JP2014040888A - Rolling bearing device - Google Patents

Rolling bearing device Download PDF

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JP2014040888A
JP2014040888A JP2012184221A JP2012184221A JP2014040888A JP 2014040888 A JP2014040888 A JP 2014040888A JP 2012184221 A JP2012184221 A JP 2012184221A JP 2012184221 A JP2012184221 A JP 2012184221A JP 2014040888 A JP2014040888 A JP 2014040888A
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preload
rolling bearing
housing
annular member
bearing device
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JP5939086B2 (en
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Takamichi Tanaka
孝道 田中
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NSK Ltd
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NSK Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/36—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers
    • F16C19/364—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with a single row of rollers with tapered rollers, i.e. rollers having essentially the shape of a truncated cone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00—Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61—Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rolling bearing device in which an appropriate pre-load can be adjusted according to temperature variation and the like without deteriorating rigidity of the rolling bearing device for a long period.SOLUTION: A pre-load adjustment mechanism comprises a pair of annular members 21, 22 opposing in an axial direction. One annular member 21 is abutted on a shoulder 19, and the other annular member 22 is abutted on an end surface of an outer ring 15. In respective opposing sides of the annular member 21, 22, inclined grooves 25, 25 whose depth varies in a circumferential direction are formed so as to face each other. Between the inclined grooves 25, 25, a plurality of balls 23 constituting moving bodies are disposed respectively in state where they are held between the annular member 21 and the annular member 22. The pre-load adjustment mechanism further comprises a retaining plate 24 for retaining the balls 23 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction.

Description

本発明は、予圧条件下で使用される円すいころ軸受、アンギュラ玉軸受等の転がり軸受を組み込んだ転がり軸受装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a rolling bearing device incorporating a rolling bearing such as a tapered roller bearing or an angular ball bearing used under preload conditions.

従来より、自動車の動力伝達系の途中に設けて、プロペラシャフトの回転を減速すると同時に回転方向を直角に変換するディファレンシャル装置が使用されている。図４は、従来構造のディファレンシャル装置の１例を示しており、ディファレンシャル装置１は、ハウジング２と、デフケース５と、一対の円すいころ軸受１３，１４と、シム４０とを備えている。   Conventionally, a differential device that is provided in the middle of a power transmission system of an automobile and decelerates the rotation of the propeller shaft and simultaneously converts the rotation direction to a right angle has been used. FIG. 4 shows an example of a differential device having a conventional structure, and the differential device 1 includes a housing 2, a differential case 5, a pair of tapered roller bearings 13 and 14, and a shim 40.

このうちの、デフケース５は、リングギヤ６と、１対のサイドギヤ１０、１０と、１対のピニオンギヤ９、９とを備え、リングギヤ６とサイドギヤ１０、１０とは、互いに同心に、且つ、相対回転を自在に配置されている。又、前記サイドギヤ１０、１０には、それぞれドライブシャフト７、７の端部がスプライン嵌合されている。前記ピニオンギヤ９、９は、互いに対向させた状態でピニオンシャフト８に外嵌され、回転自在に支持されている。そして、これら両ピニオンギヤ９、９をそれぞれ、前記サイドギヤ１０、１０に噛合させている。   The differential case 5 includes a ring gear 6, a pair of side gears 10 and 10, and a pair of pinion gears 9 and 9. The ring gear 6 and the side gears 10 and 10 are concentric with each other and rotate relative to each other. Are arranged freely. Further, the end portions of the drive shafts 7 and 7 are spline-fitted to the side gears 10 and 10, respectively. The pinion gears 9 and 9 are externally fitted to the pinion shaft 8 so as to face each other and are rotatably supported. These pinion gears 9 and 9 are meshed with the side gears 10 and 10, respectively.

この様なデフケース５に取付けられたリングギヤ６は、一対の円すいころ軸受１１、１２により回転自在に支持されたドライブピニオンシャフト３の端部に設けられたドライブピニオンギヤ４と噛合している。そして、ドライブピニオンギヤ４によりデフケース５が回転すると、このデフケース５の回転駆動力は、ピニオンギヤ９、９を介してサイドギヤ１０、１０にトルク配分されて、ドライブシャフト７，７を回転駆動させる。   The ring gear 6 attached to such a differential case 5 meshes with a drive pinion gear 4 provided at an end of the drive pinion shaft 3 rotatably supported by a pair of tapered roller bearings 11 and 12. When the differential case 5 is rotated by the drive pinion gear 4, the rotational driving force of the differential case 5 is distributed to the side gears 10 and 10 via the pinion gears 9 and 9 to drive the drive shafts 7 and 7 to rotate.

