JP2014198039A - Discoloration-resistant green tea and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Discoloration-resistant green tea and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP2014198039A
JP2014198039A JP2014009284A JP2014009284A JP2014198039A JP 2014198039 A JP2014198039 A JP 2014198039A JP 2014009284 A JP2014009284 A JP 2014009284A JP 2014009284 A JP2014009284 A JP 2014009284A JP 2014198039 A JP2014198039 A JP 2014198039A
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green tea
tea
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JP6288761B2 (en
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幸平 松本
Kohei Matsumoto
幸平 松本
寛 北條
Hiroshi Hojo
寛 北條
南条 文雄
Fumio Nanjo
文雄 南条
涼太 山西
Ryota Yamanishi
涼太 山西
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Mitsui Norin Co Ltd
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a green tea excellent in color tone stability and flavor stability during storage, enabling the brilliant green color, flavor, and other active ingredients inherent to green leaves to be preserved.SOLUTION: The manufacturing method of a green tea includes adding one or more alkaline solutions selected from sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide in a manufacturing process of dried tea leaves. The produced green tea is pulverized, to which water in an amount of 133 times the weight of tea leaves is added to make a suspension. On that occasion, the pH is adjusted to the range of 6.8 to 8.0. Consequently a green tea excellent in color tone stability and flavor stability during storage can be provided, enabling the brilliant green color, flavor, and other active ingredients inherent to green leaves to be preserved.

Description

本発明は、緑色の保存安定性だけでなく風味安定性にも優れた緑茶の製造方法、その緑茶および当該緑茶を添加した飲食品に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing green tea that is excellent not only in green storage stability but also in flavor stability, the green tea, and food and drink to which the green tea is added.

緑茶は従来から飲料として親しまれてきたが、それ以外でも和菓子をはじめ洋菓子や冷菓など様々な食品へ風味付けや色付けを目的とした食品素材としても使用されている。特に、抹茶は特有の甘い香りと爽やかな苦味そして鮮やかな緑色を有しているため、その用途は広がりつつある。さらに最近では、抹茶だけでなく煎茶、玉露、番茶などを粉末化し抹茶様とした、いわゆる粉末緑茶も抹茶と同様の用途に広く使用され始めている。
しかし、これら抹茶などの粉末緑茶は、保存中に温度、水分および光などの影響によりその鮮やかな緑色が変化し褐変化する、いわゆる退色の問題がある。粉末緑茶の商品価値はその鮮やかな緑色に依存するといっても過言ではなく、退色した粉末緑茶ではその商品価値を失ってしまう。特に、食品素材として粉末緑茶を使用している場合、その鮮やかな緑色を前面に押し出していることが多いことから、飲料だけでなく食品においても緑色の鮮やかな粉末緑茶製品が好まれており、その鮮やかな緑色を長期間保持することが望まれている。また、粉末緑茶の風味も保存により劣化してしまうため、保存時の緑色安定性だけでなく風味安定性も優れた粉末緑茶の開発が望まれている。このような背景から、緑茶の緑色の安定性を高めるための方法がいくつか提案されてきている。
Green tea has long been popular as a beverage, but it is also used as a food material for flavoring and coloring various foods such as Japanese confectionery, Western confectionery and cold confectionery. In particular, matcha has a unique sweet scent, a refreshing bitterness, and a bright green color, so its use is expanding. More recently, so-called powdered green tea, which has been powdered not only with matcha but also with sencha, gyokuro, bancha, etc., has become widely used for the same purposes as matcha.
However, powdered green teas such as these matcha teas have the problem of so-called fading, in which the vivid green color changes and browns during storage due to the effects of temperature, moisture and light. It is no exaggeration to say that the commercial value of powdered green tea depends on its vivid green color. In particular, when powdered green tea is used as a food material, the vivid green color is often pushed to the front, so green powdered green tea products are favored not only for beverages but also for foods. It is desired to keep the vivid green color for a long time. Moreover, since the flavor of powdered green tea is also deteriorated by storage, development of powdered green tea that is excellent not only in green stability during storage but also in flavor stability is desired. Against this background, several methods for increasing the green stability of green tea have been proposed.

例えば、非特許文献1には野菜(グリーンピース、サヤインゲン、ソラマメ、枝豆など)を2%の炭酸ナトリウム溶液に室温で30〜60分間浸漬することによってpHを高め、クロロフィルの分解を防止する方法が記載されている。しかしながら、茶葉でこのような方法を採用すると、茶葉に含まれるアミノ酸、カフェイン、カテキンなどの茶葉の風味に大きく寄与する成分が溶出してしまい、緑色は保持できたとしても従来の緑茶の持つ風味を著しく低下させてしまうという大きな欠点がある。特許文献1には、ミネラル含有乳酸菌をクロロフィル含有食品の加熱時に共存させて、当該食品の緑色の退色を防止しまたは退色した緑色を復元する方法が開示され、クロロフィル含有食品として緑茶や抹茶が例示されている。しかし、本文献では最終製品である緑茶や抹茶をミネラル含有乳酸菌の共存下に再加熱処理するため処理直後の緑色が低下してしまうという欠点があり、また乳酸菌を添加するため緑茶や抹茶の持つ風味を損ねてしまうというという問題がある。
特許文献2には、水に電解質として塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム、乳酸カルシウムの内の一つを少量添加してアルカリイオン水生成器により作ったアルカリイオン水に茶葉蒸熱前に茶葉を浸漬、または同アルカリイオン水を茶葉蒸熱前に葉面噴霧もしくは茶葉蒸熱時に蒸し機内に滴下することで、緑茶の製造工程の変質を防止して、鮮やかな緑色に色相を改善する緑茶の製造方法が開示されている。また、特許文献3には荒茶製造工程の蒸熱工程においてアルカリイオン水などの弱アルカリ性に調整された水(pH7.3〜7.5)を使用して製造した荒茶に気流式粉砕機を使用することを特徴とする粉末茶の製造方法が開示されている。そして、このようにして製造した粉末茶は、お湯または水で溶いたときにダマにならず、長時間経っても褐変が生じないことが記載されている。しかしながら、荒茶製造工程におけるアルカリイオン水や弱アルカリ性に調整された水での処理では、長期間の保存時の緑色安定性を確保することは困難である。特許文献4には、抹茶粉末の分散液にマグネシウム化合物を添加し、その分散液のpHを7.0〜8.0に調整して噴霧乾燥または凍結乾燥することによって抹茶を製造する方法が開示され、該方法で製造した抹茶は退色や変色防止効果を持つことが示されている。しかし、本方法では一旦製造した抹茶を溶解しなければならないばかりかマグネシウム化合物を添加しなければならず、処理前の抹茶がもつ色調や風味を大きく損なう恐れがある。さらに、特許文献5には生茶葉を加熱処理前に、または、加熱処理の後に、或いは、加熱処理と同時にトレハロースと接触させることを特徴とする緑茶組成物の製造方法が開示され、この方法により通常の緑茶及び表面積が大きい粉末状乃至粒状の緑茶においても酸化を防止して、緑茶の変色を阻止できることが記載されている。しかし、トレハロースによる酸化防止効果は限定的であり、長期保存時の緑色安定性の維持については十分な検証が行われていない。また、特許文献6にはアスコルビン酸溶液またはアスコルビン酸ナトリウム溶液に粉末茶を浸漬させた後、茶抽出液或いは茶抽出液の濃縮液に該粉末茶を添加し乾燥させたインスタント緑茶では、保管中における光劣化による退色や変質臭の発生を抑制できることが開示されているが、粉末茶自体に対する退色及び変質臭抑制効果については全く開示されていない。
For example, Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a method for preventing degradation of chlorophyll by increasing the pH by immersing vegetables (green peas, green beans, broad beans, green soybeans, etc.) in a 2% sodium carbonate solution at room temperature for 30 to 60 minutes. Have been described. However, when such a method is used in tea leaves, amino acids contained in tea leaves, caffeine, catechins and other components that greatly contribute to the flavor of tea leaves are eluted, and even though the green color can be retained, it has the same properties as conventional green tea There is a major drawback that it significantly reduces the flavor. Patent Document 1 discloses a method of coexisting a mineral-containing lactic acid bacterium at the time of heating a chlorophyll-containing food to prevent the fading of the green color of the food or restore the faded green, and examples of the chlorophyll-containing food include green tea and matcha tea. Has been. However, in this document, green tea and green tea, which are the final products, are reheated in the presence of mineral-containing lactic acid bacteria, so the green color immediately after the treatment decreases, and because lactic acid bacteria are added, green tea and green tea have There is a problem that the flavor is impaired.
In Patent Document 2, a small amount of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or calcium lactate as an electrolyte is added to water and the tea leaves are immersed in alkaline ionized water produced by an alkaline ionized water generator before the tea leaves are steamed. A method for producing green tea is disclosed in which alkaline ionized water is dripped into the steaming machine during leaf surface spraying or tea leaf steaming prior to steaming of tea leaves, thereby preventing alteration of the green tea manufacturing process and improving the hue to a bright green color. Yes. Patent Document 3 discloses an air-flow-type crusher for crude tea produced using water (pH 7.3 to 7.5) adjusted to weak alkalinity such as alkali ion water in the steaming process of the crude tea production process. A method for producing powdered tea, characterized in that it is used, is disclosed. And it is described that the powdered tea produced in this way does not become lumpy when dissolved in hot water or water and does not brown even after a long time. However, it is difficult to ensure green stability during long-term storage by treatment with alkaline ionized water or weakly alkaline water in the crude tea production process. Patent Document 4 discloses a method for producing matcha tea by adding a magnesium compound to a dispersion of powdered green tea powder, adjusting the pH of the dispersion to 7.0 to 8.0, and spray drying or freeze drying. It has been shown that the matcha tea produced by this method has an effect of preventing fading and discoloration. However, in this method, not only the green tea once produced must be dissolved, but also a magnesium compound must be added, which may greatly impair the color and flavor of the green tea before processing. Furthermore, Patent Document 5 discloses a method for producing a green tea composition characterized in that fresh tea leaves are brought into contact with trehalose before, after, or simultaneously with the heat treatment. It is described that oxidation can be prevented even in ordinary green tea and powdery or granular green tea having a large surface area, and discoloration of green tea can be prevented. However, the antioxidant effect of trehalose is limited, and sufficient verification has not been conducted for maintaining green stability during long-term storage. Patent Document 6 discloses that instant green tea in which powdered tea is immersed in an ascorbic acid solution or sodium ascorbate solution and then dried by adding the powdered tea to a concentrated liquid of tea extract or tea extract is stored. Although it is disclosed that fading due to light deterioration and generation of a denatured odor can be suppressed, no discoloration and denatured odor suppressing effect on powdered tea itself is disclosed.

食品の変色の化学、株式会社光琳、1995年、p182Food Discoloration Chemistry, Korin Co., Ltd., 1995, p182

特開2006−217914号JP 2006-217914 A 特開平10−215768号JP-A-10-215768 特開2006−204137号JP 2006-204137 A 特開2012−60928号JP2012-60928A 特許第3889240号Patent No. 3889240 特許第4287395号Japanese Patent No. 4287395

従って、本発明の課題は、長期保存しても緑色安定性だけでなく風味安定性にも優れた緑茶の製造方法、該緑茶及び該緑茶を添加した飲食品を提供することである。 Therefore, the subject of this invention is providing the manufacturing method of the green tea which was excellent not only in green stability but also flavor stability even if it preserve | saved for a long period of time, and the food / beverage products which added this green tea.

