectangular parallelepiped shape formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, the first surface facing the side opposite to the evaluation portion side in the longitudinal direction, and the evaluation in the longitudinal direction And a restraint portion having a second surface facing the portion side.
上記構成によれば、試験片の長手方向の両端部に形成されている拘束部は、直方体状とされている。例えば、試験片の長手方向に対して直交する直交方向において、拘束部の最大長さが決められている場合がある。このような場合に、拘束部を、最大長さが決められている方向とは異なる方向に延びる直方体状とすることで、拘束部が長手方向から見て円状の場合として、第一面と第二面との面積を広げることができる。 According to the said structure, the restraint part currently formed in the both ends of the longitudinal direction of a test piece is made into the rectangular parallelepiped shape. For example, the maximum length of the restraint portion may be determined in the orthogonal direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the test piece. In such a case, the constraining portion is a rectangular parallelepiped extending in a direction different from the direction in which the maximum length is determined, so that the constraining portion is circular when viewed from the longitudinal direction. The area with the second surface can be increased.
本発明の請求項５に係る熱疲労試験装置は、請求項１〜３の何れか１項に記載の熱疲労試験方法に用いられる熱疲労試験装置であって、試験片の長手方向において、前記試験片の両端部で評価部側とは反対側を向く第一面と対向する第一対向面と、前記試験片の両端部で前記評価部側を向く第二面と対向する第二対向面と、が形成されている治具と、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間、及び前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋めて、前記両端部を前記治具に拘束させる複数のシム部材と、前記両端部が治具に拘束されている状態で、加熱、冷熱を繰り返す加熱冷却試験機と、を備えることを特徴としている。 A thermal fatigue test apparatus according to claim 5 of the present invention is a thermal fatigue test apparatus used in the thermal fatigue test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein A first facing surface facing the first surface facing the side opposite to the evaluation portion side at both ends of the test piece, and a second facing surface facing the second surface facing the evaluation portion side at both ends of the test piece A gap formed between the first surface and the first facing surface, and between the second surface and the second facing surface, and the both end portions A plurality of shim members for restraining the jig by the jig, and a heating / cooling tester for repeating heating and cooling in a state where the both ends are restrained by the jig.
上記構成によれば、シム部材が試験片の第一面と治具の第一対向面との間、及び試験片の第二面と治具の第二対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋めることで、両端部が治具に拘束されている。これにより、試験片の伸縮方向に対して直交する方向から、試験片の両端部にＶ字形の刃を圧入することで試験片の両端部を治具に拘束する場合と比して、試験中に試験片の拘束が緩むのを抑制することができる。 According to the above configuration, the gap generated between the first surface of the test piece and the first opposing surface of the jig, and between the second surface of the test piece and the second opposing surface of the jig. By filling, both ends are constrained by a jig. As a result, compared with the case where both ends of the test piece are restrained by the jig by pressing the V-shaped blades into the both ends of the test piece from the direction perpendicular to the expansion / contraction direction of the test piece, It is possible to suppress loosening of the restraint of the test piece.
本発明によれば、試験片の伸縮方向に対して直交する方向から、試験片の両端部にＶ字形の刃を圧入することで試験片の両端部を治具に拘束する場合と比して、試験中に試験片の拘束が緩むのを抑制することができる。 According to the present invention, as compared with the case where both ends of the test piece are restrained by the jig by press-fitting V-shaped blades into the both ends of the test piece from the direction orthogonal to the expansion / contraction direction of the test piece. It is possible to suppress loosening of the restraint of the test piece during the test.
（全体構成）
本発明の実施形態に係る熱疲労試験方法、試験片、及び熱疲労試験装置の一例について図１〜図１３を用いて説明する。なお、図中に示す矢印Ｈは、熱疲労試験方法に用いられる治具の上下方向であって鉛直方向を示し、矢印Ｄは、治具の奥行方向であって水平方向を示し、矢印Ｗは、治具の幅方向であって水平方向を示す。なお、熱疲労試験では、評価対象である長尺状の試験片の両端部を、試験片と熱膨張係数（線膨張係数）の異なる治具に拘束させ、加熱、冷却を繰り返す。そして、試験片と治具との熱膨張差により生じる熱ひずみ（試験片の長手方向における伸縮を拘束することにより生じる）を、試験片において両端部の間に形成されている評価部に集中させ、この評価部が破断したときの加熱、冷却のサイクル数によって、試験片の熱疲労寿命を求める。
(overall structure)
An example of a thermal fatigue test method, a test piece, and a thermal fatigue test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the arrow H shown in the figure is the vertical direction of the jig used in the thermal fatigue test method and indicates the vertical direction, the arrow D is the depth direction of the jig and indicates the horizontal direction, and the arrow W is The horizontal direction is the width direction of the jig. In the thermal fatigue test, both ends of the long test piece to be evaluated are restrained by a jig having a different thermal expansion coefficient (linear expansion coefficient) from the test piece, and heating and cooling are repeated. Then, the thermal strain generated by the difference in thermal expansion between the test piece and the jig (generated by restraining the expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction of the test piece) is concentrated on the evaluation part formed between the both ends of the test piece. The thermal fatigue life of the test piece is determined by the number of heating and cooling cycles when the evaluation part is broken.
先ず、本実施形態の熱疲労試験方法に用いられる試験片１０、及び熱疲労試験装置３０について説明する。なお、試験片１０については、熱疲労試験装置３０を構成する治具３２に拘束される姿勢で説明する。 First, the test piece 10 and the thermal fatigue test apparatus 30 used for the thermal fatigue test method of this embodiment are demonstrated. In addition, about the test piece 10, it demonstrates by the attitude | position restrained by the jig | tool 32 which comprises the thermal fatigue test apparatus 30. FIG.
〔試験片１０〕
試験片１０は、アルミニウム合金（ＪＩＳ−ＡＣ２Ｂ）を用いて形成されており、図７に示されるように、上下方向に延びる長尺状とされている。また、このアルミニウム合金の熱膨張係数は、２１．５×１０−６〔／Ｋ〕である。図９のグラフには、アルミニウム合金の熱膨張曲線が示されている。このグラフの横軸は温度〔℃〕で、縦軸は熱膨張率〔％〕である。温度の上昇に従って、熱膨張量が増加しているのが分かる。
[Test piece 10]
The test piece 10 is formed using an aluminum alloy (JIS-AC2B), and has a long shape extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. The thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum alloy is 21.5 × 10 −6 [/ K]. The graph of FIG. 9 shows the thermal expansion curve of the aluminum alloy. The horizontal axis of this graph is temperature [° C.], and the vertical axis is the coefficient of thermal expansion [%]. It can be seen that the amount of thermal expansion increases as the temperature increases.