上述した様なデフケース５は、一対の円すいころ軸受１３、１４によって、ハウジング２の内部に回転自在に支持されている。円すいころ軸受１３（１４）は、デフケース５に外嵌固定される内輪１６と、ハウジング２に軸方向に移動可能な状態で内嵌される外輪１５と、内輪１６と外輪１５との間に転動自在に配置される複数の円すいころ１７とを備えている。そして、回転時における振動、共振及び異音を防止し、軸受の剛性を確保してアキシャル方向荷重及びラジアル方向荷重を支承しながら前記デフケース５を回転自在に支持する為に、各円すいころ軸受１３（１４）は、適正な予圧が付与された状態で組み込まれている。尚、回転トルクの低減を目的として、転動体として円すいころの代わりに玉を使用することもできる。   The differential case 5 as described above is rotatably supported inside the housing 2 by a pair of tapered roller bearings 13 and 14. The tapered roller bearing 13 (14) is rolled between an inner ring 16 that is fitted and fixed to the differential case 5, an outer ring 15 that is fitted in the housing 2 in an axially movable state, and the inner ring 16 and the outer ring 15. A plurality of tapered rollers 17 that are movably disposed are provided. Each tapered roller bearing 13 is provided to prevent vibration, resonance and abnormal noise during rotation, and to support the differential case 5 rotatably while supporting the axial load and radial load while ensuring the rigidity of the bearing. (14) is incorporated in a state where an appropriate preload is applied. For the purpose of reducing rotational torque, balls can be used as rolling elements instead of tapered rollers.

上記予圧を付与する方法としては、軸受の外輪１５とハウジング２との間にシム４０を介装する、所謂定位置予圧が用いられている。しかし、定位置予圧の組立工程では、外輪１５及びハウジング２の製造公差に起因して、外輪１５とハウジング２との間の隙間にばらつきがあることから、この隙間の測定結果に基づいて、厚さが異なる複数のシムの中から最適なシムを選択する必要がある。この様に、定位置予圧においては、部品点数の増加と組み付け作業の煩雑さとによりコストアップするという問題があった。   As a method for applying the preload, a so-called fixed position preload in which a shim 40 is interposed between the outer ring 15 of the bearing and the housing 2 is used. However, in the assembly process of the fixed position preload, the gap between the outer ring 15 and the housing 2 varies due to the manufacturing tolerances of the outer ring 15 and the housing 2. It is necessary to select an optimum shim from among a plurality of shims of different sizes. As described above, in the fixed position preload, there is a problem that the cost increases due to an increase in the number of parts and a complicated assembly work.

また、車両の軽量化による燃費改善を目的として、ハウジング２の材料に軽量なアルミニウム合金を用いる事が多くなっている。これらの軽合金は鉄材と比較して熱膨張係数が大きいため、定位置予圧の場合には、温度変化により予圧が大きく変化する。例えば、ディファレンシャル装置のデフケースを回転自在に支持する軸受の様に、デフケースの両端に軸受を正面組合わせにより配置し、鉄製のデフケースに内輪を嵌合し、アルミニウム合金製のハウジングに外輪を嵌合して予圧を付加する場合、ディフアレンシャル装置の温度上昇に伴う熱膨張量の差により、予圧が抜けてしまう虞がある。   In addition, for the purpose of improving fuel consumption by reducing the weight of the vehicle, a light aluminum alloy is often used as the material of the housing 2. Since these light alloys have a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than iron materials, in the case of fixed position preload, the preload changes greatly due to temperature changes. For example, like a bearing that supports the differential device differential case in a rotatable manner, the bearings are arranged in front of both ends of the differential case, the inner ring is fitted into the iron differential case, and the outer ring is fitted into the aluminum alloy housing. Thus, when preload is applied, the preload may be lost due to the difference in thermal expansion accompanying the temperature rise of the differential device.

