JP2016125373A - 排気浄化システム - Google Patents
排気浄化システム Download PDFInfo
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0885—Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F01N11/005—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model
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- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
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- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
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Abstract
【解決手段】排気中のNOxを還元浄化するNOx還元型触媒32と、吸入空気量を減少させる空気系制御と燃料噴射量を増加させる噴射系制御とを併用して排気空燃比をリーン状態からリッチ状態に切り替えることでNOx還元型触媒32のNOx浄化能力を回復させる触媒再生処理を実行する触媒再生制御部60と、NOx還元型触媒32よりも下流側の排気通路13に設けられた排気温度センサ43と、内燃機関10の運転状態に基づいて、NOx還元型触媒32の触媒温度を推定する触媒温度推定部78と、触媒温度推定部78から入力される触媒温度に基づいて、排気温度センサ43のセンサ値を推定する温度センサ値推定部81と、触媒再生処理の実行中に実センサ値と推定センサ値との温度差に基づいて触媒再生処理の異常を判定する異常判定部82とを備える。
【選択図】図1
Description
フィルタ再生制御部51は、車両の走行距離、あるいは図示しない差圧センサで検出されるフィルタ前後差圧からフィルタ33のPM堆積量を推定すると共に、このPM堆積推定量が所定の上限閾値を超えると強制再生フラグFDPFをオンにする(図2の時刻t1参照)。強制再生フラグFDPFがオンにされると、排気インジェクタ34に排気管噴射を実行させる指示信号が送信されるか、あるいは、各筒内インジェクタ11にポスト噴射を実行させる指示信号が送信されて、排気温度をPM燃焼温度(例えば、約550℃)まで昇温させる。この強制再生フラグFDPFは、PM堆積推定量が燃焼除去を示す所定の下限閾値(判定閾値)まで低下するとオフにされる(図2の時刻t2参照)。強制再生フラグFDPFをオフにする判定閾値は、例えば、フィルタ強制再生開始(FDPF=1)からの上限経過時間や上限累積噴射量を基準にしてもよい。
SOxパージ制御部60は、排気をリッチ状態にして排気温度を硫黄離脱温度(例えば、約600℃)まで上昇させて、NOx吸蔵還元型触媒32をSOx被毒から回復させる制御(以下、この制御をSOxパージ制御という)を実行する。
図3は、SOxパージリーン制御時のMAF目標値MAFSPL_Trgtの設定処理を示すブロック図である。第1目標空気過剰率設定マップ61は、エンジン回転数Ne及びアクセル開度Q(エンジン10の燃料噴射量)に基づいて参照されるマップであって、これらエンジン回転数Neとアクセル開度Qとに対応したSOxパージリーン制御時の空気過剰率目標値λSPL_Trgt(第1目標空気過剰率)が予め実験等に基づいて設定されている。
図4は、SOxパージリッチ制御における排気管噴射又はポスト噴射の目標噴射量QSPR_Trgt(単位時間当たりの噴射量)の設定処理を示すブロック図である。第2目標空気過剰率設定マップ65は、エンジン回転数Ne及びアクセル開度Qに基づいて参照されるマップであって、これらエンジン回転数Neとアクセル開度Qとに対応したSOxパージリッチ制御時の空気過剰率目標値λSPR_Trgt(第2目標空気過剰率)が予め実験等に基づいて設定されている。
SOxパージ制御中にNOx吸蔵還元型触媒32に流入する排気温度(以下、触媒温度ともいう)は、図2の時刻t2〜t4に示すように、排気管噴射又はポスト噴射を実行するSOxパージリッチフラグFSPRのオン・オフ(リッチ・リーン)を交互に切り替えることで制御される。SOxパージリッチフラグFSPRがオン(FSPR=1)にされると、排気管噴射又はポスト噴射によって触媒温度は上昇する(以下、この期間を噴射期間TF_INJという)。一方、SOxパージリッチフラグFSPRがオフにされると、排気管噴射又はポスト噴射の停止によって触媒温度は低下する(以下、この期間をインターバルTF_INTという)。