本発明者らは、前記課題を解決すべく、茶葉の処理方法について鋭意検討を重ねた結果、緑茶の原料となる荒茶の製造工程において、重曹、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムから選ばれる一種または二種以上のアルカリ溶液を添加することにより、得られる緑茶を粉砕して133倍量の重量の水を加えて懸濁液とした際にpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲となるよう上記アルカリ性溶液の濃度及び液量を調整することで、長期保存において緑色の退色および風味の劣化が起こらず、かつ緑茶本来の鮮やかな緑色および風味を保持した緑茶が得られることを見出した。また、アルカリ性溶液にアスコルビン酸またはその塩を加えることで緑茶の緑色がさらに改善できること、アルカリ性溶液にトレハロースを加えることで緑茶の風味がさらに改善されることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have made extensive studies on a method for treating tea leaves. As a result, in the production process of crude tea used as a raw material for green tea, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, water By adding one or two or more alkaline solutions selected from potassium oxide, the green tea obtained is pulverized, and 133 times the weight of water is added to form a suspension, resulting in a pH of 6.8-8. By adjusting the concentration and volume of the alkaline solution so that it is in the range of 0.0, green tea with no green fading and flavor deterioration during long-term storage and green tea with the original vivid green color and flavor can be obtained. I found out that Further, it was found that the green color of green tea can be further improved by adding ascorbic acid or a salt thereof to the alkaline solution, and that the flavor of green tea can be further improved by adding trehalose to the alkaline solution, and the present invention has been completed. .

すなわち、請求項1記載の本発明は、荒茶の製造工程において、重曹、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、および水酸化カリウムから選ばれる一種または二種以上のアルカリ性溶液を添加する緑茶の製造方法であって、得られる緑茶を粉砕して133倍量の重量の水を加えて懸濁液とした際にpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲となるよう調整する緑茶の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項2記載の本発明は、請求項1で得られる緑茶の水分量が5.0重量%未満である緑茶の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項3記載の本発明は、アルカリ性溶液を添加する工程が、蒸熱前から冷却工程前までである請求項1または2に記載の緑茶の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項4記載の本発明は、アルカリ性溶液が、アスコルビン酸、その塩、およびトレハロースの少なくともいずれかを含有したものである請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項5記載の本発明は、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって得られる緑茶を粉砕する粉末緑茶の製造方法を提供するものである。
請求項6記載の本発明は、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって得られる緑茶を添加する飲食品の製造方法を提供するものである。
また、請求項7記載の本発明は、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で得られる緑茶を提供するものである。
さらに、請求項8記載の本発明は、緑茶を粉砕して133倍の重量の水を加えて懸濁液とした際のpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲となる緑茶(ただし、マグネシウム化合物を添加した抹茶を除く)を提供するものである。
請求項9記載の本発明は、緑茶の水分量が5重量%未満である請求項8記載の緑茶を提供するものである。
請求項10記載の本発明は、アスコルビン酸、その塩、およびトレハロースの少なくともいずれかを添加して得られる請求項8または9に記載の緑茶を提供するものである。
請求項11記載の本発明は、茶葉中のカフェイン含量が1.50重量%以上である請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶を提供するものである。
請求項12記載の本発明は、請求項7から11のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶を粉砕して得られる粉末緑茶を提供するものである。
請求項13記載の本発明は、請求項7から12のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶を添加した飲食品を提供するものである。
請求項14記載の本発明は、粉末飲料である請求項13記載の飲食品を提供するものである。
That is, the present invention according to claim 1 is a green tea to which one or more alkaline solutions selected from baking soda, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide are added in the production process of crude tea. A method for producing green tea, wherein the obtained green tea is pulverized and added with 133 times the weight of water to form a suspension to adjust the pH to be in the range of 6.8 to 8.0. Is to provide.
The present invention according to claim 2 provides a method for producing green tea, wherein the water content of the green tea obtained in claim 1 is less than 5.0% by weight.
The present invention according to claim 3 provides the method for producing green tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of adding the alkaline solution is from before steaming to before the cooling step.
The present invention according to claim 4 provides the method for producing green tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alkaline solution contains at least one of ascorbic acid, a salt thereof, and trehalose. To do.
The present invention according to claim 5 provides a method for producing powdered green tea for pulverizing green tea obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
This invention of Claim 6 provides the manufacturing method of the food / beverage products which add the green tea obtained by the manufacturing method as described in any one of Claim 1 to 5.
Moreover, this invention of Claim 7 provides the green tea obtained by the manufacturing method as described in any one of Claims 1-5.
Furthermore, the present invention according to claim 8 is a green tea having a pH of 6.8 to 8.0 when pulverizing green tea and adding 133 times the weight of water to form a suspension (however, magnesium (Excluding Matcha with added compounds).
The present invention according to claim 9 provides the green tea according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the green tea is less than 5% by weight.
The present invention according to claim 10 provides the green tea according to claim 8 or 9 obtained by adding at least one of ascorbic acid, a salt thereof, and trehalose.
The present invention according to claim 11 provides the green tea according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the content of caffeine in the tea leaves is 1.50% by weight or more.
The present invention according to claim 12 provides powdered green tea obtained by pulverizing the green tea according to any one of claims 7 to 11.
This invention of Claim 13 provides the food-drinks which added the green tea as described in any one of Claims 7-12.
The present invention according to claim 14 provides the food or drink according to claim 13, which is a powdered beverage.

長期保存しても緑色安定性だけでなく風味安定性にも優れた緑茶を製造することが可能となり、また本発明の緑茶は緑色安定性及び風味安定性に優れていることから、該緑茶及び該緑茶を添加した飲食品では賞味期限の延長が可能となる。 It becomes possible to produce green tea that is excellent not only in green stability but also in flavor stability even after long-term storage, and the green tea of the present invention is excellent in green stability and flavor stability. In the food and drink to which the green tea is added, the expiration date can be extended.

以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
本発明において原料として適用される茶葉とは、茶樹(Camellia sinensis var. sinensisやCamellia sinensis var. assamica、またはこれらの雑種)から得られる葉および茎などを指し、その品種、産地、摘採時期、栽培方法などは限定されない。また、生葉とは加熱処理を行っていない茶葉であり、蒸し葉とは生葉を蒸気で加熱する蒸熱工程や加熱した釜で処理する釜炒り工程などを経て酵素を失活させた茶葉を示す。さらに、緑茶とは摘採後の茶葉に加熱処理を行うことで醗酵を止めた不醗酵茶全てを指し、具体的には煎茶、深蒸し茶、番茶、玉露、碾茶、抹茶などが挙げられる。本発明においては、特に覆下栽培された茶葉を用いることが色調、風味の点から好ましい。また、凍結保存した生葉も利用できる。凍結方法は、従来公知の任意の方法を用いることができ、例えば、茶葉を冷凍庫などの低温雰囲気下に置いたり、冷媒を吹き付けて凍結させたりしても良い。凍結処理温度は−30℃以下であることが生葉の品質を保持する上で好ましい。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
The tea leaves applied as a raw material in the present invention refer to leaves and stems obtained from tea trees (Camellia sinensis var. Sinensis and Camellia sinensis var. Assamica, or hybrids thereof), and their varieties, production areas, harvesting time, cultivation The method is not limited. The fresh leaves are tea leaves that have not been heat-treated, and the steamed leaves are tea leaves that have been inactivated by the enzyme through a steaming process in which the fresh leaves are heated with steam, a kettle roasting process in which the fresh leaves are treated with a heated kettle, or the like. Furthermore, green tea refers to all non-fermented teas that have been fermented by heat-treating the tea leaves after plucking, and specifically include sencha, deep-steamed tea, bancha, gyokuro, strawberry tea, matcha tea, and the like. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of color tone and flavor to use tea leaves grown under cover. In addition, fresh frozen leaves can be used. As the freezing method, any conventionally known method can be used. For example, tea leaves may be placed in a low-temperature atmosphere such as a freezer or may be frozen by spraying a refrigerant. The freezing treatment temperature is preferably −30 ° C. or lower for maintaining the quality of fresh leaves.

一般的に緑茶とは原料の生葉から荒茶が作られ、火入れなどの仕上げ工程を経て最終的に乾燥されたものである。一般的な荒茶の製造工程は、原料生葉を蒸気にて加熱して酵素を失活させる「蒸熱工程」、蒸し葉を冷却する「冷却工程」、蒸し葉の水分を取り除く「葉打ち工程」、熱風を当て揉みながら乾かす「粗揉工程」、十分に揉んで葉の繊維や組織を柔らかくして茶葉を均一化させる「揉捻工程」、再度揉みながら熱風で乾燥させる「中揉工程」、整形しながら乾かす「精揉工程」、茶葉の水分量を数%程度までに乾燥させる「乾燥工程」からなるものである。条件によっては「蒸熱工程」後または「冷却工程」後に、蒸し葉を程よく打圧することで緑茶の色調を良くする「打圧工程」を行う場合もある。また、一般的な仕上げ工程では、荒茶に含まれる茎や粉茶を取り除いて茶葉の形や大きさを揃えて外観を整え、再乾燥して水分を2〜3%以下にして劣化を防ぎ、再火入れによって香りと旨さを引き出す「仕上げ工程」を経て最終的に乾燥された緑茶となる。緑茶の種類によっては、碾茶のように覆下栽培された生茶葉を蒸熱処理し冷却工程後、蒸し葉を直ちに乾燥させたものや、モガ茶のように揉念工程や精揉工程を省略したもの、また釜炒り茶のように蒸気を用いずに釜などで原料生葉を直接加熱したものもある。しかし、本発明の緑茶とは、上記の一般的な緑茶だけでなく荒茶、碾茶、釜炒り茶、モガ茶など生葉を加熱処理して酵素を失活させる工程を経て乾燥された不発酵茶のすべてを含むものである。
また、本発明の粉末緑茶とは、碾茶を石臼などで粉末状にした抹茶をはじめ、荒茶、粗揉茶、モガ茶、煎茶および玉露などいかなる緑茶を粉末化したものも包含する。本発明に従えば、長期間保存しても緑色安定性および風味安定性に優れた粉末緑茶となる。
Generally, green tea is made from raw raw leaves and finally dried after finishing processes such as burning. In general, the production process of crude tea is a “steaming process” in which raw leaves are heated with steam to deactivate the enzyme, a “cooling process” in which steamed leaves are cooled, and a “leafing process” in which steamed leaves are dehydrated. `` Roughing process '' that dries while hot air is applied, `` Rounding process '' that softens the fibers and tissues of the leaves sufficiently to soften the leaves and homogenizes the tea leaves, `` Medium process '' that dries with hot air while mixing again, shaping It consists of a “sewing process” that dries while drying, and a “drying process” that dries the water content of tea leaves to about several percent. Depending on conditions, after the “steaming process” or “cooling process”, a “striking process” may be performed in which the steamed leaves are moderately pressed to improve the color tone of green tea. Also, in the general finishing process, the stem and powdered tea contained in the rough tea are removed, the shape and size of the tea leaves are aligned, the appearance is adjusted, and the moisture is reduced to 2-3% or less to prevent deterioration. The green tea is finally dried through a “finishing process” that draws out the fragrance and flavor by re-firing. Depending on the type of green tea, the raw tea leaves grown under cover like strawberry tea were steamed and heat-treated, and then the steamed leaves were dried immediately. There are also products such as kettle roasted tea where raw raw leaves are heated directly in a kettle without using steam. However, the green tea of the present invention is not only the above-mentioned general green tea but also unfermented tea dried through a process of heat-treating fresh leaves such as rough tea, strawberry tea, kettle roasted tea, moga tea, etc. It includes everything.
In addition, the powdered green tea of the present invention includes powdered green tea such as matcha tea obtained by pulverizing strawberry tea with a stone mill or the like, as well as rough tea, crude coffee, moga tea, sencha and gyokuro. According to the present invention, it becomes a powdered green tea excellent in green stability and flavor stability even when stored for a long period of time.