この部分の改善の先行技術としては、特許文献１に、シムに代えて、弾発部材である皿ばねを用いて定圧予圧により予圧を付与する構成が記載されている。皿ばねを用いる事により、温度変化に伴うハウジング及びデフケースの軸方向の伸縮は皿ばねにより吸収され、軸受には常におおよそ一定の予圧が付与される。また、軸受の組み付けの際、軸受のはめあいや隙間調整は不要となり、１種類の皿バネを用意するだけでよい。   As a prior art for improving this portion, Patent Document 1 describes a configuration in which a preload is applied by a constant pressure preload using a disc spring which is a resilient member instead of a shim. By using the disc spring, the axial expansion and contraction of the housing and the differential case accompanying the temperature change is absorbed by the disc spring, and an approximately constant preload is always applied to the bearing. Further, when assembling the bearing, fitting of the bearing and adjustment of the gap are unnecessary, and only one type of disc spring needs to be prepared.

しかしながら、ドライブピニオンシャフトからデフケースに駆動力が伝達されると、デフケースがハウジングに対して軸方向に相対的に移動させられるが、想定以上の過度の荷重が作用した場合、剛性が弱い皿ばねが過剰に押しつぶされる事がある。皿ばねの変位量が大きくなり、デフケースが大きく変位すると、ドライブピニオンギアとリングギヤとの噛当たりが悪化して騒音が発生する。   However, when the driving force is transmitted from the drive pinion shaft to the differential case, the differential case is moved relative to the housing in the axial direction. It may be crushed excessively. When the amount of displacement of the disc spring is increased and the differential case is greatly displaced, the contact between the drive pinion gear and the ring gear is deteriorated and noise is generated.

引用文献２には、軸受軌道輪の端面とハウジングとの間をクサビ部材が径方向に移動することにより、軸受に付与する予圧を調整する構造が記載されている。これにより、温度変化に応じて予圧を適正に調整することができ、転がり軸受装置の機能が長期間維持される。   Cited Document 2 describes a structure in which the preload applied to the bearing is adjusted by the wedge member moving in the radial direction between the end face of the bearing race and the housing. Thereby, a preload can be adjusted appropriately according to a temperature change, and the function of a rolling bearing device is maintained for a long period of time.

特開２００３−３４３６９２号公報JP 2003-343692 A 特開２００８−２１５５８９号公報JP 2008-215589 A

しかしながら、特許文献２は、クサビ部材が軸受軌道輪の端面縁と線接触した状態で径方向に摺動するため、長期間の使用によってクサビ部材の摺動面に凹みなどの変形、摩耗などが発生すると、円滑な予圧調整が困難となる虞があった。
本発明は、転がり軸受装置の剛性が低下することなく、温度変化等に応じて適正な予圧を長期間に亙って調整可能な転がり軸受装置を提供することを目的とする。 However, in Patent Document 2, since the wedge member slides in the radial direction in a state where the wedge member is in line contact with the end surface edge of the bearing raceway, the sliding surface of the wedge member is deformed such as a dent or worn due to long-term use. When this occurs, there is a risk that smooth preload adjustment becomes difficult.
An object of the present invention is to provide a rolling bearing device capable of adjusting an appropriate preload over a long period of time according to a temperature change or the like without reducing the rigidity of the rolling bearing device.

上記の様な問題を解決する為に、本発明の転がり軸受装置は、ハウジングと、このハウジングに回転自在に支持された回転体と、この回転体の軸方向両端に配置された複数の転がり軸受と、この転がり軸受に予圧を付与する予圧調整機構とを備え、前記転がり軸受は外輪と内輪と複数個の転動体とを有し、前記ハウジングに嵌合された前記外輪の軸方向端面とこの端面に対向する前記ハウジングの肩面との間に前記予圧調整機構を介装している。
特に本発明における転がり軸受に於いては、前記予圧調整機構は、軸方向に対向する一対の円環部材と、これら円環部材の対向する各側面に形成されて周方向に関して深さが変化する複数の傾斜溝と、対向する傾斜溝の間に挟まれて配設された移動体と、この移動体を周方向に所定の間隔で保持する保持板とを備えている。そして、前記保持板及び移動体を前記円環部材に対して相対的に回転させることにより、各円環部材の軸方向距離を任意に変化させて予圧を調整する。 In order to solve the above-described problems, a rolling bearing device of the present invention includes a housing, a rotating body rotatably supported by the housing, and a plurality of rolling bearings disposed at both ends of the rotating body in the axial direction. And a preload adjusting mechanism for applying a preload to the rolling bearing, the rolling bearing having an outer ring, an inner ring and a plurality of rolling elements, and an axial end surface of the outer ring fitted in the housing, and The preload adjusting mechanism is interposed between the housing and the shoulder surface facing the end surface.
Particularly in the rolling bearing according to the present invention, the preload adjusting mechanism is formed on a pair of annular members facing each other in the axial direction, and on each side surface facing these annular members, and the depth changes in the circumferential direction. A plurality of inclined grooves, a moving body disposed between the opposed inclined grooves, and a holding plate for holding the moving body at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction are provided. Then, by rotating the holding plate and the moving body relative to the annular member, the axial distance of each annular member is arbitrarily changed to adjust the preload.

