JP2015089342A - System and device for detecting estrus of cattle - Google Patents
System and device for detecting estrus of cattle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、繋ぎ飼い（タイストール）または放し飼い（フリーストール、放牧）等によって飼育される牛の発情を検知するためのシステムおよび装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a system and an apparatus for detecting estrus of cattle raised by a tether (tie stall) or a free range (free stall, grazing) or the like.
酪農・畜産業の経営の要は、安定した授乳量の確保である。安定した授乳量の確保には、子牛を年１産もうけていくことが理想である。しかし実態は、牛の発情兆候の微弱化や、酪農家が発情兆候の観察に十分な時間を割けない等の問題があり、繁殖成績は７０％〜８５％程度に留まっている。
この問題は、人手に余裕の無い個人経営の酪農家にとって、特に顕著な問題である。
したがって、当該個人経営の酪農家であっても容易且つ安価に導入できて、且つ繁殖成績を確実に改善することが可能な、発情検知装置の開発・提供が望まれている。
The key to the management of the dairy and livestock industry is to secure a stable feeding. The ideal way to secure a stable lactation is to produce one calf per year. However, in reality, there are problems such as weakening of estrus signs in cattle and dairymen not having enough time to observe estrus signs, and reproductive results remain at about 70% to 85%.
This problem is particularly noticeable for privately owned dairy farmers who cannot afford.
Therefore, there is a demand for the development and provision of an estrus detection device that can be introduced easily and inexpensively even by such a privately managed dairy farmer and that can reliably improve the reproductive performance.
従来知られている、繋ぎ飼いの牛を対象とする発情検知装置としては、以下の特許文献に記載の装置のように、牛の外的発情兆候の特色の中で、発情時に行動量が多くなる特色を活用するものがある。 As a known estrus detection device for tethered cattle, as in the device described in the following patent document, among the features of cattle external estrus signs, there is a large amount of behavior during estrus. There is something that takes advantage of the feature.
しかし、前記特許文献に示す従来技術にも、以下のような問題がある。
＜１＞検知精度等の観点
（１）何れの特許文献も、牛の発情を検知するための手法が単一的であり、検知精度、検知率の向上に限界がある。
また、検知手法が単一的だと、牛の個体差によっても検知精度に変動が生じやすく、満足のいく検知結果を得ることができない恐れがある。
However, there are the following problems in the prior art shown in the patent document.
<1> Viewpoint of Detection Accuracy, etc. (1) In any patent document, there is a single method for detecting the estrus of cattle, and there is a limit to improvement in detection accuracy and detection rate.
In addition, if the detection method is single, the detection accuracy is likely to fluctuate due to individual differences between cows, and there is a possibility that a satisfactory detection result cannot be obtained.
（２）特許文献１に係る発明の場合、牛床マット下面側に配備した温度センサが検知する温度は、［１］外気温（季節変動を含む）［２］牛が横臥した時の体温（熱伝達）［３］牛が起立した時の牛床マット温度（マットの熱容量に依存した降下温度特性をもつ）である。しかし、実際は［１］〜［３］の各温度間には、大きな温度差が無く、マットの熱容量の関係から温度変化の応答性も遅い、という問題がある。また、［２］、［３］のマット温度は非定常・定常状態の熱容量差によりセンサの応答性が変化することとなるため、そのばらつきが誤判定の大きな要因となっている。 (2) In the case of the invention according to Patent Document 1, the temperature detected by the temperature sensor deployed on the underside of the cow bed mat is [1] outside air temperature (including seasonal variation) [2] body temperature when the cow is lying down ( (3) Heat transfer) [3] The temperature of the bed mat when the cow stands (has a temperature drop characteristic depending on the heat capacity of the mat). However, in reality, there is a problem that there is no large temperature difference between the temperatures [1] to [3], and the responsiveness of temperature change is slow due to the heat capacity of the mat. Further, the mat temperatures of [2] and [3] change the responsiveness of the sensor due to the difference in heat capacity between the unsteady state and the steady state.
（３）特許文献２に係る発明の場合、前脚の足踏み回数のみで判定する装置のため、足踏み回数は、牛の個体差によって大きく異なり、判定精度にばらつきが生じやすい。 (3) In the case of the invention according to Patent Document 2, since the device determines only by the number of steps of the front leg, the number of steps varies greatly depending on the individual difference of the cow, and the determination accuracy tends to vary.
（４）特許文献３〜６に記載の発明のように、牛の身体に何らかのセンサを装着すると、牛が異物を排除すべく、様々な動きをしてしまい、センサ器具の損傷や、不自然な行動パターンとなり、自然な起立・横臥行動パターンから検知する発情兆候に繋がらず、検知精度の低下にも繋がる恐れがある。 (4) As in the inventions described in Patent Documents 3 to 6, when a sensor is attached to the body of the cow, the cow moves variously to eliminate foreign matter, and the sensor instrument is damaged or unnatural. Behavior patterns, which do not lead to estrus signs detected from natural standing and lying behavior patterns, and may lead to a decrease in detection accuracy.
＜２＞牛へのストレスの観点
（１）特許文献３〜６に記載の発明のように、牛の身体に何らかのセンサを装着すると、牛にストレスを与えてしまう。
牛はストレスに過敏な動物であり、当該ストレスによってその後の搾乳量が減少する恐れがある。
<2> Viewpoint of stress on cattle (1) Like the inventions described in Patent Documents 3 to 6, if any sensor is attached to the bovine body, the cattle will be stressed.
Cows are animals that are sensitive to stress, and the stress can reduce subsequent milking.