本発明における、荒茶の製造工程において、添加するアルカリ性溶液の濃度や液量は、茶葉の種類や茶期、茶葉の硬さなどによって異なるが、添加後に乾燥させた緑茶の粉砕物重量に対し、133倍量の水を加えて得られる懸濁液のpHが6.8〜8.0となる量が好ましく、より好ましくはpH6.9〜7.9、さらに好ましくはpH7.1〜7.7、最も好ましくはpH7.2〜7.4となる量である。pHが当該範囲より低いと所望の緑色安定性が得られず、pHが当該範囲より高いとエグミや異臭などが生じてしまい茶葉本来の風味を損ねてしまう。よって、pHが7.0を超え8.0以下である範囲が好ましいといえる。   In the production process of crude tea in the present invention, the concentration and amount of the alkaline solution to be added vary depending on the type of tea leaf, tea season, tea leaf hardness, etc., but with respect to the weight of the crushed green tea dried after addition The amount of the suspension obtained by adding 133 times the amount of water is preferably 6.8 to 8.0, more preferably 6.9 to 7.9, and even more preferably 7.1 to 7. 7. Most preferably, the amount is pH 7.2-7.4. If the pH is lower than the range, the desired green stability cannot be obtained, and if the pH is higher than the range, an agglomerate, a strange odor, etc. are generated and the original flavor of the tea leaves is impaired. Therefore, it can be said that the range in which the pH exceeds 7.0 and is 8.0 or less is preferable.

本発明におけるアルカリ性溶液とは、重曹、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウムなどのアルカリ性添加剤を溶媒に溶かしたものであり、なかでも重曹、炭酸ナトリウムおよび炭酸カリウムが好ましい。これらを一種または二種以上組み合わせたアルカリ性溶液を荒茶の製造工程において茶葉に添加する。   The alkaline solution in the present invention is a solution obtained by dissolving an alkaline additive such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide in a solvent, and sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate are particularly preferable. The alkaline solution which combined these 1 type, or 2 or more types is added to a tea leaf in the manufacturing process of rough tea.

荒茶工程において添加する上記アルカリ性溶液の添加量は、添加後の茶葉の乾燥粉砕物重量に対し133倍量の水を加えて得られる懸濁液のpHが6.8〜8.0となる量であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、重曹の場合は、2〜10重量%の重曹溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して5〜25重量部添加すればよい。炭酸ナトリウムの場合は、2〜30重量%の炭酸ナトリウム溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して1〜10重量部添加すればよい。炭酸カリウムの場合は、2〜50重量%の炭酸カリウム溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して0.6〜10重量部添加すればよい。
また、炭酸カリウムは水への溶解性が高く、重曹と比較して溶液のpHも高めであるため、二番茶後期や三番茶、さらに秋冬番茶などの比較的硬い茶葉に適している。さらに、炭酸カリウムは重曹や炭酸ナトリウムなどのナトリウム塩独特の金属味が少ないことから、風味の点でもより好ましい。
これらアルカリ性添加剤を組み合わせて使用する場合、それぞれの添加濃度範囲にて適宜調整すればよい。
The amount of the alkaline solution added in the crude tea step is such that the pH of the suspension obtained by adding 133 times the amount of water to the dry crushed weight of the tea leaves after the addition is 6.8 to 8.0. Although it will not specifically limit if it is an amount, For example, in the case of baking soda, a 2-10 weight% baking soda solution should just add 5-25 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of fresh leaves or steamed leaves. In the case of sodium carbonate, 1 to 10 parts by weight of a 2 to 30% by weight sodium carbonate solution may be added to 100 parts by weight of fresh leaves or steamed leaves. In the case of potassium carbonate, 0.6 to 10 parts by weight of a 2 to 50% by weight potassium carbonate solution may be added to 100 parts by weight of fresh leaves or steamed leaves.
In addition, potassium carbonate is highly soluble in water and has a higher pH than that of baking soda, so it is suitable for relatively hard tea leaves such as the second and third teas, and the fall and winter teas. Furthermore, potassium carbonate is more preferable in terms of flavor because it has a metal taste unique to sodium salts such as sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
What is necessary is just to adjust suitably in each addition concentration range, when using combining these alkaline additives.

本発明は、抗酸化剤であるアスコルビン酸および/またはその塩を茶葉に添加してもよい。アスコルビン酸および/またはその塩の添加により、製造工程における緑茶の退色をさらに抑制することができ、緑茶本来の緑色をより良く保持することができる。アスコルビン酸またはその塩の添加量は、特に限定するものではないが、0.5〜5.0重量%のアスコルビン酸および/またはその塩溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して1〜30重量部添加すればよい。アスコルビン酸および/またはその塩は、上記アルカリ性溶液に含有させて茶葉に添加することが好ましい。   In the present invention, ascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof, which is an antioxidant, may be added to tea leaves. By adding ascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof, fading of green tea in the production process can be further suppressed, and the original green color of green tea can be better maintained. The addition amount of ascorbic acid or a salt thereof is not particularly limited, but 0.5 to 5.0% by weight of ascorbic acid and / or a salt solution thereof is 1 to 30 with respect to 100 parts by weight of fresh leaves or steamed leaves. What is necessary is just to add a weight part. Ascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof is preferably added to the tea leaves by being contained in the alkaline solution.

本発明では、トレハロースを茶葉に添加してもよい。トレハロースを添加することにより、緑茶本来の風味をより良く保持することができる。トレハロースの添加量は、特に限定するものではないが、1.0〜30重量%のトレハロース溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して1〜25重量部添加すればよい。トレハロースは、上記アルカリ性溶液に含有させて茶葉に添加することが好ましいが、緑茶を粉砕した粉末緑茶に粉体として適宜配合してもよい。   In the present invention, trehalose may be added to the tea leaves. By adding trehalose, the original flavor of green tea can be better maintained. The amount of trehalose added is not particularly limited, but a 1.0 to 30% by weight trehalose solution may be added in an amount of 1 to 25 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of fresh leaves or steamed leaves. Trehalose is preferably contained in the alkaline solution and added to the tea leaves, but may be appropriately blended as a powder in powdered green tea obtained by pulverizing green tea.

さらに本発明においては、アスコルビン酸および/またはその塩とトレハロースを溶解したアルカリ性溶液を荒茶製造工程中に添加することができる。このアルカリ性溶液の添加により、製造直後の緑色の色相が向上するばかりでなく、製造した緑茶(荒茶)やその粉砕物である粉末緑茶の香味を向上させる効果がある。茶葉に添加するアルカリ性溶液中のアスコルビン酸および/またはその塩やトレハロースの濃度は特に限定されないが、例を挙げればアスコルビン酸および/またはその塩では0.5〜5.0重量%程度、トレハロースでは1.0〜30重量%程度であればよく、このアスコルビン酸および/またはその塩とトレハロースを溶解したアルカリ性溶液を生葉または蒸し葉100重量部に対して1〜30重量部添加すればよい。   Furthermore, in the present invention, an alkaline solution in which ascorbic acid and / or a salt thereof and trehalose are dissolved can be added during the crude tea production process. The addition of this alkaline solution not only improves the green hue immediately after production, but also has the effect of improving the flavor of the produced green tea (raw tea) and powdered green tea that is a pulverized product thereof. The concentration of ascorbic acid and / or its salt or trehalose in the alkaline solution added to the tea leaves is not particularly limited. For example, ascorbic acid and / or its salt is about 0.5 to 5.0% by weight. What is necessary is just about 1.0-30 weight%, and what is necessary is just to add 1-30 weight part of alkaline solutions which melt | dissolved this ascorbic acid and / or its salt, and trehalose with respect to 100 weight part of fresh leaves or steamed leaves.

茶葉にアルカリ性溶液を添加するタイミングは荒茶の製造工程であれば何れのタイミングであっても良いが、冷却工程より後に添加すると以降の製造工程において茶葉が形状不良および乾燥不良になる可能性があるため、蒸熱前の生葉、蒸熱中の茶葉あるいは蒸熱後から冷却までの工程中の茶葉に添加するのが好ましく、蒸熱工程の直前または途中がさらに好ましく、蒸熱工程の直前が最も好ましい。なお、茶葉の蒸熱処理条件は、茶葉の品種、摘採時期、生葉の大きさや硬さなどによって蒸熱温度、蒸気量、蒸熱時間などの装置条件を従来技術の範囲で適宜設定すれば良い。 The timing of adding the alkaline solution to the tea leaves may be any timing as long as it is a manufacturing process of crude tea, but if added after the cooling process, the tea leaves may become defective in shape and drying in the subsequent manufacturing process. Therefore, it is preferably added to fresh leaves before steaming, tea leaves during steaming, or tea leaves in the process from steaming to cooling, more preferably immediately before or during the steaming process, most preferably immediately before the steaming process. In addition, as for the steaming heat treatment conditions of tea leaves, apparatus conditions such as steaming temperature, steam amount and steaming time may be appropriately set within the range of the prior art depending on tea leaf varieties, picking time, size and hardness of fresh leaves, and the like.

上記アルカリ性添加剤、抗酸化剤およびトレハロースを溶かす溶媒の種類は特に限定するものではないが、これらを容易に溶解できる点で、水道水、イオン交換水、純水が良い。
アルカリ性溶液や抗酸化剤および/またはトレハロースを含有するアルカリ性溶液は、噴霧スプレーや送液ポンプなどの当業者に公知の装置または道具を用いて茶葉に添加すれば良い。また、添加時の上記溶液の温度は特に指定するものではなく、例えば5〜40℃などその製造環境と同程度の温度であれば良い。
なお、本発明の緑茶を製造する場合、生葉や蒸熱処理茶葉を常温の水、温水、熱水などに浸漬して処理することも可能であるが、茶葉中の成分が溶出してしまい緑茶本来の風味(味、香り)を損なうような条件は避ける必要がある。本発明の緑茶においては、苦味など緑茶本来の風味に寄与する茶葉中のカフェインの含量が、1.50重量%以上であることが好ましく、2.00重量%以上であることがより好ましく、2.50重量%以上であることがさらに好ましい。
The kind of the solvent for dissolving the alkaline additive, antioxidant and trehalose is not particularly limited, but tap water, ion-exchanged water and pure water are preferable because they can be easily dissolved.
What is necessary is just to add the alkaline solution containing an alkaline solution, an antioxidant, and / or trehalose to tea leaves using an apparatus or a tool known to those skilled in the art such as a spray spray or a liquid feed pump. Further, the temperature of the solution at the time of addition is not particularly specified, and may be any temperature such as 5 to 40 ° C., which is comparable to the production environment.
When producing the green tea of the present invention, it is possible to treat fresh leaves or steamed tea leaves by immersing them in room temperature water, warm water, hot water, etc. It is necessary to avoid conditions that impair the flavor (flavor, fragrance). In the green tea of the present invention, the content of caffeine in the tea leaves contributing to the original flavor of green tea such as bitterness is preferably 1.50% by weight or more, more preferably 2.00% by weight or more, More preferably, it is 50% by weight or more.