さらに、前記円環部材には、前記ハウジングに対して前記円環部材が相対回転しない為の切り欠きを設け、前記保持板の外径縁にはギアを介して前記保持板を回転駆動する為の歯面を設けている。
さらに、前記回転体が、ディファレンシャル装置を構成するデフケースである。 Further, the annular member is provided with a cutout for preventing the annular member from rotating relative to the housing, and the holding plate is driven to rotate via a gear at the outer diameter edge of the holding plate. The tooth surface is provided.
Further, the rotating body is a differential case constituting a differential device.

本発明によれば、転がり軸受装置の剛性が低下することなく、温度変化等に応じて適正な予圧を長期間に亙って調整可能な転がり軸受装置を提供することができる。
即ち、本発明の転がり軸受装置においては、温度変化によりハウジングが膨張又は収縮するなどして転がり軸受の予圧が変化した場合、予圧調整機構を構成する保持板を周方向に回転させる。この保持板に保持されて２枚の円環部材の間に狭持された移動体は周方向に変位するが、移動体が円環部材に形成された周方向に傾斜を持つ傾斜溝内を移動することにより、両円環部材の軸方向距離が変化する。これにより、温度変化等による予圧の変動をキャンセルして、常に最適の予圧を転がり軸受に付与することができる。
さらに、傾斜溝の径方向断面は、移動体である玉とほぼ同じ曲率を有する円弧形状としており、これにより、円環部材の変形及び摩耗を防止すると共に、予圧調整機構の剛性を確保している。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the rolling bearing apparatus which can adjust an appropriate preload over a long period of time according to a temperature change etc. can be provided, without the rigidity of a rolling bearing apparatus falling.
That is, in the rolling bearing device of the present invention, when the preload of the rolling bearing changes due to expansion or contraction of the housing due to temperature change, the holding plate constituting the preload adjusting mechanism is rotated in the circumferential direction. The moving body held by the holding plate and sandwiched between the two annular members displaces in the circumferential direction. However, the moving body moves in the inclined groove formed in the annular member and having an inclination in the circumferential direction. By moving, the axial distance of both annular members changes. Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the preload by a temperature change etc. can be canceled and the optimal preload can always be provided to a rolling bearing.
Furthermore, the radial cross section of the inclined groove has an arc shape having substantially the same curvature as the ball as the moving body, thereby preventing deformation and wear of the annular member and ensuring the rigidity of the preload adjusting mechanism. Yes.

本発明の実施形態における転がり軸受装置を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows the rolling bearing apparatus in embodiment of this invention. 同じく、図１の予圧調整機構を示す組立説明図。Similarly, assembly explanatory drawing which shows the preload adjustment mechanism of FIG. 同じく、図２の予圧調整機構の動作を示す説明図。。Similarly, explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the preload adjustment mechanism of FIG. . 従来のディファレンシャル装置の1例を示す断面図。Sectional drawing which shows an example of the conventional differential apparatus.

図１〜３は、本発明の実施の形態の１例を示している。尚、本例の特徴は、転がり軸受に予圧を付与する予圧調整機構２０の構造を工夫した点にある。その他の部分の構造及び作用は、前述の図４に示した従来構造の１例の場合と同様であるから、同等部分には同一符号を付して、重複する図示並びに説明は省略若しくは簡略にし、以下、本例の特徴部分を中心に説明する。   1 to 3 show an example of an embodiment of the present invention. The feature of this example is that the structure of the preload adjusting mechanism 20 that applies preload to the rolling bearing is devised. Since the structure and operation of the other parts are the same as in the case of the example of the conventional structure shown in FIG. 4 described above, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and overlapping illustrations and descriptions are omitted or simplified. Hereinafter, the characteristic part of this example will be mainly described.

