JP2015120944A - Electrolysis cell and electrolysis tank - Google Patents

Electrolysis cell and electrolysis tank Download PDF

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JP2015120944A
JP2015120944A JP2013264063A JP2013264063A JP2015120944A JP 2015120944 A JP2015120944 A JP 2015120944A JP 2013264063 A JP2013264063 A JP 2013264063A JP 2013264063 A JP2013264063 A JP 2013264063A JP 2015120944 A JP2015120944 A JP 2015120944A
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channel
flow path
cathode
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JP6242676B2 (en
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陽介 内野
Yosuke Uchino
陽介 内野
伸司 長谷川
Shinji Hasegawa
伸司 長谷川
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Asahi Kasei Corp
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolysis cell capable of inhibiting occurrence of an inverse current, and an electrolysis tank.SOLUTION: An electrolysis cell 1 as an electrolysis cell for electrolyzing an electrolytic solution, includes: an anode chamber 10 provided with an anode 11; a cathode chamber 20 provided with a cathode 21; a partition wall 30 for partitioning the anode chamber 10 and the cathode chamber 20; a first supply passage 41 for supplying an electrolytic solution to the anode chamber 10; a second supply passage 42 for supplying an electrolytic solution to the cathode chamber 20; a first recovery passage 51 for recovering an electrolytic solution from the anode chamber 10; a second recovery passage 52 for recovering an electrolytic solution from the cathode chamber 20; a first passage constriction part 61 provided on at least one of the passages of the first supply passage 41 and the first recovery passage 51, and constricting the passage when electrolysis is stopped; and a second passage constriction part 62 provided on at least one of the passages of the second supply passage 42 and the second recovery passage 52, and constricting the passage when electrolysis is stopped.

Description

本発明は、電解セル及び電解槽に関する。   The present invention relates to an electrolytic cell and an electrolytic cell.

陽極が設けられた陽極室と、陰極が設けられた陰極室と、陽極室と陰極室とを隔てる隔壁と、陽極室に電解液を供給する第一供給流路と、陰極室に電解液を供給する第二供給流路と、陽極室から電解液を回収する第一回収流路と、陰極室から電解液を回収する第二回収流路と、を備えた電解セルが知られている。また、当該電解セルを備えた電解槽が知られている。   An anode chamber provided with an anode, a cathode chamber provided with a cathode, a partition separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, a first supply channel for supplying an electrolyte to the anode chamber, and an electrolyte in the cathode chamber There is known an electrolysis cell including a second supply channel for supplying, a first recovery channel for recovering an electrolytic solution from the anode chamber, and a second recovery channel for recovering the electrolytic solution from the cathode chamber. Moreover, an electrolytic cell provided with the electrolytic cell is known.

特開平１０―９９８６１号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-99861

電気分解（以下、電解という）は、電解槽を構成する複数の電解セルに電解液を通過させ、陽極と陰極とに電位差を与えることにより行われる。電解が停止され、陽極と陰極とに電位差が与えられないとき、地絡した電解槽と電解液との電位差により、電解時に流れる電流の向きとは逆向きに電流が生じる場合がある。この電流は逆電流と呼ばれている。逆電流が発生すると、電解時とは異なる化学反応が陽極及び陰極それぞれにて起こるため、例えば陰極が酸化し失活するおそれがある。   Electrolysis (hereinafter referred to as electrolysis) is performed by passing an electrolytic solution through a plurality of electrolytic cells constituting an electrolytic cell and applying a potential difference between the anode and the cathode. When the electrolysis is stopped and no potential difference is given between the anode and the cathode, a current may be generated in a direction opposite to the direction of the current flowing during electrolysis due to the potential difference between the grounded electrolytic cell and the electrolytic solution. This current is called reverse current. When a reverse current is generated, a chemical reaction different from that at the time of electrolysis occurs at each of the anode and the cathode, so that, for example, the cathode may be oxidized and deactivated.

そこで、本発明は、逆電流の発生を抑制できる電解セル及び電解槽を提供することを目的とする。   Then, an object of this invention is to provide the electrolysis cell and electrolysis tank which can suppress generation | occurrence | production of a reverse current.

本発明に係る電解セルは、電解液を電解する電解セルであって、陽極が設けられた陽極室と、陰極が設けられた陰極室と、陽極室と陰極室とを隔てる隔壁と、陽極室に電解液を供給する第一供給流路と、陰極室に電解液を供給する第二供給流路と、陽極室から電解液を回収する第一回収流路と、陰極室から電解液を回収する第二回収流路と、第一供給流路及び第一回収流路の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられ、電解が止められているときに、当該流路を狭窄する第一流路狭窄部と、第二供給流路及び第二回収流路の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられ、電解が止められているときに、当該流路を狭窄する第二流路狭窄部と、を備える。   An electrolysis cell according to the present invention is an electrolysis cell that electrolyzes an electrolytic solution, and includes an anode chamber provided with an anode, a cathode chamber provided with a cathode, a partition separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and an anode chamber A first supply channel for supplying an electrolyte to the cathode, a second supply channel for supplying an electrolyte to the cathode chamber, a first recovery channel for collecting the electrolyte from the anode chamber, and an electrolyte from the cathode chamber And a first flow path constriction portion that is provided in at least one of the first supply flow path and the first recovery flow path and narrows the flow path when electrolysis is stopped. And a second flow path constriction portion that is provided in at least one of the second supply flow path and the second recovery flow path and narrows the flow path when electrolysis is stopped.

