JP2014037456A - Solid fuel and production method of the same - Google Patents
Solid fuel and production method of the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2014037456A JP2014037456A JP2012179264A JP2012179264A JP2014037456A JP 2014037456 A JP2014037456 A JP 2014037456A JP 2012179264 A JP2012179264 A JP 2012179264A JP 2012179264 A JP2012179264 A JP 2012179264A JP 2014037456 A JP2014037456 A JP 2014037456A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- raw material
- solid fuel
- organic waste
- rpf
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Landscapes
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、固形燃料およびその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a solid fuel and a method for producing the same.
従来、下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物を有効利用する方法としては、コンポスト化により肥料として利用されるほか、セメント会社での再利用などの方法に限定されており、大半のものは脱水、焼却処理後、埋め立て処分とされてきた。
そこで、近年では有機性廃棄物が保有している熱量を燃料として有効利用するための方法が盛んに検討されるようになってきた。ところが、有機性廃棄物を燃料として利用する場合、汚泥特有の悪臭が発生すること、および石炭などの代替燃料としては発熱量がやや低いという問題点があった。
Conventionally, organic waste such as sewage sludge is effectively used as fertilizer by composting, and is limited to reuse at cement companies. Most of them are dehydrated and incinerated. After processing, it has been disposed of in landfills.
Therefore, in recent years, methods for effectively using the amount of heat held by organic waste as fuel have been actively studied. However, when organic waste is used as a fuel, there is a problem that a bad odor peculiar to sludge is generated and a calorific value is somewhat low as an alternative fuel such as coal.
有機性廃棄物を燃料として利用するには、大きく分けると炭化処理と乾燥処理の２つの処理方式がある。
炭化処理で製造された製品は、大部分の臭気成分が除去されているため、悪臭発生に関する問題性は比較的少ない。ところが、乾燥処理と比較すると炭化処理工程は多大な投入エネルギーを必要とすることや、有機性廃棄物から多くの有機質成分を揮発させることから、炭化処理で製造された製品はコスト面および有機性廃棄物が持つ熱量を低下させるという欠点があった。
In order to use organic waste as a fuel, there are roughly two treatment methods: carbonization treatment and drying treatment.
Since most of the odor components are removed from the product produced by carbonization, there are relatively few problems related to the generation of malodor. However, compared with the drying process, the carbonization process requires a lot of input energy and volatilizes many organic components from organic waste. There was a drawback of reducing the amount of heat of waste.
乾燥処理方式は、投入エネルギーに関するコスト面や利用可能な回収エネルギー量が多い点で、炭化処理より有利となる一方、汚泥特有の悪臭が残存することが大きな課題であった。特に、乾燥処理方式で製造された製品は、吸水により臭気が更に強くなること、および燃料としての品質が著しく低下することから、持続性の高い臭気対策および品質を安定化する対策が必要であった。 The drying treatment method is more advantageous than the carbonization treatment in terms of the cost related to the input energy and the amount of recovered energy that can be used, but it has been a major problem that a bad odor peculiar to sludge remains. In particular, products manufactured by the dry treatment method have a stronger odor due to water absorption, and the quality as a fuel is significantly reduced. Therefore, measures for highly durable odors and measures to stabilize the quality are necessary. It was.
一方、ＲＰＦ（Ｒｅｆｕｓｅ Ｐａｐｅｒ ＆ Ｐｌａｓｔｉｃ Ｆｕｅｌ）は、発生履歴が明らかな産業廃棄物を原料とすることで安定した品質の固形燃料とされている。しかしながら、高品質のＲＰＦを製造するための原料供給量に制限があることや、廃プラスチックを主体として製造されたＲＰＦは高い発熱量を示すことから、石炭など発熱量が異なる他の燃料の代替品として使用する場合には利用量に制限があった。 On the other hand, RPF (Refuse Paper & Plastic Fuel) is a solid fuel of stable quality by using industrial waste as a raw material whose generation history is clear. However, because there is a limit to the amount of raw material supplied to produce high-quality RPF, and RPF produced mainly from waste plastic shows a high calorific value, it can replace other fuels with different calorific values, such as coal. When used as a product, there was a limit to the amount of use.
さらに、ＲＰＦに有機性廃棄物を混合して固形燃料を作製する方法が検討されている。
例えば特許文献１では、不溶融性可燃廃棄物に溶融原料を配合し、押出し成型機にてプラスチックを加熱溶融し、全体に分散粘結させることで撥水性の固形燃料を得る方法が記載されている。
また、特許文献２では、混合廃棄物から不燃物を除去して抽出した可燃廃棄物および廃プラスチックと、高水分の有機性廃棄物に乾燥処理を施した乾燥有機物とを用いてＲＰＦを製造する方法が記載されている。
Furthermore, a method for preparing a solid fuel by mixing an organic waste with RPF has been studied.
For example,
Moreover, in
しかしながら、特許文献１や特許文献２等に記載の従来の固形燃料や資源化された廃棄物は、悪臭が発生する場合があった。また、水に接触すると容易に水が浸漬して型崩れを生じる場合があった。
However, the conventional solid fuel described in
本発明は上記のような課題を解決することを目的とする。
すなわち、主として下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物およびＲＰＦ製造原料から製造される固形燃料であって、悪臭を発生し難く、水と接触しても水を吸収し難く、型崩れし難い固形燃料およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems.
That is, it is a solid fuel produced mainly from organic waste such as sewage sludge and RPF production raw material, which does not easily generate bad odor, hardly absorbs water even when contacted with water, and does not easily lose its shape. It aims at providing the manufacturing method.
本発明者は上記課題を解決するため鋭意検討し、本発明を完成させた。
本発明は以下の（１）〜（４）である。
（１）有機性廃棄物に含まれる水分の含有率に基づいて、前記有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整し、これらを含む混合原料を得る混合工程と、
前記混合原料から成型体を得る成型工程と、
を備える固形燃料の製造方法。
（２）前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率をｘ（質量％）、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）をｙとしたときに、下記式（Ｉ）を満たすように、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整する、上記（１）に記載の固形燃料の製造方法。
式（Ｉ）：ｙ≦−０．０４３６ｘ2＋１．７４５８ｘ＋４０．０
（３）ｘが０〜４５（質量％）であり、ｙが５５（質量％）以下である、上記（２）に記載の固形燃料の製造方法。
（４）上記（１）〜（３）のいずれかに記載の固形燃料の製造方法によって製造される固形燃料。
The inventor has intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has completed the present invention.