＜３＞コストの観点
（１）特許文献３〜６に記載の発明の場合、管理対象とする全ての牛にセンサを装着する必要があり、コストの低廉化に限界がある。
なお、コストを低廉にすべく、発情が予測される牛にのみセンサを装着する方法も考えられるが、その都度センサを脱着する行為は、飼育者および牛の双方にとって時間やストレスなどの負担が大きく、非現実的である。
<3> Cost Perspective (1) In the case of the inventions described in Patent Documents 3 to 6, it is necessary to attach sensors to all cattle to be managed, and there is a limit to cost reduction.
In order to reduce costs, a method of attaching a sensor only to a cow that is predicted to be in estrus is considered, but the act of detaching the sensor each time imposes burdens such as time and stress on both the breeder and the cow. Big and unrealistic.
以上の通り、本願発明は、従来技術と比較して、より利便性に優れる牛の発情検知システムおよび装置を提供することを目的とする。 As described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a cow estrus detection system and apparatus that are more convenient than conventional techniques.
上記課題を解決すべくなされた本願の第１発明は、牛の発情を検知するためのシステムであって、牛の咆哮音から、牛の発情を検知する第１の検知装置と、牛の行動量から、牛の発情を検知する第２の検知装置と、前記各検知装置の判定結果から、最終的な発情の有無を判定する最終判定手段と、を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、牛の発情検知システムを提供する。
また、本願の第２発明は、前記第１発明において、飼育対象の牛群から発情予定の牛を絞り込む、選定手段を更に設けたことを特徴とする。
また、本願の第３発明は、前記第１または第２発明において、牛の発情を検知した際に飼育者に通知を行う、通知手段を更に設けたことを特徴とする。
また、本願の第４発明は、牛の咆哮音から、牛の発情を検知するための検知装置であって、牛房に設置し、牛の咆哮音を取得する、音声取得手段と、音声取得手段から取得した音声を周波数分析し、予め設定した条件を満たした場合に牛の発情と判定する、音声解析手段と、を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、牛の発情検知装置を提供する。
また、本願の第５発明は、牛の行動量から、牛の発情を検知するための検知装置であって、牛房に設置する非装着型のセンサによって牛の行動を検知する、行動量検知手段と、前記行動量検知手段から取得した情報が、予め設定された条件を満たした場合に、牛の発情と判定する、行動量解析手段と、を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、牛の発情検知装置を提供する。
1st invention of this application made to solve the said subject is a system for detecting the estrus of a cow, Comprising: The 1st detection apparatus which detects the estrus of a cow from the roar of a cow, and the action of a cow The amount of the second detection device for detecting the estrus of the cow, and the final determination means for determining the presence or absence of the final estrus from the determination results of the respective detection devices, Provide an estrus detection system.
The second invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the first invention, a selection means is further provided for narrowing down the cattle to be estrus from the herd to be raised.
The third invention of the present application is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, a notification means is further provided for notifying a breeder when detecting estrus of a cow.
Further, the fourth invention of the present application is a detection device for detecting the estrus of the cow from the roar of the cow, and is installed in the bovine and acquires the roar of the cow, and the sound acquisition means There is provided a cow estrus detection device comprising at least voice analysis means for performing frequency analysis on a voice acquired from the means and determining that it is a cow estrus when a preset condition is satisfied.
Further, the fifth invention of the present application is a detection device for detecting the estrus of the cow from the behavior amount of the cow, and detects the behavior of the cow by a non-wearing type sensor installed in the cow chamber. A bovine estrus characterized in that it comprises at least an action amount analyzing means for determining that the estrus of a cow when the information acquired from the action amount detecting means satisfies a preset condition. A detection device is provided.
本発明によれば、以下に記載する効果のうち、少なくともいずれか一つの効果を得ることができる。
＜１＞検知精度等の観点
（１）牛の咆哮音による第１の検知装置と、牛の行動量による第２の検知装置を組み合わせて、同時に異なる検知手法を用いて複合的に牛の発情を検知するため、検知精度の向上が期待できる。また、牛の個体差に起因する検知漏れも極力回避し、検知率の向上も期待できる。
According to the present invention, at least one of the effects described below can be obtained.
<1> Viewpoints such as detection accuracy (1) A combination of the first detection device based on cow roaring and the second detection device based on the amount of behavior of the cow, and simultaneously using different detection methods to estrus the cow Therefore, the detection accuracy can be improved. In addition, detection omissions caused by individual differences in cattle can be avoided as much as possible, and an improvement in detection rate can be expected.
（２）選定手段を設けることにより、飼育者は、該選定手段で通知された牛を本発明に係るシステムまたは装置を導入した牛房に連れてくれば良く、監視対象の牛の絞り込みが、より正確となる。 (2) By providing the selection means, the breeder only needs to bring the cattle notified by the selection means to the cattle stall where the system or apparatus according to the present invention has been introduced, Become more accurate.
＜２＞飼育者の負担の観点
（１）通知手段を設けることにより、発情兆候情報が自動的に飼育者に通知されるため、飼育者は買い物や食事など農作業以外の活動中であっても牛の発情時期を把握でき、この通知を受けて獣医または人工授精士を呼ぶこともできる。
よって、牛の繁殖効率の向上が期待でき、結果として、酪農・畜産業の安定した経営が可能となる。
<2> Viewpoint of bearer's burden (1) By providing notification means, estrus sign information is automatically notified to the breeder, so even if the breeder is in an activity other than farming such as shopping or eating The time of estrus of the cow can be grasped, and a veterinarian or an artificial inseminator can be called upon receiving this notification.
Therefore, improvement of the breeding efficiency of cattle can be expected, and as a result, stable management of the dairy and livestock industries becomes possible.