本発明に係る電解セルによれば、第一流路狭窄部により第一流路狭窄部が設けられている流路が狭窄される。第二流路狭窄部により第二流路狭窄部が設けられている流路が狭窄される。流路が狭窄されると電解液が流れる流路の流路面積が小さくなる。流路面積が狭くなると流路の電気抵抗値が高くなるため、電解セルにおける逆電流の発生を抑制することができる。   According to the electrolytic cell of the present invention, the flow path in which the first flow path narrowing portion is provided is narrowed by the first flow path narrowing portion. The channel in which the second channel constriction is provided is narrowed by the second channel constriction. When the channel is narrowed, the channel area of the channel through which the electrolyte flows is reduced. When the flow path area is reduced, the electrical resistance value of the flow path is increased, so that the generation of reverse current in the electrolytic cell can be suppressed.

第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ自重で垂下する垂下部材を有してもよい。この場合、電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ垂下部材は自重で垂下するため、簡易な構成により電解液の流路面積を小さくすることができる。   The first and second flow path narrowing portions may have a hanging member that hangs under its own weight as the flow of the electrolyte decreases. In this case, as the flow of the electrolytic solution decreases, the hanging member hangs down by its own weight, so that the flow path area of the electrolytic solution can be reduced with a simple configuration.

垂下部材は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されてもよい。この場合、垂下部材が電気絶縁性を有する部材で構成されるため、第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、簡易な構成により電気絶縁性を高めることができる。   The hanging member may be made of a material having electrical insulation. In this case, since the drooping member is composed of a member having electrical insulation, the first and second flow path narrowing portions can enhance electrical insulation with a simple configuration.

第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、垂下した状態の垂下部材と当接し、垂下部材と協働して流路を狭窄する当接部材を更に有してもよい。この場合、垂下部材及び当接部材により第一及び第二流路狭窄部の流路がより狭窄される。よって、簡易な構成により電解液の流路面積をより一層小さくすることができる。   The first and second channel narrowing portions may further include a contact member that contacts the hanging member in a suspended state and narrows the channel in cooperation with the hanging member. In this case, the flow path of the first and second flow path narrowing portions is further narrowed by the hanging member and the contact member. Therefore, the flow path area of the electrolytic solution can be further reduced with a simple configuration.

第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されてもよい。この場合、第一及び第二流路狭窄部は耐蝕性を有する部材であるため、第一及び第二流路狭窄部の長寿命化を図ることができる。   The first and second channel narrowing portions may be made of a material having corrosion resistance. In this case, since the first and second flow path narrowing portions are members having corrosion resistance, the life of the first and second flow path narrowing portions can be extended.

第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されてもよい。この場合、第一及び第二流路狭窄部が電気絶縁性の部材で構成されるため、第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、簡易な構成により電気絶縁性を高めることができる。   The first and second flow path narrowing portions may be made of a material having electrical insulation. In this case, since the first and second channel constrictions are made of an electrically insulating member, the first and second channel constrictions can be improved in electrical insulation with a simple configuration.

本発明に係る電解槽は、上述した電解セルを備える。   The electrolytic cell according to the present invention includes the above-described electrolytic cell.

本発明によれば、逆電流の発生を抑制できる電解セル及び電解槽を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the electrolysis cell and electrolysis tank which can suppress generation | occurrence | production of a reverse current can be provided.

本発明の一実施形態に係る電解槽の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the electrolytic cell which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿った断面構成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the cross-sectional structure along the II-II line | wire of FIG. 図１のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線に沿った断面構成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the cross-sectional structure along the III-III line of FIG.

以下、本発明の実施形態について、必要に応じて図面を参照しつつ詳細に説明する。以下の実施形態は、本発明を説明するための例示であり、本発明は以下の内容に限定されない。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary. The following embodiments are examples for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following contents.

図１から図３を参照して、本実施形態に係る電解セル及び電解槽について説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施形態に係る電解槽の模式図である。図２は、図１のＩＩ−ＩＩ線に沿った断面構成を説明する図である。図３は、図１のＩＩＩ−ＩＩＩ線に沿った断面構成を説明する図である。   With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, an electrolysis cell and an electrolyzer according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration along the line II-II in FIG. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a cross-sectional configuration along the line III-III in FIG.

図１に示されているように、本実施形態に係る電解槽４は、複数の電解セル１とイオン透過性の膜２とを備えている。電解槽４は、プレス器３により連結された電解セル１及びイオン透過性の膜２を備えている。電解槽４は、複極式構造の電解槽である。電解槽４は、隣接する電解セル１の間にイオン透過性の膜２を備えている。電解槽４は、電解セル１に電解液を供給するための電解液供給管８ａ，８ｂを備えている。電解槽４は、電解セル１から電解液を回収するための電解液回収管９ａ，９ｂを備えている。電解液供給管８ａ，８ｂ及び電解液回収管９ａ，９ｂは循環ポンプ（不図示）に接続されている。循環ポンプは、例えば、複数のポンプから構成されていてもよい。この場合、電解液供給管８ａ，８ｂと電解液回収管９ａ，９ｂとが、それぞれ異なる循環ポンプに接続されていてもよい。電解槽４内の電解液は、循環ポンプにより循環させられる。   As shown in FIG. 1, the electrolytic cell 4 according to the present embodiment includes a plurality of electrolytic cells 1 and an ion permeable membrane 2. The electrolytic cell 4 includes an electrolytic cell 1 and an ion permeable membrane 2 connected by a press 3. The electrolytic cell 4 is an electrolytic cell having a bipolar structure. The electrolytic cell 4 includes an ion permeable membrane 2 between adjacent electrolytic cells 1. The electrolytic cell 4 includes electrolytic solution supply pipes 8 a and 8 b for supplying an electrolytic solution to the electrolytic cell 1. The electrolytic cell 4 includes electrolytic solution recovery tubes 9 a and 9 b for recovering the electrolytic solution from the electrolytic cell 1. The electrolyte solution supply pipes 8a and 8b and the electrolyte solution recovery pipes 9a and 9b are connected to a circulation pump (not shown). The circulation pump may be composed of a plurality of pumps, for example. In this case, the electrolyte solution supply pipes 8a and 8b and the electrolyte solution recovery pipes 9a and 9b may be connected to different circulation pumps. The electrolytic solution in the electrolytic cell 4 is circulated by a circulation pump.