また、奥行方向、及び幅方向から見て、試験片１０は、図７に示されるように、試験片１０の重心Ｇ１を通り上下方向に延びる直線Ｃ１に対して、幅方向、及び奥行方向で対称の形状とされている。さらに、奥行方向、及び幅方向から見て、試験片１０は、重心Ｇ１を通り幅方向に延びる直線Ｃ２、及び重心Ｇ１を通り奥行方向に延びる直線Ｃ３に対して上下方向で対称の形状とされている。 Moreover, when viewed from the depth direction and the width direction, the test piece 10 is, in the width direction and the depth direction, with respect to a straight line C1 that passes through the center of gravity G1 of the test piece 10 and extends in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. It has a symmetrical shape. Further, when viewed from the depth direction and the width direction, the test piece 10 is symmetrical in the vertical direction with respect to a straight line C2 that passes through the center of gravity G1 and extends in the width direction and a straight line C3 that passes through the center of gravity G1 and extends in the depth direction. ing.
本実施形態では、試験片１０の上下方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１）が、６４〔ｍｍ〕とされている。そして、試験片１０は、上下方向（長手方向）の両端部に夫々形成されている拘束部１２と、上下方向の中央部に形成されている評価部１４と、評価部１４と拘束部１２とを連結する連結部１６とを有している。 In the present embodiment, the length of the test piece 10 in the vertical direction (L1 in the figure) is 64 [mm]. The test piece 10 includes a restraining portion 12 formed at both ends in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction), an evaluation portion 14 formed at the central portion in the vertical direction, an evaluation portion 14 and the restraining portion 12. And a connecting portion 16 for connecting the two.
評価部１４は、上下方向に延びる円柱状とされており、拘束部１２、及び連結部１６と比して断面積が小さくされている。本実施形態では、直径（図中Ｅ１）が４〔ｍｍ〕とされ、長さ（図中Ｅ２）が６〔ｍｍ〕とされている。そして、評価部１４の断面積は、１２．６〔ｍｍ２〕とされている。 The evaluation unit 14 has a columnar shape extending in the vertical direction, and has a smaller cross-sectional area than the restraint unit 12 and the connection unit 16. In the present embodiment, the diameter (E1 in the figure) is 4 [mm], and the length (E2 in the figure) is 6 [mm]. And the cross-sectional area of the evaluation part 14 is 12.6 [mm < 2 >].
拘束部１２は、直方体状とされており、本実施形態では、上下方向の長さ（図中Ｌ２）が５〔ｍｍ〕とされ、幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ３）が１２〔ｍｍ〕とされ、奥行方向の長さ（図中Ｌ４）が１０〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 The constraining portion 12 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and in this embodiment, the length in the vertical direction (L2 in the figure) is 5 [mm], and the length in the width direction (L3 in the figure) is 12 [mm]. The length in the depth direction (L4 in the figure) is 10 [mm].
この拘束部１２には、上下方向（試験片１０の長手方向）において評価部１４側とは反対側を向く第一面１２Ａと、上下方向において評価部１４側を向く第二面１２Ｂとが夫々形成されている。この第二面１２Ｂは、連結部１６によって分割されており、一対形成されている。 The restraining portion 12 has a first surface 12A facing the evaluation portion 14 side in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction of the test piece 10) and a second surface 12B facing the evaluation portion 14 side in the vertical direction. Is formed. This 2nd surface 12B is divided | segmented by the connection part 16, and is formed in a pair.
そして、第一面１２Ａの面積は、１２０〔ｍｍ２〕とされ、一対の第二面１２Ｂの面積は、６０〔ｍｍ２〕とされている。つまり、第一面１２Ａの面積、及び一対の第二面１２Ｂの面積は、評価部１４の断面積と比して大きくされている。換言すると、評価部１４の断面積は、拘束部１２の断面積と比して小さくされている。 The area of the first surface 12A is 120 [mm 2 ], and the area of the pair of second surfaces 12B is 60 [mm 2 ]. That is, the area of the first surface 12 </ b> A and the area of the pair of second surfaces 12 </ b> B are larger than the cross-sectional area of the evaluation unit 14. In other words, the cross-sectional area of the evaluation part 14 is made smaller than the cross-sectional area of the restricting part 12.
連結部１６は、断面積が拘束部１２と比して小さくされている。そして、連結部１６は、拘束部１２から評価部１４側に延びている直方体状の直方体部１６Ａと、直方体部１６Ａと評価部１４との間に形成され、断面が徐々に変化している徐変部１６Ｂとを有している。本実施形態では、直方体部１６Ａの幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ５）が６〔ｍｍ〕とされ、直方体部１６Ａの奥行方向の長さ（図中Ｌ４）が１０〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 The connecting portion 16 has a smaller cross-sectional area than the restraining portion 12. The connecting portion 16 is formed between the rectangular parallelepiped portion 16A extending from the restraining portion 12 toward the evaluation portion 14, and between the rectangular parallelepiped portion 16A and the evaluation portion 14, and the cross section gradually changes. And a deformed portion 16B. In the present embodiment, the length in the width direction (L5 in the drawing) of the rectangular parallelepiped portion 16A is 6 [mm], and the length in the depth direction (L4 in the drawing) of the rectangular parallelepiped portion 16A is 10 [mm]. .
〔熱疲労試験装置３０〕
熱疲労試験装置３０は、試験片１０を拘束するための治具３２と、シム部材４０、４６と、試験片１０及び治具３２に対して加熱、冷却を繰り返す加熱冷却試験機６０とを備えている。
[Thermal fatigue testing device 30]
The thermal fatigue test apparatus 30 includes a jig 32 for restraining the test piece 10, shim members 40 and 46, and a heating and cooling test machine 60 that repeatedly heats and cools the test piece 10 and the jig 32. ing.
−治具３２−
治具３２は、Ｉｎｃｏｌｏｙ９０４合金（商品名ＨＲＡ９０４、日立金属社製）を用いて形成されており、図１に示されるように、上下方向に延びる長尺状とされている。また、Ｉｎｃｏｌｏｙ９０４合金の熱膨張係数は、３．０×１０−６〔／Ｋ〕である。つまり、治具３２は、試験片１０に用いられている材料に比べて低い熱膨張係数の材料で形成されている。図９のグラフには、Ｉｎｃｏｌｏｙ９０４合金の熱膨張曲線が示されている。このグラフから、Ｉｎｃｏｌｏｙ９０４合金は、アルミニウム合金に比して、熱膨張率が広い温度範囲において低いことが分かる。
-Jig 32
The jig 32 is formed using Incoloy 904 alloy (trade name HRA904, manufactured by Hitachi Metals), and has a long shape extending in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Incoloy 904 alloy is 3.0 × 10 −6 [/ K]. That is, the jig 32 is formed of a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient as compared with the material used for the test piece 10. The graph of FIG. 9 shows the thermal expansion curve of Incoloy 904 alloy. From this graph, it can be seen that the Incoloy 904 alloy has a lower coefficient of thermal expansion in a wide temperature range than the aluminum alloy.