アルカリ性添加剤、抗酸化剤またはトレハロースを含有する溶液を添加する方法は、噴霧スプレー、シャワーノズルや送液ポンプなどの当業者に公知の機械または道具を用いて吹き付けまたは滴下などによって行えば良い。また、添加する際の水溶液の温度は特に指定するものではなく、例えば5〜40℃などその製造環境と同程度の温度であれば良い。
アルカリ処理後の茶葉の乾燥方法は、従来から使用されている方法でよく、小型熱風乾燥機、ドラムドライヤー、コンベア式熱風乾燥機、スチームチューブドライヤー、凍結乾燥機又は気流式乾燥機等による乾燥方法が挙げられる。また、乾燥条件としては、加熱乾燥の場合は温度60〜195℃、2分〜2時間、茶葉の水分量が所望する範囲となるよう適宜調整する。
乾燥後の茶葉の水分量は、乾燥減量法で測定した。具体的には、105℃、4時間乾燥前後の重量を測定して算出した。
本発明の緑茶の水分量は、乾燥後の茶葉重量に対し5.0重量%未満が好ましい。0.5重量%以上4.5重量%以下であることがより好ましく、1.0重量%以上4.0重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。水分量が5.0重量%以上の場合は、茶葉の退色抑制効果が極めて弱く、また、0.5重量%未満の場合は、乾燥工程中に茶葉自体がこげ等の変色を起こし、緑の色調が損なわれる可能性がある。
A method of adding a solution containing an alkaline additive, an antioxidant, or trehalose may be carried out by spraying or dripping using a machine or tool known to those skilled in the art such as a spray spray, a shower nozzle or a liquid feed pump. Moreover, the temperature of the aqueous solution at the time of addition is not particularly specified, and may be any temperature such as 5 to 40 ° C. that is comparable to the production environment.
The drying method of the tea leaves after the alkali treatment may be a conventionally used method, such as a small hot air dryer, drum dryer, conveyor type hot air dryer, steam tube dryer, freeze dryer or airflow dryer. Is mentioned. Moreover, as drying conditions, in the case of heat drying, it adjusts suitably so that the water | moisture content of a tea leaf may become the range which the temperature 60-195 degreeC and 2 minutes-2 hours want.
The moisture content of the tea leaves after drying was measured by the loss on drying method. Specifically, the weight before and after drying at 105 ° C. for 4 hours was measured and calculated.
The water content of the green tea of the present invention is preferably less than 5.0% by weight based on the weight of the tea leaves after drying. It is more preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 4.5% by weight or less, and further preferably 1.0% by weight or more and 4.0% by weight or less. When the water content is 5.0% by weight or more, the effect of suppressing the fading of tea leaves is extremely weak. When the water content is less than 0.5% by weight, the tea leaves themselves are discolored during the drying process, resulting in a green color. Color tone may be impaired.

乾燥した緑茶は、石臼、カッターミル、ボールミル、気流式粉砕機などの当業者に公知の粉砕機または道具により粉砕し、所望の粒度に調製して粉末緑茶にすることができる。その際に、茎や葉脈等を除去すると、より色調に優れた粉末緑茶となる。
本発明の粉末緑茶の水分量は、緑茶葉と同様の方法で測定することができる。水分量は粉砕前の緑茶葉とほぼ同様の値であり、粉末緑茶に対し5.0重量%未満が好ましい。0.5重量%以上4.5重量%以下であることがより好ましく、1.0重量%以上4.0重量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。
The dried green tea can be pulverized by a pulverizer or tool known to those skilled in the art such as a stone mill, cutter mill, ball mill, airflow pulverizer, etc., and adjusted to a desired particle size to obtain powdered green tea. At that time, if the stems, veins, and the like are removed, a powdered green tea with more excellent color tone is obtained.
The water content of the powdered green tea of the present invention can be measured by the same method as for green tea leaves. The amount of water is almost the same as that of green tea leaves before pulverization, and is preferably less than 5.0% by weight with respect to powdered green tea. It is more preferably 0.5% by weight or more and 4.5% by weight or less, and further preferably 1.0% by weight or more and 4.0% by weight or less.

本発明の緑茶は、水などの溶媒で抽出し飲料とすることもできるが、粉末緑茶を粉末飲料として水、酒、乳製品、豆乳、果物・野菜の搾汁、清涼飲料水などの液体に溶解してもよい。また、食品素材としてアイスクリーム、和・洋菓子、チューインガム、チョコレート、パン、各種のスナックなどの食品に添加してもよい。なお、本発明の緑茶は食品素材に用いるなど使用目的に合わせて、乳製品、豆乳、茶類、果物・野菜の搾汁などを粉末化したものや、甘味料、酸味料、食塩、香料、栄養強化剤、着色料、保存料、賦形剤などを適宜配合してもよい。
飲食品に対する本発明の緑茶の添加量は、特に限定されるものではなく好みに応じて適宜調整すればよいが、例を挙げれば飲食品に対して0.1〜25重量%、好ましくは1〜20重量%、特に好ましくは3〜15重量%である。0.1重量%を下回ると緑茶を添加した効果が表れず、また25重量%を超えると緑茶の苦渋味が強くなり飲食品の嗜好性を損なう恐れがある。
The green tea of the present invention can be extracted with a solvent such as water to make a beverage. However, powdered green tea can be used as a powder beverage for liquids such as water, liquor, dairy products, soy milk, fruit / vegetable juice, and soft drinks. It may be dissolved. Moreover, you may add to foodstuffs, such as ice cream, Japanese / Western confectionery, chewing gum, chocolate, bread, various snacks as a foodstuff material. In addition, the green tea of the present invention is powdered dairy products, soy milk, teas, fruit / vegetable juice, etc., and sweeteners, sour agents, salt, flavors, You may mix | blend a nutrient fortifier, a coloring agent, a preservative, an excipient | filler etc. suitably.
The addition amount of the green tea of the present invention with respect to food and drink is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted according to taste. For example, 0.1 to 25% by weight, preferably 1 with respect to food and drink. -20% by weight, particularly preferably 3-15% by weight. If the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of adding green tea does not appear, and if the amount exceeds 25% by weight, the bitter and astringent taste of green tea becomes strong and the taste of food and drink may be impaired.

以下に試験例を挙げ、本発明をさらに詳しく説明する。なお、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to test examples. Note that the present invention is not limited to this.

<試験例1>
蒸熱工程前の生葉に対し、種々のアルカリ性溶液を添加することにより、製造直後の粉体色、色調安定性ならびに官能評価にどのような影響を与えるか確認した。
覆下栽培されたやぶきた2番茶の生葉30gに表1に示したアルカリ性溶液をそれぞれ噴霧し1分間蒸熱処理した後、蒸し葉が重ならないように広げて冷却した後、水分量が茶葉重量に対し4.9重量%になるよう、小型熱風乾燥機(FC410、アドバンテック製)を用いて190〜195℃で2分間、90〜95℃で5分間、80〜90℃で15分間、60〜65℃で1〜2時間乾燥して緑茶を調製し、粉砕機(ミクロパウダーMPW−G008、有限会社ウエスト)にかけて粉末緑茶「緑茶−2〜32」を得た。「緑茶−1」はコントロールとして、上記製法においてアルカリ性溶液による噴霧処理を行わずに調製した。ここで、表1の茶葉重量に対する濃度とは、原料の生葉に対するアルカリ性添加剤、抗酸化剤およびトレハロースの添加量(重量%)である。
<Test Example 1>
By adding various alkaline solutions to the fresh leaves before the steaming process, it was confirmed how they affect the powder color immediately after production, color stability, and sensory evaluation.
After spraying the alkaline solution shown in Table 1 to 30 g of fresh leaves of Yabukita No. 2 tea grown under cover and steaming for 1 minute, spreading and cooling so that the steamed leaves do not overlap, the water content becomes the tea leaf weight. On the other hand, using a small hot air dryer (FC410, manufactured by Advantech) for 2 minutes at 190 to 195 ° C, 5 minutes at 90 to 95 ° C, 15 minutes at 80 to 90 ° C, 60 to 65 so as to be 4.9% by weight. Green tea was prepared by drying at ° C. for 1 to 2 hours, and applied to a pulverizer (Micropowder MPW-G008, West Co., Ltd.) to obtain powdered green tea “Green tea-2 to 32”. “Green tea-1” was prepared as a control without spraying with an alkaline solution in the above production method. Here, the density | concentration with respect to the tea leaf weight of Table 1 is the addition amount (weight%) of the alkaline additive, antioxidant, and trehalose with respect to the raw leaf of a raw material.

<懸濁液のpH測定>
上記得られた「緑茶−1〜32」を0.9gずつ、それぞれ120gの熱湯(80〜95℃)に溶解し、電動茶筅を用いてダマが残らないように完全に懸濁させた。この粉末緑茶懸濁液を室温に戻した後、コンパクトpHメーター(twin pH、HORIBA)を用いて懸濁液pHを測定した。
<Measurement of pH of suspension>
0.9 g of each of the obtained “green tea-1 to 32” was dissolved in 120 g of hot water (80 to 95 ° C.) and completely suspended using an electric teacup so that no lumps remained. After returning this powder green tea suspension to room temperature, suspension pH was measured using the compact pH meter (twin pH, HORIBA).

<粉体色の測定>
「緑茶−1〜32」の製造直後の色について、分光式色差計(Spectro Color Meter SE 2000、日本電色株式会社)を用いて色相(Hue)を測定した。なお、色相(Hue)は赤、黄、緑、青、紫などで表される色感覚の属性(色相、明度、彩度)の一つであり、赤(R)、黄(Y)、緑(G)、青(B)、紫(P)の五つの基本色相と、黄赤(YR)、黄緑(GY)、青緑(BG)、青紫(PB)、赤紫(RP)の五つの中間色相があり、各色相は0〜10段階で評価される。本願では緑茶の色相をHueのGY値を基準として表記した。色相がHueのY値の領域まで退色した緑茶に関しても、HueのY値はHueのGY値と隣接する色相であるので、マイナスのHueのGY値として評価した(例:10Y⇒0GY、8Y⇒−2GY)。
「緑茶−1〜32」の色調安定性の評価として、それぞれの粉末緑茶をアルミ袋に封入し、55℃で3日間保存した後の色相について同様に色差計を用いて測定した。なお、55℃3日間の保存条件は、25℃で1年間保存した条件に相当する。製造直後の粉末の色相と55℃3日保存後の粉末の色相より、粉末緑茶の緑色の色相減少率を以下のように算出した。

色相減少率(%)
={(製造直後の色相−55℃3日保存後の色相)/製造直後の色相}×100
<Measurement of powder color>
About the color immediately after manufacture of "green tea-1-32", the hue (Hue) was measured using the spectroscopic color difference meter (Spectro Color Meter SE2000, Nippon Denshoku Co., Ltd.). The hue (Hue) is one of the color sense attributes (hue, lightness, saturation) represented by red, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc., and red (R), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), purple (P) and five basic hues, yellow red (YR), yellow green (GY), blue green (BG), blue purple (PB), red purple (RP) There are two intermediate hues, and each hue is evaluated on a 0-10 scale. In the present application, the hue of green tea is described based on Hue's GY value. Even for green tea whose hue has faded to the area of the Hue Y value, since the Hue Y value is a hue adjacent to the Hue GY value, it was evaluated as a negative Hue GY value (eg, 10Y⇒0GY, 8Y⇒ -2GY).
As an evaluation of the color tone stability of “Green tea-1 to 32”, each green tea powder was sealed in an aluminum bag, and the hue after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days was similarly measured using a color difference meter. The storage conditions at 55 ° C. for 3 days correspond to the conditions stored at 25 ° C. for 1 year. From the hue of the powder immediately after production and the hue of the powder after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days, the green hue reduction rate of the powdered green tea was calculated as follows.