＜３＞牛へのストレスの観点
（１）牛に何らの器具も装着しないため、発情候補の牛にストレスを与えない状況で牛の発情監視が可能となる。
よって、搾乳量が減少する恐れや、不自然な行動パターンによる検知精度の低下等の問題を未然に抑止することができる。
<3> Viewpoint of stress on cattle (1) Since no equipment is attached to the cow, the cow's estrus can be monitored in a situation where no stress is given to the estrus candidate cow.
Therefore, it is possible to prevent problems such as a decrease in milking amount and a decrease in detection accuracy due to an unnatural behavior pattern.
＜４＞コストの観点
（１）発情時期が近い牛を優先して本発明に係るシステムまたは装置を導入した牛房に連れてくれば良く、全ての牛にセンサを設ける必要が無い。したがって、全ての牛房に本発明に係るシステムまたは装置を導入する必要がないため、コストの低廉化に寄与する。
<4> Cost point of view (1) It is only necessary to bring a cow having a close estrus time to a cowhouse in which the system or apparatus according to the present invention is introduced, and it is not necessary to provide a sensor for all the cows. Therefore, it is not necessary to introduce the system or apparatus according to the present invention to all the cows, which contributes to cost reduction.
（２）本発明で設ける選定手段は、一般的な表計算ソフトで実行可能なプログラムの形での提供が可能であるため、発情予定の牛を予測するための高価な専用ソフトを導入する必要が無い。 (2) Since the selection means provided in the present invention can be provided in the form of a program that can be executed by general spreadsheet software, it is necessary to introduce expensive dedicated software for predicting the cattle to be in estrus. There is no.
＜５＞使用方法の簡便性の観点
（１）発情予定の牛を予測する方法として、ブリーディングボード（繁殖管理回転盤）などがあるが、それらと比較して、本発明に係る選定手段は、酪農家毎にデータベース化されている乳検管理データを流用して発情予定の牛を予測することができるため、複雑な操作を要せず、機械操作になれないユーザであっても導入のしきいが低い。
<5> Viewpoint of simplicity of usage (1) As a method of predicting estrus cattle, there are bleeding boards (breeding control turntables), etc., but compared with them, the selection means according to the present invention is: The milk test management data stored in the database for each dairy farmer can be used to predict the cattle that are scheduled to be in estrus, so even those users who do not need complicated operations and cannot operate machines can introduce it. The threshold is low.
＜６＞咆哮音または行動量による検知手法のメリット
（１）牛に装着する必要の無いマイクやセンサで、牛の発情を検知するため、牛に別途装置を装着する必要が無く、牛にストレスを与えることが無い。
<6> Merits of detection method based on stuttering or amount of activity (1) Because it detects the estrus of the cow with a microphone or sensor that does not need to be attached to the cow, it is not necessary to attach a separate device to the cow and stresses the cow Is not given.
以下、各図面を参照しながら、本発明の基本構成および応用構成、ならびにこれらの詳細な実施例について説明する。 Hereinafter, the basic configuration and application configuration of the present invention, and detailed examples thereof will be described with reference to the drawings.
＜１＞基本構成例
図１は、本発明に係る牛の発情検知システムの基本構成を示すブロック図である。
本構成例に係る牛の発情検知システムは、音声取得手段１０と、音声解析手段２０と、行動量取得手段３０と、行動量解析手段４０と、最終判定手段５０と、を少なくとも含んでなる。
これらの各装置、各手段および各部は、何れも有線・無線を問わず、公知の通信方法によって、情報を送受信可能に接続されている。
<1> Basic Configuration Example FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a basic configuration of a cow estrus detection system according to the present invention.
The cow estrus detection system according to this configuration example includes at least a voice acquisition unit 10, a voice analysis unit 20, a behavior amount acquisition unit 30, a behavior amount analysis unit 40, and a final determination unit 50.
Each of these devices, each means, and each unit is connected so that information can be transmitted and received by a known communication method regardless of wired or wireless.
（１）音声取得手段１０
音声取得手段１０は、牛の声（咆哮音）を取得し、取得した音声信号を音声解析手段へ送信するための手段である。
音声取得手段１０は、発情予定の牛が繋がれている牛房に一時的あるいは定常的に設置することを想定する。
音声取得手段１０は、集音部１１と、Ａ／Ｄ変換部１２とを少なくとも含む。
以下、各要素の詳細について説明する。
(1) Voice acquisition means 10
The voice acquisition unit 10 is a unit for acquiring a cow's voice (stuttering) and transmitting the acquired voice signal to the voice analysis unit.
It is assumed that the voice acquisition means 10 is temporarily or regularly installed in a cow bull to which a cow to be estrus is connected.
The sound acquisition unit 10 includes at least a sound collection unit 11 and an A / D conversion unit 12.
Details of each element will be described below.
（１．１）集音部１１
集音部１１は、牛の咆哮を録音するための機能を備える。
集音部１１には、単一指向性の良好なマイクを用いることができる。
(1.1) Sound collection unit 11
The sound collection unit 11 has a function for recording a cow's salmon.
As the sound collection unit 11, a microphone having good unidirectionality can be used.
（１．２）Ａ／Ｄ変換部１２
Ａ／Ｄ変換部１２は、集音部１１で録音した音声信号をＡ／Ｄ変換するための部材であり、詳細な説明は省略する。
(1.2) A / D converter 12
The A / D conversion unit 12 is a member for A / D converting the audio signal recorded by the sound collection unit 11, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
（２）音声解析手段２０
音声解析手段２０は、前記音声取得手段１０から取得した、音声信号を周波数解析するとともに、牛の発情の有無を判定するための手段である。
音声解析手段２０は、パソコンやサーバなどの制御装置Ａ上において、ソフトウェアの実行によって実現されることを想定する。
音声解析手段２０を備えた制御装置Ａは、牛房の近くに設置してもよいし、飼育者の詰所など牛房から離れた場所に設置しておいてもよい。
音声解析手段２０は、解析部２１と、判定部２２とを少なくとも含む。
以下、各要素の詳細について説明する。
(2) Voice analysis means 20
The voice analysis means 20 is a means for performing frequency analysis on the voice signal acquired from the voice acquisition means 10 and determining the presence or absence of cow estrus.