The present invention includes the following (1) to (4).
(1) Based on the moisture content contained in the organic waste, a mixing step of adjusting the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material to obtain a mixed raw material containing these,
A molding step of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A method for producing a solid fuel.
(2) The moisture content of the organic waste is x (mass%), and the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is y. The solid fuel production method according to (1) above, wherein the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula (I).
Formula (I): y ≦ −0.0436x 2 + 1.7458x + 40.0
(3) The method for producing a solid fuel according to (2), wherein x is 0 to 45 (mass%) and y is 55 (mass%) or less.
(4) A solid fuel produced by the method for producing a solid fuel according to any one of (1) to (3) above.
本発明によれば、主として下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物およびＲＰＦ製造原料から製造される固形燃料であって、悪臭を発生し難く、水と接触しても水を吸収し難く、型崩れし難い固形燃料およびその製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is a solid fuel produced mainly from organic waste such as sewage sludge and raw materials for producing RPF, which does not easily generate bad odor, hardly absorbs water even when contacted with water, and loses its shape. It is possible to provide a difficult solid fuel and a method for producing the same.
本発明について説明する。
本発明は、有機性廃棄物に含まれる水分の含有率に基づいて、前記有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整し、これらを含む混合原料を得る混合工程と、前記混合原料から成型体を得る成型工程と、を備える固形燃料の製造方法である。
このような固形燃料の製造方法を、以下では「本発明の製造方法」ともいう。
The present invention will be described.
The present invention adjusts the mixing ratio between the organic waste and the RPF raw material based on the content of water contained in the organic waste, and obtains a mixed raw material containing these, and the mixed raw material And a molding process for obtaining a molded body from the solid fuel.
Hereinafter, such a method for producing a solid fuel is also referred to as “the production method of the present invention”.
本発明の製造方法における各工程について、以下に説明する。 Each step in the production method of the present invention will be described below.
＜混合工程＞
本発明が備える混合工程について説明する。
混合工程では、初めに、有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料とを用意する。
<Mixing process>
The mixing process with which this invention is provided is demonstrated.
In the mixing step, first, an organic waste and an RPF production raw material are prepared.
有機性廃棄物とは、下水汚泥、し尿汚泥、食品廃棄物（生ごみ、焼酎粕、コーヒー粕等）、畜産廃棄物（牛糞尿、豚糞尿等）等である。より具体的には、下水処理施設や食品工場等から排出され、活性汚泥法や嫌気性消化法等によって水処理して生じる有機成分を含む汚泥が例示される。
また、通常の下水汚泥、し尿汚泥、食品廃棄物、畜産廃棄物等に脱水処理や乾燥処理を施した後のものであってもよい。
有機性廃棄物の成分、水分などの性状は特に限定されず、通常の下水汚泥、し尿汚泥、食品廃棄物、畜産廃棄物等と同様であってよい。
Organic waste includes sewage sludge, human waste sludge, food waste (such as food waste, shochu, and coffee lees), and livestock waste (such as cow manure and pig manure). More specifically, sludge containing organic components discharged from a sewage treatment facility, a food factory, and the like and generated by water treatment by an activated sludge method, an anaerobic digestion method, or the like is exemplified.
Moreover, the thing after performing a dehydration process or a drying process to normal sewage sludge, human waste sludge, food waste, livestock waste, etc. may be sufficient.
Properties of organic waste such as components and moisture are not particularly limited, and may be the same as ordinary sewage sludge, human waste sludge, food waste, livestock waste, and the like.
有機性廃棄物が、下水処理施設や食品工場等から排出される、活性汚泥法や嫌気性消化法等によって水処理した際に生じる有機成分を含む汚泥である場合、通常、遠心脱水や圧縮脱水等によって、含水率は８０質量％程度に調整されており、その性状は粘土状の軟質体である。
また、このような含水率が８０質量％程度の汚泥に乾燥処理を施した後のものを、混合工程において有機性廃棄物として利用することが好ましい。ここで、含水率が８０質量％程度の汚泥を乾燥するための方法は特に限定されず、例えば従来公知の方法を適用することができるが、乾燥処理の対象物に過度の熱が加わらないように、間接加熱方式や減圧加熱方式の乾燥機を用いて乾燥することが好ましい。
When organic waste is sludge containing organic components discharged from sewage treatment facilities, food factories, etc. and generated by water treatment by the activated sludge method or anaerobic digestion method, etc., usually centrifugal dehydration or compression dehydration The water content is adjusted to about 80% by mass and the like, and its property is a clay-like soft body.
Moreover, it is preferable to use the thing after performing a drying process to such a sludge whose water content is about 80 mass% as an organic waste in a mixing process. Here, the method for drying the sludge having a water content of about 80% by mass is not particularly limited. For example, a conventionally known method can be applied, but excessive heat is not applied to the object to be dried. Furthermore, it is preferable to dry using an indirect heating type or reduced pressure heating type dryer.
本発明の製造方法では、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率を測定し、これを把握する。後に詳細に説明するように、この水分含有率に基づいて、前記有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を最適値に調整するからである。
有機性廃棄物の水分含有率（質量％）は約５０ｇの有機性廃棄物を１０５℃に調整した乾燥機内に２０時間保持し、この乾燥処理によって減った質量を水分として算出して求める値を意味するものとする。
このような方法で測定して求めた水分含有率（質量％）が、後述する式（Ｉ）におけるｘである。
In the production method of the present invention, the moisture content of the organic waste is measured and grasped. This is because, as will be described in detail later, the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is adjusted to an optimum value based on the moisture content.
The moisture content (% by mass) of the organic waste is a value obtained by calculating about 50 g of organic waste in a dryer adjusted to 105 ° C. for 20 hours, and calculating the mass reduced by this drying process as moisture. Shall mean.
The water content (mass%) obtained by measurement by such a method is x in the formula (I) described later.
有機性廃棄物が上記のような汚泥（好ましくは乾燥処理後の汚泥）である場合、この汚泥の発熱量は、通常、ドライベースで４０００〜５０００kcal/kg程度である。 When the organic waste is sludge as described above (preferably sludge after drying treatment), the calorific value of this sludge is usually about 4000 to 5000 kcal / kg on a dry basis.