この治具３２は、奥行方向、及び幅方向から見て、治具３２の重心Ｇ２を通り上下方向に延びる直線Ｃ１０に対して、幅方向、及び奥行方向で対称の形状とされている（図１参照）。さらに、奥行方向、及び幅方向から見て、治具３２は、重心Ｇ２を通り幅方向に延びる直線Ｃ２０、及び重心Ｇ２を通り奥行方向に延びる直線Ｃ３０に対して、後述する第一対向面３６Ａ、及び第二対向面３６Ｂの傾斜を除き、上下方向で対称の形状とされている（図１参照）。 The jig 32 has a symmetrical shape in the width direction and the depth direction with respect to a straight line C10 extending in the vertical direction through the center of gravity G2 of the jig 32 when viewed from the depth direction and the width direction (see FIG. 1). Further, when viewed from the depth direction and the width direction, the jig 32 has a first opposing surface 36A described later with respect to a straight line C20 extending in the width direction through the center of gravity G2 and a straight line C30 extending in the depth direction through the center of gravity G2. The shape is symmetrical in the vertical direction except for the inclination of the second facing surface 36B (see FIG. 1).
そして、治具３２は、図１に示されるように、上下方向に延びる直方体状のブロックに試験片１０が配置される空間３４が形成された部材である。本実施形態では、治具３２の上下方向の長さ(図中Ｌ１１）が７８〔ｍｍ〕とされ、幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１２）が２２〔ｍｍ〕とされ、奥行向の長さ（図中Ｌ１３）が１０〔ｍｍ〕とされる。また、空間３４の上下方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１４）が、６８〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 And the jig | tool 32 is a member by which the space 34 by which the test piece 10 is arrange | positioned is formed in the rectangular parallelepiped block extended to an up-down direction, as FIG. 1 shows. In the present embodiment, the length of the jig 32 in the vertical direction (L11 in the figure) is 78 [mm], the length in the width direction (L12 in the figure) is 22 [mm], and the length in the depth direction. (L13 in the figure) is 10 [mm]. The vertical length of the space 34 (L14 in the figure) is 68 [mm].
空間３４は、上下方向に延び、奥行方向に貫通している。そして空間３４は、試験片１０の拘束部１２が配置される一対の第一空間３６と、一対の第一空間３６の間に形成されている第二空間３８とを有している。 The space 34 extends in the vertical direction and penetrates in the depth direction. The space 34 has a pair of first spaces 36 in which the restraining portions 12 of the test piece 10 are disposed, and a second space 38 formed between the pair of first spaces 36.
第一空間３６は、幅方向に延びている直方体状とされており、本実施形態では、第一空間３６の幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１５）が、１２〔ｍｍ〕とされ、上下方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１６）が９〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 The first space 36 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the width direction. In this embodiment, the length of the first space 36 in the width direction (L15 in the drawing) is 12 [mm], and the vertical direction. The length (L16 in the figure) is 9 [mm].
この第一空間３６は、試験片１０が空間３４に配置された状態で、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第一面１２Ａと対向する第一対向面３６Ａと、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第二面１２Ｂと対向する一対の第二対向面３６Ｂとを含んで形成されている。 The first space 36 includes a first facing surface 36A facing the first surface 12A of the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 and the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 in a state where the test piece 10 is disposed in the space 34. It is formed including a pair of second facing surfaces 36B facing the second surface 12B.
また、第一対向面３６Ａは、図４（Ａ）に示されるように、幅方向から見て、奥行方向の奥側の部分が、奥行方向の手前側の部分に比して下方に位置するように、奥行方向に対して傾斜している。同様に、第二対向面３６Ｂは、幅方向から見て、奥行方向の奥側の部分が、奥行方向の手前側の部分に比して下方に位置するように、奥行方向に対して傾斜している。そして、第一対向面３６Ａ、及び第二対向面３６Ｂの勾配（水平面に対する傾きの度合）は、１／１００とされている。なお、図中に示す勾配については、容易に勾配が理解できるように誇張している。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4A, the first facing surface 36 </ b> A has a depth side portion in the depth direction positioned below the depth direction front side portion as viewed from the width direction. In this way, it is inclined with respect to the depth direction. Similarly, the second opposing surface 36B is inclined with respect to the depth direction so that the portion on the back side in the depth direction is positioned below the portion on the near side in the depth direction when viewed from the width direction. ing. The gradient (degree of inclination with respect to the horizontal plane) of the first opposed surface 36A and the second opposed surface 36B is 1/100. Note that the gradient shown in the figure is exaggerated so that the gradient can be easily understood.
そして、図４（Ｂ）に示されるように、試験片１０を治具３２の空間３４に配置して、試験片１０の重心Ｇ１と治具３２の重心Ｇ２とを重ねた状態で、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第一面１２Ａと、第一対向面３６Ａとの間に隙間が生じている。さらに、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第二面１２Ｂと、第二対向面３６Ｂとの間に隙間が生じている。これらの隙間の上下方向の距離は、約２〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 4B, the test piece 10 is placed in the space 34 of the jig 32, and the test piece 10 is placed with the center of gravity G1 of the test piece 10 and the center of gravity G2 of the jig 32 overlapped. There is a gap between the first surface 12A of the ten restraining portions 12 and the first facing surface 36A. Furthermore, a gap is generated between the second surface 12B of the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 and the second facing surface 36B. The distance in the vertical direction of these gaps is about 2 [mm].
さらに、第一対向面３６Ａにおいて、試験片１０の第一面１２Ａと対向する部分の面積は、１２０〔ｍｍ２〕とされ、一対の第二対向面３６Ｂにおいて、試験片１０の第二面１２Ｂと対向する部分の面積は、６０〔ｍｍ２〕とされている。 Further, in the first facing surface 36A, the area of the portion facing the first surface 12A of the test piece 10 is 120 [mm 2 ], and the second surface 12B of the test piece 10 is in the pair of second facing surfaces 36B. The area of the part that faces is 60 [mm 2 ].
また、第二空間３８は、図１に示されるように、上下方向に延びている直方体状とされている。本実施形態では、第二空間３８の幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ１７）が６．４〔ｍｍ〕とされている。なお、幅方向において、試験片１０と治具３２との間には、０．２〔ｍｍ〕程度のクリアランスが設けられている。 Moreover, the 2nd space 38 is made into the rectangular parallelepiped shape extended in an up-down direction, as FIG. 1 shows. In the present embodiment, the length in the width direction of the second space 38 (L17 in the figure) is 6.4 [mm]. In the width direction, a clearance of about 0.2 mm is provided between the test piece 10 and the jig 32.