電解セル１は、電解液を電解する。図２及び図３に示されているように、電解セル１は、陽極室１０と、陰極室２０と、隔壁３０と、第一供給流路４１と、第二供給流路４２と、第一回収流路５１と、第二回収流路５２と、第一流路狭窄部６１と、第二流路狭窄部６２と、を備えている。   The electrolytic cell 1 electrolyzes an electrolytic solution. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the electrolysis cell 1 includes an anode chamber 10, a cathode chamber 20, a partition wall 30, a first supply channel 41, a second supply channel 42, A recovery channel 51, a second recovery channel 52, a first channel constriction 61, and a second channel constriction 62 are provided.

電解槽４は、陽極１１と陰極２１とが所定の方向に沿って交互に並ぶように電解セル１とイオン透過性の膜２とを備えている。すなわち、イオン透過性の膜２は、隣接する２つの電解セル１のうち一方の電解セル１の陽極室１０と他方の電解セル１の陰極室２０との間に備えられている。電解セル１の陽極室１０と、この電解セル１に隣接する電解セル１の陰極室２０とは、イオン透過性の膜２で隔てられている。   The electrolytic cell 4 includes the electrolytic cell 1 and the ion-permeable membrane 2 so that the anodes 11 and the cathodes 21 are alternately arranged along a predetermined direction. That is, the ion permeable membrane 2 is provided between the anode chamber 10 of one of the two electrolysis cells 1 and the cathode chamber 20 of the other electrolysis cell 1. The anode chamber 10 of the electrolysis cell 1 and the cathode chamber 20 of the electrolysis cell 1 adjacent to the electrolysis cell 1 are separated by an ion-permeable membrane 2.

イオン透過性の膜２は、特に限定されず、公知のものを用いることができる。例えば、塩化アルカリ等の電解により塩素とアルカリを製造する場合、耐熱性及び耐薬品性等に優れるという観点から、含フッ素系イオン交換膜が好ましい。イオン透過性の膜２としては、例えば、旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社製のイオン交換膜Ａｃｉｐｌｅｘ（登録商標）のＦ６８０１を好適に用いることができる。   The ion permeable membrane 2 is not particularly limited, and a known one can be used. For example, when producing chlorine and alkali by electrolysis of alkali chloride or the like, a fluorine-containing ion exchange membrane is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent heat resistance and chemical resistance. As the ion permeable membrane 2, for example, F6801 of an ion exchange membrane Aciplex (registered trademark) manufactured by Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation can be suitably used.

陽極１１は陽極室１０に設けられている。陽極１１は、電解液に電荷が移動する電極である。クロロアルカリ電解の場合、陽極１１は、例えば塩素発生用の電極である。陽極１１は、電解セル１の一方の面に設けられている。陽極１１は、例えば、エクスパンデッドメッシュ加工されたチタン板の表面に、ルテニウム、イリジウム、及びチタンの少なくとも１つの元素を成分とする酸化物を被覆することにより製造されてもよい。アルカリ水電解の場合、陽極１１は、酸素発生用の電極である。陽極１１は、例えば、エクスパンドメッシュ加工されたニッケル板の表面に、ニッケル、コバルト、白金、イリジウム、パラジウム、及びルテニウムの少なくとも１つの元素を成分とする酸化物を被覆することにより製造されてもよい。   The anode 11 is provided in the anode chamber 10. The anode 11 is an electrode whose charge moves to the electrolytic solution. In the case of chloroalkali electrolysis, the anode 11 is, for example, an electrode for generating chlorine. The anode 11 is provided on one surface of the electrolytic cell 1. The anode 11 may be manufactured, for example, by coating the surface of an expanded mesh processed titanium plate with an oxide containing at least one element of ruthenium, iridium, and titanium. In the case of alkaline water electrolysis, the anode 11 is an electrode for oxygen generation. The anode 11 may be manufactured, for example, by coating the surface of an expanded mesh processed nickel plate with an oxide containing at least one element of nickel, cobalt, platinum, iridium, palladium, and ruthenium. .

電解槽４は、陽極１１と陰極２１との対向方向に、複数の電解セル１を備えている。電解槽４は、電源に接続される陽極端子を備えている。電解槽４に備えられた複数の電解セル１において、陽極１１と陰極２１との対向方向の一方の端に位置している電解セル１の陽極１１は、陽極端子と電気的に接続されている。電解槽４に備えられた複数の電解セル１において一方の端に、陽極室のみを有する電解セル（陽極ターミナルセル）５が備えられていてもよい。陽極ターミナルセル５と陽極端子とは電気的に接続されている。   The electrolytic cell 4 includes a plurality of electrolytic cells 1 in the opposing direction of the anode 11 and the cathode 21. The electrolytic cell 4 includes an anode terminal connected to a power source. In the plurality of electrolytic cells 1 provided in the electrolytic cell 4, the anode 11 of the electrolytic cell 1 located at one end in the facing direction of the anode 11 and the cathode 21 is electrically connected to the anode terminal. . An electrolytic cell (anode terminal cell) 5 having only an anode chamber may be provided at one end of the plurality of electrolytic cells 1 provided in the electrolytic cell 4. The anode terminal cell 5 and the anode terminal are electrically connected.