なお、本発明においてドライベースとは、水分以外の成分に基づくことを意味するものとする。例えばドライベースでの質量を求める際は、含水状態での質量を測定し、前述の有機性廃棄物の水分含有率の測定方法と同様の方法によって測定した水分含有率を用いて、水分以外の質量、すなわちドライベースでの質量を算出して求めるものとする。 In addition, in this invention, dry base shall mean based on components other than a water | moisture content. For example, when determining the mass on a dry basis, measure the mass in a water-containing state, and use the moisture content measured by the same method as the method for measuring the moisture content of the organic waste described above. The mass, that is, the mass on a dry base is calculated and obtained.
したがって、ドライベースの発熱量を求める際は、測定対象物（汚泥等）を乾燥させ、乾燥状態での発熱量を測定する。 Therefore, when obtaining the calorific value of the dry base, the measurement object (sludge etc.) is dried and the calorific value in the dry state is measured.
ＲＰＦ製造原料について説明する。
ＲＰＦとは、通常、産業系廃棄物のうち、マテリアルリサイクルが困難な廃プラスチックや古紙を原料とした高カロリー固形燃料を意味する。本発明の製造方法においてＲＰＦ製造原料とは、このような通常のＲＰＦを製造するために用いることができる廃プラスチックや古紙を主成分とする原料を意味するが、すでに固形燃料の態様となっているＲＰＦも含まれるものとする。
また、プラスチックおよび／または紙を主成分（プラスチックと紙との合計が概ね５０質量％以上の含有率とする）とする原料であれば、本発明の製造方法におけるＲＰＦ製造原料に含まれるものとする。
The raw material for producing RPF will be described.
RPF usually means a high-calorie solid fuel made from waste plastic or waste paper that is difficult to recycle among industrial waste. In the production method of the present invention, the RPF production raw material means a raw material mainly composed of waste plastic or waste paper that can be used to produce such a normal RPF, but it has already become a form of solid fuel. RPF is also included.
Moreover, if it is a raw material which has a plastic and / or paper as a main component (the sum total of a plastic and paper shall be about 50 mass% or more), it shall be contained in the RPF manufacturing raw material in the manufacturing method of this invention. To do.
ＲＰＦ製造原料が含み得るプラスチック（廃プラスチックを含む。以下、同様。）の種類は特に限定されないが、燃焼により有毒ガスを生じないものが好ましい。例えばポリスチレン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンであることが好ましい。 The types of plastics (including waste plastics, the same shall apply hereinafter) that can be contained in the raw material for RPF production are not particularly limited, but those that do not generate toxic gas by combustion are preferred. For example, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene are preferable.
プラスチックおよび紙（古紙を含む。以下、同様。）以外に、ＲＰＦ製造原料が含んでもよいものとして、例えば廃木材が挙げられる。 In addition to plastic and paper (including waste paper, the same applies hereinafter), examples of materials that may be contained in the RPF production raw material include waste wood.
ＲＰＦ製造原料の形状等は特に限定されず、従来公知のＲＰＦを製造するために用いることができる原料と同様であってよい。例えばＲＰＦ製造原料が含むプラスチックであれば、そのプラスチックは０．１〜５ｍｍ程度の粒状、１〜３００ｍｍ２程度の面積のフィルム状またはひも状のものであってよい。例えばＲＰＦ製造原料が含む紙であれば、その紙は０．０１〜４００ｍｍ２程度の面積の紙片であってよい。 The shape or the like of the RPF production raw material is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the raw material that can be used for producing a conventionally known RPF. For example, if it is a plastic contained in the RPF production raw material, the plastic may be in the form of a film or string having a grain size of about 0.1 to 5 mm and an area of about 1 to 300 mm 2 . For example, if it is the paper which RPF manufacturing raw material contains, the paper may be a piece of paper with an area of about 0.01 to 400 mm 2 .
また、ＲＰＦ製造原料の水分は特に限定されず、従来公知のＲＰＦを製造するために用いることができる原料と同様であってよく、例えば０〜３０質量％の水分含有率であってよい。ＲＰＦ製造原料の水分は、１質量％以上であってよく、２０質量％以下であることが好ましい。 Moreover, the water content of the RPF production raw material is not particularly limited, and may be the same as the raw material that can be used for producing a conventionally known RPF, for example, a water content of 0 to 30% by mass. The water content of the RPF production raw material may be 1% by mass or more, and preferably 20% by mass or less.
本発明の製造方法が備える混合工程では、上記のような有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料とを混合して混合原料を得るが、有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を、有機性廃棄物に含まれる水分の含有率に基づいて調整する。 In the mixing step provided in the production method of the present invention, the organic waste and the RPF production raw material as described above are mixed to obtain a mixed raw material. The mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is adjusted to the organic ratio. Adjust based on the moisture content of the waste.
本発明者は鋭意検討し、有機性廃棄物に含まれる水分の含有率に基づいて有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整し、最適化することで、悪臭を発生し難く、水と接触しても水を吸収し難く、型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られることを見出した。また、好ましくは、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率と、前記有機性廃棄物および前記ＲＰＦ製造原料の合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）とが、特定の関係式を満たすように調整すると、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られることも見出した The inventor diligently studied and adjusted the mixing ratio between the organic waste and the RPF production raw material based on the moisture content contained in the organic waste, and optimizing it. It was found that a solid fuel that hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape even when contacted with water can be obtained. Preferably, the moisture content of the organic waste and the ratio (% by mass) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for producing the RPF have a specific relational expression. It has also been found that when adjusted to satisfy, solid fuel that does not generate more bad odor, absorbs water more easily and does not lose its shape is obtained.
また、本発明の製造方法によって得られる固形燃料は、型崩れし難いので、その結果、粉塵を発生し難いと考えられる。 Further, the solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention is unlikely to lose its shape, and as a result, it is considered difficult to generate dust.
本発明の製造方法によると、有機性廃棄物の混合比を高くしても、得られる固形燃料は悪臭を発生し難く、かつ、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い。具体的には、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）を３５〜５５質量％程度にまで高めることもできる。この場合であっても、悪臭が発生し難く、かつ、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料を得ることができる。このためには、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率に着目し、これを最適値に調整したうえで、さらに、この水分含有率の場合に最適な有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比に調整する。 According to the production method of the present invention, even if the mixing ratio of the organic waste is increased, the obtained solid fuel does not easily generate a bad odor, does not easily absorb water, and does not easily lose its shape. Specifically, the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material can be increased to about 35 to 55 mass%. Even in this case, it is possible to obtain a solid fuel that is less likely to generate bad odor, hardly absorbs water, and hardly loses its shape. For this purpose, paying attention to the water content of organic waste, adjusting it to an optimum value, and further mixing ratio of organic waste and RPF production raw material optimal for this water content Adjust to.