Hue reduction rate (%)
= {(Hue immediately after production-Hue after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days) / Hue immediately after production} × 100

<官能評価>
専門パネリスト3名で緑茶の風味に関する官能評価を実施した。試料は、上記得られた「緑茶−1〜32」の粉末緑茶をpH測定方法と同じ手順で懸濁液として調製し飲用した。茶葉にアルカリ性溶液による処理を行っていない「緑茶−1」の製造直後の粉末緑茶をコントロールとし、表2に示した官能評価指標を基準に専門パネリスト3名による「1」〜「5」の点数の平均(小数点以下、四捨五入)を評価点数とした。また、55℃3日保存後の粉末緑茶についても同様に、「緑茶−1」の製造直後の粉末緑茶をコントロールとして評価した。
以上の結果を表3に示す。なお、総合評価では、製造直後の緑茶の色相が「3.50GY」以上であり、色相減少率が肉眼では殆ど認識できない程度である「10%」以下であり、製造直後および55℃3日保存後の官能評価がいずれも「4」以上である場合を「好適」、製造直後の緑茶の色相がコントロールである「緑茶−1」のGY値である「2.16」以上であり、色相減少率が専門の評価者のみ気づく程度である「25%」以下であり、製造直後および55℃3日保存後の官能評価がいずれも「3」以上である場合を「適」、それ以外の場合を「不適」と評価した。
<Sensory evaluation>
A sensory evaluation on the flavor of green tea was conducted by three specialized panelists. As a sample, the above-obtained “green tea-1 to 32” powdered green tea was prepared as a suspension by the same procedure as the pH measurement method and was drunk. The score of “1” to “5” by three expert panelists based on the sensory evaluation index shown in Table 2, with green tea immediately after production of “green tea-1”, which is not treated with an alkaline solution on tea leaves as a control. The average (the decimal point, rounded off) was used as the evaluation score. Similarly, the powdered green tea stored at 55 ° C. for 3 days was evaluated as a control using the powdered green tea immediately after the production of “green tea-1”.
The above results are shown in Table 3. In the comprehensive evaluation, the hue of green tea immediately after production is “3.50 GY” or more, the hue reduction rate is “10%” or less, which is almost unrecognizable with the naked eye, and is stored immediately after production and at 55 ° C. for 3 days. When all subsequent sensory evaluations are “4” or more, “preferable”, the hue of green tea immediately after production is “2.16” or more, which is the GY value of “green tea-1” which is the control, and the hue is decreased. “Appropriate” if the rate is “25%” or less, which is only noticeable by professional evaluators, and the sensory evaluation immediately after production and after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days is “3” or more, otherwise Was evaluated as “unsuitable”.

表3に示すように、懸濁液のpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲にない「緑茶−1、2、14、15、20、29〜32」は、いずれも製造直後もしくは保存後の色相・風味に問題があり、商品価値を大きく損なっていた。
これに対し、懸濁液のpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲にある本発明「緑茶−3〜13、16〜19、21〜28」は、コントロールの「緑茶−1」と比べて製造直後の緑色の色相が優れており、かつ55℃で3日間保存した後の色相減少率が25%以下であり色調安定性についても優れていた。
アスコルビン酸またはその塩を溶解したアルカリ性溶液で処理した「緑茶−5、6、8〜13、18、19、27、28」は、製造直後の緑色の色相がいずれも3.00GY以上であり実施例の中でも特に優れていた。また、同様に粉末緑茶懸濁液の水色も鮮やかな緑色であった。一方、アスコルビン酸のみを添加した「緑茶−30」では、55℃3日保存後の色相だけでなく製造直後の色相も「緑茶−1」に比べて大きく劣る結果となった。また、アスコルビン酸ナトリウムのみを添加した「緑茶−29」、トレハロースのみを添加した「緑茶−31」およびアスコルビン酸ナトリウムにトレハロースを添加した「緑茶−32」は、製造直後および55℃3日保存後の色相はコントロールの「緑茶−1」に比べて改善されてはいたが、保存後の色相および官能評価点数が大きく低下しており、保存時の緑色安定性及び風味安定性を有していないことが分かった。したがって、アスコルビン酸またはその塩はアルカリ性溶液とともに使用することによって、その効果が顕著に発揮されると考えられる。
官能評価の点数についてみると、コントロールである「緑茶−1」は、55℃3日間の保存で製造直後の「5」から「1」へと大きく評価を落としているのに対し、本発明である「緑茶−3〜13、16〜19、21〜28」は、保存後においても製造直後と同等の風味を維持しており、色調安定性だけでなく、風味安定性にも優れていることが示された。本発明品の中でも、アルカリ性溶液に加えてトレハロースを添加した「緑茶−7〜13、19、28」は、製造直後の風味がいずれも「4」であり、色調安定性および風味安定性ともに特に優れていた。
本願実施例の中でも、アルカリ性溶液にアスコルビン酸、その塩、およびトレハロースを共に加えて添加した「緑茶−8〜13、19、28」は、全ての評価がいずれも優れており、最も好ましいものであった。
As shown in Table 3, “green tea-1, 2, 14, 15, 20, 29-32” whose pH of the suspension is not in the range of 6.8 to 8.0 are all immediately after production or after storage. There was a problem with the hue and flavor of the product, and the product value was greatly impaired.
On the other hand, the present invention “green tea-3 to 13, 16 to 19, 21 to 28” in which the pH of the suspension is in the range of 6.8 to 8.0 is compared with “green tea-1” of the control. The green hue immediately after production was excellent, and the hue reduction rate after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days was 25% or less, and the color tone stability was also excellent.
"Green tea-5,6,8-13,18,19,27,28" treated with an alkaline solution in which ascorbic acid or a salt thereof is dissolved has a green hue immediately after production of 3.00 GY or more. It was particularly excellent among the examples. Similarly, the light blue of the powdered green tea suspension was also vivid green. On the other hand, “green tea-30” to which only ascorbic acid was added showed not only a hue after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days but also a hue immediately after production, which was significantly inferior to “green tea-1”. “Green tea-29” to which only sodium ascorbate was added, “green tea-31” to which only trehalose was added, and “green tea-32” to which trehalose was added to sodium ascorbate were immediately after production and after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days. Although the hue of was improved compared to the control “green tea-1”, the hue and sensory score after storage were greatly reduced, and it did not have green stability and flavor stability during storage I understood that. Therefore, it is considered that ascorbic acid or a salt thereof exhibits its effect remarkably when used with an alkaline solution.
In terms of sensory evaluation scores, “green tea-1”, which is a control, has greatly decreased from “5” immediately after production to “1” after being stored at 55 ° C. for 3 days. Certain “green tea-3 to 13, 16 to 19, 21 to 28” maintain the same flavor as immediately after production after storage, and are excellent not only in color stability but also in flavor stability. It has been shown. Among the products of the present invention, “green tea-7 to 13, 19, 28” to which trehalose is added in addition to the alkaline solution has a flavor immediately after production of “4”, and both color stability and flavor stability are particularly good. It was excellent.
Among the examples of the present application, “green tea-8-13, 19, 28” in which ascorbic acid, a salt thereof, and trehalose are added to an alkaline solution and added together is excellent in all evaluations, and is most preferable. there were.

<試験例2>
覆下栽培されたやぶきた2番茶の生葉30gに重炭酸アンモニウム10重量%溶液を3mL噴霧した後に90秒間蒸熱処理し、蒸し葉が重ならないように広げて冷却した後、小型熱風乾燥機を用いて190〜195℃で2分間、90〜95℃で5分間、90〜95℃で15分間、60℃で1〜2時間乾燥して緑茶(茶葉水分量:4.0重量%)を調製し、粉砕機にかけて「緑茶−33」を得た。また、アルカリ溶液を噴霧しない茶葉についても同様の手順で緑茶を調製し、粉砕機にかけて「緑茶−34」を得た。さらに、表1の「緑茶−11」と同じアルカリ性溶液を噴霧した茶葉も同様の手順で緑茶を調製し、粉砕機にかけて「緑茶−35」を得た。これら「緑茶−33〜35」について試験例1と同様に粉末緑茶懸濁液のpH測定、粉体の色相評価、風味の官能評価および総合評価を行った。さらに、「緑茶−33〜35」、「緑茶−1」および「緑茶−11」の粉砕前の緑茶(荒茶)3gを熱湯200mLに3分間抽出し、抽出液のpHを測定した。以上の結果を表4に示す。
<Test Example 2>
After spraying 3 mL of 10% ammonium bicarbonate solution to 30 g of freshly grown Yabukita No. 2 tea grown under cover, steamed for 90 seconds, spread and cooled so that the steamed leaves did not overlap, and then used a small hot air dryer And dried at 190-195 ° C. for 2 minutes, 90-95 ° C. for 5 minutes, 90-95 ° C. for 15 minutes, 60 ° C. for 1-2 hours to prepare green tea (tea leaf water content: 4.0% by weight) Then, it was subjected to a pulverizer to obtain “green tea-33”. In addition, green tea was prepared in the same procedure for tea leaves that were not sprayed with an alkaline solution, and was crushed to obtain “green tea-34”. Furthermore, tea leaves sprayed with the same alkaline solution as “Green tea-11” in Table 1 were also prepared in the same procedure, and were crushed to obtain “Green tea-35”. About these "green tea-33-35", it carried out similarly to Experiment 1, and measured the pH of powder green tea suspension, the hue evaluation of powder, sensory evaluation of flavor, and comprehensive evaluation. Furthermore, 3 g of green tea (crude tea) before pulverization of “green tea 33-35”, “green tea-1”, and “green tea-11” was extracted into 200 mL of hot water for 3 minutes, and the pH of the extract was measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

表4に示すように、重炭酸アンモニウム10重量%溶液を噴霧した「緑茶−33」は、粉砕前の緑茶(荒茶)抽出液のpHは6.9であったが、粉砕後の粉末緑茶懸濁液のpHが6.6であり本発明の条件である懸濁液のpH6.8〜8.0を満たしていなかった。そのため、本発明の「緑茶−35」および「緑茶−11」では、色相減少がほとんど起こらなかったのに対し、「緑茶−33」はその減少率が69%と大きく劣っており、退色防止効果が示されなかった。なお、緑茶(荒茶)抽出液のpHに関しても、本発明である「緑茶−11、35」はpHが7.6および7.7であり、重炭酸アンモニウムを添加した比較例「緑茶−33」とは区別できるものであった。したがって、重炭酸アンモニウムの添加では、茶葉を十分にアルカリ状態にすることができず、満足のいく色相安定性を付与できないことが分かった。官能評価でも、保存後の「緑茶−33」は、製造直後の「3」から「1」と大きく風味を落としており、「緑茶−35」および「緑茶−11」と比較して大きく劣っていた。
コントロールである「緑茶−34」は、「緑茶−1」と同様に懸濁液のpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲に入っておらず、製造直後の粉体の色相ならびに55℃で3日間保存した後の粉体の色相ならびに官能評価も殆ど同様の結果であった。
As shown in Table 4, “green tea-33” sprayed with a 10% by weight ammonium bicarbonate solution had a pH of 6.9 green tea (crude tea) extract before pulverization, but powdered green tea after pulverization. The pH of the suspension was 6.6, which did not satisfy the pH 6.8 to 8.0 of the suspension, which is the condition of the present invention. Therefore, in the “green tea-35” and “green tea-11” of the present invention, there was almost no decrease in hue, whereas “green tea-33” had a greatly inferior decrease rate of 69%, and the anti-fading effect. Was not shown. Regarding the pH of the green tea (raw tea) extract, “green tea-11, 35” of the present invention has a pH of 7.6 and 7.7, and a comparative example “green tea-33” to which ammonium bicarbonate was added. "Was distinguishable. Therefore, it was found that the addition of ammonium bicarbonate could not make the tea leaves sufficiently alkaline and could not give satisfactory hue stability. Also in sensory evaluation, “green tea-33” after storage has greatly deteriorated flavor from “3” immediately after production to “1”, which is greatly inferior to “green tea-35” and “green tea-11”. It was.
“Green tea-34” as a control is not in the range of 6.8 to 8.0 as in the case of “green tea-1”, and the hue of the powder immediately after production and at 55 ° C. The hue and sensory evaluation of the powder after storage for 3 days were almost the same.

