JP2015013129A - 透析装置用吸着剤 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
固定化された***毒素処理酵素粒子の1次層と、
10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する陽イオン交換粒子の2次層と、
3次層及び4次層であり、その少なくとも一方が陰イオン交換粒子を含み、他方の層が有機化合物吸収剤粒子を含む3次層及び4次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。一実施形態では、陽イオン交換粒子がアンモニア吸収剤である。陽イオン交換粒子は、そのリン酸塩が低水溶性である金属のイオンを含んでいてもよい。
有機化合物吸収粒子又は有機化合物吸収パッドの1次層と、
固定化された***毒素処理酵素粒子の2次層と、
非晶質の水不溶性金属リン酸塩をプロトン化及び/又はナトリウム対イオンの形で含む、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する陽イオン交換粒子の3次層と、
4次層及び5次層であり、その少なくとも一方が、非晶質の部分的に水和した水不溶性金属酸化物をその水酸化物、炭酸塩、酢酸塩、及び/又は乳酸塩の対イオンの形で含む、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの平均粒度を有する陰イオン交換粒子を含み、他方の層が、10〜1000ミクロンの平均粒度を有する有機化合物吸収剤粒子を含む4次層及び5次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
固定化された***毒素処理酵素粒子の1次層と、
そのリン酸塩が低水溶性である金属のイオンを含む、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する陽イオン交換粒子の2次層と、
陰イオン交換粒子の3次層と、
有機化合物吸収剤粒子の4次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
有機化合物吸収剤粒子又は有機化合物吸収剤パッドの1次層と、
固定化された***毒素処理酵素粒子の2次層と、
非晶質の水不溶性金属リン酸塩をプロトン化及び/又はナトリウム対イオンの形で含む、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する陽イオン交換粒子の3次層と、
陰イオン交換粒子の4次層と、
有機化合物吸収剤粒子の5次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
有機化合物吸収粒子又は有機化合物吸収パッドの1次層と、
陽イオン交換粒子と混合した固定化***毒素処理酵素粒子の2次層と、
陰イオン交換粒子と混合した陽イオン交換粒子の3次層と、
有機化合物吸収剤粒子の4次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
有機化合物吸収粒子又は有機化合物吸収パッドの1次層と、
陽イオン交換粒子及び陰イオン交換粒子と混合した固定化***毒素処理酵素粒子の2次層と、
有機化合物吸収剤粒子の3次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
有機化合物吸収粒子の1次層と、
陽イオン交換粒子及び陰イオン交換粒子と混合した固定化***毒素処理酵素粒子の2次層と
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
陽イオン交換粒子、陰イオン交換粒子、及び有機化合物吸収粒子と混合した固定化***毒素処理酵素粒子
を含む吸着剤が提供される。
本明細書で使用される以下の単語及び用語は、指示される意味を有するものとする。
透析装置用の吸着剤の、例示的な非限定的実施形態について、以下に開示する。吸着剤は、前記吸着剤に接触した流体から、尿素などの代謝廃棄物を除去することが可能であってもよい。
活性炭がクレアチニンを吸収する能力は、透析物の流量と、問題となっている炭素の粒度とに依存することが示される。重大なことは、粒度がより小さくなると、能力がより高くなり、圧力降下が増大する傾向があることである。許容される圧力降下と最大吸収能との間の最適条件は、下記の表に作成された実験結果に示されるように、50〜100μmの粒度範囲にある。
Calgon社製活性炭、第1のバッチ
条件:
Calgon社製活性炭、第2のバッチ
条件:
Sorb社製活性炭
条件:
本明細書に開示される吸着剤カートリッジは、使用済み透析物中に存在する尿素及びその他の廃棄物を除去するように設計され、透析中に繰り返し使用するためにその透析物を再生することが可能である。これにより、4時間の血液透析セッションで約120リットル、又は1週間の典型的な腹膜透析で70〜100リットルという、従来の様式で使用される透析物の量が減少することになる。血液透析では、カートリッジは、血液透析器内を通過することになる透析物を再生するのに、使用することができる。透析物は、透析における再構成及び連続使用のために、透析物のリザーバに再生することができる。腹膜透析では、カートリッジは、患者の腹腔から引き出された透析物を再生するのに、使用することができる。次いで再生された透析物は、再構成システムに供することができ、患者の腔内に再導入することが可能になる。
1.目的
インビトロ試験の目的は、吸着剤カートリッジの機能性を、患者の血液透析物の再生においてその適用例をシミュレートする条件下で検証することである。このために、患者の使用済み透析物を、連続血液透析を目的とした期待される濃度で***毒素尿素、クレアチニン、及びリン酸塩を含有する合成使用済み血液透析物に交換する。
試験は、37℃の透析物温度及び6.0L/時の連続流量で実施した。消耗は、再生された透析物の化学成分の少なくとも1種が許容される範囲外になった点と定義する(以下の3.2参照)。
消耗:カートリッジ流出物中のアンモニア濃度は、合計32Lの合成使用済み透析物が吸着剤カートリッジを通過した後、1.4mmol/L(2.0mg/dL)よりも高かった。その他全ての分析物は、許容限度内にあるままであった。
吸着剤カートリッジの性能は、使用済み血液透析物の再生で使用するために、上記3.2及び3.3で定義された全ての要件を満たし又は超えた。その全能力は、尿素−Nが5.3g、クレアチニンが750mg、及びリン酸塩−Pが710mgであった。
透析装置に関して開示された吸着剤は、腹膜透析又は血液透析に使用してもよい。開示された吸着剤は、透析装置で使用される場合、いくつかの知られている透析装置では通常は不可能なタンパク質結合毒素の除去が可能であることが有利である。
Claims (17)
- 透析液から代謝廃棄物を除去するための、陽イオン交換粒子と混合された固定化***毒素処理酵素粒子の1次層を含む吸着剤であって、
前記1次層の端から端までの透析物の圧力降下が前記陽イオン交換粒子のサイズに依存し、前記陽イオン交換粒子が、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する、吸着剤。 - 陽イオン交換粒子の2次層をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 有機化合物吸収剤粒子と混合された陰イオン交換粒子の3次層をさらに含む、請求項2に記載の吸着剤。
- 2次層が1次層と3次層の間に配置され、透析物が前記1次層から前記3次層の方向に流れる、請求項3に記載の吸着剤。
- ***毒素処理酵素粒子が尿素を炭酸アンモニウムに変換する、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- ***毒素処理酵素がウレアーゼである、請求項5に記載の吸着剤。
- 陽イオン交換粒子が、50ミクロン〜200ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する、請求項1に記載の吸着剤。
- 陽イオン交換粒子がリン酸ジルコニウム粒子である、請求項1又は2に記載の吸着剤。
- 陰イオン交換粒子が酸化ジルコニウム粒子である、請求項3に記載の吸着剤。
- 有機化合物吸収剤粒子が活性炭粒子である、請求項3に記載の吸着剤。
- ウレアーゼが、セルロース、ナイロン、ポリカプロラクトン、及びキトサンの少なくとも1種に固定化される、請求項6に記載の吸着剤。
- 酸化ジルコニウムが含水酸化ジルコニウムである、請求項9に記載の吸着剤。
- ウレアーゼ粒子が、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する、請求項6に記載の吸着剤。
- 酸化ジルコニウム粒子が、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の粒度を有する、請求項9に記載の吸着剤。
- 活性炭粒子が、10ミクロン〜1000ミクロンの範囲の平均粒度を有する、請求項10に記載の吸着剤。
- 陽イオン交換粒子がアンモニア吸収剤である、請求項1又は2に記載の吸着剤。
- 陽イオン交換粒子が、そのリン酸塩が低水溶性である金属のイオンを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の吸着剤。
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