It is assumed that the voice analysis means 20 is realized by executing software on the control device A such as a personal computer or a server.
The control device A provided with the voice analysis means 20 may be installed near the cowhouse, or may be installed at a place away from the cowhouse such as a breeding house.
The voice analysis means 20 includes at least an analysis unit 21 and a determination unit 22.
Details of each element will be described below.
（２．１）解析部２１
解析部２１は、牛の音声信号を解析するための機能を備える。
より詳細に説明すると、解析部２１は、音声信号のノイズ除去の後、高速フーリエ変換（ＦＦＴ）を用いた解析によって、牛の音声情報を周波数情報へ変換して処理を行う。
これらの解析には、周知のソフトウェアを用いることができ、例えば「Ｓｏｎｏｉｃ Ｖｉｓｕａｌｉｚｅｒ」などのフリーソフトが該当する。
(2.1) Analysis unit 21
The analysis unit 21 has a function for analyzing the audio signal of the cow.
If it demonstrates in detail, the analysis part 21 will perform the process by converting the audio | voice information of a cow into frequency information by the analysis using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) after the noise removal of an audio | voice signal.
For these analyses, well-known software can be used, for example, free software such as “Sonic Visualizer”.
図２は、ＦＦＴ解析によって得られた牛の音声信号のスペクトル解析画像の一例である。
図２では、時間を横軸、周波数を縦軸としており、各周波数の強弱を色分けして示している。
この解析画像のうち、所定以上の強度の周波数帯を説明の便宜上「節２１１」と定義する。
FIG. 2 is an example of a spectrum analysis image of a cow audio signal obtained by FFT analysis.
In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents frequency, and the strength of each frequency is shown by color.
In the analysis image, a frequency band having a predetermined intensity or higher is defined as “section 211” for convenience of explanation.
（２．２）判定部２２
判定部２２は、前記スペクトル情報から、牛の発情の有無を判定するための機能を備える。
より詳細に説明すると、判定部２２は、前記スペクトル解析から得られる、全体の節２１１の数や、特定の周波数帯での節２１１の数などを、事前に設定してある判定条件を満足するものであるか否かによって、牛の発情の有無を判定する処理を行う。
(2.2) Determination unit 22
The determination part 22 is provided with the function for determining the presence or absence of the estrus of a cow from the said spectrum information.
More specifically, the determination unit 22 satisfies the determination conditions set in advance such as the total number of nodes 211 and the number of nodes 211 in a specific frequency band obtained from the spectrum analysis. Depending on whether it is a thing, the process which determines the presence or absence of the estrus of a cow is performed.
［判定条件の種類］
前記判定条件は、発情時の牛および被発情時の牛の音声サンプルを収集し、発情時の牛に共通する条件を抽出するなどして、事前に決定しておけばよい。
現段階での判定条件としては、0〜2000Hz内に存在する節の数の制約、且つ800〜1000Hz内に存在する節の数の制約の中で、一定時間内にその咆哮音をある回数以上検知した場合に、発情状態と判定している。
なお、今後、収集サンプルの増加に伴い、より検知精度の高い判定条件が見出されるものと推測されるが、何れの条件であっても、牛の咆哮に係る音声信号から牛の発情の有無を判定する処理を行う限り、本発明の範囲内に含まれることを付言する。
[Type of judgment condition]
The determination condition may be determined in advance, for example, by collecting audio samples of cows at the time of estrus and cows at the time of estrus and extracting conditions common to the cows at the time of estrus.
The judgment condition at this stage is that the number of stutters is more than a certain number of times within a certain time within the restrictions on the number of nodes existing in 0-2000Hz and the number of nodes existing in 800-1000Hz. When detected, it is determined as an estrus state.
In the future, it is speculated that more accurate detection conditions will be found as the number of collected samples increases.In any condition, the presence or absence of estrus in the cow is determined from the audio signal related to the cow's heel. As long as the determination process is performed, it is added that it is included in the scope of the present invention.
（３）行動量取得手段３０
行動量取得手段３０は、牛の行動量を取得し、取得した行動データを、行動量解析手段へ送信するための手段である。
行動量取得手段３０は、発情予定の牛が繋がれている牛房に一時的あるいは定常的に設置することを想定する。
行動量検知手段３０は、行動検知部３１と、Ａ／Ｄ変換部３２とを少なくとも含む。
以下、各要素の詳細について説明する。
(3) Action amount acquisition means 30
The behavior amount acquisition unit 30 is a unit for acquiring a behavior amount of a cow and transmitting the acquired behavior data to the behavior amount analysis unit.
It is assumed that the action amount acquisition means 30 is temporarily or regularly installed in a cow bull to which an estrus cow is connected.
The behavior amount detection means 30 includes at least a behavior detection unit 31 and an A / D conversion unit 32.
Details of each element will be described below.
（３．１）行動検知部３１
行動検知部３１は、牛の行動を検知するための機能を備える。
より詳細に説明すると、行動検知部３１は、牛に装着しない、非装着型のセンサによって、牛の起立・横臥の態様を検知する機能を備える。
(3.1) Behavior detection unit 31
The behavior detection unit 31 has a function for detecting the behavior of the cow.
If it demonstrates in detail, the action detection part 31 is provided with the function to detect the aspect of standing / recumbent of a cow with the non-wearing type sensor which is not mounted | worn with a cow.