また、ＲＰＦ製造原料は、供給量に制限がある場合がある。すなわち、ＲＰＦ製造原料の割合を少なくし、その分、有機性廃棄物の割合を多くする必要がある場合がある。このような場合であっても、本発明の製造方法によれば、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率に着目し、これを最適値に調整することで、ＲＰＦ製造原料の割合を少なくし、その分、有機性廃棄物の割合を多くしたうえで、悪臭が発生し難く、かつ、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料を得ることができる。
逆に、ＲＰＦ製造原料の割合を多くする必要がある場合も、本発明の製造方法によって適切に対応することができる。すなわち、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率に着目し、これを最適値に調整することで、ＲＰＦ製造原料の割合を多くし、その分、有機性廃棄物の割合を少なくしたうえで、悪臭が発生し難く、かつ、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料を得ることができる。
In addition, the supply amount of the RPF production raw material may be limited. That is, it may be necessary to reduce the proportion of RPF production raw material and increase the proportion of organic waste accordingly. Even in such a case, according to the production method of the present invention, paying attention to the moisture content of the organic waste, and adjusting this to the optimum value, the ratio of the RPF production raw material is reduced, Therefore, it is possible to obtain a solid fuel that is less likely to generate bad odor and hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape after increasing the proportion of organic waste.
Conversely, when it is necessary to increase the proportion of the RPF production raw material, it can be appropriately handled by the production method of the present invention. That is, paying attention to the moisture content of organic waste and adjusting it to the optimum value, the proportion of RPF production raw material is increased, the proportion of organic waste is reduced accordingly, It is possible to obtain a solid fuel that does not easily generate and that hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape.
前述の好ましい態様について説明する。前述のように、有機性廃棄物の水分含有率と、前記有機性廃棄物および前記ＲＰＦ製造原料の合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）とが、特定の関係式を満たすように調整すると、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。 The preferred embodiment described above will be described. As described above, the moisture content of the organic waste and the ratio (% by mass) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for producing the RPF have a specific relational expression. It is preferable to adjust so as to satisfy the condition because a solid fuel that does not generate a more bad odor and hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape is obtained.
ここで、前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率をｘ（質量％）とする。ｘの測定方法は前述のとおりである。
また、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量（ドライベース）に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量（ドライベース）の割合（質量％）をｙとする。
この場合、次に示す式（Ｉ）を満たすように、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整して得た混合原料を用いると、本発明の製造方法によって得られる固形燃料は、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られる。
式（Ｉ）：ｙ≦−０．０４３６ｘ2＋１．７４５８ｘ＋４０．０
Here, the moisture content of the organic waste is assumed to be x (mass%). The measuring method of x is as described above.
Moreover, the ratio (mass%) of the mass (dry base) of the organic waste to the total mass (dry base) of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is y.
In this case, if the mixed raw material obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF manufacturing raw material so as to satisfy the following formula (I) is used, the solid obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention is used. The fuel does not generate a foul odor, and a solid fuel that hardly absorbs water and does not easily lose its shape can be obtained.
Formula (I): y ≦ −0.0436x 2 + 1.7458x + 40.0
式（Ｉ）において、ｘが０〜４５（質量％）、かつ、ｙが５５（質量％）以下であることが好ましい。ｙは５０以下であることより好ましく、３５以下であることがより好ましく、３０以下であることがさらに好ましい。
前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率を０〜４５（質量％）に調整すると、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）を５５質量％程度にまで高めても、本発明の製造方法によって、悪臭を発生せず、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。
In the formula (I), it is preferable that x is 0 to 45 (mass%) and y is 55 (mass%) or less. y is more preferably 50 or less, more preferably 35 or less, and even more preferably 30 or less.
When the moisture content of the organic waste is adjusted to 0 to 45 (mass%), the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for RPF production is adjusted. Even if it raises to about 55 mass%, since the manufacturing method of this invention does not generate | occur | produce a bad odor, a solid fuel which is hard to absorb water and is hard to lose shape is preferable.
また、式（Ｉ）において、ｘが１０〜３０（質量％）、かつ、ｙが５５（質量％）以下であることが好ましい。ｙは５０以下であることより好ましく、３５以下であることがより好ましく、３０以下であることがさらに好ましい。
前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率を１０〜３０（質量％）に調整すると、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）５５質量％程度にまで高めても、本発明の製造方法によって、悪臭を発生せず、水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。
Moreover, in Formula (I), it is preferable that x is 10-30 (mass%) and y is 55 (mass%) or less. y is more preferably 50 or less, more preferably 35 or less, and even more preferably 30 or less.
When the water content of the organic waste is adjusted to 10 to 30 (mass%), the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material 55 Even if it is increased to about mass%, the production method of the present invention is preferable because it produces a solid fuel that does not generate bad odor, hardly absorbs water, and hardly loses its shape.
また、ｘとｙとの関係が、次に示す式（ＩＩ）の関係式を満たす場合、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整して得た混合原料を用いると、本発明の製造方法によって得られる固形燃料は、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られる。
式（ＩＩ）：ｙ≦−０．０３４２ｘ2＋１．４１５７ｘ＋２０．４
Further, when the relationship between x and y satisfies the following relational expression (II), when using a mixed raw material obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material, The solid fuel obtained by the production method of the present invention produces a solid fuel that does not generate a more bad odor, is less likely to absorb water, and is less likely to lose its shape.
Formula (II): y ≦ −0.0342x 2 + 1.4157x + 20.4
式（ＩＩ）において、ｘが０〜４５（質量％）、かつ、ｙが３５（質量％）以下であることが好ましい。ｙは３０以下であることより好ましく、２５以下であることがさらに好ましい。
前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率を０〜４５（質量％）に調整すると、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）を３５質量％程度にまで高めても、本発明の製造方法によって、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。
In the formula (II), x is preferably 0 to 45 (mass%) and y is 35 (mass%) or less. y is more preferably 30 or less, and further preferably 25 or less.
When the moisture content of the organic waste is adjusted to 0 to 45 (mass%), the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for RPF production is adjusted. Even if it raises to about 35 mass%, since the manufacturing method of this invention does not generate | occur | produce a more bad odor, a solid fuel which cannot absorb water more easily and is not easy to lose its shape is preferable.