陰極２１は陰極室２０に設けられている。陰極２１は、電解液から電荷が移動する電極である。陰極２１は、例えば、水素発生用の電極である。陰極２１は、陽極１１と対向する電解セル１の面に設けられている。陰極２１の表面全体は還元反応のための触媒層で被覆されていることが好ましい。陰極２１は、例えば、ニッケル製ファインメッシュ基材にルテニウムを含有する酸化物が被覆されている。   The cathode 21 is provided in the cathode chamber 20. The cathode 21 is an electrode from which charges move from the electrolytic solution. The cathode 21 is, for example, an electrode for generating hydrogen. The cathode 21 is provided on the surface of the electrolytic cell 1 facing the anode 11. The entire surface of the cathode 21 is preferably covered with a catalyst layer for the reduction reaction. In the cathode 21, for example, a nickel fine mesh base material is coated with an oxide containing ruthenium.

電解槽４は、電源に接続される陰極端子を備えている。電解槽４に備えられた複数の電解セル１において、陽極１１と陰極２１との対向方向の他方の端に備えられている電解セル１の陰極２１は、陰極端子と電気的に接続されている。電解槽４に備えられた複数の電解セル１において他方の端に、陰極室のみを有する電解セル（陰極ターミナルセル）６が備えられていてもよい。この場合、陰極ターミナルセル６と陰極端子とは電気的に接続されている。   The electrolytic cell 4 includes a cathode terminal connected to a power source. In the plurality of electrolytic cells 1 provided in the electrolytic cell 4, the cathode 21 of the electrolytic cell 1 provided at the other end in the facing direction of the anode 11 and the cathode 21 is electrically connected to the cathode terminal. . An electrolytic cell (cathode terminal cell) 6 having only a cathode chamber may be provided at the other end of the plurality of electrolytic cells 1 provided in the electrolytic cell 4. In this case, the cathode terminal cell 6 and the cathode terminal are electrically connected.

電解セル１は、陰極２１側に集電体２２と、金属弾性体２３と、を備えている。集電体２２は、陰極２１の集電効果を高める。集電体２２は、陰極２１沿って備えられている。集電体２２は、金属弾性体２３を介して、陰極２１と電気的に接続されている。金属弾性体２３は、陰極２１と集電体２２との間に備えられている。集電体２２と陰極２１との間に金属弾性体２３が備えられることにより、電解槽４が組み立てられた際に、複数の電解セル１の陰極２１がイオン透過性の膜２に押し付けられ、陽極１１と陰極２１との間の距離が短くなる。   The electrolytic cell 1 includes a current collector 22 and a metal elastic body 23 on the cathode 21 side. The current collector 22 enhances the current collecting effect of the cathode 21. The current collector 22 is provided along the cathode 21. The current collector 22 is electrically connected to the cathode 21 via the metal elastic body 23. The metal elastic body 23 is provided between the cathode 21 and the current collector 22. By providing the metal elastic body 23 between the current collector 22 and the cathode 21, when the electrolytic cell 4 is assembled, the cathodes 21 of the plurality of electrolytic cells 1 are pressed against the ion-permeable membrane 2, The distance between the anode 11 and the cathode 21 is shortened.

陽極室１０と陰極室２０との間には、隔壁３０が備えられている。隔壁３０は、陽極室１０と陰極室２０とを隔てている。隔壁３０は、導電性の金属板から構成されている。隔壁３０は、例えば鋼及びニッケルを含む材料から構成されていてもよい。隔壁３０は、陽極リブ１５と陰極リブ２５とが取り付けられている。陽極リブ１５及び陰極リブ２５が隔壁３０に取り付けられる方法は、例えば、レーザ溶接又はＴｉｇ溶接である。陽極リブ１５は陽極１１を支えている。陰極リブ２５は陰極２１を支えている。   A partition wall 30 is provided between the anode chamber 10 and the cathode chamber 20. The partition wall 30 separates the anode chamber 10 and the cathode chamber 20. The partition wall 30 is made of a conductive metal plate. The partition 30 may be comprised from the material containing steel and nickel, for example. The partition wall 30 has an anode rib 15 and a cathode rib 25 attached thereto. A method of attaching the anode rib 15 and the cathode rib 25 to the partition wall 30 is, for example, laser welding or Tig welding. The anode rib 15 supports the anode 11. The cathode rib 25 supports the cathode 21.

第一供給流路４１は、陽極室１０に電解液を供給するための流路である。電解液は、第一供給流路４１を通り陽極室１０に供給される。第一供給流路４１は、陽極室１０において、陽極１１と陰極２１とが対向する方向と交差する方向における一方の側面に設けられている。第一供給流路４１は電解液供給管８ａに接続している。   The first supply channel 41 is a channel for supplying the electrolytic solution to the anode chamber 10. The electrolytic solution is supplied to the anode chamber 10 through the first supply channel 41. The first supply channel 41 is provided on one side surface in the direction intersecting the direction in which the anode 11 and the cathode 21 face each other in the anode chamber 10. The first supply channel 41 is connected to the electrolyte solution supply pipe 8a.

