JP2015066506A - 界面活性剤 - Google Patents
界面活性剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2015066506A JP2015066506A JP2013203788A JP2013203788A JP2015066506A JP 2015066506 A JP2015066506 A JP 2015066506A JP 2013203788 A JP2013203788 A JP 2013203788A JP 2013203788 A JP2013203788 A JP 2013203788A JP 2015066506 A JP2015066506 A JP 2015066506A
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- Prior art keywords
- group
- surfactant
- general formula
- polymerization
- chemical formula
- Prior art date
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005156 substituted alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 119
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 47
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 11
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- QIRNGVVZBINFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-allylphenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1CC=C QIRNGVVZBINFMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WXJFKAZDSQLPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WXJFKAZDSQLPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006020 2-methyl-1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002296 dynamic light scattering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical group NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XENMLDGAMXHYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-prop-2-enylphenoxy)methyl]oxirane Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1OCC1OC1 XENMLDGAMXHYMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005937 allylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanethiol Chemical compound CCCCS WQAQPCDUOCURKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical group OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004991 fluoroalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004407 fluoroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005348 fluorocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005804 perfluoroheptyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enoxybenzene Chemical compound C=CCOC1=CC=CC=C1 POSICDHOUBKJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabromomethane Chemical compound BrC(Br)(Br)Br HJUGFYREWKUQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- KYPOHTVBFVELTG-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-enedinitrile Chemical compound N#C\C=C/C#N KYPOHTVBFVELTG-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTKPMCIBUROOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(F)(F)F QTKPMCIBUROOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSXVQELLSMPBFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9-hexadecafluorononan-1-ol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F MSXVQELLSMPBFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloroethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CISIJYCKDJSTMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,4,4,5-hexamethylhexane-2-thiol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C(C)(C)S YAJYJWXEWKRTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYLSIPUARIZAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tris(1-phenylethyl)phenol Chemical compound C=1C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C(O)C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 BYLSIPUARIZAHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLWQJHWLGRXAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxy-n,n-diethylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC=C PLWQJHWLGRXAMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003229 2-methylhexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FMFHUEMLVAIBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 FMFHUEMLVAIBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-enylphenol Chemical compound CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1O WHGXZPQWZJUGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Inorganic materials O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000005063 tetradecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005040 tridecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004205 trifluoroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004360 trifluorophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000725 trifluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(octadecyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C PDSVZUAJOIQXRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005065 undecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明の界面活性剤を用いた重合反応に適用されるモノマーは特に限定されず、種々のものに適用可能である。例えばアクリレート系エマルション、スチレン系エマルション、酢酸ビニル系エマルション、SBR(スチレン/ブタジエン)エマルション、ABS(アクリロニトリル/ブタジエン/スチレン)エマルション、BR(ブタジエン)エマルション、IR(イソプレン)エマルション、NBR(アクリロニトリル/ブタジエン)エマルション等の製造に使用でき、2種以上のモノマーを乳化重合することもできる。
本発明の界面活性剤を使用して乳化重合反応を行う場合、使用される重合開始剤は特に限定されず、例えば、過酸化水素、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸カリウム、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、ベンゾイルパーオキシド等を使用できる。重合促進剤としては、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、硫酸第1鉄アンモニウム等が使用できる。また、連鎖移動剤として、α−メチルスチレンダイマー、n−ブチルメルカプタン、t−ドデシルメルカプタンなどのメルカプタン類、四塩化炭素、四臭化炭素などのハロゲン化炭化水素などを用いてもよい。
重合時の重合安定性を向上させる目的で公知の保護コロイド剤を併用することができる。併用できる保護コロイド剤としては、完全けん化ポリビニルアルコール、部分けん化ポリビニルアルコール、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸、アラビアゴムなどがある。
本発明の界面活性剤は、その分子中の疎水基部分に共重合性の不飽和基を有し、重合性モノマー、殊にスチレン系モノマーとの共重合性に優れ、ポリマー組成に組み込まれやすい。そのため、共重合性の反応性界面活性剤として、ポリマーディスパージョンから得られたポリマーフィルム中に遊離した状態で存在する界面活性剤量が著しく減少し、フィルムの耐水性や撥水性等の諸特性の向上に極めて優れた効果を発揮する。かつポリマーディスパージョンの泡立ち、機械安定性等が著しく改善される。
撹拌機、温度計、還流管を備えた反応容器に、フェノール94g(1.0モル)、NaOH40g(1.0モル)およびアセトン210gを仕込み、撹拌しながら内温を40℃に昇温した。次にアリルクロライド76g(1.0モル)を1時間かけて滴下した。滴下終了後、さらに40℃に2時間保ち、反応を行った。反応生成物を濾過し、副生したNaClを除去した後、減圧下にアセトンを除去し、アリルフェニルエーテル134gを得た。
撹拌器、温度計及び窒素導入管を備えた反応容器に、上記製造例1で得られた化合物(本発明品1)830g(1モル)を仕込み、反応装置内の雰囲気を窒素で置換後、温度120℃の条件にてスルファミン酸97g(1モル)を反応させた後、精製して一般式(I)で表される化合物(本発明品3)を得た。
2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−1−ブタノールの代わりに3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8−トリデカフルオロ−1−オクタノールを用いた他は、製造例1に準じて一般式(I)で表される化合物(本発明品4)を得た。
2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−1−ブタノールの代わりに2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9−ヘキサデカフルオロ−1−ノナノールを用い、アリルクロライドの量を152gに増やし、エチレンオキサイドの量を440g(10モル)から880g(20モル)に増やした他は、製造例1に準じて一般式(I)で表される化合物(本発明品5)を得た。
フェノールの代わりにスチレン化フェノールを用い、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9−ヘキサデカフルオロ−1−ノナノールの代わりに1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6−トリデカフルオロヘキサン−1−オールを用いた他は、製造例5に準じて一般式(I)で表される化合物(本発明品6)を得た。
2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロ−1−ブタノールの代わりに2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7−トリデカフルオロヘプタン酸を用いた他は、製造例1に準じて一般式(I)で表される化合物(本発明品7)を得た。
<使用例1:ポリテトラフルオロエチレンディスパージョン(PTFE)の調製>