−シム部材４０、４６−
シム部材４０は、板状の部材で２個設けられており、図２、図３に示されるように、上下方向から見て、矩形状とされている。また、シム部材４０は、試験片１０の第一面１２Ａと治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａとの間に配置されている。さらに、シム部材４０において第一対向面３６Ａ側の板面４０Ａの勾配は、反対側の面に対して１／１００とされており、図５（Ａ）（Ｂ）に示されるように、幅方向から見て、第一対向面３６Ａと面で接触するように傾斜している。そして、シム部材４０は、第一面１２Ａと第一対向面３６Ａとの間に生じた隙間を埋めている。
-Shim members 40, 46-
Two shim members 40 are provided as plate-like members, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the shim members 40 have a rectangular shape when viewed in the vertical direction. The shim member 40 is disposed between the first surface 12A of the test piece 10 and the first facing surface 36A of the jig 32. Further, in the shim member 40, the gradient of the plate surface 40A on the first facing surface 36A side is 1/100 with respect to the opposite surface, and as shown in FIGS. As viewed from the direction, it is inclined so as to come into contact with the first facing surface 36A. The shim member 40 fills a gap generated between the first surface 12A and the first facing surface 36A.
本実施形態では、シム部材４０は、図２に示されるように、幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ２１）が１２〔ｍｍ〕とされ、奥行方向の長さ（図中Ｌ２２）が１５〔ｍｍ〕とされ、厚さが約２〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the shim member 40 has a length in the width direction (L21 in the figure) of 12 [mm] and a length in the depth direction (L22 in the figure) of 15 [mm]. The thickness is about 2 [mm].
シム部材４６は、板状の部材で２個設けられており、図２、図３に示されるように、上下方向から見て、奥行方向の一方側が開放されているＵ字状とされている。また、シム部材４６は、試験片１０の第二面１２Ｂと治具３２の第二対向面３６Ｂとの間に配置されており、幅方向から試験片１０の連結部１６を挟んでいる。さらに、シム部材４６において第二対向面３６Ｂ側の板面４６Ａの勾配は、反対側の面に対して１／１００とされており、図５（Ａ）（Ｂ）に示されるように、幅方向から見て、第二対向面３６Ｂと面で接触するように傾斜している。そして、シム部材４６は、第二面１２Ｂと第二対向面３６Ｂとの間に生じた隙間を埋めるようになっている。 Two shim members 46 are provided as plate-like members, and as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when viewed from the vertical direction, the shim member 46 has a U shape in which one side in the depth direction is open. . The shim member 46 is disposed between the second surface 12B of the test piece 10 and the second opposing surface 36B of the jig 32, and sandwiches the connecting portion 16 of the test piece 10 from the width direction. Furthermore, the gradient of the plate surface 46A on the second facing surface 36B side in the shim member 46 is 1/100 with respect to the opposite surface, and as shown in FIGS. 5 (A) and 5 (B), the width As viewed from the direction, it is inclined so as to come into contact with the second facing surface 36B. The shim member 46 is configured to fill a gap generated between the second surface 12B and the second facing surface 36B.
本実施形態では、シム部材４６は、図２に示されるように、幅方向の長さ（図中Ｌ２５）が１２〔ｍｍ〕とされ、奥行方向の長さ（図中Ｌ２６）が１７〔ｍｍ〕とされ、厚さが約２〔ｍｍ〕とされている。 In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the shim member 46 has a length in the width direction (L25 in the figure) of 12 [mm] and a length in the depth direction (L26 in the figure) of 17 [mm]. The thickness is about 2 [mm].
−加熱冷却試験機６０−
加熱冷却試験機６０は、所謂ヒートサイクル試験機であって、高温と低温の温度変化を試験片に負荷し、温度変化に対する試験片の耐久性を短時間で評価するために用いられる。
-Heating / cooling tester 60-
The heating / cooling tester 60 is a so-called heat cycle tester, and is used to load a test piece with a temperature change between a high temperature and a low temperature and evaluate the durability of the test piece against the temperature change in a short time.
加熱冷却試験機６０は、図８（Ａ）（Ｂ）に示されるように、内部の試験槽６２を開放、及び閉止するドア６４を備えており、ドア６４を操作して試験槽６２を開放した状態で、試験片１０を拘束している治具３２を試験槽６２に入れるようになっている。そして、ドア６４を操作して試験槽６２を閉止した状態で、加熱冷却試験機６０は、試験片１０を拘束している治具３２に対して加熱、冷熱を繰り返すようになっている。 As shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the heating / cooling tester 60 includes a door 64 that opens and closes the internal test tank 62, and opens the test tank 62 by operating the door 64. In this state, the jig 32 that restrains the test piece 10 is placed in the test tank 62. And the heating / cooling testing machine 60 repeats heating and cooling with respect to the jig | tool 32 which has restrained the test piece 10 in the state which operated the door 64 and closed the test tank 62. FIG.
〔熱疲労試験方法〕
次に、熱疲労試験方法について、比較形態に係る熱疲労試験方法と比較しつつ説明する。先ず、比較形態に係る熱疲労試験方法に用いる試験片及び熱疲労試験装置について、本実施形態の試験片１０及び熱疲労試験装置３０と異なる部分を主に説明する。
[Thermal fatigue test method]
Next, the thermal fatigue test method will be described in comparison with the thermal fatigue test method according to the comparative embodiment. First, regarding the test piece and the thermal fatigue test apparatus used in the thermal fatigue test method according to the comparative embodiment, portions different from the test piece 10 and the thermal fatigue test apparatus 30 of the present embodiment will be mainly described.
図１２に示されるように、比較形態に係る熱疲労試験方法に用いる試験片１１０の両端部に形成された拘束部１１２は、上下方向に延びる直方体状とされている。そして、拘束部１１２は、評価部１４側を向く面を有しておらず、幅方向を向く一対の拘束面１１２Ａを有している。また、拘束部１１２には、幅方向に貫通した断面円状の貫通孔１１２Ｂが形成されている。 As shown in FIG. 12, the restraint portions 112 formed at both ends of the test piece 110 used in the thermal fatigue test method according to the comparative embodiment are in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped extending in the vertical direction. And the restraint part 112 does not have the surface which faces the evaluation part 14 side, but has a pair of restraint surfaces 112A which face the width direction. Further, the constraining portion 112 is formed with a through hole 112B having a circular cross section penetrating in the width direction.
比較形態に係る熱疲労試験方法に用いる熱疲労試験装置１３０は、一対の治具１３２と、２個のボルト１４０と、２個のナット１４６とを備えている。 The thermal fatigue test apparatus 130 used in the thermal fatigue test method according to the comparative form includes a pair of jigs 132, two bolts 140, and two nuts 146.