第一回収流路５１は、陰極室２０から電解液を回収するための流路である。電解液は、第一回収流路５１を通り陽極室１０から回収される。第一回収流路５１は、陽極室１０において、陽極１１と陰極２１とが対向する方向と交差する方向における他方の側面に設けられている。第一回収流路５１は電解液回収管９ａに接続している。   The first recovery channel 51 is a channel for recovering the electrolytic solution from the cathode chamber 20. The electrolytic solution is recovered from the anode chamber 10 through the first recovery channel 51. The first recovery channel 51 is provided in the anode chamber 10 on the other side surface in the direction intersecting the direction in which the anode 11 and the cathode 21 face each other. The first recovery channel 51 is connected to the electrolyte solution recovery pipe 9a.

第一流路狭窄部６１は、電解が止められているときに、第一流路狭窄部６１が設けられている流路を狭窄する。本実施形態では、第一流路狭窄部６１は、第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１に設けられている。第一流路狭窄部６１は、第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられていればよい。   The first flow path narrowing portion 61 narrows the flow path in which the first flow path narrowing portion 61 is provided when electrolysis is stopped. In the present embodiment, the first flow path narrowing portion 61 is provided in the first supply flow path 41 and the first recovery flow path 51. The first flow path constriction 61 may be provided in at least one of the first supply flow path 41 and the first recovery flow path 51.

第一流路狭窄部６１は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されている。第一流路狭窄部６１は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されている。本実施形態において、耐蝕性とは、例えば、アルカリに対する耐腐食性又は酸素に対する耐腐食性である。   The first flow path narrowing portion 61 is made of a material having electrical insulation. The first flow path narrowing portion 61 is made of a material having corrosion resistance. In the present embodiment, the corrosion resistance is, for example, corrosion resistance against alkali or corrosion resistance against oxygen.

第一流路狭窄部６１は、垂下部材７０と当接部材７１とを有している。本実施形態では、第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１に設けられた第一流路狭窄部６１が垂下部材７０と当接部材７１とを有している。   The first flow path narrowing portion 61 has a drooping member 70 and a contact member 71. In the present embodiment, the first flow channel narrowing portion 61 provided in the first supply flow channel 41 and the first recovery flow channel 51 includes a hanging member 70 and a contact member 71.

垂下部材７０は、第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１に設けられている。垂下部材７０は、電解液が流れる方向に対して回動する。第一流路狭窄部６１において電解液が流れる速さは、１５０Ｌ／ｈ程度を例示することができる。垂下部材７０は、例えば、垂下部材７０が設けられる電解液の流路に収容可能な大きさを有する板状の部材であってもよい。垂下部材７０は、例えば、ヒンジなどを介して第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１に設けられている。   The drooping member 70 is provided in the first supply channel 41 and the first recovery channel 51. The drooping member 70 rotates with respect to the direction in which the electrolyte flows. The speed at which the electrolyte flows in the first flow path narrowing portion 61 can be exemplified by about 150 L / h. The drooping member 70 may be, for example, a plate-like member having a size that can be accommodated in the electrolyte solution flow path in which the drooping member 70 is provided. The hanging member 70 is provided in the first supply channel 41 and the first recovery channel 51 via, for example, a hinge.

垂下部材７０は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されている。垂下部材７０は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されている。垂下部材７０の材質としては、耐腐食性の観点からフッ素樹脂を採用してもよい。フッ素樹脂としては、例えば、四フッ化エチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）、四フッ化エチレン・パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共重合体（ＰＦＡ）、四フッ化エチレン・六フッ化プロピレン共重合体（ＦＥＰ）、フッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）が挙げられる。垂下部材７０は、電解液よりも比重が重い部材又は電解液と略同等の比重を有する部材で構成されていてもよい。   The drooping member 70 is made of a material having electrical insulation. The drooping member 70 is made of a material having corrosion resistance. As a material of the hanging member 70, a fluororesin may be adopted from the viewpoint of corrosion resistance. Examples of the fluororesin include, for example, tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), and vinylidene fluoride. (PVDF). The drooping member 70 may be composed of a member having a specific gravity greater than that of the electrolytic solution or a member having a specific gravity substantially equal to that of the electrolytic solution.

このように構成した場合、垂下部材７０は、第一流路狭窄部６１における電解液の流れが電解時の流れに比べて少なくないときに垂下する。垂下部材７０は、電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ自重で垂下する。   When configured in this manner, the drooping member 70 hangs down when the flow of the electrolytic solution in the first flow path constriction 61 is not less than the flow during electrolysis. The drooping member 70 hangs down by its own weight as the flow of the electrolyte decreases.

当接部材７１は、垂下した状態の垂下部材７０と当接する。当接部材７１は、垂下部材７０と協働して、垂下部材７０及び当接部材７１が設けられている電解液の流路を狭窄する。当接部材７１は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されることが好ましい。当接部材７１は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されることが好ましい。当接部材７１は、垂下部材７０と同様の材料から構成されてもよい。   The contact member 71 is in contact with the hanging member 70 in a suspended state. The abutting member 71 cooperates with the drooping member 70 to narrow the flow path of the electrolytic solution in which the drooping member 70 and the abutting member 71 are provided. The contact member 71 is preferably made of a material having electrical insulation. The contact member 71 is preferably made of a material having corrosion resistance. The contact member 71 may be made of the same material as that of the hanging member 70.

第二供給流路４２は、陰極室２０に電解液を供給するための流路である。電解液は、第二供給流路４２を通り陰極室２０に供給される。第二供給流路４２は、陰極室２０において、陽極１１と陰極２１とが対向する方向と交差する方向における一方の側面に設けられている。第二供給流路４２は電解液供給管８ｂに接続している。   The second supply channel 42 is a channel for supplying the electrolyte solution to the cathode chamber 20. The electrolytic solution is supplied to the cathode chamber 20 through the second supply channel 42. The second supply channel 42 is provided in one side surface in the direction intersecting the direction in which the anode 11 and the cathode 21 face each other in the cathode chamber 20. The second supply channel 42 is connected to the electrolyte solution supply pipe 8b.