［非装着型センサの構成］
非装着型のセンサとしては、牛房に敷設する牛床マットの内部に圧電センサや圧力センサをセットして、牛の起立・横臥や足踏み状態を検知する構成や、赤外線センサやレーザーセンサなどを所定の位置・高さにセットし、前記センサと牛との距離情報によって牛の起立・横臥を検知する構成などを用いることができる。
[Configuration of non-wearable sensor]
As non-wearable sensors, piezoelectric sensors and pressure sensors are set inside a cow mat that is laid in the cow bunch, and a structure that detects the standing, recumbency and stepping state of the cow, an infrared sensor, a laser sensor, etc. It is possible to use a configuration that is set at a predetermined position / height and detects the standing or lying of the cow based on the distance information between the sensor and the cow.
（３．２）Ａ／Ｄ変換部
Ａ／Ｄ変換部３２は、行動検知部３１で検知した活動信号を、Ａ／Ｄ変換してデジタル信号として出力するための部材であり、詳細な説明は省略する。
(3.2) A / D Conversion Unit The A / D conversion unit 32 is a member for A / D converting the activity signal detected by the behavior detection unit 31 and outputting it as a digital signal. Omitted.
（４）行動量解析手段４０
行動量解析手段４０は、前記行動量取得手段３０から取得した活動信号から牛の発情の有無を判定するための手段である。
行動量解析手段４０は、パソコンやサーバなどの制御装置Ａ上において、ソフトウェアの実行によって実現されることを想定する。
行動量解析手段４０は、牛房の近くに設置してもよいし、飼育者の詰所など牛房から離れた場所に設置しておいてもよい。
行動量解析手段４０は、行動量演算部４１と、判定部４２とを少なくとも含む。
以下、各要素の詳細について説明する。
(4) Action amount analysis means 40
The behavior amount analyzing means 40 is means for determining the presence or absence of cow estrus from the activity signal obtained from the behavior amount obtaining means 30.
It is assumed that the behavior amount analyzing means 40 is realized by executing software on the control device A such as a personal computer or a server.
The behavior amount analyzing means 40 may be installed near the cowhouse, or may be installed in a place away from the cowhouse such as a breeding house.
The behavior amount analysis means 40 includes at least a behavior amount calculation unit 41 and a determination unit 42.
Details of each element will be described below.
（４．１）行動量演算部４１
行動量演算部４１は、前記行動量取得手段３０から取得した活動信号から、牛の行動状態を導出するための機能を備える。
より詳細に説明すると、行動量演算部４１は、前記行動量取得手段３０から取得した活動信号を毎時分割して、牛の起立または横臥についての回数や時間を算出し、行動データを生成する処理を行う。
(4.1) Action amount calculation unit 41
The behavior amount calculation unit 41 has a function for deriving the behavior state of the cow from the activity signal acquired from the behavior amount acquisition means 30.
More specifically, the behavior amount calculation unit 41 divides the activity signal acquired from the behavior amount acquisition unit 30 every hour, calculates the number and time of standing or lying on the cow, and generates behavior data. I do.
（４．２）判定部４２
判定部４２は、前記行動データから、牛の発情の有無を判定するための機能を備える。
より詳細に説明すると、判定部４２は、前記行動データが、事前に設定してある判定条件を満足するものであるか否かによって、牛の発情の有無を判定する処理を行う。
(4.2) Determination unit 42
The determination unit 42 has a function for determining the presence or absence of cow estrus from the behavior data.
If it demonstrates in detail, the determination part 42 will perform the process which determines the presence or absence of the estrus of a cow by whether the said action data satisfy | fills the determination conditions currently set beforehand.
［判定条件の種類］
前記判定条件は、発情時の牛および非発情時の牛の行動データのサンプルを収集し、発情時の牛に共通する条件を抽出したり、既知の条件を用いたりするなどして、事前に決定しておけばよい。
なお、今後、判定条件が如何なる条件であっても、牛の行動に起因する行動データから牛の発情の有無を判定する処理を行う限り、本発明の範囲内に含まれることを付言する。
[Type of judgment condition]
The judgment conditions are collected in advance by collecting a sample of behavior data of cattle at the time of estrus and cattle at the time of non-estrus, extracting conditions common to cattle at the time of estrus, using known conditions, etc. Just decide.
Note that it will be included in the scope of the present invention as long as processing for determining the presence / absence of estrus in cattle is performed from behavior data resulting from cattle behavior, regardless of the criteria.
（５）最終判定手段５０
最終判定手段５０は、前記音声解析手段３０および行動量解析手段４０から得られる判定結果に基づいて、最終的に発情の有無を判定する手段である。
最終判定手段５０による判定結果は、前記音声解析手段３０および行動量解析手段４０から得られる判定結果を、論理積あるいは論理和する処理がある。
(5) Final determination means 50
The final determination unit 50 is a unit that finally determines the presence or absence of estrus based on the determination results obtained from the voice analysis unit 30 and the behavior amount analysis unit 40.
The determination result by the final determination means 50 includes a process of logical product or OR of the determination results obtained from the voice analysis means 30 and the action amount analysis means 40.
［論理積によるメリット］
論理積による結果であれば、異なる判定手法の何れでも発情と判定された結果となるため、発情の有無をより確実に検知することができる面から、利便性の向上が期待できる。
[Advantages of logical product]
If the result is a logical product, it is determined that the estrus is determined by any of the different determination methods. Therefore, the convenience can be expected in terms of more reliably detecting the presence or absence of estrus.
［論理和によるメリット］
論理和による結果であれば、単一の判定手法では見逃されていた発情の予兆を、異なる判定手法によって把握し得ることができるため、発情可能性のある牛の検知率の向上が期待できる。
[Advantages of logical sum]
If the result is a logical sum, a sign of estrus that has been overlooked by a single determination method can be grasped by a different determination method, so that an improvement in the detection rate of cattle that may be in estrus can be expected.