治具１３２は、上下方向に延びる長尺状とされ、治具１３２の両端部には、上下方向に延びる直方体状の押圧部１３４が夫々形成されている。そして、押圧部１３４は、拘束部１１２の拘束面１１２Ａと対向する押圧面１３４Ａを有しており、この押圧面１３４Ａには、複数のＶ字形の刃１３６が形成されている。さらに、押圧部１３４には、幅方向に貫通した断面円状の貫通孔１３４Ｂが形成されている。 The jig 132 has a long shape extending in the vertical direction, and a rectangular parallelepiped pressing portion 134 extending in the vertical direction is formed at each end of the jig 132. The pressing portion 134 has a pressing surface 134A that faces the restraining surface 112A of the restraining portion 112, and a plurality of V-shaped blades 136 are formed on the pressing surface 134A. Further, the pressing portion 134 is formed with a through hole 134B having a circular cross section penetrating in the width direction.
ボルト１４０のネジ径は、貫通孔１１２Ｂの孔径、及び貫通孔１３４Ｂの孔径と比して小さくされている。 The screw diameter of the bolt 140 is smaller than the hole diameter of the through hole 112B and the hole diameter of the through hole 134B.
そして、夫々のボルト１４０を、幅方向の一方側から、一方の治具１３２の押圧部１３４に形成された貫通孔１３４Ｂ、及び試験片１１０の拘束部１１２に形成された貫通孔１１２Ｂに順に挿入する。さらに、夫々のボルト１４０を、他方の治具１３２の押圧部１３４に形成された貫通孔１３４Ｂに挿入する。そして、幅方向の他方側から、ナット１４６を、ボルト１４０に締め込む。 Then, the respective bolts 140 are sequentially inserted from one side in the width direction into the through hole 134B formed in the pressing portion 134 of one jig 132 and the through hole 112B formed in the restraining portion 112 of the test piece 110. To do. Further, each bolt 140 is inserted into a through hole 134 </ b> B formed in the pressing portion 134 of the other jig 132. Then, the nut 146 is fastened to the bolt 140 from the other side in the width direction.
これにより、図１３に示されるように、拘束部１１２の拘束面１１２Ａに、押圧部１３４の押圧面１３４Ａを押し付けることで、押圧面１３４Ａに形成された刃１３６が拘束面１１２Ａに圧入される。そして、拘束部１１２の拘束面１１２Ａに、刃１３６が圧入されることで、拘束面１１２Ａが凹凸状に塑性変形する。これにより、試験片１１０の拘束部１１２が、治具１３２に拘束される。 Thus, as shown in FIG. 13, the blade 136 formed on the pressing surface 134A is press-fitted into the restricting surface 112A by pressing the pressing surface 134A of the pressing portion 134 against the restricting surface 112A of the restricting portion 112. Then, when the blade 136 is press-fitted into the restraining surface 112A of the restraining portion 112, the restraining surface 112A is plastically deformed into an uneven shape. Thereby, the restraining part 112 of the test piece 110 is restrained by the jig 132.
なお、刃１３６の拘束面１１２Ａへの圧入は、油圧プレス等の圧縮装置で行うことがより望ましい。これにより、刃１３６の圧入をより深くすることで、拘束を強化することができる。その圧入後、ボルト１４０とナット１４６で固定することで、拘束の緩みを防止することができる。 It is more desirable to press-fit the blade 136 into the constraining surface 112A with a compression device such as a hydraulic press. Thereby, restraint can be strengthened by making the press-fit of the blade 136 deeper. After the press-fitting, loosening of the restraint can be prevented by fixing with the bolt 140 and the nut 146.
次に、本実施形態の熱疲労試験方法について説明する。 Next, the thermal fatigue test method of this embodiment will be described.
先ず、図１に示されるように、試験片１０の評価部１４に、熱ひずみを測定するための歪みゲージ９２を貼り付ける。なお、この歪みゲージ９２は、図示せぬ測定器に電気的に接続されている。 First, as shown in FIG. 1, a strain gauge 92 for measuring thermal strain is attached to the evaluation unit 14 of the test piece 10. The strain gauge 92 is electrically connected to a measuring instrument (not shown).
そして、室温（例えば２２〔℃〕）状態で、図４（Ａ）（Ｂ）、図６に示されるように、歪みゲージ９２が張り付けられた試験片１０を治具３２の空間３４に挿入する。 Then, in the state of room temperature (for example, 22 [° C.]), the test piece 10 with the strain gauge 92 attached is inserted into the space 34 of the jig 32 as shown in FIGS. .
さらに、図３、図５（Ａ）（Ｂ）に示されるように、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第一面１２Ａと治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａとの間に生じた隙間にシム部材４０を挿入させる。また、試験片１０の拘束部１２の第二面１２Ｂと治具３２の第二対向面３６Ｂとの間に生じた隙間にシム部材４６を挿入させる。これにより、試験片１０の重心Ｇ１と、治具３２の重心Ｇ２とを重ねる。 Further, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5 </ b> A and 5 </ b> B, a shim is formed in the gap formed between the first surface 12 </ b> A of the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 and the first facing surface 36 </ b> A of the jig 32. The member 40 is inserted. In addition, the shim member 46 is inserted into a gap generated between the second surface 12B of the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 and the second opposing surface 36B of the jig 32. Thereby, the gravity center G1 of the test piece 10 and the gravity center G2 of the jig 32 are overlapped.
具体的には、上方の拘束部１２の上方及び下方に生じた隙間については、治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａとシム部材４０の板面４０Ａとが面で接触するように、板面４０Ａを上方に向けたシム部材４０を、治具３２に対して奥行方向の手前側から隙間に挿入させる。次に、治具３２の第二対向面３６Ｂと板面４６Ａとが面で接触するように、板面４６Ａを下方に向けたシム部材４６を、治具３２に対して奥行方向の奥側から隙間に挿入させる。 Specifically, with respect to the gap generated above and below the upper restraining portion 12, the plate surface 40A is such that the first facing surface 36A of the jig 32 and the plate surface 40A of the shim member 40 are in contact with each other. The shim member 40 facing upward is inserted into the gap from the front side in the depth direction with respect to the jig 32. Next, the shim member 46 with the plate surface 46A facing downward is placed in the depth direction with respect to the jig 32 so that the second facing surface 36B of the jig 32 and the plate surface 46A are in contact with each other. Insert in the gap.