図１に示す様に、デフケース５は、円すいころ軸受１３（１４）によって、ハウジング２に対して回転自在に支持されている。円すいころ軸受１３（１４）は、デフケース５に外嵌固定される内輪１６と、ハウジング２に軸方向に移動可能な状態で内嵌される外輪１５と、内輪１６と外輪１５との間に転動自在に配置される複数の円すいころ１７と、これら円すいころ１７を円周方向等間隔に保持する保持器１８とを備えている。円すいころ軸受１３（１４）に予圧を付与する為に、予圧調整機構２０は、ハウジング２の肩面１９と、前記外輪１５の軸方向端面との間に介装されている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the differential case 5 is rotatably supported with respect to the housing 2 by a tapered roller bearing 13 (14). The tapered roller bearing 13 (14) is rolled between an inner ring 16 that is fitted and fixed to the differential case 5, an outer ring 15 that is fitted in the housing 2 in an axially movable state, and the inner ring 16 and the outer ring 15. A plurality of tapered rollers 17 that are movably disposed, and a cage 18 that holds the tapered rollers 17 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction are provided. In order to apply preload to the tapered roller bearing 13 (14), the preload adjusting mechanism 20 is interposed between the shoulder surface 19 of the housing 2 and the axial end surface of the outer ring 15.

前記ハウジング２の内部に前記デフケース５と前記各円すいころ軸受１３（１４）とを組み込んだ状態において、前記予圧調整機構２０は、軸方向に対向する一対の円環部材２１、２２を備え、一方の円環部材２１を前記肩部１９に当接し、他方の円環部材２２を外輪１５の端面に当接させている。さらに、これら円環部材２１、２２の対向する各側面には、周方向に関して深さが変化する複数の傾斜溝２５、２５が対向して形成されており、この傾斜溝２５、２５の間には移動体である複数の玉２３が、円環部材２１と円環部材２２とに挟持された状態で配設されている。傾斜溝２５の径方向断面は円弧形状であり、この円弧の曲率は移動体である前記玉２３の曲率と略同一とすることで、玉２３と傾斜溝２５とは径方向に於いて全面が当接している。また、対向する両傾斜溝２５、２５の間隔は、周方向に関して距離が変化する様に設定されており、図３に示す様に、記号ｔの方向に向かうに従い両傾斜溝２５、２５の間隔は直線状に狭くなっている。前記玉２３は、これら傾斜溝２５、２５の間を周方向に沿って移動可能である。   In the state in which the differential case 5 and the tapered roller bearings 13 (14) are incorporated in the housing 2, the preload adjusting mechanism 20 includes a pair of annular members 21 and 22 facing in the axial direction, The annular member 21 is in contact with the shoulder 19 and the other annular member 22 is in contact with the end face of the outer ring 15. Further, a plurality of inclined grooves 25 and 25 whose depths change in the circumferential direction are formed to face each other on the opposing side surfaces of the annular members 21 and 22, and between the inclined grooves 25 and 25. A plurality of balls 23, which are moving bodies, are arranged in a state of being sandwiched between an annular member 21 and an annular member 22. The cross section in the radial direction of the inclined groove 25 has an arc shape, and the curvature of the circular arc is substantially the same as the curvature of the ball 23 which is a moving body, so that the ball 23 and the inclined groove 25 have the entire surface in the radial direction. It is in contact. Further, the interval between the two inclined grooves 25, 25 facing each other is set so that the distance changes in the circumferential direction, and as shown in FIG. 3, the interval between the both inclined grooves 25, 25 as it goes in the direction of the symbol t. Is linearly narrowed. The ball 23 is movable between the inclined grooves 25 and 25 along the circumferential direction.