<試験例3>
市販の粉末緑茶(商品名:伊勢抹茶「翠」、三井農林(株)製、以後「緑茶−36」とする)10gを超純水100mLに加え、さらに塩化マグネシウムを10重量%(粉末緑茶100重量%に対して)加えて攪拌して調製した分散液に、10重量%重曹溶液を用いてpH7.0およびpH8.0に調整した。これらの分散液を、水分量3.0重量%となるよう凍結乾燥して調製し、凍結乾燥した後、粉砕して得られた「緑茶−37」および「緑茶−38」について、試験例1と同様に懸濁液のpH測定、粉体の色相評価、官能評価および総合評価を行った。以上の結果を表5に示す。なお、表5に示す「分散液pH」とは、「緑茶−37」および「緑茶−38」の調製段階における分散液のpH値である。
<Test Example 3>
10 g of commercially available powdered green tea (trade name: Ise Matcha “翠”, manufactured by Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as “Green Tea-36”) was added to 100 mL of ultrapure water, and 10% by weight of magnesium chloride (100% of powdered green tea) A dispersion prepared by adding (with respect to% by weight) and stirring was adjusted to pH 7.0 and pH 8.0 using a 10% by weight sodium bicarbonate solution. These dispersions were prepared by freeze-drying so as to have a water content of 3.0% by weight. About “Green tea-37” and “Green tea-38” obtained by freeze-drying and pulverization, Test Example 1 In the same manner, pH measurement of suspension, hue evaluation of powder, sensory evaluation and comprehensive evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 5. The “dispersion pH” shown in Table 5 is the pH value of the dispersion in the preparation stage of “green tea-37” and “green tea-38”.

<Mg含量の測定方法>
また、Mg化合物を加えることにより茶葉のMg含量がどのように変化するか、さらにそれが茶葉本来の色調や風味にどのような影響を与えるか検証するため、茶葉中のMg含量を以下の通り測定した。「緑茶−1」(コントロール品)、「緑茶−11」(本発明品)、「緑茶−36」(市販の抹茶粉末)、「緑茶−37」(比較品)および「緑茶−38」(比較品)をそれぞれ150mgずつ秤量し、100mLの熱湯(80〜95℃)に溶解し、電動茶筅を用いてダマが残らないように完全に懸濁させた。この懸濁液を室温に戻した後、15mL容のコーニングチューブ(CORNING社製、430791)に懸濁液を注ぎ、遠心機((株)コクサン製、H−700FR)を用いて3,100rpmで5分間遠心分離を行ったのち、その上清を測定試料としてICP−AESを用いて以下の条件で測定した。以上の結果を表5に示す。
<Method for measuring Mg content>
In addition, in order to verify how the Mg content of tea leaves changes with the addition of Mg compounds, and how it affects the original color and flavor of tea leaves, the Mg content in tea leaves is as follows: It was measured. “Green tea-1” (control product), “Green tea-11” (product of the present invention), “Green tea-36” (commercially available matcha powder), “Green tea-37” (comparative product) and “Green tea-38” (comparison) 150 mg of each product was weighed, dissolved in 100 mL of hot water (80 to 95 ° C.), and completely suspended using an electric tea bowl so that no lumps remained. After returning this suspension to room temperature, the suspension was poured into a 15 mL Corning tube (CORNING, 430791), and centrifuged at 3,100 rpm using a centrifuge (manufactured by Kokusan Co., Ltd., H-700FR). After centrifuging for 5 minutes, the supernatant was measured under the following conditions using ICP-AES as a measurement sample. The results are shown in Table 5.

(ICP−AESの分析条件)
装置 :ICP−AES CIROS CCD−M(リガク)
プラズマ電力 :1400W
ポンプ流量 :1ml/min
プラズマガス流量 :Ar,13.0L/min
補助ガス流量 :Ar,1.0L/min
ネブライザーガス流量 :Ar,1.0L/min
分析線 :396.152nm
標準液 :関東化学製化学分析用標準液を使用
(ICP-AES analysis conditions)
Device: ICP-AES CIROS CCD-M (Rigaku)
Plasma power: 1400W
Pump flow rate: 1 ml / min
Plasma gas flow rate: Ar, 13.0 L / min
Auxiliary gas flow rate: Ar, 1.0 L / min
Nebulizer gas flow rate: Ar, 1.0 L / min
Analysis line: 396.152 nm
Standard solution: Uses standard solution for chemical analysis manufactured by Kanto Chemical.

表5に示すように、塩化マグネシウムを添加した「緑茶−37」および「緑茶−38」は、製造直後の粉体の色相がいずれも劣化しており、官能評価においても製造直後で「1」と品質を大きく落としていた。「緑茶−37」および「緑茶−38」の風味における品質劣化は、Mgの含量がそれぞれ2.13重量%および1.19重量%と原料である「緑茶−36」から著しく増加したことが理由の一つである。また、「緑茶−11」は同じ原料茶葉を用いた「緑茶−1」に比べて、製造直後の粉体の色相、色調安定性ならびに風味安定性の全ての点で向上しているのに対し、「緑茶−37」および「緑茶−38」は、原料である「緑茶−36」に比べて、製造直後の粉体の色相ならびに風味の点で大きく品質を落としていた。これらの結果より、本発明は、緑茶を一度分散液にしてMg化合物を添加して調製した粉末緑茶に対して明らかに優れていること示された。   As shown in Table 5, “green tea-37” and “green tea-38” to which magnesium chloride was added had deteriorated hues of the powder immediately after production, and “1” immediately after production in sensory evaluation. And the quality was greatly reduced. The quality deterioration in the flavors of “green tea-37” and “green tea-38” was due to the fact that the Mg content was 2.13 wt% and 1.19 wt%, respectively, significantly increased from the raw material “green tea-36” one of. In addition, “Green tea-11” is improved in all aspects of the hue, color stability and flavor stability of the powder immediately after production, compared to “Green tea-1” using the same raw tea leaves. "Green tea-37" and "Green tea-38" were greatly degraded in terms of the hue and flavor of the powder immediately after production, compared to the raw material "Green tea-36". From these results, it was shown that the present invention is clearly superior to powder green tea prepared by adding green compound once to a green tea dispersion.

<試験例4>
原料生葉をアルカリ性溶液で浸漬ブランチングすることにより調製した緑茶(荒茶)について、製造直後の粉体の色相、色調安定性の評価ならびに官能評価を実施した。浸漬ブランチング処理は、沸騰した(97℃以上)300mLのアルカリ性溶液または超純水に、覆下栽培されたやぶきた2番茶の生葉30gを入れ、茶葉全体が溶液に浸かった時点より1分間ブランチングを行った。ブランチング終了後、茹で茶葉をザルに取り出し、紙タオル等で軽く水分を吸い取り、葉が重ならないように広げた後、水分量が茶葉重量に対し3.5重量%になるよう、190〜195℃で2分間、90〜95℃で5分間、80〜90℃で15分間、60〜65℃で1〜2時間乾燥して緑茶を調製し、粉砕機にかけて粉末緑茶を得た。
超純水を用いて浸漬ブランチングを行った緑茶を「緑茶−39」、試験例1で製造した「緑茶−2」、「緑茶−3」および「緑茶−4」と同じアルカリ性溶液を用いて浸漬ブランチングを行った粉末緑茶をそれぞれ「緑茶−40」、「緑茶−41」および「緑茶−42」とした。
試験例1と同様に粉末緑茶懸濁液のpH測定、粉体の色相および官能による評価を行った。以上の結果を表6に示す。
<Test Example 4>
For green tea (raw tea) prepared by immersing and branching raw raw leaves with an alkaline solution, evaluation of hue and color stability of the powder immediately after production and sensory evaluation were performed. Immersion blanching treatment is performed by placing 30 g of fresh leaves of Yabukita No. 2 tea grown under cover in 300 mL of boiling alkaline solution or ultrapure water (over 97 ° C.), and branching for 1 minute from the time when the entire tea leaves are immersed in the solution. Performed. After blanching is finished, take the tea leaves into a colander with a broom, lightly absorb the moisture with a paper towel, etc., spread it so that the leaves do not overlap, and adjust the water content to 3.5% by weight with respect to the tea leaf weight. A green tea was prepared by drying at 90 ° C. for 2 minutes, 90 to 95 ° C. for 5 minutes, 80 to 90 ° C. for 15 minutes, and 60 to 65 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours.
Using the same alkaline solution as “Green tea-39”, “Green tea-2”, “Green tea-3”, and “Green tea-4” produced in Test Example 1, green tea subjected to immersion blanching using ultrapure water was used. Powdered green tea subjected to immersion blanching was designated as “green tea-40”, “green tea-41”, and “green tea-42”, respectively.
In the same manner as in Test Example 1, the pH measurement of the powdered green tea suspension, the hue of the powder, and the sensory evaluation were performed. The results are shown in Table 6.

(カフェイン含量の測定方法)
上記のブランチングの方法によって茶葉成分の含量にどのような違いが生じるかを検証するため、茶葉中の主要成分の一つであるカフェイン含量を以下の通り測定した。「緑茶−39〜42」および、試験例1で製造した全ての緑茶粉末「緑茶−1〜32」をそれぞれ150mgずつ秤量し、100mLメスフラスコに移し、80%メタノール(v/v)を40mL入れ、30分間超音波抽出を行った。1M塩酸0.4mLを加えて超純水で仮定容し、室温に戻るまで静置後、超純水で100mLに定容した。その抽出液を親水性PTFEフィルター(アドバンテック(株)製,DISMIC−13HP;0.45μm)でろ過し、ろ液の2mL以降を測定用試料として以下の条件にてHPLCを用いて、カフェインの茶葉重量に対する含量を測定した。また、覆下栽培されたやぶきた2番茶の生葉を60℃12時間乾燥させたものを粉砕機にかけて得た「緑茶−43」のカフェイン含量を同様に測定し、この値を100%とした場合の各粉末緑茶のカフェイン比率をカフェイン保持率として算出した。以上の結果を表6に示す。
(Measurement method of caffeine content)
In order to verify the difference in the content of tea leaf components by the above blanching method, the caffeine content, one of the main components in tea leaves, was measured as follows. 150 mg each of “Green tea-39 to 42” and all the green tea powder “Green tea-1 to 32” produced in Test Example 1 were weighed and transferred to a 100 mL volumetric flask, and 40 mL of 80% methanol (v / v) was added. Ultrasonic extraction was performed for 30 minutes. 0.4 mL of 1M hydrochloric acid was added, and the volume was assumed to be ultra-pure water. After leaving to return to room temperature, the volume was adjusted to 100 mL with ultra-pure water. The extract was filtered with a hydrophilic PTFE filter (manufactured by Advantech Co., Ltd., DISMIC-13HP; 0.45 μm), and 2 mL or later of the filtrate was used as a measurement sample using HPLC under the following conditions to prepare caffeine. Content relative to tea leaf weight was measured. In addition, caffeine content of “green tea-43” obtained by crushing the dried leaves of Yabukita No. 2 tea grown under cover for 12 hours at 60 ° C. was similarly measured, and this value was taken as 100%. The caffeine ratio of each powdered green tea was calculated as the caffeine retention rate. The results are shown in Table 6.