さらに、下方の拘束部１２の上方及び下方に生じた隙間については、治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａと板面４０Ａとが面で接触するように板面４０Ａを下方に向けたシム部材４０を、治具３２に対して奥行方向の奥側から隙間に挿入させる。次に、治具３２の第二対向面３６Ｂと板面４６Ａとが面で接触するように板面４６Ａを上方に向けたシム部材４６を、治具３２に対して奥行方向の手前側から隙間に挿入させる。 Further, with respect to the gap generated above and below the lower restraining portion 12, the shim member 40 is configured such that the plate surface 40A faces downward so that the first facing surface 36A of the jig 32 and the plate surface 40A are in contact with each other. Is inserted into the gap from the back side in the depth direction with respect to the jig 32. Next, the shim member 46 with the plate surface 46A facing upward so that the second facing surface 36B of the jig 32 and the plate surface 46A are in contact with each other is spaced from the front side in the depth direction with respect to the jig 32. To insert.
シム部材４０、４６を隙間に挿入させることで、シム部材４０、４６の先端及び基端が、治具３２から突出し、各隙間が埋められる。これにより、試験片１０の拘束部１２が、治具に拘束される。つまり、本実施形態の熱疲労試験方法では、記試験片１０の長手方向からシム部材４０、４６を拘束部１２に接触させることで、試験片１０の拘束部１２を治具３２に拘束させる（拘束工程）。 By inserting the shim members 40 and 46 into the gaps, the distal ends and the base ends of the shim members 40 and 46 protrude from the jig 32, and each gap is filled. Thereby, the restraining part 12 of the test piece 10 is restrained by the jig. That is, in the thermal fatigue test method of the present embodiment, the restraint portion 12 of the test piece 10 is restrained by the jig 32 by bringing the shim members 40 and 46 into contact with the restraint portion 12 from the longitudinal direction of the test piece 10 ( Restraint process).
次に、拘束部１２が治具３２に拘束されている試験片１０及び治具３２を、加熱冷却試験機６０の試験槽６２（図８参照）に入れる。そして、高温と低温の温度変化を試験片１０及び治具３２に負荷し、加熱、冷却を繰り繰り返す。本実施形態では、図１０のグラフの温度波形に示されるように、温度範囲を２００〔℃〕とする。さらに、高温で２〔ｍｉｎ〕以上を保持し、低温で０．４〔ｍｉｎ〕以上保持して、１サイクルを６〔ｍｉｎ〕として加熱、冷却を繰り返した。 Next, the test piece 10 and the jig 32 in which the restraining portion 12 is restrained by the jig 32 are placed in the test tank 62 (see FIG. 8) of the heating / cooling tester 60. And the temperature change of high temperature and low temperature is loaded to the test piece 10 and the jig | tool 32, and heating and cooling are repeated. In the present embodiment, as shown in the temperature waveform of the graph of FIG. Further, the temperature was maintained at 2 [min] or higher at a high temperature, held at 0.4 [min] or higher at a low temperature, and heating and cooling were repeated with one cycle being 6 [min].
これにより、試験片１０と治具３２との熱膨張差により生じる熱ひずみが、試験片１０の評価部１４に集中する。本実施形態では、治具３２の熱膨張係数が、試験片１０の熱膨張係数と比して小さいため、加熱時（高温時）には、相対的に評価部１４が上下方向（長手方向）に圧縮され、冷却時（低温時）には、相対的に評価部１４が上下方向（長手方向）に引っ張られる（伸縮拘束工程）。 As a result, thermal strain caused by the difference in thermal expansion between the test piece 10 and the jig 32 is concentrated on the evaluation unit 14 of the test piece 10. In this embodiment, since the thermal expansion coefficient of the jig 32 is smaller than the thermal expansion coefficient of the test piece 10, the evaluation unit 14 is relatively vertically moved (longitudinal direction) during heating (at a high temperature). The evaluation unit 14 is relatively pulled in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction) at the time of cooling (at the time of low temperature) (stretching and restraining step).
ここで、本実施形態では、前述したように、上記試験片１０の長手方向からシム部材４０、４６を拘束部１２に接触させることで、試験片１０の拘束部１２を治具３２に拘束させている。 Here, in this embodiment, as described above, the restraint portion 12 of the test piece 10 is restrained by the jig 32 by bringing the shim members 40 and 46 into contact with the restraint portion 12 from the longitudinal direction of the test piece 10. ing.
一方、比較形態の熱疲労試験方法においては、前述したように、幅方向から試験片１１０の拘束部１１２に、治具１３２の押圧部１３４を押し付けることで、押圧面１３４Ａに形成された刃１３６が拘束面１１２Ａに圧入される。そして、拘束部１１２の拘束面１１２Ａに、刃１３６が圧入されることで、拘束面１１２Ａを凹凸状に塑性変形させる。これにより、試験片１１０の拘束部１１２を治具１３２に拘束させる。つまり、比較形態の熱疲労試験方法では、試験片１１０の伸縮方向（上下方向）に対して直交する方向（幅方向）から、押圧面１３４Ａに形成された刃１３６を拘束面１１２Ａに圧入させることで試験片１１０を治具１３２に拘束させている。 On the other hand, in the thermal fatigue test method of the comparative form, as described above, the blade 136 formed on the pressing surface 134A by pressing the pressing portion 134 of the jig 132 against the restraining portion 112 of the test piece 110 from the width direction. Is press-fitted into the restraining surface 112A. Then, the blade 136 is press-fitted into the restraining surface 112A of the restraining portion 112, so that the restraining surface 112A is plastically deformed into an uneven shape. Thereby, the restraining part 112 of the test piece 110 is restrained by the jig 132. That is, in the thermal fatigue test method of the comparative form, the blade 136 formed on the pressing surface 134A is press-fitted into the restraining surface 112A from the direction (width direction) orthogonal to the expansion / contraction direction (vertical direction) of the test piece 110. Thus, the test piece 110 is restrained by the jig 132.
このため、伸縮拘束工程で、試験片１１０が上下方向に伸縮しようとする際に作用する力で、拘束面１１２Ａの凹凸状の凹部が上下方向に広がってしまう。この凹部の広がりにより、試験中に試験片１１０の拘束が緩んでいた。 For this reason, in the expansion / contraction restraint step, the concave and convex concave portions of the restraint surface 112A expand in the vertical direction due to the force acting when the test piece 110 tries to expand and contract in the vertical direction. Due to the widening of the recess, the restraint of the test piece 110 was loosened during the test.
図１１には、加熱、冷却サイクルに伴う本実施形態の試験片１０の評価部１４のひずみの変化がグラフで示されている。横軸は、加熱、冷却サイクル数を示し、縦軸は、各サイクルにおける冷却終了時及び加熱終了時のピーク値の差である全ひずみ範囲〔％〕を示している。 In FIG. 11, the change of the distortion of the evaluation part 14 of the test piece 10 of this embodiment accompanying a heating and cooling cycle is shown by the graph. The horizontal axis indicates the number of heating and cooling cycles, and the vertical axis indicates the total strain range [%] that is the difference between the peak values at the end of cooling and at the end of heating in each cycle.