（６）本例の作用・効果
本構成によれば、各検知装置でもって、牛の発情を検知することにより、システム全体での検知精度、検知率の向上に寄与する。
(6) Operation and effect of this example According to this configuration, each detection device contributes to improvement in detection accuracy and detection rate in the entire system by detecting the estrus of the cow.
（７）各検知装置の独立構成について
以上、本発明の牛の発情検知システムを構成する各手段の詳細について説明したが、本発明は、当該システムの一部を、別途検知装置として切り出して構成してもよい。
たとえば、牛の咆哮音から牛の発情を検知する装置として、前記音声取得手段１０および音声解析手段２０でもって、独立した第１の検知装置Ｂとすることができる。
同様に、牛の行動量から牛の発情を検知する検知装置として、前記行動量取得手段３０および行動量解析手段４０でもって、独立した第２の検知装置Ｃとすることができる。
このように、各検知装置を独立した検知装置として使用する場合には、最終判定手段５０は不要である。
(7) Independent configuration of each detection device As described above, the details of each means constituting the cow estrus detection system of the present invention have been described. However, the present invention is configured by cutting out a part of the system as a separate detection device. May be.
For example, as a device for detecting the estrus of a cow from the roar of the cow, the first detection device B can be made independent of the sound acquisition means 10 and the sound analysis means 20.
Similarly, as the detection device for detecting the estrus of the cow from the behavior amount of the cow, the independent second detection device C can be provided by the behavior amount acquisition means 30 and the behavior amount analysis means 40.
Thus, when using each detection apparatus as an independent detection apparatus, the final determination means 50 is unnecessary.
＜２＞第１応用例
本発明の第１応用例について説明する。
図３は、本発明の第１応用例を示すブロック図である。
本発明は、前記した基本構成例に加えて、前記した音声取得手段１０および行動量取得手段３０を設置した牛房に連れてくる牛を絞り込むための選定手段６０を設けることができる。
以下、選定手段６０の詳細について説明する。
<2> First Application Example A first application example of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a first application example of the present invention.
In addition to the basic configuration example described above, the present invention can be provided with a selection means 60 for narrowing down the cows to be brought to the barn where the voice acquisition means 10 and the action amount acquisition means 30 are installed.
Hereinafter, details of the selection means 60 will be described.
（１）選定手段６０
選定手段６０は、飼育対象の牛群から発情予定の牛を絞り込むための手段である。
選定手段６０は、パソコンやサーバなどの制御装置Ａ上において、ソフトウェアの実行によって実現されることを想定する。
選定手段６０を備えた制御装置Ａは、牛房の近くに設置してもよいし、飼育者の詰所など牛房から離れた場所に設置しておいてもよい。
(1) Selection means 60
The selection means 60 is a means for narrowing down the cows that are to be estrus from the herd to be raised.
It is assumed that the selection unit 60 is realized by executing software on the control device A such as a personal computer or a server.
The control device A provided with the selection means 60 may be installed near the cowhouse, or may be installed in a place away from the cowhouse, such as a breeding house.
選定手段６０は、飼育牛の繁殖管理記録等と、牛の発情が２１日周期であることに着目して、自動的に各牛の発情時期を推定して、カレンダー上に表示する機能を備える。 The selection means 60 has a function of automatically estimating the estrus time of each cow and displaying it on a calendar, paying attention to the breeding management record of the breeding cattle and the fact that the estrus of the cow is a 21-day cycle. .
飼育牛の繁殖管理記録等は、例えば、道内の殆どの酪農家が加入している、公益社団法人北海道酪農検定検査協会で提供する乳検管理データなどから取得することができる。
この乳検管理データは、会員の酪農家１戸毎に、保有する牛の月ごとの分娩記録や乳量、乳成分、最近受精日数、分娩後日数、受精回数、購入飼料給与量、繁殖管理記録、管理状態などがデータベース化されており、酪農家はウェブサイト上から自己の保有する牛のデータベースについて、ＣＳＶデータによる取得が可能である。
Breeding management records of domestic cattle can be obtained from, for example, milk test management data provided by the Hokkaido Dairy Examination Association, which most dairymen in Hokkaido have joined.
This dairy management data is for each member dairy farmer's monthly calving records, milk yield, milk composition, recent fertilization days, postpartum days, fertilization times, purchased feed supply, breeding management Records, management status, etc. are made into a database, and dairymen can obtain their own cattle database from the website using CSV data.
図４は、牛の発情時期を示すカレンダーの一例を示す図である。
選定手段６０は、当該ＣＳＶデータをＣＳＶ選択領域６１で選択して更新ボタン６２を選択することにより、自動的に各牛の発情時期を推定して、制御装置Ａで備えるディスプレイにカレンダー形式で表示するよう構成する。
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a calendar showing the estrus time of cows.
The selection means 60 selects the CSV data in the CSV selection area 61 and selects the update button 62, thereby automatically estimating the estrus time of each cow and displaying it in a calendar format on the display provided in the control device A. Configure to
図４のように、発情予定の牛の名前をカレンダー上に視覚的に表示することで、本発明に係る牛の発情検知システムを導入した牛房の使用スケジュールを予測することができる。
また、前記した通り、牛の発情は２１日周期であるため、図５のように、２ヶ月単位での表示とすると、閲覧性に優れ、将来の予定がたてやすい。
その他、選定手段６０は、カレンダーを年間、週間単位で表示する切替ボタン６３を設けることで、ユーザに閲覧性の選択肢を提供しても良い。
また、カレンダーの印刷ボタン６４を設けておくと、機械操作に不慣れなユーザにとっても、紙での持ち運びが可能となり、有益である。
As shown in FIG. 4, by visually displaying the name of the cattle to be estrus on the calendar, it is possible to predict the use schedule of the cow bull in which the cattle estrus detection system according to the present invention is introduced.