イオン交換水1.5L、パラフィンワックス60g(融点60℃)及び本発明品または比較品の乳化剤1.5gを撹拌機付きステンレススチール製オートクレーブに仕込み、窒素ガスの圧入、脱気を3回行い、系内の酸素を除去した。引き続き内圧が0.78MPaになるまでテトラフルオロエチレン(TFE)を圧入し、1質量%の過硫酸アンモニウム水溶液3.75gを仕込み、内温70℃にて反応を開始した。重合の進行に伴って重合系内の圧力が低下するので、連続的にTFEを追加して、内圧を0.78MPaに保ち、反応を継続した。重合開始から12時間後にTFEをパージして重合を停止した。得られたポリマーディスパージョンについて、以下の評価試験を行った。その結果を表1に示す。
ポリマーディスパージョン2gをアルミ製カップに精秤し、105℃で2時間乾燥後の残渣重量から固形分重量を求め、その固形分重量をディスパージョン精秤量に対する重量%で示した。
ポリマーディスパージョンの一部を取り、動的光散乱式粒度分布測定装置(日機装株式会社製、製品名MICROTRAC UPA9340)にて粒子径を測定した。
B型粘度計により25℃で測定を行った。
ポリマーディスパージョンの50gを秤取し、マーロン型試験機にて荷重10kg、回転数1,000rpmで5分間処理し、生成した凝集物を80メッシュの金網でろ過し、残渣を水洗後、105℃で2時間乾燥し、その重量をディスパージョンの固形分に対する重量%で示した。なお、本測定において凝集物量が小さいほど、高せん断条件下におけるポリマーディスパージョンの安定性が高いことを意味する。
ポリマーディスパージョンを100mlのメスシリンダー(液深さ約140mm)に入れ、室温で一ヶ月間静置後、生成した上澄みの厚み(mm)を目視で計測した。この評価では、上澄みの厚さが小さいほど保存安定性に優れていることを意味する。
撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管を備えた反応器にトリデカフルオロオクタン−1−イル−メタクリレート50g、ステアリルアクリレート50g、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル30g、イオン交換水180g、表2に記載の乳化剤をセパラブルフラスコに入れて60℃に加温して15分撹拌した。その後、これを10分間超音波ホモジナイザーで乳化処理した。反応器内を窒素置換した後、ここにラウリルメルカプタン0.2g、2,2’−アゾビス(2−アミジノプロパン)2塩酸塩0.6gをイオン交換水10gに溶かした水溶液を添加し、60℃で5時間反応させて、固形分約30%のフッ素系ポリマーディスパージョンを得た。得られたポリマーディスパージョンを、基材(厚さ3mmの透明な芳香族ポリカーボネート樹脂板)にバーコーターを用いて塗工(ウエット厚さ16μm)して、105℃の熱風循環オーブン中で30分間保持することによりポリマーフィルムを作製した。得られたポリマーディスパージョン及びポリマーフィルムについて、以下の評価試験を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
上記ポリマーディスパージョンの一部を取り、動的光散乱式粒度分布測定装置(日機装株式会社製、製品名「MICROTRAC UPA9340」)にて粒子径を測定した。
上記ポリマーディスパージョン3.0gを500mlビーカーに採取して、硬度43の調整水297gを添加し、10%酢酸を用いてpHを4に調整した。これをウルトラミキサー(みづほ工業株式会社製)を用いて、液温40℃、2500rpmの条件で5分間撹拌した。予め黒色に染色したろ紙(5A、直径9cm)にて減圧濾過し、そのろ紙を室温で乾燥させた後、ろ紙の表面の凝集物の有無を目視で確認した。凝集物が全くないものを5点、凝集物の発生が著しいものを1点として5段階評価した。
ポリマーフィルム表面に純水液滴(2.0μL)を滴下して、接触角計(協和界面科学株式会社製、製品名「DropMaster 500」)を用いて、その接触角を測定した。
温度25℃、湿度60%RHで2時間保持したポリマーフィルムの表面に、油性インク(商品名「マジックインキ」)を付着させた後、クリーニングクロスで拭き取った。続いて、表面状態を確認し、下記の基準で評価した。
◎:油性インクの跡を全く確認できない。
○:油性インクの跡がわずかに確認できる。
×:油性インクの跡が簡単に確認できる。
モノマーとしてスチレン123.75g、アクリル酸ブチル123.75g、アクリル酸2.5gを、本発明品または比較品の乳化剤5.0g及びイオン交換水105gをホモミキサーで混合して混合モノマー乳濁液を調製した。これとは別に、撹拌機、還流冷却器、温度計、窒素導入管及び滴下漏斗を備えた反応器に、イオン交換水122g、炭酸水素ナトリウム0.25gを仕込んだ。滴下漏斗に上記事前調製した混合モノマー乳濁液のうち36gを仕込み、反応器に一括添加し、80℃に昇温させた。その後、15分間撹拌を継続した後に、重合開始剤として過硫酸アンモニウム0.5gをイオン交換水20gに溶解して加えて重合を開始させた。次いで、重合開始剤の添加15分後より3時間かけて、混合モノマー乳濁液の残りの324部を滴下して重合させた。さらに、続けて2時間熟成した後、冷却してアンモニア水でpHを8に調整した。得られたポリマーディスパージョン及びポリマーフィルムについて、以下の評価試験を行った。その詳細結果を表3に示す。
ポリマーディスパージョンを80メッシュの金網で乳化重合工程中に生成した凝集物をろ過して、ろ過残渣を水洗後、105℃で2時間乾燥し、その重量をディスパージョンの固形分に対する重量%で示した。なお、本測定において凝集物量が小さい程、乳化重合工程における重合安定性が高いことを意味する。
ポリマーディスパージョンの一部を取り、動的光散乱式粒度分布測定装置(日機装株式会社製、製品名「MICROTRAC UPA9340」)にて粒子径を測定した。
ポリマーディスパージョンの50gを秤取し、マーロン型試験機にて荷重10kg、回転数1,000rpmで5分間処理し、生成した凝集物を80メッシュの金網でろ過し、残渣を水洗後、105℃で2時間乾燥し、その重量をディスパージョンの固形分に対する重量%で示した。なお、本測定において凝集物量が小さいほど、高せん断条件下におけるポリマーディスパージョンの安定性が高いことを意味する。
ポリマーディスパージョンを水で2倍希釈し、100mlネスラー管に30ml入れ、30回倒立させてから静置5分後における泡の量(ml)を測定した。
ポリマーディスパージョンを市販のガラス板に膜厚120μm(dry)になるように塗布し、20℃×65%RHの雰囲気下で24時間乾燥させたものを25℃のイオン交換水に浸漬し、16ポイントの印刷文字の上にガラス板を置き、ポリマーフィルムを通して文字を透かして見たときに、その文字が判別できなくなるまでの日数を測定した。その結果を、以下の基準に基づいて評価した。
◎:21日以上
○:11日〜20日
△:1〜10日
×:1日未満
Claims (6)
- 次の一般式(I)で表される化合物を含有する界面活性剤。
- 前記一般式(I)において、Xは水素原子或いは−SO3M(式中、Mは水素原子、アルカリ金属原子、アルカリ土類金属原子、アンモニウム残基、又はアルカノールアミン残基を表す。)である請求項1に記載の界面活性剤。
- 前記一般式(I)において、Dが化学式D−1であり、かつオルト位に位置し、m1が1〜2の数であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の界面活性剤。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の界面活性剤を含有する乳化重合用乳化剤。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の界面活性剤の存在下、重合性モノマーを重合反応させて得られるポリマーディスパージョン。
- 前記重合反応が乳化重合であることを特徴とする、請求項5に記載のポリマーディスパージョン。
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