(HPLC分析条件)
装置 :アライアンスHPLC/PDAシステム(日本ウォーターズ株式会社製)
カラム :Mightysil RP−18 GP、4.6mmI.D.×150mm(関東化学(株)製)
移動相A液:
体積比で超純水/アセトニトリル/0.05%リン酸水=1000:25:0.5の溶液
移動相B液:
体積比で超純水/メタノール/アセトニトリル:0.05%リン酸水=600:300:15:0.3の溶液
グラジエント :注入3分後から25分後にA液100%からB液100%に達するリニアグラジエント
流速 :1mL/min
検出 :UV275nm
カラム温度:40℃
サンプル量:10μL
(HPLC analysis conditions)
Apparatus: Alliance HPLC / PDA system (manufactured by Nippon Waters Co., Ltd.)
Column: Mightysil RP-18 GP, 4.6 mmI. D. × 150mm (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
Mobile phase A liquid:
Solution mobile phase B solution of ultrapure water / acetonitrile / 0.05% phosphoric acid water = 1000: 25: 0.5 by volume ratio:
Ultrapure water / methanol / acetonitrile: 0.05% phosphoric acid solution in volume ratio: 600: 300: 15: 0.3 solution gradient: from 3 minutes after injection to 100% from solution A to 100% Reaching linear gradient flow rate: 1mL / min
Detection: UV275nm
Column temperature: 40 ° C
Sample volume: 10 μL

表6に示すように、浸漬ブランチングを行った「緑茶−39〜42」は、いずれも本願実施例およびコントロールと比べて製造直後の色相および色相減少率が著しく劣っており、官能評価の点でも製造直後で「1」という最低の評価であった。また「緑茶−39〜42」は、粉末緑茶懸濁液のpHにおいてもpH6.8〜8.0の範囲から外れていた。
さらに、各粉末緑茶の重量あたりのカフェイン含量は、「緑茶−1〜32」ではカフェイン含量がいずれも1.50重量%以上であり、カフェイン保持率も50%以上であるのに対し、浸漬ブランチングを行った「緑茶−39〜42」では、カフェイン含量がいずれも1.00重量%未満で、カフェイン保持率が30%未満と大幅にカフェインを失っていた。カフェインは、苦味など緑茶本来の風味に寄与しており、カフェインの損失が「緑茶−39〜42」の官能評価が低かった理由の一つであると考えられる。「緑茶−2〜4」と「緑茶−40〜42」は、原料生葉およびアルカリ性溶液の組成が同じであることからも、本発明は、浸漬ブランチン処理に比べて茶葉本来の風味や成分を失うことなく、製造直後の粉体の色相、保存後の色調安定性ならびに官能評価の全ての点で優れている緑茶を製造できることが確かめられた。
As shown in Table 6, the “green tea-39 to 42” subjected to immersion blanching is significantly inferior in hue and hue reduction rate immediately after production as compared to the Examples and the control of the present application. However, it was the lowest evaluation of “1” immediately after production. “Green tea-39 to 42” was also out of the range of pH 6.8 to 8.0 in the pH of the powdered green tea suspension.
Furthermore, the caffeine content per weight of each powdered green tea is “green tea-1 to 32”, while the caffeine content is 1.50% by weight or more and the caffeine retention is 50% or more. In “green tea-39 to 42” subjected to immersion blanching, the caffeine content was less than 1.00% by weight and the caffeine retention was less than 30%, and the caffeine was greatly lost. Caffeine contributes to the original flavor of green tea such as bitterness, and it is thought that the loss of caffeine is one of the reasons why the sensory evaluation of “green tea-39 to 42” was low. Since "green tea-2-4" and "green tea-40-42" have the same composition of raw raw leaves and alkaline solution, the present invention loses the original flavor and ingredients of tea leaves compared to the soaked branching treatment. It was confirmed that it was possible to produce green tea that was excellent in all aspects of the hue of the powder immediately after production, the color stability after storage, and sensory evaluation.

<試験例5>
露地栽培されたやぶきた秋冬番茶の生葉30gに、試験例1で調製した「緑茶−20〜28」と同じアルカリ性溶液をそれぞれ添加して1分間蒸熱処理し、ドライヤーを用いて1〜5分間冷却後、蒸し葉を清潔なテーブルの上などで揉み、蒸し葉の水分が滲んできたら120〜150℃のホットプレート上で攪拌しながら1分間加熱した。加熱後、再度茶葉を揉み、水分が滲んできたらホットプレート上で攪拌しながら1分間加熱する揉念工程を10回繰り返した。揉念工程後、茶葉を100〜120℃のホットプレート上で攪拌しながら15〜20分乾燥して「緑茶−45〜53」を製造した。また、コントロールとしてアルカリ性溶液を添加しない「緑茶−44」を製造した。なお、上記各緑茶の水分量は4.0重量%であった。各緑茶を粉砕した後、試験例1と同様に粉砕した緑茶懸濁液のpH測定、色相評価、官能評価および総合評価を行った。以上の結果を表7に示す。
<Test Example 5>
The same alkaline solution as “Green tea-20-28” prepared in Test Example 1 was added to 30 g of fresh leaves of Yabukita autumn / winter bancha cultivated in the open field, steamed for 1 minute, and cooled for 1-5 minutes using a dryer. Thereafter, the steamed leaves were sown on a clean table or the like, and when the moisture of the steamed leaves began to spread, it was heated on a hot plate at 120 to 150 ° C. with stirring for 1 minute. After the heating, the tea leaves were rubbed again, and when the moisture had oozed, the idea process of heating for 1 minute while stirring on the hot plate was repeated 10 times. After the careful process, the tea leaves were dried for 15 to 20 minutes with stirring on a hot plate at 100 to 120 ° C. to produce “green tea 45 to 53”. Further, as a control, “Green tea-44” to which no alkaline solution was added was produced. The water content of each green tea was 4.0% by weight. After pulverizing each green tea, pH measurement, hue evaluation, sensory evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation of the pulverized green tea suspension were performed in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.

表7から明らかなように、栽培方法、茶期および製造工程が異なる緑茶であっても、懸濁液のpHを6.8〜8.0の範囲に調整することによって、緑色の色調安定性および風味安定性に優れた緑茶を提供できることが明らかになった。   As is clear from Table 7, even if the green tea is different in cultivation method, tea season and production process, the color tone stability of the green can be adjusted by adjusting the pH of the suspension to the range of 6.8 to 8.0. It was revealed that green tea with excellent flavor stability can be provided.

<試験例6>
生葉ではなく蒸熱工程後の蒸葉に対しアルカリ性溶液を添加した以外は、試験例1の「緑茶20〜28」と同様の方法で「緑茶−54〜62」を製造した。試験例1と同様に懸濁液のpH測定、粉体の色相評価、官能評価および総合評価を行った。以上の結果を表8に示す。
<Test Example 6>
“Green tea-54 to 62” was produced in the same manner as “Green tea 20 to 28” in Test Example 1 except that the alkaline solution was added to the steamed leaves after the steaming process instead of the fresh leaves. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, pH measurement of the suspension, hue evaluation of the powder, sensory evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation were performed. Table 8 shows the above results.

表8より、アルカリ性溶液を添加するタイミングが蒸熱後であっても本願効果を十分に奏することが示された。   From Table 8, it was shown that the effect of the present application was sufficiently exhibited even when the timing of adding the alkaline solution was after steaming.

<試験例7>
露地栽培されたやぶきた秋冬番茶の生葉40kgに、試験例1で調製した「緑茶−23」、「緑茶−24」および「緑茶−26」と同じ組成のアルカリ性溶液をそれぞれ同じ添加量になるよう蒸熱工程直前に滴下し、荒茶製造ライン(カワサキ機工株式会社製、60Kライン)を用いて、40秒〜1分間蒸熱処理し、冷却工程後、葉打ち工程を15〜20分間、中揉工程を5〜10分間、乾燥工程を70〜75℃で1時間行い、荒茶を調製した。この荒茶を茶葉水分量4.0重量%となるよう120℃達温で仕上げ工程を行い、当該仕上げ茶を粉砕し「緑茶−64〜66」を製造した。また、コントロールとしてアルカリ性溶液を添加しない「緑茶−63」を製造した。試験例1と同様に懸濁液のpH測定、粉体の色相評価、官能評価および総合評価を行った。以上の結果を表9に示す。
<Test Example 7>
Alkaline solution of the same composition as “green tea-23”, “green tea-24” and “green tea-26” prepared in Test Example 1 is added to 40 kg of fresh leaves of Yabukita autumn / winter bancha cultivated in the open field. Dripping just before the steaming process, steaming heat treatment for 40 seconds to 1 minute using the rough tea production line (Kawasaki Kiko Co., Ltd., 60K line), after the cooling process, the leaf-making process is 15 to 20 minutes, the intermediate process Was carried out at 70 to 75 ° C. for 1 hour for 5 to 10 minutes to prepare crude tea. The rough tea was subjected to a finishing process at a temperature of 120 ° C. so that the moisture content of the tea leaves was 4.0% by weight, and the finished tea was pulverized to produce “green tea-64 to 66”. Further, as a control, “Green tea-63” to which no alkaline solution was added was produced. In the same manner as in Test Example 1, pH measurement of the suspension, hue evaluation of the powder, sensory evaluation, and comprehensive evaluation were performed. The above results are shown in Table 9.

表9より、通常の荒茶製造ラインによる製造においても、本発明の緑茶は緑色および風味の劣化が抑制されることが確認できた。 From Table 9, it was confirmed that the green tea of the present invention was also inhibited from deterioration in green color and flavor even in the production by the ordinary crude tea production line.

<試験例8>
粉末緑茶ミックス
本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−9」55g、デキストリン30g、トレハロース10g、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム5gを混合し、食品素材としての粉末緑茶ミックスを調製した。当該ミックスを55℃で3日間保存したところ、緑色および風味の劣化は確認されなかった。
<Test Example 8>
Powdered green tea mix 55 g of powdered green tea “Green tea-9” prepared in Test Example 1 of the present application, 30 g of dextrin, 10 g of trehalose, and 5 g of sodium ascorbate were mixed to prepare a powdered green tea mix as a food material. When the mix was stored at 55 ° C. for 3 days, no deterioration in green color and flavor was confirmed.