試験中に拘束部１２の拘束が緩むと全ひずみ範囲が減少するが、本実施形態では、試験中に全ひずみ範囲が減少していないことから、拘束部１２の拘束が緩んでいないものと考えられる。なお、破断直前に全ひずみ範囲が急上昇しているのは、評価部１４に亀裂が生じたためと考えられる。 When the restraint of the restraint portion 12 is loosened during the test, the total strain range is reduced. However, in this embodiment, since the total strain range is not reduced during the test, it is considered that the restraint of the restraint portion 12 is not loose. It is done. In addition, it is thought that the total strain range rapidly increased immediately before the fracture because a crack occurred in the evaluation unit 14.
（まとめ）
以上説明したように、本実施形態では、試験片１０の長手方向からシム部材４０、４６を拘束部１２に接触させることで、試験片１０の拘束部１２を治具３２に拘束している。このため、比較形態に係る熱疲労試験方法と比して、試験片の拘束が緩むのを抑制することができる。
(Summary)
As described above, in the present embodiment, the restraint portion 12 of the test piece 10 is restrained by the jig 32 by bringing the shim members 40 and 46 into contact with the restraint portion 12 from the longitudinal direction of the test piece 10. For this reason, compared with the thermal fatigue test method which concerns on a comparison form, it can suppress that the restraint of a test piece loosens.
また、上記実施形態では、上下方向において、試験片１０の拘束部１２と、治具３２との間に生じた隙間にシム部材４０、４６を挿入させることで、上下方向における隙間を埋めている。このため、試験片１０の上下方向の長さ、及び治具３２の上下方向の長さが、ばらついた場合でも、試験片１０の拘束部１２を治具３２に拘束することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the gap in the vertical direction is filled by inserting the shim members 40 and 46 into the gap generated between the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 and the jig 32 in the vertical direction. . For this reason, even when the vertical length of the test piece 10 and the vertical length of the jig 32 vary, the restraining portion 12 of the test piece 10 can be restrained by the jig 32.
また、上記実施形態の拘束工程では、上方の拘束部１２において、第一面１２Ａと第一対向面３６Ａとの間の隙間を埋めるシム部材４０を、第二面１２Ｂと第二対向面３６Ｂとの間の隙間に挿入させるシム部材４６の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させる。同様に、下方の拘束部１２において、第一面１２Ａと第一対向面３６Ａとの間の隙間を埋めるシム部材４０を、第二面１２Ｂと第二対向面３６Ｂとの間の隙間に挿入させるシム部材４６の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させる。このため、全てのシム部材を同じ方向から隙間に挿入させる場合と比して、拘束部１２が治具３２に対してシム部材４０、４６の挿入方向にずれてしまうのを抑制することができる。 In the restraining process of the above embodiment, the shim member 40 that fills the gap between the first surface 12A and the first facing surface 36A in the upper restraining portion 12 is replaced with the second surface 12B and the second facing surface 36B. The shim member 46 is inserted from the opposite direction to the insertion direction of the shim member 46 to be inserted into the gap. Similarly, in the lower restraining portion 12, the shim member 40 that fills the gap between the first surface 12A and the first facing surface 36A is inserted into the gap between the second surface 12B and the second facing surface 36B. The shim member 46 is inserted from a direction opposite to the insertion direction. For this reason, compared with the case where all the shim members are inserted into the gap from the same direction, the restraint portion 12 can be prevented from shifting in the insertion direction of the shim members 40 and 46 with respect to the jig 32. .
また、試験片１０においては、拘束部１２が直方体状とされている。このため、例えば、拘束部の幅方向の最大幅が決められている場合に、拘束部を奥行方向に延びる直方体状とすることで、拘束部が上方から見て円状の場合として、第一面１２Ａと第二面１２Ｂの面積を広げることができる。また、例えば、拘束部の奥行方向の最大長さ決められている場合に、拘束部を幅方向に延びる直方体状とすることで、拘束部が上方から見て円状の場合として、第一面１２Ａと第二面１２Ｂの面積を広げることができる。 Moreover, in the test piece 10, the restraint part 12 is made into the rectangular parallelepiped shape. For this reason, for example, when the maximum width in the width direction of the restraint portion is determined, the restraint portion has a rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the depth direction. The area of the surface 12A and the second surface 12B can be increased. Further, for example, when the maximum length in the depth direction of the restraint portion is determined, the restraint portion is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape extending in the width direction. The area of 12A and the 2nd surface 12B can be expanded.
また、熱疲労試験装置３０においては、比較形態に係る熱疲労試験装置１３０を用いる場合と比して、試験中に試験片１０の拘束が緩むのを抑制することができる。 Moreover, in the thermal fatigue test apparatus 30, compared with the case where the thermal fatigue test apparatus 130 which concerns on a comparison form is used, it can suppress that the restraint of the test piece 10 loosens during a test.
なお、本発明を特定の実施形態について詳細に説明したが、本発明は係る実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲内にて他の種々の実施形態をとることが可能であることは当業者にとって明らかである。例えば、上記実施形態では、シム部材４０、４６を合計４個用いたが、拘束部１２の一の面を治具３２に直接接触させることで、シム部材４０、４６を合計３個用いる構成としてもよい。 Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to such embodiments, and various other embodiments can be taken within the scope of the present invention. This will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, in the above-described embodiment, a total of four shim members 40 and 46 are used. However, by bringing one surface of the restraint portion 12 into direct contact with the jig 32, a total of three shim members 40 and 46 are used. Also good.
また、上記実施形態では、治具３２の熱膨張係数が、試験片１０の熱膨張係数と比して小さかったが、試験片１０の熱膨張係数が、治具３２の熱膨張係数と比して小さくてもよい。 Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the thermal expansion coefficient of the jig | tool 32 was small compared with the thermal expansion coefficient of the test piece 10, the thermal expansion coefficient of the test piece 10 compared with the thermal expansion coefficient of the jig | tool 32. Can be small.
また、上記実施形態では、シム部材４０、４６に勾配を設けることで距離がばらついた隙間を埋めていたが、シム部材を何種類が準備することで距離がばらついた隙間を埋めてもよい。 Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the clearance gap which the distance varied by providing the gradient to the shim members 40 and 46 was filled, you may fill the clearance gap where the distance varied by preparing several types of shim members.
また、上記実形態に記載した試験片１０の材質は、一例であって、他の材質の試験片を用いてもよい。 Moreover, the material of the test piece 10 described in the above embodiment is an example, and a test piece of another material may be used.