第二回収流路５２は、陰極室２０から電解液を回収するための流路である。電解液は、第二回収流路５２を通り陰極室２０から回収される。第二回収流路５２は、陰極室２０において、陽極１１と陰極２１とが対向する方向と交差する方向における他方の側面に設けられている。第二回収流路５２は電解液回収管９ｂに接続している。   The second recovery channel 52 is a channel for recovering the electrolytic solution from the cathode chamber 20. The electrolytic solution is recovered from the cathode chamber 20 through the second recovery channel 52. The second recovery channel 52 is provided on the other side surface in the direction intersecting the direction in which the anode 11 and the cathode 21 face each other in the cathode chamber 20. The second recovery channel 52 is connected to the electrolyte recovery pipe 9b.

第二流路狭窄部６２は、電解が止められているときに、第二流路狭窄部６２が設けられている流路を狭窄する。本実施形態では、第二流路狭窄部６２は、第二供給流路４２及び第二回収流路５２に設けられている。第二流路狭窄部６２は、第二供給流路４２及び第二回収流路５２の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられていればよい。   The second flow path narrowing portion 62 narrows the flow path in which the second flow path narrowing portion 62 is provided when electrolysis is stopped. In the present embodiment, the second flow path narrowing portion 62 is provided in the second supply flow path 42 and the second recovery flow path 52. The second flow path narrowing portion 62 may be provided in at least one of the second supply flow path 42 and the second recovery flow path 52.

第二流路狭窄部６２は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されている。第二流路狭窄部６２は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されている。   The second flow path narrowing portion 62 is made of a material having electrical insulation. The second flow path narrowing portion 62 is made of a material having corrosion resistance.

第二流路狭窄部６２は、垂下部材７０と当接部材７１とを有している。本実施形態では、第二供給流路４２及び第二回収流路５２に設けられた第二流路狭窄部６２が垂下部材７０と当接部材７１とを有している。   The second flow path narrowing portion 62 includes a drooping member 70 and a contact member 71. In the present embodiment, the second flow channel narrowing portion 62 provided in the second supply flow channel 42 and the second recovery flow channel 52 has a hanging member 70 and a contact member 71.

垂下部材７０は、第二供給流路４２及び第二回収流路５２に設けられている。垂下部材７０は、電解液が流れる方向に対して回動する。第二流路狭窄部６２において電解液が流れる速さは、１５０Ｌ／ｈ程度を例示することができる。垂下部材７０は、例えば、ヒンジなどを介して第二供給流路４２及び第二回収流路５２に設けられている。垂下部材７０は、第二流路狭窄部６２における電解液の流れが電解時の流れに比べて少なくないときに垂下する。   The drooping member 70 is provided in the second supply channel 42 and the second recovery channel 52. The drooping member 70 rotates with respect to the direction in which the electrolyte flows. The speed at which the electrolyte flows in the second flow path narrowing portion 62 can be exemplified by about 150 L / h. The hanging member 70 is provided in the second supply flow path 42 and the second recovery flow path 52 via, for example, a hinge. The drooping member 70 droops when the flow of the electrolyte in the second flow path constriction 62 is not less than the flow during electrolysis.

電解槽４における電解について説明する。電解槽４は、例えばアルカリ水、及び塩水からなる電解液を電解して苛性ソーダ、塩素、及び水素を得るための装置である。例えば、塩水の電解を行なう場合、陽極室１０へ塩水が供給され、陰極室２０へ電解液として純水又は低濃度の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液が供給される。陽極室１０に供給される電解液は、電解液供給管８ａ及び第一供給流路４１を通り供給される。陰極室２０に供給される電解液は、電解液供給管８ｂ及び第二供給流路４２を通り供給される。   The electrolysis in the electrolytic cell 4 will be described. The electrolytic cell 4 is a device for obtaining caustic soda, chlorine, and hydrogen by electrolyzing an electrolytic solution made of, for example, alkaline water and salt water. For example, when performing electrolysis of salt water, salt water is supplied to the anode chamber 10 and pure water or a low-concentration sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is supplied to the cathode chamber 20 as an electrolyte. The electrolyte supplied to the anode chamber 10 is supplied through the electrolyte supply pipe 8a and the first supply channel 41. The electrolyte supplied to the cathode chamber 20 is supplied through the electrolyte supply pipe 8b and the second supply channel 42.

塩水の電解が行われている場合、塩水中のナトリウムイオンは、一方の電解セル１の陽極室１０から、イオン透過性の膜２を通過して、隣の電解セル１の陰極室２０へ移動する。よって、電解時の電流は、陽極端子から、イオン透過性の膜２を介して陽極１１及び陰極２１を経由し、陰極端子へ流れる。塩水の電解が行われている場合、陽極１１で塩素ガスが生成し、陰極２１で水酸化ナトリウムと水素ガスが生成する。   When salt water electrolysis is performed, sodium ions in the salt water move from the anode chamber 10 of one electrolytic cell 1 through the ion-permeable membrane 2 to the cathode chamber 20 of the adjacent electrolytic cell 1. To do. Therefore, current during electrolysis flows from the anode terminal to the cathode terminal via the ion permeable membrane 2, the anode 11 and the cathode 21. When salt water is electrolyzed, chlorine gas is generated at the anode 11, and sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are generated at the cathode 21.