また、前記予圧調整機構２０は、前記玉２３を周方向に所定の間隔で保持する保持板２４を備えている。この保持板２４は、全体が円環状に形成され、周方向の複数箇所には前記玉２３を保持する為の複数のポケット２７が設けられており、前記両円環部材２１、２２の間に同心に配設されている。さらに、保持板２４の外径縁には、ウォームギア機構を構成するウォームホイール３０が形成されており、このウォームホイール３０を周方向に移動させることにより保持板２４が回転し、保持板２４に保持された玉２３は周方向に移動する。   The preload adjusting mechanism 20 includes a holding plate 24 that holds the balls 23 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction. This holding plate 24 is formed in an annular shape as a whole, and a plurality of pockets 27 for holding the balls 23 are provided at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction, and between the annular members 21 and 22. It is arranged concentrically. Further, a worm wheel 30 constituting a worm gear mechanism is formed on the outer diameter edge of the holding plate 24, and the holding plate 24 rotates and is held by the holding plate 24 by moving the worm wheel 30 in the circumferential direction. The ball 23 thus moved moves in the circumferential direction.

予圧調整機構２０の動作に関して説明する。図１に示す様に、予圧調整機構２０は、前記ハウジング２の肩面１９と、前記外輪１５の軸方向端面との間に軸方向に狭持された状態で配設される。前記円環部材２１、２２の外径側部分の複数箇所には切り欠き２６が形成されており、これら切り欠き２６を図示しないハウジング２に設けられた突起に嵌合させることで、前記円環部材２１、２２はハウジング２に対して相対回転しない。一方、前記ウォームホイール３０に対向するハウジング２の内側部分には、ウォームギア機構を形成するウォーム３１が前記ウォームホイール３０と噛み合った状態で設けられており、図示しない駆動手段によりウォーム３１は回転する。   The operation of the preload adjusting mechanism 20 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the preload adjusting mechanism 20 is disposed in an axially sandwiched state between the shoulder surface 19 of the housing 2 and the axial end surface of the outer ring 15. Cutouts 26 are formed at a plurality of locations on the outer diameter side portions of the annular members 21, 22. By fitting these cutouts 26 into projections provided on the housing 2 (not shown), the annular rings are formed. The members 21 and 22 do not rotate relative to the housing 2. On the other hand, a worm 31 forming a worm gear mechanism is provided in an inner portion of the housing 2 facing the worm wheel 30 so as to mesh with the worm wheel 30, and the worm 31 is rotated by driving means (not shown).

ウォーム３１が回転すると、保持板２４がハウジング２に対して相対回転し、保持板２４に保持された玉２３も周方向に移動する。円環部材２１、２２はハウジングに対しては相対回転しないので、玉２３は円環部材２１、２２に形成された傾斜溝２５内を円周方向に沿って移動することで、円環部材２１と円環部材２２との軸方向距離が変化する。この両円環部材２１、２２の軸方向変位によって、予圧調整機構２０は、円すいころ軸受１３（１４）に対して所定の予圧を付与する。   When the worm 31 rotates, the holding plate 24 rotates relative to the housing 2 and the balls 23 held by the holding plate 24 also move in the circumferential direction. Since the annular members 21 and 22 do not rotate relative to the housing, the ball 23 moves in the inclined groove 25 formed in the annular members 21 and 22 along the circumferential direction, so that the annular member 21 is moved. The axial distance between the ring member 22 and the annular member 22 changes. The preload adjusting mechanism 20 applies a predetermined preload to the tapered roller bearing 13 (14) by the axial displacement of both the annular members 21, 22.

自動車の使用時に於いて、ディファレンシャル装置の温度が上昇してアルミニウム合金製のハウジング２が熱膨張した場合、図３に示す様に、記号ｔの方向に保持板２４（玉２３）を回転させることで、両円環部材２１、２２の軸方向距離が大きくなるので、円すいころ軸受１３の予圧が過小になることを防止している。一方、温度が低下した場合には、記号ｔとは逆の方向に保持板２４（玉２３）を回転させることで、予圧が過大になることを防止している。この様に、転がり軸受装置の温度変化に応じて、適切な予圧を転がり軸受に付与することができる。   When the temperature of the differential device rises and the aluminum alloy housing 2 is thermally expanded during use of the automobile, the holding plate 24 (ball 23) is rotated in the direction of symbol t as shown in FIG. Thus, since the axial distance between the two annular members 21 and 22 is increased, the preload of the tapered roller bearing 13 is prevented from becoming excessively small. On the other hand, when the temperature decreases, the preload is prevented from becoming excessive by rotating the holding plate 24 (ball 23) in the direction opposite to the symbol t. Thus, an appropriate preload can be applied to the rolling bearing in accordance with the temperature change of the rolling bearing device.