Further, as described above, since the estrus of the cow is a 21-day cycle, when it is displayed in units of two months as shown in FIG. 5, it is excellent in viewability and easy to schedule in the future.
In addition, the selection means 60 may provide a user with a browseability option by providing a switching button 63 that displays a calendar on a yearly and weekly basis.
The provision of the calendar print button 64 is also beneficial for users who are unfamiliar with machine operation because it can be carried on paper.
［選定手段の効果］
本発明の選定手段６０によれば、飼育者は、該選定手段６０で通知された牛を本発明に係る検知システムまたは装置を導入した牛房に連れてくれば良く、検知対象の牛の選定精度の正確性向上に寄与する。
また、全ての牛房に、本発明に係るシステムまたは装置を導入する必要が無くなることから、システム全体のコストの低廉化に寄与する。
[Effects of selection means]
According to the selection means 60 of the present invention, the breeder only needs to bring the cattle notified by the selection means 60 to the cow house in which the detection system or apparatus according to the present invention has been introduced. Contributes to improving accuracy.
Moreover, since it is not necessary to introduce the system or apparatus according to the present invention to all the cows, it contributes to a reduction in the cost of the entire system.
［その他の構成例］
その他、当日の発情予定の牛の有無を担当者にメールで通知する通知機能を設けておくと、さらなる利便性の向上に寄与する。
[Other configuration examples]
In addition, providing a notification function that notifies the person in charge of the presence or absence of cattle scheduled for estrus on the day contributes to further improvement in convenience.
＜３＞第２応用例
本発明の第２応用例について説明する。
図５は、本発明の第２応用例を示すブロック図である。
本発明は、前記した基本構成例に加えて、前記最終判定手段５０によって牛の発情を検知した際に、担当者に通知を行う通知手段７０を設けることができる。
以下、通知手段７０の詳細について説明する。
<3> Second Application Example A second application example of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a second application example of the present invention.
In addition to the basic configuration example described above, the present invention can be provided with a notification means 70 that notifies the person in charge when the final determination means 50 detects the estrus of a cow.
Details of the notification means 70 will be described below.
（１）通知手段７０
通知手段７０は、牛の発情を検知した際に、担当者に通知を行うための手段である。
通知手段７０は、パソコンやサーバなどの制御装置Ａ上において、ソフトウェアの実行によって実現されることを想定する。
通知手段７０を備えた制御装置Ａは、牛房の近くに設置してもよいし、飼育者の詰所など牛房から離れた場所に設置しておいてもよい。
通知手段７０は、予め登録した飼育者のメールアドレスに自動でメールを送信するなどの方法を用いることができる。
(1) Notification means 70
The notification means 70 is a means for notifying the person in charge when the estrus of the cow is detected.
It is assumed that the notification means 70 is realized by executing software on the control device A such as a personal computer or a server.
The control device A provided with the notification means 70 may be installed near the cowhouse, or may be installed at a place away from the cowhouse, such as a breeding house.
The notification means 70 can use a method such as automatically sending an e-mail to an e-mail address of a breeder registered in advance.
［選定手段の効果］
本発明の通知手段７０を設けることにより、監視対象の牛の発情兆候情報が自動的に飼育者（担当者）に通知されるため、飼育者は買い物や食事など農作業以外の行動中であっても、牛の発情時期を把握でき、この通報を受けて獣医または人工授精士を呼ぶこともできる。
よって、牛の繁殖効率の向上が期待でき、結果として、酪農・畜産業の安定した経営が可能となる。
[Effects of selection means]
By providing the notification means 70 of the present invention, the estrus sign information of the cow to be monitored is automatically notified to the breeder (person in charge), so that the breeder is in an action other than farming such as shopping or eating. In addition, it is possible to grasp the estrus time of cattle, and to receive this report, a veterinarian or an artificial inseminator can be called.
Therefore, improvement of the breeding efficiency of cattle can be expected, and as a result, stable management of the dairy and livestock industries becomes possible.
以下、本発明に係る牛の発情検知システムの、より具体的な実施例について説明する。
図６は、本発明の具体的な実施例を示す概略図である。
図７は、図６に係る構成を機能毎に示したブロック図である。
Hereinafter, more specific examples of the estrus detection system for cattle according to the present invention will be described.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a specific embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration according to FIG. 6 for each function.
［監視対象牛の選定］
コンピュータｅには、前記選定手段６０に相当するプログラムがインストールされている。
当該選定手段６０によって選定された発情時期の近い牛を、本発明の発情検知システムが設置されている牛房へと案内することとなる。
[Selection of monitored cattle]
A program corresponding to the selection means 60 is installed in the computer e.
The cattle close to the estrus time selected by the selection means 60 will be guided to the cow barn where the estrus detection system of the present invention is installed.
［牛の咆哮音による検知装置の態様］
牛房の中央天井部位には前記集音部１１に相当するマイクａを設置しておき、マイクａから取得した音声信号は、前記Ａ／Ｄ変換器１２の機能を備えた音声信号発信機ｂを介して、コンピュータｅへと送られる。
[Aspect of detection device by cow roar]
A microphone a corresponding to the sound collecting unit 11 is installed in the central ceiling portion of the cow bunch, and the audio signal acquired from the microphone a is an audio signal transmitter b having the function of the A / D converter 12. To the computer e.