電解により陽極室１０において生じる生成物の一部は、電解液とともに電解液回収管９ａ及び第一回収流路５１を通り回収される。電解により陰極室２０において生じる生成物の一部は、電解液とともに電解液回収管９ｂ及び第二回収流路５２を通り回収される。   A part of the product generated in the anode chamber 10 by electrolysis is recovered through the electrolyte recovery pipe 9a and the first recovery flow path 51 together with the electrolyte. A part of the product generated in the cathode chamber 20 by the electrolysis is recovered through the electrolyte recovery tube 9b and the second recovery channel 52 together with the electrolyte.

電解が止められると、第一流路狭窄部６１における電解液の電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ垂下部材７０が垂下する。垂下部材７０垂下することにより、第一流路狭窄部６１が設けられている電解液が流れる流路の流路面積が狭窄される。電気抵抗は電流が流れる面積に反比例するため、電気抵抗値が高くなる。このため、電解セル１にかかる電位差によって逆電流が発生しにくくなる。   When the electrolysis is stopped, the drooping member 70 hangs down as the flow of the electrolyte in the first flow path constriction 61 decreases. By hanging down the drooping member 70, the flow path area of the flow path through which the electrolytic solution in which the first flow path narrowing portion 61 is provided flows is narrowed. Since the electrical resistance is inversely proportional to the area through which the current flows, the electrical resistance value increases. For this reason, it becomes difficult to generate a reverse current due to a potential difference applied to the electrolytic cell 1.

電解が止められると、第二流路狭窄部６２における電解液の電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ垂下部材７０が垂下する。垂下部材７０垂下することにより、第二流路狭窄部６２が設けられている電解液が流れる流路の流路面積が狭窄される。このため、電解セル１にかかる電位差によって逆電流が発生しにくくなる。   When the electrolysis is stopped, the drooping member 70 hangs as the flow of the electrolyte in the second flow path constriction 62 decreases. By hanging the drooping member 70, the flow path area of the flow path through which the electrolytic solution in which the second flow path narrowing portion 62 is provided flows is narrowed. For this reason, it becomes difficult to generate a reverse current due to a potential difference applied to the electrolytic cell 1.

なお、本実施形態において、電解が止められているときとは、陽極端子と陰極端子とが接続する電源から電流が止められているとともに、循環ポンプによる電解液の循環が止められているときである。電解が止められているときとは、次の電解のために電圧を印加するまでの期間を含んでいる。   In the present embodiment, when the electrolysis is stopped, the current is stopped from the power source connected to the anode terminal and the cathode terminal, and the circulation of the electrolytic solution by the circulation pump is stopped. is there. The time when the electrolysis is stopped includes a period until the voltage is applied for the next electrolysis.

逆電流が発生しにくくなることにより、陰極２１の酸化、触媒層の溶解又は酸化等、陰極２１の劣化が起こりにくくなる。陰極２１の触媒層として、例えばルテニウム（Ｒｕ）又はスズ（Ｓｎ）など逆電流により溶解する触媒材料を使用した場合であっても、逆電流による陰極２１の触媒層の溶解が抑制されるため、陰極２１の触媒層の寿命が極端に短くなることを防ぐことができる。   Since the reverse current is less likely to occur, the cathode 21 is less likely to be deteriorated, such as oxidation of the cathode 21 and dissolution or oxidation of the catalyst layer. Even when a catalyst material that dissolves by a reverse current such as ruthenium (Ru) or tin (Sn) is used as the catalyst layer of the cathode 21, dissolution of the catalyst layer of the cathode 21 by the reverse current is suppressed. It is possible to prevent the life of the catalyst layer of the cathode 21 from becoming extremely short.

以上、本実施形態によれば、電解が止められているとき、垂下部材７０は、電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ垂下する。第一流路狭窄部６１及び第二流路狭窄部６２により電解液の流路が狭窄され流路面積が小さくなる。このため、第一流路狭窄部６１及び第二流路狭窄部６２における電気抵抗が高くなる。よって、第一供給流路４１又は第一回収流路５１、及び、第二供給流路４２又は第二回収流路５２において電解液と地絡した電解槽４と電位差が生じた場合であっても、逆電流の発生を抑制することができる。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the electrolysis is stopped, the drooping member 70 hangs down as the flow of the electrolytic solution decreases. The flow path of the electrolyte is narrowed by the first flow path narrowing portion 61 and the second flow path narrowing portion 62, and the flow path area is reduced. For this reason, the electrical resistance in the 1st flow path constriction part 61 and the 2nd flow path constriction part 62 becomes high. Therefore, in the first supply flow path 41 or the first recovery flow path 51 and the second supply flow path 42 or the second recovery flow path 52, there is a potential difference between the electrolytic tank 4 and the grounded electrolyte. Also, the occurrence of reverse current can be suppressed.

以上、本発明の好適な実施形態について説明してきたが、本発明は必ずしも上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、その要旨を逸脱しない範囲で様々な変更が可能である。   The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

本実施形態では、第一流路狭窄部６１は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されている場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第一流路狭窄部６１は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成されている場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第一流路狭窄部６１は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成されていることが好ましいが、耐蝕性を有していなくともよい。   In the present embodiment, the case where the first flow path narrowing portion 61 is made of an electrically insulating material has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Although the case where the first flow path narrowing portion 61 is made of a material having corrosion resistance has been described, it is not limited to this. The first flow path narrowing portion 61 is preferably made of a material having electrical insulation, but may not have corrosion resistance.