以上の構成により、転がり軸受装置の剛性が低下することなく、温度変化等に応じて適正な予圧を長期間に亙って調整可能な転がり軸受装置を提供することができる。
即ち、本発明の転がり軸受装置においては、温度変化によりハウジング２が膨張又は収縮するなどして転がり軸受１３（１４）の予圧が変化した場合、予圧調整機構２０を構成する保持板２４を周方向に回転させる。この保持板２４に保持されて２枚の円環部材２１、２２の間に狭持された移動体である玉２３は周方向に変位するが、玉２３が円環部材に形成された周方向に傾斜を持つ傾斜溝２５内を移動することにより、両円環部材２１、２２の軸方向距離が変化する。これにより、温度変化等による予圧の変動をキャンセルして、常に最適の予圧を転がり軸受１３（１４）に付与することができる。 With the above configuration, it is possible to provide a rolling bearing device capable of adjusting an appropriate preload over a long period of time according to a temperature change or the like without reducing the rigidity of the rolling bearing device.
That is, in the rolling bearing device of the present invention, when the preload of the rolling bearing 13 (14) changes due to expansion or contraction of the housing 2 due to temperature change, the holding plate 24 constituting the preload adjusting mechanism 20 is moved in the circumferential direction. Rotate to The ball 23 which is a moving body held by the holding plate 24 and sandwiched between the two annular members 21 and 22 is displaced in the circumferential direction, but the circumferential direction in which the ball 23 is formed on the annular member. The axial distance between the annular members 21 and 22 is changed by moving in the inclined groove 25 having an inclination. Thereby, the fluctuation | variation of the preload by a temperature change etc. can be canceled and the optimal preload can always be provided to the rolling bearing 13 (14).

また、傾斜溝２５の径方向断面は、移動体である玉２３とほぼ同じ曲率を有する円弧形状としており、これにより、円環部材２１、２２の変形及び摩耗を防止すると共に、予圧調整機構２０の剛性を確保している。円環部材２１、２２は円環状の平板形状であり、その側面の全てが肩面１９及び外輪１５と面接触しているので、剛性が高く、大きなアキシャル方向の荷重を支承することができる。   In addition, the radial cross section of the inclined groove 25 has an arc shape having substantially the same curvature as the ball 23 that is a moving body, thereby preventing deformation and wear of the annular members 21 and 22 and preload adjusting mechanism 20. The rigidity is secured. Since the annular members 21 and 22 have an annular flat plate shape, and all of their side surfaces are in surface contact with the shoulder surface 19 and the outer ring 15, the rigidity is high and a large axial load can be supported.

更に、保持板２４（玉２３）の回転駆動にはウォームギア機構が用いられており、大きな減速比により十分な駆動力を得ている。また、転がり軸受に作用するアキシャル荷重の反力により、保持板２４（玉２３）が回転させられて予圧が変化することを防止している。また、予圧調整機構２０の円環部材２１、２２は、肩面１９及び外輪１５とは摺動しないので、肩面１９及び外輪１５が摩耗して円滑な予圧調整が困難になることを防止している。   Further, a worm gear mechanism is used for rotationally driving the holding plate 24 (ball 23), and a sufficient driving force is obtained with a large reduction ratio. Further, the preload is prevented from changing due to the holding plate 24 (ball 23) being rotated by the reaction force of the axial load acting on the rolling bearing. Further, since the annular members 21 and 22 of the preload adjusting mechanism 20 do not slide with the shoulder surface 19 and the outer ring 15, it is possible to prevent the shoulder surface 19 and the outer ring 15 from being worn and making smooth preload adjustment difficult. ing.

予圧調整機構２０は、デフケース５の軸方向両側にそれぞれ設けられている事が好ましいが、いずれか一方のみに設ける事もできる。
又、移動体として玉２３が予圧調整機構２０に組み込まれた構成について述べたが、本発明に係わる移動体はこれに限定されるものでは無く、ころ、くさび等の各種部材を使用する事ができる。さらに、本発明に係わる転がり軸受は円すいころ軸受に限定されるものでは無く、単列のアンギュラ玉軸受、タンデム型アンギュラ玉軸受等の予圧条件下で使用される各種転がり軸受を使用する事ができる。 The preload adjusting mechanisms 20 are preferably provided on both sides of the differential case 5 in the axial direction, but may be provided on only one of them.
Further, the configuration in which the ball 23 is incorporated in the preload adjusting mechanism 20 as the moving body has been described, but the moving body according to the present invention is not limited to this, and various members such as rollers and wedges may be used. it can. Furthermore, the rolling bearing according to the present invention is not limited to a tapered roller bearing, and various rolling bearings used under preload conditions such as a single row angular ball bearing and a tandem angular ball bearing can be used. .

