JP2016074563A - 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 - Google Patents
高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016074563A JP2016074563A JP2014206453A JP2014206453A JP2016074563A JP 2016074563 A JP2016074563 A JP 2016074563A JP 2014206453 A JP2014206453 A JP 2014206453A JP 2014206453 A JP2014206453 A JP 2014206453A JP 2016074563 A JP2016074563 A JP 2016074563A
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- high zirconia
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- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 116
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 116
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 68
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 63
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 108
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 66
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 36
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 21
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910001422 barium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001483 high-temperature X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 silicate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910001427 strontium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005382 thermal cycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidyneiron Chemical class [Fe]#P DPTATFGPDCLUTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cs2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Cs+].[Cs+] KOPBYBDAPCDYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Inorganic materials [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005388 borosilicate glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dicesium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+].[Cs+] AKUNKIJLSDQFLS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007496 glass forming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005355 lead glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/49—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates containing also titanium oxides or titanates
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/43—Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
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- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/484—Refractories by fusion casting
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- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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- C04B2235/3231—Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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Abstract
Description
さらに、上記の耐火物単体に対する加熱や熱サイクルでは、ジルコン結晶を生成しにくい高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物であっても、溶融ガラスと接触すると、ジルコン結晶が生成しやすくなる場合がある。
又、高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物は、溶融した際に、酸素が理論値よりも少ない不飽和酸化物になりやすく、強い還元性を持つ組成となる。従って、原料中に不純物として含有しているFe、Cu、Crなどの金属酸化物が還元されて金属として存在しやすい。この為、高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物は、酸化度が低く暗灰色を呈する。そして、溶融ガラスと接触する条件では、還元された金属に起因した泡が発生しやすい(以下、泡が発生しやすい場合は、発泡性が不十分と記述する)。
ジルコン結晶を生成しにくく低発泡性の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物については、従来から検討されている。
しかし、B2O3含有量が多く、発泡性が不十分であった。さらに、溶融ガラスと接触する条件では、Na2Oが溶融ガラスに移動しやすく、ジルコン結晶生成の抑制は不十分であった。
0.2≦0.638xC(K2O)+0.213xC(Cs2O)+0.580xC(SrO)/C(SiO2)≦0.40・・・式(1)
0.10≦0.580xC(SrO)/C(SiO2)・・・式(2)
ここで、C(X)は、X成分の含有量(質量%)を示す。
又、Cs2Oは、非常に高価であり工業的な生産性に問題がある。
そして、ジルコン結晶が生成し耐火物のガラス相が減少すると、MgOは、ZrO2結晶に固溶しやすくなる。さらに、MgOが、ZrO2結晶に固溶すると、ZrO2結晶の中で固溶している部分と固溶していない部分の熱膨張率が異なってくる。その為、固溶した状態で熱サイクルを受けると、耐火物の熱サイクル後の残存体積膨張率が極端に増加し粉化する場合がある。
さらに、SnO2とともにBaOやSrOの1種以上が共存すると、これらの酸化物との相乗効果で、ジルコン結晶の生成、成長を著しく抑制する事が出来る。
熱サイクルテスト3は、耐火物と溶融ガラスの接触条件での反応性を評価する新テスト法である。
熱サイクルテスト3後の残存体積膨張率は、5%以下が好ましい。より好ましくは、3%以下である。さらに、1%以下であれば、特に好ましい。
又、片面加熱テストで、亀裂が発生した。
熱サイクルテスト1では、亀裂が発生し、熱サイクルテスト2、3では、耐火物が粉化した。又、発泡テストでは、発泡数が多い。