本実施形態では、第一流路狭窄部６１は垂下部材７０及び当接部材７１を有している場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第一流路狭窄部６１は、垂下部材７０を有し当接部材７１を有していなくてもよい。垂下部材７０の形状は、板状に限定されず、円形形状であってもよい。垂下部材７０は、揺動可能な部材であってもよい。この場合、垂下部材７０は、例えば、ゴムから構成される部材であってもよい。垂下部材７０は、例えば、ヒンジなどを介さずに第一供給流路４１及び第一回収流路５１に設けられてもよい。あるいは、第一流路狭窄部６１は電磁弁等により流路を狭窄してもよい。   In the present embodiment, the case where the first flow path narrowing portion 61 includes the drooping member 70 and the contact member 71 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The first flow path narrowing portion 61 includes the hanging member 70 and does not need to include the contact member 71. The shape of the hanging member 70 is not limited to a plate shape, and may be a circular shape. The hanging member 70 may be a swingable member. In this case, the hanging member 70 may be a member made of rubber, for example. The hanging member 70 may be provided in the first supply channel 41 and the first recovery channel 51 without using a hinge or the like, for example. Alternatively, the first flow path narrowing portion 61 may narrow the flow path with an electromagnetic valve or the like.

本実施形態では、第二流路狭窄部６２は垂下部材７０及び当接部材７１を有している場合を説明したが、これに限定されない。第二流路狭窄部６２は、垂下部材７０を有し当接部材７１を有していなくてもよい。あるいは、第二流路狭窄部６２は電磁弁等により流路を狭窄してもよい。   In the present embodiment, the case where the second flow path narrowing portion 62 includes the hanging member 70 and the contact member 71 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. The second flow path narrowing portion 62 includes the drooping member 70 and does not need to include the contact member 71. Alternatively, the second flow path narrowing portion 62 may narrow the flow path with an electromagnetic valve or the like.

本実施形態では、電解液は循環ポンプにより電解槽４内を循環していたが、これに限定されない。例えば、電解により生成した気体が上昇する浮力を利用することにより、電解液を循環させてもよい。   In the present embodiment, the electrolytic solution is circulated in the electrolytic cell 4 by the circulation pump, but is not limited thereto. For example, the electrolytic solution may be circulated by using buoyancy in which gas generated by electrolysis rises.

１…電解セル、４…電解槽、１０…陽極室、１１…陽極、２０…陰極室、２１…陰極、４１…第一供給流路、４２…第二供給流路、５１…第一回収流路、５２…第二回収流路、６１…第一流路狭窄部、６２…第二流路狭窄部、７０…垂下部材、７１…当接部材。
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electrolytic cell, 4 ... Electrolytic cell, 10 ... Anode chamber, 11 ... Anode, 20 ... Cathode chamber, 21 ... Cathode, 41 ... First supply channel, 42 ... Second supply channel, 51 ... First recovery flow Road, 52 ... second recovery channel, 61 ... first channel constriction, 62 ... second channel constriction, 70 ... hanging member, 71 ... contact member.

Claims (7)

電解液を電解する電解セルであって、
陽極が設けられた陽極室と、
陰極が設けられた陰極室と、
前記陽極室と前記陰極室とを隔てる隔壁と、
前記陽極室に電解液を供給する第一供給流路と、
前記陰極室に電解液を供給する第二供給流路と、
前記陽極室から電解液を回収する第一回収流路と、
前記陰極室から電解液を回収する第二回収流路と、
前記第一供給流路及び前記第一回収流路の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられ、電解が止められているときに、当該流路を狭窄する第一流路狭窄部と、
前記第二供給流路及び前記第二回収流路の少なくとも一方の流路に設けられ、電解が止められているときに、当該流路を狭窄する第二流路狭窄部と、を備える、電解セル。 An electrolytic cell for electrolyzing an electrolytic solution,
An anode chamber provided with an anode;
A cathode chamber provided with a cathode;
A partition wall separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber;
A first supply channel for supplying an electrolyte to the anode chamber;
A second supply channel for supplying an electrolytic solution to the cathode chamber;
A first recovery flow path for recovering an electrolytic solution from the anode chamber;
A second recovery flow path for recovering an electrolytic solution from the cathode chamber;
A first channel constriction part that is provided in at least one of the first supply channel and the first recovery channel, and narrows the channel when electrolysis is stopped;
A second channel narrowing portion that is provided in at least one of the second supply channel and the second recovery channel and narrows the channel when electrolysis is stopped. cell. 前記第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、電解液の流れが少なくなるにつれ自重で垂下する垂下部材を有する、請求項１に記載の電解セル。   2. The electrolysis cell according to claim 1, wherein the first and second channel narrowing portions have a drooping member that hangs under its own weight as the flow of the electrolyte decreases. 前記垂下部材は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成される、請求項２に記載の電解セル。   The electrolytic cell according to claim 2, wherein the drooping member is made of a material having electrical insulation. 前記第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、垂下した状態の前記垂下部材と当接し、前記垂下部材と協働して前記流路を狭窄する当接部材を更に有する、請求項２又は３に記載の電解セル。   The said 1st and 2nd flow-path constriction part contact | abuts with the said drooping member of the suspended state, and further has the contact member which narrows the said flow path in cooperation with the said drooping member. The electrolytic cell as described. 前記第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、耐蝕性を有する材料から構成される、請求項１〜４の何れか一項に記載の電解セル。   The electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first and second channel narrowing portions are made of a material having corrosion resistance. 前記第一及び第二流路狭窄部は、電気絶縁性を有する材料から構成される、請求項１〜５の何れか一項に記載の電解セル。   The electrolysis cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first and second channel constrictions are made of a material having electrical insulation. 請求項１〜６の何れか一項に記載の電解セルを備える、電解槽。
An electrolytic cell comprising the electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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