［牛の行動量による検知装置の態様］
牛房内には、前記行動検知部３１に相当する、圧電素子を配備した牛床マットｃを設置しておき、牛床マットｃから得られた圧電信号からなる行動信号、または牛房の天井部位にセットした赤外線センサ、またはレーザーセンサｆからの距離信号は、前記Ａ／Ｄ変換器３２の機能を備えた行動信号発信機ｄを介して、コンピュータｅへと送られる。
[Aspect of the detection device based on the amount of behavior of the cow]
A cow bed mat c provided with a piezoelectric element corresponding to the action detection unit 31 is installed in the cow chamber, and an action signal including a piezoelectric signal obtained from the cow bed mat c, or a ceiling of the cow chamber A distance signal from the infrared sensor or laser sensor f set in the part is sent to the computer e via the behavior signal transmitter d having the function of the A / D converter 32.
［コンピュータによる判定処理］
コンピュータｅには、前記音声解析手段２０、行動量解析手段４０、最終判定手段５０、および通知手段７０に相当するプログラムがインストールされている。
コンピュータｅは、前記音声信号とおよび行動信号をそれぞれ受信し、前記音声解析手段２０、行動量解析手段４０および最終判定手段５０によって牛の発情の有無を判定し、牛は発情状態であると判定した際には、飼育者に発情の検知を通知手段７０によってメール等で通知する。
[Judgment processing by computer]
The computer e is installed with programs corresponding to the voice analysis means 20, the behavior amount analysis means 40, the final determination means 50, and the notification means 70.
The computer e receives the sound signal and the action signal, respectively, determines whether the cow is in estrus by the sound analysis means 20, the action amount analysis means 40, and the final determination means 50, and determines that the cow is in the estrus state. When this happens, the notification means 70 notifies the breeder of the detection of estrus by e-mail or the like.
実施例１で説明した各装置、各手段および各部は、全ての機能を一つの装置に一体化してもよいし、これらの機能を任意に複数の装置に振り分けて実現してもよい。
例えば、音声信号発信機ｂや、行動信号発信機ｄを、複数のマイクａや牛床マットｃに対応するように構成することができる。
また、マイクａ、音声信号発信機ｂ、行動信号発信機ｄおよびコンピュータｅを、通信機能を備えた情報処理装置（例：携帯電話、スマートフォン、タブレット）に統合して構成することができる。
Each device, each means, and each unit described in the first embodiment may be integrated with all functions in one device or may be realized by arbitrarily distributing these functions to a plurality of devices.
For example, the audio signal transmitter b and the action signal transmitter d can be configured to correspond to the plurality of microphones a and the cow bed mat c.
Further, the microphone a, the audio signal transmitter b, the behavior signal transmitter d, and the computer e can be configured to be integrated with an information processing apparatus (for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, and a tablet) having a communication function.
Ａ 制御装置
Ｂ 第１の検知装置
Ｃ 第２の検知装置
１０ 音声取得手段
１１ 集音部
１２ Ａ／Ｄ変換部
２０ 音声解析手段
２１ 解析部
２２ 判定部
３０ 行動量取得手段
３１ 行動検知部
３２ Ａ／Ｄ変換部
４０ 行動量解析手段
４１ 行動量演算部
４２ 判定部
５０ 最終判定手段
６０ 選定手段
６１ ＣＳＶ選択領域
６２ 更新ボタン
６３ 切替ボタン
６４ 印刷ボタン
７０ 通知手段
ａ マイク
ｂ 音声信号発信機
ｃ 牛床マット
ｄ 行動信号発信機
ｅ コンピュータ
ｆ レーザーセンサ
A control device B first detection device C second detection device 10 voice acquisition unit 11 sound collection unit 12 A / D conversion unit 20 voice analysis unit 21 analysis unit 22 determination unit 30 action amount acquisition unit 31 action detection unit 32 A / D conversion unit 40 Action amount analysis unit 41 Action amount calculation unit 42 Determination unit 50 Final determination unit 60 Selection unit 61 CSV selection area 62 Update button 63 Switch button 64 Print button 70 Notification unit a Microphone b Audio signal transmitter c Cow bed Matt d Action signal transmitter e Computer f Laser sensor
Claims (5)
牛の咆哮音から、牛の発情を検知する第１の検知装置と、
牛の行動量から、牛の発情を検知する第２の検知装置と、
前記各検知装置の判定結果から、最終的な発情の有無を判定する最終判定手段と、
を少なくとも含むことを特徴とする、牛の発情検知システム。 A system for detecting estrus in cattle,
A first detection device for detecting the estrus of the cow from the roar of the cow;
A second detection device that detects the estrus of the cow from the amount of behavior of the cow;
From the determination result of each detection device, final determination means for determining the presence or absence of final estrus,
An estrus detection system for cattle characterized by comprising at least
牛房に設置し、牛の咆哮音を取得する、音声取得手段と、
音声取得手段から取得した音声を周波数分析し、予め設定した条件を満たした場合に牛の発情と判定する、音声解析手段と、を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、
牛の発情検知装置。 A detection device for detecting the estrus of a cow from the roar of the cow,
Voice acquisition means installed in a cow bull and acquiring the roar of the cow;
Analyzing the frequency of the sound acquired from the sound acquisition means, and determining that it is a cow's estrus when a preset condition is satisfied, the sound analysis means comprises at least,
Cattle estrus detection device.
牛房に設置する非装着型のセンサによって牛の行動を検知する、行動量検知手段と、
前記行動量検知手段から取得した情報が、予め設定された条件を満たした場合に、牛の発情と判定する、行動量解析手段と、を少なくとも備えることを特徴とする、
牛の発情検知装置。 A detection device for detecting the estrus of a cow from the amount of behavior of the cow,
A behavior amount detecting means for detecting the behavior of the cow by a non-wearing type sensor installed in the cow chamber,
When the information acquired from the action amount detection means satisfies a preset condition, it comprises at least an action amount analysis means for determining that it is a cow's estrus,
Cattle estrus detection device.
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