また、式（ＩＩ）において、ｘが１０〜３０（質量％）、かつ、ｙが３５（質量％）以下であることが好ましい。ｙは３０以下であることより好ましく、２５以下であることがさらに好ましい。
前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率を１０〜３０（質量％）に調整すると、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）を３５質量％程度にまで高めても、本発明の製造方法によって、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。
Moreover, in Formula (II), it is preferable that x is 10-30 (mass%) and y is 35 (mass%) or less. y is more preferably 30 or less, and further preferably 25 or less.
When the moisture content of the organic waste is adjusted to 10 to 30 (mass%), the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is set. Even if it raises to about 35 mass%, since the manufacturing method of this invention does not generate | occur | produce a more bad odor, a solid fuel which cannot absorb water more easily and is not easy to lose its shape is preferable.
さらに、式（ＩＩ）において、ｘが０〜４０（質量％）、かつ、ｙが２０（質量％）以下であることが特に好ましい。
前記有機性廃棄物の水分含有率が０〜４０（質量％）の広い範囲において、前記有機性廃棄物と前記ＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する前記有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）を２０質量％以下とすることで、本発明の製造方法によって、より悪臭を発生せず、より水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるので好ましい。
Further, in the formula (II), it is particularly preferable that x is 0 to 40 (mass%) and y is 20 (mass%) or less.
In a wide range where the water content of the organic waste is 0 to 40 (mass%), the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for RPF production Is preferably 20% by mass or less, because the production method of the present invention can produce a solid fuel that does not generate bad odor, absorbs water more easily, and does not lose its shape.
混合工程では、上記のようにして前記有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との混合比を調整し、これらを含む混合原料を得る。 In the mixing step, the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material is adjusted as described above to obtain a mixed raw material containing these.
混合原料が前記有機性廃棄物および前記ＲＰＦ製造原料以外にその他の成分として含んでもよいものとして、おがくず等の木屑、繊維屑などが挙げられる。
その他の成分の含有率は、混合原料中において２０質量％以下であることが好ましく、５質量％以下であることがより好ましい。
Examples of what the mixed raw material may contain as other components in addition to the organic waste and the RPF production raw material include wood waste such as sawdust and fiber waste.
The content of other components is preferably 20% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less in the mixed raw material.
前記有機性廃棄物および前記ＲＰＦ製造原料ならびに必要に応じてその他の成分を混合して混合原料を得る場合、混合する方法は特に限定されず、例えば従来公知の方法を適用することができる。例えば従来公知のミキサーを用いる方法や、回転駆動体による混合方式や振動による混合方式などを適用することができる。 When the organic waste, the RPF production raw material, and other components as necessary are mixed to obtain a mixed raw material, the mixing method is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method can be applied. For example, a method using a conventionally known mixer, a mixing method using a rotary driving body, a mixing method using vibration, or the like can be applied.
＜成型工程＞
次に、本発明の製造方法が備える成型工程について説明する。
成型工程では、前記混合原料から成型体を得る。
前記混合原料から成型体を得る方法は特に限定されず、例えばＲＰＦを製造する際に適用する従来公知の方法を適用することができる。
具体的には、例えば前記混合原料をブリケットマシンの型に入れ、加熱しながら、または加熱した後に、圧縮加工することで、所望の形状の成型体を得ることができる。ここで加熱は、混合原料が含むプラスチックを軟化する温度（通常１３０〜１６０℃程度）で行うことが好ましい。表面における撥水性が向上し、水を接触しても水を吸収し難く型崩れし難い固形燃料が得られるからである。
また、従来公知の押し出し成型機を用いて、前記混合原料から成型体を得ることもできる。また、従来公知のペレットミルを用いて、前記混合原料から成型体を得ることもできる。
<Molding process>
Next, the molding process included in the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described.
In the molding step, a molded body is obtained from the mixed raw material.
A method of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method applied when manufacturing RPF can be applied.
Specifically, for example, a molded body having a desired shape can be obtained by putting the mixed raw material into a briquette machine mold and performing compression processing while heating or after heating. Here, the heating is preferably performed at a temperature (usually about 130 to 160 ° C.) that softens the plastic contained in the mixed raw material. This is because the water repellency on the surface is improved, and a solid fuel that hardly absorbs water and does not lose its shape even when it comes into contact with water can be obtained.
Moreover, a molded object can also be obtained from the said mixed raw material using a conventionally well-known extrusion molding machine. Moreover, a molded object can also be obtained from the said mixed raw material using a conventionally well-known pellet mill.
なお、前記混合工程における混合と、前記成型工程における成型とを１つの装置を用いて連続的に行うこともできる。このような場合であっても、本発明の製造方法の範囲内である。 The mixing in the mixing step and the molding in the molding step can be performed continuously using a single device. Even such a case is within the scope of the production method of the present invention.
このような本発明の製造方法によって、前記成型体としての固形燃料を得ることができる。
固形燃料の形状や大きさは特に限定されない。例えば断面直径が３〜４０ｍｍ（好ましくは６〜３０ｍｍ）で長手方向の長さが１〜１０ｃｍ（好ましくは２〜７ｃｍ）の円柱状のものが挙げられる。
By such a production method of the present invention, a solid fuel as the molded body can be obtained.
The shape and size of the solid fuel are not particularly limited. For example, a cylindrical shape having a cross-sectional diameter of 3 to 40 mm (preferably 6 to 30 mm) and a length in the longitudinal direction of 1 to 10 cm (preferably 2 to 7 cm) can be used.
＜実験１＞
図１に示すフローに則り、固形燃料を製造した。
図１に示すように、初めに、嫌気性消化汚泥１１を１０５℃に調整した乾燥機１内に保持して乾燥処理を施した。ここで乾燥時間を変更することで、含水率がそれぞれ５０質量％、４０質量％、２０質量％、１０質量％および１質量である５種類の有機性廃棄物１２を得た。そして、これらの有機性廃棄物１２に対して、廃プラスチックを主体としたＲＰＦ製造原料１３（廃プラスチックと紙ごみとを質量比で６０：４０で混合したもの）をドライベースで２５質量％から９５質量％まで様々の割合で混合したものを混合機２に投入して混合し、固形燃料を作製するための原料としての混合原料１４を得た。その後、この混合原料１４を各々成型機３（押し出し成型機）に投入し、加熱・圧縮加工することで固形燃料１５を得た。
<
Solid fuel was manufactured according to the flow shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, first, the anaerobic digested
次に、得られた固形燃料について、各々３０ｇを分取し、１Ｌの水道水を入れた容器中で浸漬処理を１０分間施した。得られた、吸水処理を施した固形燃料を「水浸漬処理品」と記す。 Next, 30 g of each of the obtained solid fuels was collected and immersed in a container containing 1 L of tap water for 10 minutes. The obtained solid fuel subjected to the water absorption treatment is referred to as a “water immersion treatment product”.