また、治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａ、及び第二対向面３６Ｂの勾配の傾斜方向は、全て平行であることが望ましい。本願発明では、治具３２と試験片１０の隙間の勾配と、シム部材４０、４６の勾配とが一致することが、隙間を高精度に無くすために重要である。治具３２の第一対向面３６Ａと第二対向面３６Ｂとを平行にすることで、全ての面を同時に加工することが可能となる。これにより、隙間の勾配が一定になり、隙間を高精度に無くすことが可能となる。 Further, it is desirable that the inclination directions of the gradients of the first facing surface 36A and the second facing surface 36B of the jig 32 are all parallel. In the present invention, it is important for the clearance between the jig 32 and the test piece 10 and the shim members 40 and 46 to coincide with each other in order to eliminate the clearance with high accuracy. By making the first opposing surface 36A and the second opposing surface 36B of the jig 32 parallel, it is possible to process all the surfaces simultaneously. Thereby, the gradient of the gap becomes constant and the gap can be eliminated with high accuracy.
１０ 試験片
１２ 拘束部
１２Ａ 第一面
１２Ｂ 第二面
１４ 評価部
３０ 熱疲労試験装置
３２ 治具
３６Ａ 第一対向面
３６Ｂ 第二対向面
４０ シム部材（拘束部材の一例）
４６ シム部材（拘束部材の一例）
６０ 加熱冷却試験機
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Test piece 12 Restraint part 12A 1st surface 12B 2nd surface 14 Evaluation part 30 Thermal fatigue testing apparatus 32 Jig 36A 1st opposing surface 36B 2nd opposing surface 40 Shim member (an example of a restraining member)
46 Shim member (an example of restraint member)
60 Heating / cooling testing machine
Claims (5)
前記試験片の長手方向から拘束部材を前記両端部に接触させて前記試験片の両端部を治具に拘束させる拘束工程と、
前記両端部が前記治具に拘束された状態で、加熱、冷却を繰り繰り返して、前記試験片の前記長手方向の伸縮を拘束する伸縮拘束工程と、
を備える熱疲労試験方法。 A thermal fatigue test method in which the both end portions of a long test piece having an evaluation portion having a smaller cross-sectional area than both end portions at the center portion are restrained by a jig having a different thermal expansion coefficient with respect to the test piece. There,
A restraining step of bringing a restraining member into contact with the both ends from the longitudinal direction of the test piece and restraining the both ends of the test piece with a jig;
In a state where both ends are constrained by the jig, heating and cooling are repeated, and an expansion and contraction restraining step of constraining the expansion and contraction of the test piece in the longitudinal direction,
A thermal fatigue test method comprising:
前記治具には、前記第一面と対向する第一対向面と、前記第二面と対向する第二対向面とが形成されており、
前記拘束工程では、前記第一面と前記第一対向面とを対向させ、かつ、前記第二面と前記第二対向面とを対向させ、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間、及び前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に前記拘束部材としてのシム部材を挿入させる請求項１に記載の熱疲労試験方法。 A first surface facing the opposite side of the evaluation part side in the longitudinal direction and a second surface facing the evaluation part side in the longitudinal direction are respectively formed at the both ends.
The jig is formed with a first facing surface facing the first surface and a second facing surface facing the second surface,
In the restraining step, the first surface and the first facing surface are opposed to each other, the second surface and the second facing surface are opposed to each other, and the first surface and the first facing surface are between The thermal fatigue test method according to claim 1, wherein a shim member as the restraining member is inserted into a gap formed between the second surface and the second facing surface.
前記拘束工程では、一方の端部において、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋める前記シム部材を、前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させる前記シム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させ、他方の端部において、前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋める前記シム部材を、前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間に挿入させる前記シム部材の挿入方向に対して反対の方向から挿入させる請求項２に記載の熱疲労試験方法。 In the both end portions, a gap is generated between the first surface and the first facing surface, and between the second surface and the second facing surface, respectively.
In the restraining step, at one end, the shim member that fills a gap formed between the first surface and the first opposing surface is generated between the second surface and the second opposing surface. The shim member is inserted from a direction opposite to the insertion direction of the shim member to be inserted into the gap, and fills the gap generated between the first surface and the first facing surface at the other end. The thermal fatigue test method according to claim 2, wherein the thermal fatigue test method is inserted from a direction opposite to an insertion direction of the shim member to be inserted into a gap formed between the second surface and the second facing surface.
長手方向の中央部に形成され、円柱状の評価部と、
長手方向の両端部に夫々形成されている直方体状であって、前記長手方向において前記評価部側とは反対側を向く第一面と、前記長手方向において前記評価部側を向く第二面とが形成されている拘束部と、
を有する試験片。 A long test piece used in the thermal fatigue test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
Formed in the central part in the longitudinal direction, and a cylindrical evaluation part;
A rectangular parallelepiped formed at both ends in the longitudinal direction, the first surface facing the side opposite to the evaluation part side in the longitudinal direction, and the second surface facing the evaluation part side in the longitudinal direction A restraint part formed with,
A test piece having
試験片の長手方向において、前記試験片の両端部で評価部側とは反対側を向く第一面と対向する第一対向面と、前記試験片の両端部で前記評価部側を向く第二面と対向する第二対向面と、が形成されている治具と、
前記第一面と前記第一対向面との間、及び前記第二面と前記第二対向面との間に生じた隙間を埋めて、前記両端部を前記治具に拘束させる複数のシム部材と、
前記両端部が治具に拘束されている状態で、加熱、冷熱を繰り返す加熱冷却試験機と、
を備える熱疲労試験装置。
A thermal fatigue test apparatus used in the thermal fatigue test method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
In the longitudinal direction of the test piece, a first facing surface facing the first surface facing the opposite side to the evaluation part side at both ends of the test piece, and a second facing the evaluation part side at both ends of the test piece A jig formed with a second facing surface facing the surface;
A plurality of shim members that fill gaps formed between the first surface and the first facing surface and between the second surface and the second facing surface and restrain the both ends with the jig. When,
A heating and cooling tester that repeats heating and cooling in a state where both ends are constrained by a jig, and
A thermal fatigue test apparatus comprising:
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109799152A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-24 | 吉林大学 | A kind of full service temperature section composite-material body built-in fitting fatigue experimental device and test method |
| KR20210023246A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-03-04 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Membrane mounting apparatus for fatigue test |
| CN114235319A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Hollow turbine blade testing device and method |
| CN114812186A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 重庆大学 | A rapid cooling system for high temperature fatigue test |
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2017
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109799152A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-05-24 | 吉林大学 | A kind of full service temperature section composite-material body built-in fitting fatigue experimental device and test method |
| KR20210023246A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2021-03-04 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Membrane mounting apparatus for fatigue test |
| KR102260422B1 (en) | 2019-08-22 | 2021-06-02 | 삼성중공업 주식회사 | Membrane mounting apparatus for fatigue test |
| CN114235319A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Hollow turbine blade testing device and method |
| CN114235319B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2024-03-19 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Hollow turbine blade test device and method |
| CN114812186A (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 重庆大学 | A rapid cooling system for high temperature fatigue test |
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