Claims (9)
- 化学成分として、ZrO2が85〜95重量%であり、 Al2O3が0.4〜2.5重量%、SiO2が3.5〜10.0重量%、Na2Oが0.05重量%以上でNa2OとK2Oの合計が0.05〜0.7重量%、B2O3が0.01〜0.04重量%、BaOとSrOに関しては、単独で含有する場合は、SrO或いはBaOの含有量が、0.1〜3.0重量%、双方含有する場合は、SrOが0.1重量%以上でSrOとBaOの合計量が、0.1〜3.0重量%、CaOが0.01〜0.2重量%、MgOが0.1重量%以下、SnO2が0.01〜0.7重量%、Fe2O3とTiO2の合計が0.3重量%以下、P2O5が0.01重量%未満、CuOが0.01重量%未満である高ジルコニア電気鋳造耐火物。
- 化学成分として、ZrO2が89〜95重量%であり、Al2O3が0.4〜2.0重量%、SiO2が3.5〜6.0重量%、Na2Oが0.05重量%以上でNa2OとK2Oの合計が0.1〜0.6重量%、B2O3が0.01〜0.04重量%、BaOとSrOに関しては、単独で含有する場合は、SrOが0.1〜2.5重量%、或いはBaOが0.5重量%を越え2.5重量%以下、双方含有する場合はSrOが0.1重量%以上でSrOとBaOの合計が0.1〜2.5重量%、CaOが0.01〜0.15重量%、MgOが0.1重量%以下、SnO2が0.04〜0.5重量%、Fe2O3とTiO2の合計が0.3重量%以下、P2O5が0.01重量%未満、CuOが0.01重量%未満である高ジルコニア電気鋳造耐火物。
- 1600℃4時間加熱後の液晶ガラスの発泡数が70個/cm2以下である請求項1又は2に記載の高ジルコニア電気鋳造耐火物。
- 1350℃4時間加熱後の液晶ガラスの発泡数が150個/cm2以下である請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気鋳造耐火物。
- 600℃1時間保持後1450℃まで昇温し1450℃1時間保持を1サイクルとして、20回繰り返し加熱後の残存体積膨張率が、3%以下である事を特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物。
- 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物製の坩堝に液晶ガラスを充填し、800℃3時間保持後1450℃まで昇温し、1450℃3時間保持を1サイクルとして、10回繰り返し加熱した後の残存体積膨張率が5%以下である事を特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物。
- 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物製の坩堝に液晶ガラスを充填し、800℃3時間保持後1450℃まで昇温し、1450℃3時間保持を1サイクルとして、10回繰り返し加熱した後の耐火物製坩堝底部のジルコン生成厚さが、3mm以下である事を特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物。
- 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物を昇温速度100℃/時で1000℃まで加熱する片面加熱テストで亀裂が発生しない事を特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物。
- ガラス溶融窯用である請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物。
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CN201480079556.2A CN106458770B (zh) | 2014-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | 高氧化锆电熔铸耐火材料 |
PCT/JP2014/081918 WO2016056146A1 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | High zirconia electrically fused cast refractory |
US15/307,873 US9896383B2 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | High zirconia electrically fused cast refractory |
EP14889782.0A EP3027580B1 (en) | 2014-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | High zirconia electrically fused cast refractory |
KR1020167033216A KR101883089B1 (ko) | 2014-10-07 | 2014-11-26 | 고지르코니아 전기 용융 주조 내화물 |
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WO2022114022A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-06-02 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 |
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FR3072092B1 (fr) | 2017-10-11 | 2021-11-12 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede de fabrication d'un bloc fondu a haute teneur en zircone |
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CN114249607A (zh) * | 2021-09-26 | 2022-03-29 | 河南省瑞泰科实业集团有限公司 | 一种熔铸氧化锆耐火制品及制备方法和应用 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2022520068A (ja) * | 2019-02-11 | 2022-03-28 | サン-ゴバン サントル ド レシェルシュ エ デテュド ユーロペアン | 高含量のジルコニアを有する耐火性製品 |
JP7274590B2 (ja) | 2019-02-11 | 2023-05-16 | サン-ゴバン サントル ド レシェルシュ エ デテュド ユーロペアン | 高含量のジルコニアを有する耐火性製品 |
WO2022114022A1 (ja) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-06-02 | サンゴバン・ティーエム株式会社 | 高ジルコニア電気溶融鋳造耐火物 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI583653B (zh) | 2017-05-21 |
TW201613839A (en) | 2016-04-16 |
WO2016056146A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
CN106458770B (zh) | 2019-03-29 |
US20170088470A1 (en) | 2017-03-30 |
EP3027580A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
KR20160149261A (ko) | 2016-12-27 |
KR101883089B1 (ko) | 2018-07-27 |
JP5763823B1 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
US9896383B2 (en) | 2018-02-20 |
EP3027580A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 |
CN106458770A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
EP3027580B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 |
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