次に、得られた固形燃料および水浸漬処理品について、各々１５ｇを分取し、各々を別々の５Ｌ容の臭気分析用袋に入れた。そして、袋内に臭気除去処理を施した空気を充填した後、袋を３０℃で保存した。２４時間後、袋内の硫化水素、脂肪酸、アルデヒドおよびアンモニアの各臭気成分の濃度を検知管を用いて分析した。
固形燃料および水浸漬処理品の各々について臭気成分の濃度を分析した結果および臭気強度の評価を行った結果を第１表に示す。また、固形燃料に水浸漬処理を施したときの含水率の変化および強度変化を第２表に示す。
なお、臭気強度の評価は、悪臭防止法で事業所の敷地境界線での規制基準として採用されている方法によって行った。
Next, 15 g of each of the obtained solid fuel and water-immersed processed product was collected and placed in a separate 5 L odor analysis bag. Then, after the bag was filled with air subjected to odor removal treatment, the bag was stored at 30 ° C. After 24 hours, the concentration of each odor component of hydrogen sulfide, fatty acid, aldehyde, and ammonia in the bag was analyzed using a detector tube.
Table 1 shows the results of analyzing the concentration of odor components and the evaluation of odor intensity for each of the solid fuel and the water-immersed product. Table 2 shows changes in moisture content and changes in strength when the solid fuel is subjected to water immersion treatment.
The odor intensity was evaluated by a method adopted as a regulation standard at the site boundary line of the office in the Odor Prevention Law.
［実施例１、実施例２、比較例１］
含水率を５０質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を９５質量％（ドライベース。以下の実施例におけるＲＰＦ製造原料および有機性廃棄物の混合比率において同様。）の質量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品（以下の実施例において、水浸漬処理を施していない固体原料を「未処理品」ともいう。）および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を８５質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を７０質量％まで下げると、主に脂肪酸およびアンモニアの臭気濃度が高くなることにより、固形燃料の臭気強度は未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも５となり、強烈な臭いが発生した。また、水浸漬処理によって給水し、固形燃料は型崩れを起こした。
[Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1]
When an organic waste having a water content of 50% by mass is used, the mass of the RPF production raw material is 95% by mass (dry base; the same applies to the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material and organic waste in the following examples). The odor intensity of the solid fuel mixed and molded by the ratio is 1 for both untreated products (in the following examples, solid raw materials not subjected to water immersion treatment are also referred to as “untreated products”) and water immersion treated products. The level was almost odorless. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 85% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level that was not worrisome. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material is lowered to 70% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel mainly increases due to the increase in the odor concentration of fatty acid and ammonia. Odor occurred. Moreover, water was supplied by the water immersion treatment, and the solid fuel was deformed.
［実施例３、実施例４、比較例２］
含水率を４０質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を８０質量％の質量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を６０質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を４０質量％まで下げると、固形燃料の臭気強度は４となり臭いを十分認識できるレベルとなった。また、水浸漬処理品の場合は臭気強度５となり強烈な臭いが発生し、固形燃料は吸水により型崩れを起こした。
[Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 2]
When organic waste with a moisture content of 40% by mass is used, the odor intensity of the solid fuel in which RPF raw materials are mixed and molded at a mass ratio of 80% by mass is 1 for both untreated and water-immersed products. The level was almost odorless. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 60% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level of concern. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was lowered to 40% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 4, which was a level at which the odor could be sufficiently recognized. Further, in the case of the water-immersed product, the odor intensity was 5 and a strong odor was generated, and the solid fuel was deformed due to water absorption.
［実施例５、実施例６、比較例３］
含水率を３０質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を７０％の質量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を５０質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を３０％質量まで下げると、固形燃料の臭気強度は４となり臭いを十分認識できるレベルとなった。また、水浸漬処理品の場合は臭気強度５となり強烈な臭いが発生し、固形燃料は吸水により型崩れを起こした。
[Example 5, Example 6, Comparative Example 3]
When organic waste with a moisture content of 30% by mass is used, the odor intensity of the solid fuel obtained by mixing and molding the RPF production raw material at a mass ratio of 70% is 1 for both untreated and water-immersed products. It was a level with almost no smell. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 50% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level that was not worrisome. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was lowered to 30% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel became 4, which was a level at which the odor could be sufficiently recognized. Further, in the case of the water-immersed product, the odor intensity was 5 and a strong odor was generated, and the solid fuel was deformed due to water absorption.
［実施例７、実施例８、比較例４］
含水率を２０質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を６５質量％の質量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を４５質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を２５質量％まで下げると、固形燃料の臭気強度は３となり臭いを十分認識できるレベルとなった。また、水浸漬処理品の場合は臭気強度４となり強い臭いが発生し、固形燃料は吸水により型崩れを起こした。
[Example 7, Example 8, Comparative Example 4]
When organic waste with a moisture content of 20% by mass is used, the odor strength of solid fuel in which RPF production raw materials are mixed and molded at a mass ratio of 65% by mass is 1 for both untreated and water-immersed products. The level was almost odorless. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 45% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level of concern. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was lowered to 25% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel became 3, which was a level at which the odor could be recognized sufficiently. Further, in the case of a water immersion treatment product, the odor intensity was 4 and a strong odor was generated, and the solid fuel was deformed due to water absorption.
［実施例９、実施例１０、比較例５］
含水率を１０質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を７０質量％の重量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を５０質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を３０質量％まで下げると、固形燃料の臭気強度は４となり強い臭いが発生した。また、水浸漬処理品の場合は臭気強度５となり強烈な臭いが発生し、固形燃料は吸水により型崩れを起こした。
[Example 9, Example 10, Comparative Example 5]
When organic waste with a moisture content of 10% by mass is used, the odor intensity of the solid fuel in which RPF production raw materials are mixed and molded at a weight ratio of 70% by mass is 1 for both untreated and water-immersed products. The level was almost odorless. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 50% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level that was not worrisome. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was lowered to 30% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 4 and a strong odor was generated. Further, in the case of the water-immersed product, the odor intensity was 5 and a strong odor was generated, and the solid fuel was deformed due to water absorption.
