JP2017506577A - 帯水層のマトリックス逆拡散の処理 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
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- B09C1/002—Reclamation of contaminated soil involving in-situ ground water treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
- C02F2003/003—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms using activated carbon or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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Abstract
Description
抑制されていない地下水汚染のソースは、地下水系又は帯水層を通じて動く、混ざり合った又は相分離した汚染物質分子のプルームを生成する。不均一物質からなる(例えば、砂層及び粘土層からなる)帯水層において、汚染物質は、主として、より高透水性のゾーン(例えば、砂)を通じて流れる傾向にある。より高透水性のゾーンが輸送する汚染物質の濃度は高いので、拡散勾配が生じ、隣接する、より低透水性のゾーン(例えば、粘土)中に汚染物質が進められる。時間を通じて、これにより、隣接するより低透水性のゾーンが、混ざり合った相当な量の汚染物質を貯蔵することになる。
過去数十年を通じて、地下水浄化手法は、単純な地下水抽出技術から、例えば界面活性物質フラッシング剤と、酸化剤と、還元剤と、汚染物質の現場での生分解を刺激するための補助剤との注入を伴う原位置処理手法へ発達した。これらの手法は、主に帯水層系中の高透水性のゾーンに影響を及ぼすことが示された。
研究評議会からの最近の報告書(NRC、2012及びその参照文献)では、合衆国において混入物質により汚染された300,000の土地の洗浄に対して、2033年までに2000億ドル超が費やされるであろうことが推定された。これらの場所の洗浄に対する時間枠が引き伸ばされていることと、コストが増加していることとについての主要な理由の幾つかは、「極めて不均一な地下環境における問題の性質及び程度を特定することの難しさ、及びこれらの地質状況のうちの多くにおいて回復を達成できなかった浄化技術の使用」である。これに加えて、この文書では続けて、逆拡散(マトリックス逆拡散としても知られる)が、複雑な場所において地下水を洗浄する能力を制限する顕著なプロセスの1つであることを確認している。また、このNRC報告書では、「離脱/拡散が制限されている局所的な場所からの混入物質の除去を優先的に目標とし、且つ加速させることが証明されている浄化手法が存在しない」ことも示されている。この報告書に鑑みて、マトリックス逆拡散に関連する地下水混入に対処し、したがって混入物質により汚染された土地
のより迅速且つ低コストな洗浄を可能にする手法の必要が、明確に存在する。
従来の吸着剤のうち、最も一般的なものは粒状活性炭(GAC)であり、水から有機混入物質を除去するための地上(エクスサイチュ(ex−situ))処理システムにおいて広く使用されている。これに加えて、生物活性炭(BAC又はBio−GAC)は、流動床処理システムにおいて水から混入物質を効果的に除去することが実証されている。しかしながら、これらのシステムはどちらも、混入物質のマトリックス逆拡散から生じる地下水混入の原位置処理に対して効果的に適用されることができない。粒径が大きいことによって(40μmから約1cmまでの範囲)、注入時における帯水層の透水ゾーンを通じたこれらの物質の輸送が妨げられる。水圧破砕法を用いて大きな固体粒子の分散を増加させることができるが、しかしながら、これは、低圧注入よりコストがかかり、注入物質の分散に対してより低い制御をしか示さない。マトリックス逆拡散の界面まで、より高透水性のチャネルを辿るのではなく、透水性が異なる複数のゾーンを通じて孔隙が無作為に広がっている。
水層の透水ゾーン中へのコロイド状バイオマトリックスの配置、重力供給、又は浄化化学物質を地表下へ導入する他の一般的な手段が含まれる。
2)コロイド状バイオマトリックス粒子を土壌に堆積させて、低透水性のゾーンの界面を含め帯水層の透水チャネル中に存在させる工程、
3)細菌と混入物質との両方が存在するためのマトリックスを提供し、それによって混入物質を破壊する生分解の効率を上げる工程、
4)低透水性のゾーンと高透水性のゾーンとの界面において、地下水中の混入物質濃度を減少させ、それによって低透水性のゾーンの外への混入物質の拡散の速度を増加させる工程。
本発明によって処理される地下水混入物質は、活性炭及び水浄化において使用される他の吸着剤に対して吸着する任意の有機混入物質である。これには、全ての石油系炭化水素(例えば、ガソリン、ディーゼル燃料、モーターオイル、及び他の成分)、塩素系溶剤(トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレン、ジクロロエチレン、塩化ビニル、塩化エタン、塩化ベンゼンを含む)、及びフッ化化合物(ペルフルオロオクタンスルホン酸塩及び
ペルフルオロオクタン酸を含む)が含まれる。これらの地下水混入物質は、例として挙げられており、本発明の範囲を限定することを意図しない。
Claims (5)
- 帯水層系における低透水性のゾーンから外へ拡散する汚染物質を生分解させる方法であって、
a)有機汚染物質が混入した地下水系中へ、直径5マイクロメートル未満の固体吸着物質を689kPa(100psi)未満の注入圧力で導入する工程と、
b)前記帯水層のマトリックス自体へ付着する前に、前記吸着剤粒子を適用点から外向きに前記帯水層中に5cmを超えて分散させる工程と、
c)有機混入物質を前記吸着物質の表面上に濃縮させる工程と、
d)前記混入物質を分解することが可能な土着の微生物によって前記吸着剤のマトリックスにコロニーを形成させる工程と、
e)吸着された混入物質を、コロニーを形成した前記微生物によって無害な化合物に生分解させる工程と、を備える、方法。 - 前記吸着剤のバイオマトリックスにコロニーを形成する微生物を、地下水混入物質を嫌気的に生体内変換するように刺激するべく、前記工程aにおいて前記地下水系に対して発酵基質が与えられ、基質の例は、炭水化物、有機酸、植物油、アルコール、及びタンパク質を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程aにおいて前記地下水系に対して微生物の培養株又は集団が与えられる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記吸着剤のバイオマトリックスにコロニーを形成する前記微生物による地下水混入物質の酸化型生分解を助けるように、前記地下水に対して電子受容性基質が与えられ、前記電子受容性基質は、酸素、硝酸塩、及び硫酸塩からなるグループから選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記工程aにおいて前記地下水系に対して微生物の培養株又は集団が与えられる、請求項4に記載の方法。
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US201461940142P | 2014-02-14 | 2014-02-14 | |
US61/940,142 | 2014-02-14 | ||
US14/621,031 US9776898B2 (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-02-12 | Treatment of aquifer matrix back diffusion |
US14/621,031 | 2015-02-12 | ||
PCT/US2015/015899 WO2015123569A1 (en) | 2014-02-14 | 2015-02-13 | Treatment of aquifer matrix back diffusion |
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EP (1) | EP3105190B1 (ja) |
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US10512957B2 (en) | 2013-08-02 | 2019-12-24 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products | Colloidal agents for aquifer and metals remediation |
US9776898B2 (en) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-10-03 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products | Treatment of aquifer matrix back diffusion |
WO2017161178A1 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | Regenesis Bioremediation Products | Colloidal agents for aquifer and metals remediation |
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