図6は、触媒温度推定部70による酸化触媒温度及び、NOx触媒温度の推定処理を示すブロック図である。
図6に示す参照温度選択部79は、上述したフィルタ強制再生やSOxパージの温度フィードバック制御に用いる参照温度を選択する。
図7は、異常診断部80による診断処理を示すブロック図である。
SOxパージ制御は、(1)SOxパージフラグFSPのオンから排気管噴射又はポスト噴射の噴射量を累積し、この累積噴射量が所定の上限閾値量に達した場合、(2)SOxパージ制御の開始から計時した経過時間が所定の上限閾値時間に達した場合、(3)エンジン10の運転状態やNOx/ラムダセンサ45のセンサ値等を入力信号として含む所定のモデル式に基づいて演算されるNOx吸蔵還元型触媒32のSOx吸着量がSOx除去成功を示す所定の閾値まで低下した場合の何れかの条件が成立すると、SOxパージフラグFSPをオフにして終了される(図2の時刻t4、図5の時刻tn参照)。
MAF追従制御部85は、(1)通常運転のリーン状態からSOxパージ制御によるリッチ状態への切り替え期間及び、(2)SOxパージ制御によるリッチ状態から通常運転のリーン状態への切り替え期間に、各筒内インジェクタ11の燃料噴射タイミング及び燃料噴射量をMAF変化に応じて補正する制御(MAF追従制御という)を実行する。
図8に示すように、噴射量学習補正部90は、学習補正係数演算部91と、噴射量補正部92とを有する。
MAF補正係数演算部95は、SOxパージ制御時のMAF目標値MAFSPL_Trgtや目標噴射量QSPR_Trgtの設定に用いられるMAF補正係数Maf_corrを演算する。
なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変形して実施することが可能である。
11 筒内インジェクタ
12 吸気通路
13 排気通路
16 吸気スロットルバルブ
24 EGRバルブ
31 酸化触媒
32 NOx吸蔵還元型触媒
33 フィルタ
34 排気インジェクタ
40 MAFセンサ
45 NOx/ラムダセンサ
50 ECU
Claims (5)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられて排気中のNOxを還元浄化するNOx還元型触媒と、
吸入空気量を減少させる空気系制御と燃料噴射量を増加させる噴射系制御とを併用して排気空燃比をリーン状態からリッチ状態に切り替えることで前記NOx還元型触媒のNOx浄化能力を回復させる触媒再生処理を実行する触媒再生手段と、
前記NOx還元型触媒よりも下流側の排気通路に設けられた排気温度センサと、
前記内燃機関の運転状態に基づいて、前記NOx還元型触媒の触媒温度を推定する触媒温度推定手段と、
前記触媒温度推定手段から入力される触媒温度に基づいて、前記排気温度センサのセンサ値を推定する温度センサ値推定手段と、
前記触媒再生処理の実行中に前記排気温度センサの実センサ値と前記温度センサ値推定手段から入力される推定センサ値との温度差に基づいて、前記触媒再生処理の異常を判定する異常判定手段と、を備える
排気浄化システム。 - 前記触媒再生手段は、前記触媒再生処理の実行中に前記異常判定手段が異常と判定すると、当該触媒再生処理を中止する
請求項1に記載の排気浄化システム。 - 前記異常判定手段は、前記触媒再生処理の実行中に前記実センサ値と前記推定センサ値との温度差が所定の上限閾値よりも高い状態で所定時間以上継続した場合に、当該触媒再生処理を異常と判定する
請求項1又は2に記載の排気浄化システム。 - 前記実センサ値と前記推定センサ値との温度差がゼロよりも大きく、且つ、前記上限閾値以下の場合に、当該温度差に基づいて前記NOx還元型触媒の劣化度合を推定する触媒劣化推定手段と、
請求項3に記載の排気浄化システム。 - 前記触媒再生処理の実行中に前記内燃機関の運転状態に基づいて、前記内燃機関から排出される炭化水素量及び一酸化炭素量を推定する排出量推定手段と、
前記触媒劣化推定手段から入力される劣化度合と、前記排出量推定手段によって推定される炭化水素量及び一酸化炭素量とに基づいて、前記NOx還元型触媒における炭化水素及び一酸化炭素の発熱量を推定する発熱量推定手段と、
少なくとも前記発熱量推定手段で推定される炭化水素及び一酸化炭素の発熱量に基づいて、前記NOx還元型触媒の触媒温度を推定する触媒温度推定手段と、をさらに備える
請求項4に記載の排気浄化システム。
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