本発明は、自動車のディファレンシャル装置、特にデフケースを回転自在に支承する転がり軸受装置に適用することができる。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be applied to an automobile differential device, particularly a rolling bearing device that rotatably supports a differential case.

１ ディファレンシャル装置
２ ハウジング
３ ドライブピニオンシャフト
４ ドライブピニオンギヤ
５ デフケース
６ リングギヤ
７ ドライブシャフト
８ ピニオンシャフト
９ ピニオンギヤ
１０ サイドギヤ
１１、１２ 円すいころ軸受
１３、１４ 円すいころ軸受
１５ 外輪
１６ 内輪
１７ 円すいころ
１８ 保持器
１９ 肩面
２０ 予圧調整機構
２１、２２ 円環部材
２３ 玉
２４ 保持板
２５ 傾斜溝
２６ 切欠き
２７ ポケット
３０ ウォームホイール
３１ ウォーム
４０ シム DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Differential apparatus 2 Housing 3 Drive pinion shaft 4 Drive pinion gear 5 Differential case 6 Ring gear 7 Drive shaft 8 Pinion shaft 9 Pinion gear 10 Side gear 11, 12 Tapered roller bearing 13, 14 Tapered roller bearing 15 Outer ring 16 Inner ring 17 Tapered roller 18 Holder 19 Surface 20 Preload adjusting mechanism 21, 22 Ring member 23 Ball 24 Holding plate 25 Inclined groove 26 Notch 27 Pocket 30 Worm wheel 31 Worm 40 Shim

Claims (3)

ハウジングと、このハウジングに回転自在に支持された回転体と、この回転体の軸方向両端に配置された複数の転がり軸受と、この転がり軸受に予圧を付与する予圧調整機構とを備え、前記転がり軸受は外輪と内輪と複数個の転動体とを有し、前記ハウジングに嵌合された前記外輪の軸方向端面とこの端面に対向する前記ハウジングの肩面との間に前記予圧調整機構を介装している転がり軸受装置に於いて、
前記予圧調整機構は、軸方向に対向する一対の円環部材と、これら円環部材の対向する各側面に形成されて周方向に関して深さが変化する複数の傾斜溝と、対向する傾斜溝の間に挟まれて配設された移動体と、この移動体を周方向に所定の間隔で保持する保持板とを備えており、
前記保持板及び移動体を前記円環部材に対して相対的に回転させることにより、各円環部材の軸方向距離を任意に変化させて予圧を調整することを特徴とする転がり軸受装置。 A housing, a rotating body rotatably supported by the housing, a plurality of rolling bearings disposed at both axial ends of the rotating body, and a preload adjusting mechanism for applying a preload to the rolling bearing, The bearing includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and a plurality of rolling elements, and the preload adjusting mechanism is interposed between an axial end surface of the outer ring fitted to the housing and a shoulder surface of the housing facing the end surface. In the mounted rolling bearing device,
The preload adjusting mechanism includes a pair of annular members opposed to each other in the axial direction, a plurality of inclined grooves formed on respective opposed side surfaces of the annular members and changing in depth with respect to the circumferential direction, and opposed inclined grooves. A moving body disposed between the holding body and a holding plate for holding the moving body in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval;
A rolling bearing device characterized by adjusting a preload by arbitrarily changing an axial distance of each annular member by rotating the holding plate and the moving body relative to the annular member. 前記円環部材には、前記ハウジングに対して前記円環部材が相対回転しない為の切り欠きを設け、前記保持板の外径縁にはギアを介して前記保持板を回転駆動する為の歯面を設けたことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The annular member is provided with a notch for preventing the annular member from rotating relative to the housing, and a tooth for rotationally driving the holding plate via a gear at an outer diameter edge of the holding plate. The rolling bearing device according to claim 1, further comprising a surface. 前記回転体が、ディファレンシャル装置を構成するデフケースであることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の転がり軸受装置。   The rolling bearing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating body is a differential case constituting a differential device.
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