<試験例9>
粉末緑茶入りインスタント緑茶
本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−11」15gおよび粉末インスタント緑茶(通常の緑茶を抽出後、抽出液を粉末化したもの)20gを混合し、これに、デキストリン65gおよびアスコルビン酸ナトリウム0.1gを加えて粉末緑茶入りインスタント緑茶を調製した。当該インスタント緑茶を55℃で3日間保存したところ、緑色および風味の劣化は確認されなかった。
<Test Example 9>
Instant green tea with powdered green tea 15 g of powdered green tea “Green tea-11” prepared in Test Example 1 of this application and 20 g of powdered instant green tea (extracted from ordinary green tea and then pulverized extract) were mixed with 65 g of dextrin. And 0.1 g of sodium ascorbate was added to prepare instant green tea containing powdered green tea. When the instant green tea was stored at 55 ° C. for 3 days, no deterioration of green color and flavor was confirmed.

<試験例10>
粉末緑茶入り粉末乳飲料
本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−28」2g、グラニュー糖20gおよび全粉乳25gを混合し、粉末緑茶入り粉末乳飲料を調製したところ、緑色および風味に優れた粉末乳飲料を得ることができた。
<Test Example 10>
Powdered green tea-containing powdered milk beverage 2 g of powdered green tea “Green tea-28” prepared in Test Example 1 of the present application, 20 g of granulated sugar and 25 g of whole powdered milk were mixed to prepare a powdered milk tea containing powdered green tea. A powdered milk beverage could be obtained.

<試験例11>
抹茶粉末入り豆乳飲料
本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−19」2g、豆乳(大豆固形分7%)200ml、砂糖8gを混合し、95℃(達温)で10分間殺菌し、粉末緑茶入り豆乳飲料を調製したところ、緑色および風味に優れた豆乳飲料を得ることができた。
<Test Example 11>
Soy milk drink with powdered green tea powder 2 g of powdered green tea “Green tea-19” produced in Test Example 1 of this application, 200 ml of soy milk (soybean solid content 7%) and 8 g of sugar are mixed, sterilized at 95 ° C. (attainment temperature) for 10 minutes, and powdered When a soy milk drink containing green tea was prepared, a soy milk drink excellent in green color and flavor could be obtained.

<試験例12>
粉末緑茶入りクッキー
薄力粉60g、バター45g、グラニュー糖30g、卵黄1個を混練し、これに本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−11」3gを添加してさらに混練し、生地を25mm×50mm×10mmの寸法に裁断し、オーブンで180℃15分間加熱し、粉末緑茶入りクッキーを調製したところ、緑色および風味に優れたクッキーを得ることができた。
<Test Example 12>
Cookies with powdered green tea 60g of soft flour, 45g of butter, 30g of granulated sugar, 1 egg yolk, 3g of powdered green tea "Green tea-11" prepared in Test Example 1 was added to this and kneaded, and the dough was 25mm x When cut into a size of 50 mm × 10 mm and heated in an oven at 180 ° C. for 15 minutes to prepare a cookie containing powdered green tea, a cookie excellent in green color and flavor could be obtained.

<試験例13>
粉末緑茶入りアイスクリーム
生クリーム200ml、グラニュー糖30g、全卵2個を混合し、電子レンジによって600w2分間加熱した後、本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−28」8gを添加した。これを冷凍庫で−18℃6時間冷却し、粉末緑茶入りアイスクリームを調製したところ、緑色および風味に優れたアイスクリームを得ることができた。
<Test Example 13>
Powdered green tea-containing ice cream 200 ml of fresh cream, 30 g of granulated sugar, and 2 whole eggs were mixed and heated for 600 w for 2 minutes using a microwave oven, and then 8 g of powdered green tea “Green tea-28” prepared in Test Example 1 of this application was added. When this was cooled in a freezer at −18 ° C. for 6 hours to prepare an ice cream containing powdered green tea, an ice cream excellent in green color and flavor could be obtained.

<試験例14>
粉末緑茶入りまんじゅう
薄力粉85g、グラニュー糖60g、ベーキングパウダー2g、水25mlおよび本願試験例1で作製した粉末緑茶「緑茶−13」8gをよく混練し、生地にこしあん20gを包み10分間蒸しあげ、粉末緑茶入りまんじゅうを調製したところ、緑色および風味に優れたまんじゅうを得ることができた。
<Test Example 14>
Manju containing powdered green tea 85g soft flour, 60g granulated sugar, 2g baking powder, 25ml water and 8g powdered green tea "Green tea-13" prepared in Test Example 1 of this application, wrap 20g of kojian in dough and steam for 10 minutes When manju containing green tea was prepared, manju excellent in green color and flavor could be obtained.

<試験例15>
茶葉水分量と退色抑制効果
茶葉水分量が色調安定性にどのような影響を与えるか確認した。
覆下栽培されたやぶきた2番茶の生葉80kgに、緑茶−67では30重量%、緑茶−68では25重量%の炭酸カリウム溶液を蒸熱工程直前に滴下し、荒茶製造ライン(カワサキ機工株式会社製、180Kライン)を用いて、40秒〜1分間蒸熱処理し、冷却工程後、葉打ち工程を15〜20分間、中揉工程を5〜10分間、乾燥工程を70〜75℃で1時間行い、荒茶を調製した。得られた荒茶は、小型熱風乾燥機乾燥を用いて、水分量1.5〜6.0重量%となるように乾燥した。試験例1と同様に粉砕し、粉末緑茶「緑茶−67、68」を得た。生葉に対するアルカリ性添加剤としての炭酸カリウム添加量は、緑茶−67は0.78重量%、緑茶−68は1.09重量%であった。尚、緑茶-69はアルカリ性溶液による噴霧処理を行わない以外は緑茶−67、68と同様に調製した。「緑茶−67〜69」について、試験例1と同様に粉末緑茶懸濁液のpHを測定し、55℃3日間保存後の色相減少率を調べた。結果を表10に示す。尚、色相減少率10%以下のものを◎、25%以下を○、25%より大きいものを×として、評価した。茶葉水分量は、乾燥減量法で測定した。
<Test Example 15>
Tea leaf water content and fading suppression effect The effect of tea leaf water content on color stability was confirmed.
A raw tea production line (Kawasaki Kiko Co., Ltd.) was added to 80 kg of freshly-grown Yabukita No. 2 tea leaves grown under cover, with 30% by weight of green tea-67 and 25% by weight of green tea-68 just before the steaming process. And 180K line) for 40 seconds to 1 minute, and after the cooling process, the leaf-making process is 15 to 20 minutes, the midribing process is 5 to 10 minutes, and the drying process is 70 to 75 ° C. for 1 hour. And crude tea was prepared. The obtained crude tea was dried to a moisture content of 1.5 to 6.0% by weight using a small hot air dryer. The pulverization was conducted in the same manner as in Test Example 1 to obtain powdered green tea “Green tea-67, 68”. The amount of potassium carbonate added as an alkaline additive to fresh leaves was 0.78% by weight for green tea-67 and 1.09% by weight for green tea-68. Green tea-69 was prepared in the same manner as green tea-67 and 68, except that spraying with an alkaline solution was not performed. For “Green tea-67 to 69”, the pH of the powdered green tea suspension was measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1, and the hue reduction rate after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days was examined. The results are shown in Table 10. The evaluation was made with a hue reduction rate of 10% or less as ◎, 25% or less as ○, and a value greater than 25% as ×. The tea leaf water content was measured by the loss on drying method.

表10の結果より、緑茶−69のアルカリ性溶液無添加の粉末緑茶では、茶葉水分量が少ないにもかかわらず、55℃3日間保存後の色相減少が著しかったのに対し、炭酸カリウム添加によって粉末緑茶の懸濁液がpH6.8〜8.0の範囲にある本発明の緑茶−67、68は茶葉の水分量が5.0重量%未満の範囲において、55℃で3日間保存後の色相減少率が低く、色相減少がほとんど起こらなかった。   From the results of Table 10, the green tea-69 powdered green tea without addition of alkaline solution showed a significant decrease in hue after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days despite the small amount of tea leaf water. The green tea-67, 68 of the present invention in which the green tea suspension is in the pH range of 6.8 to 8.0 is a hue after storage at 55 ° C. for 3 days when the water content of the tea leaves is less than 5.0% by weight. The reduction rate was low, and hue reduction hardly occurred.

本発明の方法により製造された緑茶は、長期の保存においても茶葉が本来有する鮮やかな緑色、風味および種々の有効成分を失うことなく、製造直後の緑色および風味も優れており、飲食品に幅広く利用することができる。

The green tea produced by the method of the present invention is excellent in green color and flavor immediately after production without losing the vivid green color, flavor and various active ingredients inherent in tea leaves even during long-term storage, and is widely used in food and drink. Can be used.

Claims (14)

荒茶の製造工程において、重曹、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、および水酸化カリウムから選ばれる一種または二種以上のアルカリ性溶液を添加する緑茶の製造方法であって、得られる緑茶を粉砕して133倍量の重量の水を加えて懸濁液とした際にpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲となるよう調整する緑茶の製造方法。 In the production process of crude tea, a method for producing green tea comprising adding one or more alkaline solutions selected from baking soda, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide, and pulverizing the resulting green tea And the manufacturing method of the green tea which adjusts so that pH may become the range of 6.8-8.0 when water of the weight of 133 times weight is added and it is set as a suspension. 請求項1で得られる緑茶の水分量が5.0重量%未満である緑茶の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the green tea whose moisture content of the green tea obtained in Claim 1 is less than 5.0 weight%. アルカリ性溶液を添加する工程が、蒸熱前から冷却工程前までである請求項1または2に記載の緑茶の製造方法。 The method for producing green tea according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of adding the alkaline solution is from before steaming to before the cooling step. アルカリ性溶液が、アスコルビン酸、その塩、およびトレハロースの少なくともいずれかを含有したものである請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶の製造方法。   The method for producing green tea according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the alkaline solution contains at least one of ascorbic acid, a salt thereof, and trehalose. 請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって得られる緑茶を粉砕する粉末緑茶の製造方法。 The manufacturing method of the powdered green tea which grind | pulverizes the green tea obtained by the manufacturing method as described in any one of Claim 1 to 4. 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によって得られる緑茶を添加する飲食品の製造方法。   The manufacturing method of the food-drinks which add the green tea obtained by the manufacturing method as described in any one of Claim 1 to 5. 請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法で得られる緑茶。   Green tea obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 緑茶を粉砕して133倍の重量の水を加えて懸濁液とした際のpHが6.8〜8.0の範囲となる緑茶(ただし、マグネシウム化合物を添加した抹茶を除く)。 Green tea that has a pH of 6.8 to 8.0 when green tea is crushed and 133 times the weight of water is added to form a suspension (excluding matcha to which a magnesium compound is added). 緑茶の水分量が5重量%未満である請求項8記載の緑茶。   The green tea according to claim 8, wherein the water content of the green tea is less than 5% by weight. アスコルビン酸、その塩、およびトレハロースの少なくともいずれかを添加して得られる請求項8または9記載の緑茶。   The green tea according to claim 8 or 9, which is obtained by adding at least one of ascorbic acid, a salt thereof, and trehalose. 茶葉中のカフェイン含量が1.50重量%以上である請求項8から10のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶。   The green tea according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the content of caffeine in the tea leaves is 1.50% by weight or more. 請求項7から11のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶を粉砕して得られる粉末緑茶。 Powdered green tea obtained by pulverizing the green tea according to any one of claims 7 to 11. 請求項7から12のいずれか一項に記載の緑茶を添加した飲食品。   Food-drinks which added the green tea as described in any one of Claims 7-12. 粉末飲料である請求項13記載の飲食品。 The food or drink according to claim 13, which is a powdered beverage.
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