［実施例１１、実施例１２、比較例６］
含水率を１質量％とした有機性廃棄物を使用した場合、ＲＰＦ製造原料を８０質量％の質量比で混合・成型した固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも１となり、ほとんど臭わないレベルであった。また、水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を６０質量％にすると、固形燃料の臭気強度は、未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも２となり、あまり気にならないレベルであった。また、同条件でも水浸漬による影響はほとんど無かった。一方、ＲＰＦ製造原料の混合割合を４０質量％まで下げると、固形燃料の臭気強度は未処理品および水浸漬処理品とも５となり、強烈な臭いが発生した。また、水浸漬処理によって給水し、固形燃料は型崩れを起こした。
[Example 11, Example 12, Comparative Example 6]
When organic waste with a moisture content of 1% by mass is used, the odor intensity of the solid fuel in which RPF raw materials are mixed and molded at a mass ratio of 80% by mass is 1 for both untreated and water-immersed products. The level was almost odorless. Moreover, there was almost no influence by water immersion. When the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was 60% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 2 for both the untreated product and the water-immersed product, which was a level of concern. Even under the same conditions, there was almost no influence by water immersion. On the other hand, when the mixing ratio of the RPF production raw material was lowered to 40% by mass, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was 5 for both the untreated product and the water immersion treated product, and a strong odor was generated. Moreover, water was supplied by the water immersion treatment, and the solid fuel was deformed.
第１表および第２表より、有機性廃棄物の含水率をｘ、有機性廃棄物とＲＰＦ製造原料との合計質量に対する有機性廃棄物の質量の割合（質量％）をｙとしたとき、ｙ≦−０．０４３６ｘ2＋１．７４５８ｘ＋４０．０の関係式を満たす場合に固形燃料の臭気強度が低く、水浸漬処理による型崩れが生じないことを確認できた。また、ｙ≦−０．０３４２ｘ2＋１．４１５７ｘ＋２０．４の関係式を満たす場合に、固形燃料の臭気強度がより低く、水浸漬処理による型崩れが生じないことを確認できた。 From Table 1 and Table 2, when the moisture content of organic waste is x, and the ratio (mass%) of the mass of organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and RPF production raw material is y, It was confirmed that when satisfying the relational expression of y ≦ −0.0436x 2 + 1.7458x + 40.0, the odor intensity of the solid fuel was low and no deformation occurred due to the water immersion treatment. Moreover, when satisfy | filling the relational expression of y <=-0.0342x < 2 > + 1.4157x + 20.4, it has confirmed that the odor intensity | strength of solid fuel was lower and the shape loss by a water immersion process did not arise.
＜実験２＞
下水処理場で発生した汚泥に乾燥処理を施し、含水率が２０質量％の有機性廃棄物を得た。この有機性廃棄物に対して、廃プラスチックを主体としたＲＰＦ製造原料を質量ベース（ドライベース）で１：９から８：２まで、さまざまの割合で混合した８種類の混合原料を調製し、固形燃料を作製する原料としての混合原料を得た。固形燃料を作製する各混合原料を押出し式成型装置に投入し、加熱・圧縮加工することで８種類の固形燃料を得た。
<
The sludge generated at the sewage treatment plant was dried to obtain an organic waste having a water content of 20% by mass. For this organic waste, 8 kinds of mixed raw materials were prepared by mixing RPF production raw materials mainly composed of waste plastics in a mass ratio (dry base) from 1: 9 to 8: 2, A mixed raw material was obtained as a raw material for producing a solid fuel. Each mixed raw material for producing the solid fuel was put into an extrusion molding apparatus, and heated and compressed to obtain 8 types of solid fuel.
得られた８種類の固形燃料について、各々１５ｇを分取し、５Ｌ容の臭気分析用袋に入れた。袋内に臭気除去処理を施した空気を充填した後、袋を３０℃で２４時間保存した後、袋内の臭気強度の評価を行った。
臭気強度の測定方法は実験１の場合と同様である。
About 8 types of obtained solid fuel, 15g was fractionated, respectively, and it put in the bag for 5 L odor analysis. After the bag was filled with odor-removed air, the bag was stored at 30 ° C. for 24 hours, and then the odor intensity in the bag was evaluated.
The method for measuring the odor intensity is the same as in
次に、臭気強度の評価を行った後、それぞれの固形燃料を乳鉢に入れ、粉砕した。各固形燃料の粉砕物について、熱量計により、発熱量の分析を行った。
結果を第３表に示す。
Next, after evaluating the odor intensity, each solid fuel was put in a mortar and pulverized. About each pulverized solid fuel, the calorific value was analyzed with a calorimeter.
The results are shown in Table 3.
第３表に示すように、得られた８種類の固形燃料は全て臭気強度が１から２となり、ほとんど臭わない、またはあまり気にならないレベルであった。また、各固形燃料の発熱量は、有機性廃棄物に対して、廃プラスチックを主体としたＲＰＦ製造原料を質量ベース（ドライベース）で８：２の割合で混合したもので４，９００kcal/kgとなり、その他、７：３、６：４、５：５、４：６、３：７、２：８および１：９の割合で混合したものではそれぞれ５，４００kcal/kg、５，７００kcal/kg、６，１００kcal/kg、６，５００kcal/kg、６，９００kcal/kg、７，２００kcal/kgおよび７，６００kcal/kgとなった。 As shown in Table 3, all of the 8 kinds of solid fuels obtained had an odor intensity of 1 to 2 and were of a level that hardly odors or was not bothered by much. The calorific value of each solid fuel is 4,900 kcal / kg, which is an organic waste mixed with RPF production raw materials mainly composed of waste plastics in a mass base (dry base) ratio of 8: 2. In addition, the mixture of 7: 3, 6: 4, 5: 5, 4: 6, 3: 7, 2: 8 and 1: 9 is 5,400 kcal / kg and 5,700 kcal / kg, respectively. 6,100 kcal / kg, 6,500 kcal / kg, 6,900 kcal / kg, 7,200 kcal / kg, and 7,600 kcal / kg.
また、石炭の発熱量を同様に分析したところ６，８５０kcal/kgであったことから、有機性廃棄物に対して、廃プラスチックを主体としたＲＰＦ製造原料を質量ベースで３：７の割合で混合して製造した固形燃料と石炭の燃焼性について比較した。それぞれの試料を乳鉢に入れ、粉砕したものを５ｇずつ秤量し、蒸発皿に入れた。８５０℃に昇温した電気炉にそれぞれの試料を入れ、時間ごとの重量の変化について測定した。それぞれの試料の燃焼画分の重量変化について比較した結果を図２に示す。 Also, the calorific value of coal was analyzed in the same way, and it was 6,850 kcal / kg. Therefore, the RPF production raw material mainly composed of waste plastic was used at a mass ratio of 3: 7 with respect to organic waste. The combustibility of solid fuel and coal produced by mixing was compared. Each sample was put in a mortar, and 5 g of the pulverized product was weighed and placed in an evaporating dish. Each sample was put in an electric furnace heated to 850 ° C., and the change in weight with time was measured. FIG. 2 shows the result of comparison of the change in weight of the combustion fraction of each sample.
図２により、本発明の製造方法によって、石炭と同等の燃焼性を示す固形燃料を得ることができることを確認できた。このような固形燃料は保有熱量が十分であり、燃焼性は石炭と同様であるため、既設の燃料利用設備によって例えば石炭の代替燃料として利用することもできると考えられる。 From FIG. 2, it was confirmed that a solid fuel having combustibility equivalent to that of coal can be obtained by the production method of the present invention. Such a solid fuel has a sufficient amount of heat and has combustibility similar to that of coal. Therefore, it can be used as an alternative fuel for coal, for example, by existing fuel utilization facilities.
１ 乾燥機
２ 混合機
３ 成型機
１１ 汚泥
１２ 有機性廃棄物
１３ ＲＰＦ製造原料
１４ 混合原料
１５ 固形燃料
DESCRIPTION OF
Claims (4)
前記混合原料から成型体を得る成型工程と、
を備える固形燃料の製造方法。 Based on the moisture content contained in the organic waste, the mixing step of adjusting the mixing ratio of the organic waste and the RPF production raw material to obtain a mixed raw material containing these,
A molding step of obtaining a molded body from the mixed raw material;
A method for producing a solid fuel.
式（Ｉ）：ｙ≦−０．０４３６ｘ2＋１．７４５８ｘ＋４０．０ When the moisture content of the organic waste is x (mass%), and the ratio (mass%) of the mass of the organic waste to the total mass of the organic waste and the raw material for RPF production is y. The method for producing a solid fuel according to claim 1, wherein a mixing ratio of the organic waste and the raw material for producing the RPF is adjusted so as to satisfy the following formula (I).
Formula (I): y ≦ −0.0436x 2 + 1.7458x + 40.0
The solid fuel manufactured by the manufacturing method of the solid fuel in any one of Claims 1-3.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012179264A JP6022259B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2012-08-13 | Solid fuel and method for producing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012179264A JP6022259B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2012-08-13 | Solid fuel and method for producing the same |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2014037456A true JP2014037456A (en) | 2014-02-27 |
| JP6022259B2 JP6022259B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
Family
ID=50285846
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012179264A Active JP6022259B2 (en) | 2012-08-13 | 2012-08-13 | Solid fuel and method for producing the same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP6022259B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014200763A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-27 | 清水建設株式会社 | System and method for producing raw material using organic waste |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10152689A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-09 | Kyokuto Kaihatsu Kogyo Co Ltd | Equipment for forming solid fuel |
| JPH11310784A (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-11-09 | Mitsui Miike Mach Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for producing solid fuel from waste |
| JP2003147377A (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-21 | Seki Shoten:Kk | Solid fuel |
| JP2008195910A (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-08-28 | Miike Iron Works Co Ltd | Solid fuel using organic waste and method for its production |
-
2012
- 2012-08-13 JP JP2012179264A patent/JP6022259B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH10152689A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1998-06-09 | Kyokuto Kaihatsu Kogyo Co Ltd | Equipment for forming solid fuel |
| JPH11310784A (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-11-09 | Mitsui Miike Mach Co Ltd | Method and apparatus for producing solid fuel from waste |
| JP2003147377A (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-21 | Seki Shoten:Kk | Solid fuel |
| JP2008195910A (en) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-08-28 | Miike Iron Works Co Ltd | Solid fuel using organic waste and method for its production |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014200763A (en) * | 2013-04-08 | 2014-10-27 | 清水建設株式会社 | System and method for producing raw material using organic waste |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6022259B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| KR101024447B1 (en) | Production of refuse derived fuel with biomass using microbial materials | |
| KR101539224B1 (en) | Method for preparing biomass solid refuse fuel | |
| KR101876555B1 (en) | Solid fuel using paper sludge and coffee sludge and manufacturing method thereof | |
| KR101098785B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing solid fuel | |
| US20120324785A1 (en) | Pyrolysis of Biomass | |
| JP2022543297A (en) | Method for producing solid biomass fuel | |
| KR20110005104A (en) | Carbonized solid fuel and method for manufacturing the same | |
| JPH0987646A (en) | Production of solid fuel using organic waste | |
| KR20100050448A (en) | The solid fuels and the solid fuel production methods use of piggery manure, organic sludge cake, wasted tire and sawdust etc | |
| JP6022259B2 (en) | Solid fuel and method for producing the same | |
| JP5642131B2 (en) | Method for producing dry combustible material | |
| KR101334667B1 (en) | support fuel | |
| JP2008189787A (en) | Manufacturing method for solid fuel in which compost is added to industrial waste or general waste | |
| KR100417983B1 (en) | Manufacturing method of solid fuel using food waste | |
| KR101033860B1 (en) | Solid fuel of pellet form and method for preparing the same | |
| JP2010084082A (en) | Biomass fuel and method of manufacturing the same | |
| Insuratelu et al. | Aerobic composting of mixing sewage sludge with green waste from lawn grass | |
| KR100908680B1 (en) | Solid fuel using waste paper sludge and waste oil, method for manufacturing the same | |
| JP2020022944A (en) | Sludge dehydration promoter and sludge dehydration method | |
| JP5633102B2 (en) | Method for converting hydrous organic waste into fuel | |
| KR20150000370A (en) | manufacturing method of fuel using animal feces and sludge | |
| Wang et al. | Relationships Among Raw Materials, Grinding Ratios, and Moisture Content During the Composting Process. | |
| Urbancl et al. | Torrefied biofuels production using different biomasses | |
| JP2019155272A (en) | Method for processing biomass material under compression environment | |
| TWI752538B (en) | Method of manufacturing solid biomass fuel |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20150804 |
|
| RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20160531 |
|
| RD04 | Notification of resignation of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424 Effective date: 20160606 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20160622 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20160628 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20160819 |
|
| RD02 | Notification of acceptance of power of attorney |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7422 Effective date: 20160819 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20160920 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20161005 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6022259 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |