JP2012202953A - Strain measurement device - Google Patents

Strain measurement device Download PDF

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JP2012202953A
JP2012202953A JP2011070580A JP2011070580A JP2012202953A JP 2012202953 A JP2012202953 A JP 2012202953A JP 2011070580 A JP2011070580 A JP 2011070580A JP 2011070580 A JP2011070580 A JP 2011070580A JP 2012202953 A JP2012202953 A JP 2012202953A
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electrode
strain
insulator
casing
leg
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Hidetaka Nishida
秀高 西田
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Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc
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Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To firmly support a rod-shaped second electrode retractable inside a cylindrical first electrode, in a strain gauge provided with the first electrode and the second electrode.SOLUTION: The strain gauge 10 includes: a first electrode 12a formed into a cylindrical shape; a rod-shaped second electrode 12b which is retractable inside the first electrode 12 and comprises a capacitor together with the first electrode 12a; a first casing 14a for supporting the first electrode 12a; and a second casing 14b for supporting the second electrode 12b. A leg part 16b of the second casing 14b is extended from a middle part of a casing body 15b to a vicinity of an end part on the opposite side of the first electrode 12b in an axis direction of the second electrode 12b.

Description

本発明は、例えば、配管などの部材に生じる歪を測定するための歪測定装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a strain measuring apparatus for measuring strain generated in a member such as a pipe.

例えば、火力発電所のボイラやタービンの配管など熱影響を受け易い金属溶接部の余寿命を検査する方法の一つとして、歪測定法が知られている。この歪測定法は、測定対象物表面の歪から金属溶接部などの余寿命を検査するものであるが、これらの計測対象面が表面温度600℃以上の高温になるため、高温下での測定が可能な歪計が必要である。   For example, a strain measurement method is known as one of methods for inspecting the remaining life of a metal welded portion that is easily affected by heat, such as a boiler of a thermal power plant or a pipe of a turbine. This strain measurement method is for inspecting the remaining life of a metal welded part etc. from the strain on the surface of the object to be measured. It is necessary to have a strain gauge capable of

これまで、本願発明者らは、このような高温化において広い測定範囲で歪を測定できる装置として、図3に示すように、筒状に構成された第1の電極112aと、第1の電極112aの内側へ進退可能とされ、第1の電極112aと共にコンデンサを構成する棒状の第2の電極112bと、第1の電極112aを支持するセラミック製の第1の絶縁体115aと、第2の電極112bを支持する第2の絶縁体115bと、第1及び第2の絶縁体115a,115bを測定対象物3に夫々取付ける脚部116a、116bと、これら脚部116a,116bを測定対象物3に溶接接続されて固定する取付部材117a、117bを備えた歪計110を提案している(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)。   Up to now, the inventors of the present application, as an apparatus capable of measuring strain in a wide measurement range at such a high temperature, as shown in FIG. 3, a first electrode 112a configured in a cylindrical shape and a first electrode The rod-shaped second electrode 112b, which is capable of moving forward and backward with respect to the first electrode 112a and forms a capacitor together with the first electrode 112a, the first insulator 115a made of ceramic that supports the first electrode 112a, and the second A second insulator 115b that supports the electrode 112b, legs 116a and 116b for attaching the first and second insulators 115a and 115b to the measurement object 3, and these legs 116a and 116b are the measurement object 3. A strain gauge 110 having mounting members 117a and 117b that are welded and fixed to each other is proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

特開2007―315853号公報JP 2007-315853 A 特開2007―315854号公報JP 2007-315854 A

これまで、歪計110は、配管などの熱影響を受ける部分の歪を測定することを想定しており、歪の測定対象が短く、第2の電極112bの長さは短いものが用いられていた。しかし、歪計110により溶接部の歪など長尺な測定対象の歪を測定しようとすると、第2の電極112bも長尺にする必要がある。しかし、歪計110において、第2の電極112bは端部を、脚部116bを介して取付部材117bにより固定しているのみであるため、第2の電極112bを長くすると、取付部材117bに大きな曲げ荷重が作用する。このような曲げ荷重が長時間にわたって取付部材117bに作用すると、取付部材117bが変形して第2の電極112bの姿勢が変化してしまい、電極同士が接触して正確な歪の測定ができなくなる虞がある。   Up to now, it has been assumed that the strain gauge 110 measures the strain of a part affected by heat, such as piping, and the strain measurement target is short and the second electrode 112b is short. It was. However, if the strain gauge 110 is intended to measure a strain of a long measurement object such as a strain of a welded portion, the second electrode 112b also needs to be long. However, in the strain gauge 110, since the end of the second electrode 112b is only fixed by the attachment member 117b via the leg portion 116b, if the second electrode 112b is lengthened, the attachment member 117b becomes larger. Bending load is applied. When such a bending load acts on the attachment member 117b for a long time, the attachment member 117b is deformed and the posture of the second electrode 112b is changed, and the electrodes are brought into contact with each other so that accurate strain measurement cannot be performed. There is a fear.

本発明は、上記の問題に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的は、筒状の第1の電極と、この第1の電極の内側へ進退可能とされた棒状の第2の電極とを備えた歪計において、第2の電極を強固に支持できるようにすることである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to include a cylindrical first electrode and a rod-shaped second electrode that can be advanced and retracted inside the first electrode. In the strain gauge, the second electrode can be firmly supported.

本発明の歪測定装置は、筒状に形成された第1の電極と、前記第1の電極の内側へ進退可能とされ、前記第1の電極とともにコンデンサを構成する棒状の第2の電極と、前記第1の電極を支持する第1の絶縁体と、前記第1の絶縁体を支持する第1の脚部と、前記第1の脚部を測定対象物に取り付ける第1の取付部と、からなる第1のケーシングと、前記第2の電極を支持する第2の絶縁体と、前記第2の絶縁体を支持する第2の脚部と、前記第2の脚部を測定対象物に取り付ける第2の取付部と、からなる第2のケーシングと、を備え、前記第2のケーシングの前記第2の脚部は、前記第2の電極の軸方向に、前記第2の絶縁体の中間部から前記第1の電極と反対側の端部近傍まで延出していることを特徴とする。   A strain measuring apparatus according to the present invention includes a first electrode formed in a cylindrical shape, a rod-shaped second electrode that is movable forward and backward to the inside of the first electrode, and forms a capacitor together with the first electrode, A first insulator that supports the first electrode, a first leg that supports the first insulator, and a first attachment that attaches the first leg to a measurement object. , A second insulator that supports the second electrode, a second leg that supports the second insulator, and the second leg to be measured. And a second casing made of the second casing, wherein the second leg portion of the second casing has the second insulator in the axial direction of the second electrode. It extends from the intermediate part to the vicinity of the end part on the opposite side to the first electrode.

上記の歪測定装置において、前記第2の絶縁体は、その前記第1の絶縁体側の端部が、前記第1の絶縁体の前記第2の絶縁体側の端部の近傍まで延出していてもよい。
また、前記第1及び第2の取付部は、前記測定対象物と同一の材料からなるものであってもよい。
In the strain measuring apparatus, the second insulator has an end portion on the first insulator side extending to a vicinity of an end portion on the second insulator side of the first insulator. Also good.
Further, the first and second attachment portions may be made of the same material as the measurement object.

第2の電極を支持する第2のケーシングの取付部に大きな曲げ荷重が作用するが、本発明によれば、第2の電極の一端部を支持するケーシングの取付部を、第1の絶縁体の第1の電極の反対側の端部から延出させることとしたため、作用する曲げ荷重に抵抗することができる。   Although a large bending load acts on the mounting portion of the second casing that supports the second electrode, according to the present invention, the mounting portion of the casing that supports one end portion of the second electrode is used as the first insulator. Since it was made to extend from the edge part on the opposite side of the 1st electrode of this, it can resist the bending load which acts.

本実施形態の歪測定装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the distortion measuring apparatus of this embodiment. 静電容量計の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of a capacitance meter. 従来の歪測定装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the conventional distortion measuring device.

以下、本発明の歪測定装置の一実施形態を図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。本発明の歪測定装置は、例えば、火力発電所のボイラの溶接部分や各種蒸気管などのように、高温下に晒されて熱影響を受けやすい金属材料溶接部などの歪を測定するのに用いられる。なお、以下の説明では、測定対象として高クロム鋼製の配管の溶接部の歪を測定する場合を例として説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of a strain measuring device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The strain measuring device of the present invention is used for measuring strains of metal material welded parts that are exposed to high temperatures and are easily affected by heat, such as boiler welds and various steam pipes of thermal power plants. Used. In addition, in the following description, the case where the distortion of the welding part of piping made from high chromium steel is measured as a measuring object is demonstrated as an example.

図1は、本実施形態の歪測定装置1の構成を示す図である。同図に示すように、歪測定装置1は、歪計10と、静電容量計20と、歪検出回路21と、表示装置22と、を備えてなる。   FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a strain measuring apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the strain measuring device 1 includes a strain meter 10, a capacitance meter 20, a strain detection circuit 21, and a display device 22.

歪計10は、筒状の第1の電極12aと、この第1の電極12aの中空部内に挿入される棒状の第2の電極12bとを備えている。第1の電極12aの内周面と第2の電極12bの外周面との間には、所定の間隔が設けられており、両電極12a、12bはコンデンサを形成している。   The strain gauge 10 includes a cylindrical first electrode 12a and a rod-shaped second electrode 12b inserted into a hollow portion of the first electrode 12a. A predetermined gap is provided between the inner peripheral surface of the first electrode 12a and the outer peripheral surface of the second electrode 12b, and both the electrodes 12a and 12b form a capacitor.

これら電極12a、12bは、ケーシング14a、14bにより保持されている。ケーシング14a、14bは、夫々、第1及び第2の電極12a、12bを保持するケーシング本体15a、15bと、脚部16a、16bと、測定対象部材3に固定される取付部17a、17bとを備える。ケーシング本体15a、15b及び脚部16a、16bはSUS製であり、取付部17a、17bは測定対象部材3と同じ材料(本実施形態では、高クロム鋼)からなる。ケーシング14a、14bは、取付部17a、17bが溶接接続されることで、測定対象部材3に取り付けられている。第2の電極12bを保持するケーシング14bの取付部17bは、その第1の電極12aと反対側の端部がケーシング本体15bの後端部よりも後方(図中右側)に向かって延出している。なお、取付部17a、17bとを溶接部を挟んで配置する必要があるため、両支持位置間の距離が長くなり、その分、第2の電極12bも長くなっている。   These electrodes 12a and 12b are held by casings 14a and 14b. The casings 14a and 14b respectively include casing bodies 15a and 15b that hold the first and second electrodes 12a and 12b, leg portions 16a and 16b, and attachment portions 17a and 17b that are fixed to the measurement target member 3. Prepare. The casing bodies 15a and 15b and the leg portions 16a and 16b are made of SUS, and the attachment portions 17a and 17b are made of the same material as the measurement target member 3 (in this embodiment, high chromium steel). The casings 14a and 14b are attached to the measurement object member 3 by welding the attachment portions 17a and 17b. The mounting portion 17b of the casing 14b that holds the second electrode 12b has an end opposite to the first electrode 12a extending rearward (right side in the drawing) from the rear end of the casing body 15b. Yes. In addition, since it is necessary to arrange | position the attachment parts 17a and 17b on both sides of a welding part, the distance between both support positions becomes long, and the 2nd electrode 12b is also lengthened correspondingly.

第2の電極12bを保持するケーシング本体15bは、その第1の電極12a側の端部が、第1の電極12aを保持するケーシング本体15aの端部からわずかに離間した位置まで到達している。これにより、第2の電極12bのケーシング本体15bからの突出量が小さくなっている。   The casing main body 15b holding the second electrode 12b reaches the position where the end on the first electrode 12a side is slightly separated from the end of the casing main body 15a holding the first electrode 12a. . Thereby, the protrusion amount from the casing main body 15b of the 2nd electrode 12b is small.

ケーシング本体15bは、棒状の第2の電極12bの一端を保持することで、他端が第1の電極12aの内側にわずかな隙間をあけて挿入された状態を保たなければならない。これに対して、本実施形態では、第2の電極12bのケーシング本体15bからの突出量が小さくなっており、さらに、ケーシング本体15bを測定対象部材3に固定する取付部17bがケーシング本体15bの後端部よりも後方に向かって延出していることで、ケーシング本体15bから側方に突出する第2の電極12bの自重によって、ケーシング本体15bに作用する曲げ荷重による第2の電極12bの姿勢変化を抑制できるため、第2の電極12bを確実に保持することができる。   The casing main body 15b must maintain one end of the rod-shaped second electrode 12b so that the other end is inserted with a slight gap inside the first electrode 12a. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the protrusion amount of the second electrode 12b from the casing body 15b is small, and the mounting portion 17b for fixing the casing body 15b to the measurement target member 3 is provided on the casing body 15b. The posture of the second electrode 12b due to the bending load acting on the casing body 15b due to the weight of the second electrode 12b protruding laterally from the casing body 15b by extending rearward from the rear end portion. Since the change can be suppressed, the second electrode 12b can be reliably held.

測定対象物3の溶接部に歪が生じると、電極12a,12bの進退移動によって第1の電極12aと第2の電極12bの重なり長さが変化する。これに応じて、電極12a,12bの対向面積が変化するので、これら電極12a,12bの間の静電容量も変化する。   When distortion occurs in the welded portion of the measurement object 3, the overlapping length of the first electrode 12a and the second electrode 12b changes due to the forward and backward movement of the electrodes 12a and 12b. Accordingly, the facing area of the electrodes 12a and 12b changes, so that the capacitance between the electrodes 12a and 12b also changes.

歪計10の電極12a、12bには静電容量計20が接続され、この静電容量計20が両電極12a、12b間の静電容量を測定する。図2は、静電容量計20の構成を示す図である。同図に示すように、静電容量計20は、内部に基準コンデンサ31が内臓されたアンプ30と、フィルタ回路32と、アンプ30及びフィルタ回路32に電力を供給する電源33を有する。従前の静電容量計20は基準コンデンサは大型であるため、アンプと別体に設けており、周囲の温度の影響を受けて静電容量が変化するという問題があった。本実施形態では小型の基準コンデンサ31をアンプ30内に収容することにより、基準コンデンサ31に対する周囲の熱影響が緩和され、より正確に歪計10の静電容量を測定することができる。さらに、基準コンデンサ31は高いインピーダンスにする必要があるため、外部のノイズの影響を受け易いが、アンプ30内に収容することで、外部のノイズの影響を緩和することができる。   A capacitance meter 20 is connected to the electrodes 12a and 12b of the strain gauge 10, and the capacitance meter 20 measures the capacitance between the electrodes 12a and 12b. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the capacitance meter 20. As shown in the figure, the capacitance meter 20 includes an amplifier 30 having a reference capacitor 31 incorporated therein, a filter circuit 32, and a power supply 33 that supplies power to the amplifier 30 and the filter circuit 32. Since the conventional capacitance meter 20 has a large reference capacitor, it is provided separately from the amplifier, and there is a problem that the capacitance changes under the influence of the ambient temperature. In this embodiment, by accommodating the small reference capacitor 31 in the amplifier 30, the influence of the surrounding heat on the reference capacitor 31 is mitigated, and the capacitance of the strain gauge 10 can be measured more accurately. Furthermore, since the reference capacitor 31 needs to have a high impedance, it is easily affected by external noise. However, by accommodating the reference capacitor 31 in the amplifier 30, the influence of external noise can be reduced.

歪検出回路21は、予め、歪計10の歪値と電極12a、12b間の静電容量との関係が記録されており、静電容量計20が測定した歪計の静電容量に基づき歪値を求める。歪検出回路21により求められた歪値は、表示装置22により画面表示される。   In the strain detection circuit 21, the relationship between the strain value of the strain meter 10 and the capacitance between the electrodes 12a and 12b is recorded in advance, and the strain is detected based on the capacitance of the strain meter measured by the capacitance meter 20. Find the value. The distortion value obtained by the distortion detection circuit 21 is displayed on the screen by the display device 22.

以上説明したように、本実施形態によれば、第2の電極12bを保持するケーシング14bの取付部17bが第1の電極12aとは反対側へ延出しているため、脚部16bに作用する曲げ荷重による第2の電極12bの姿勢変化を抑制でき、測定精度を維持することができる。また、取付部17bを第1の電極12aとは反対側へと延出しているため、取付部17bが溶接部の位置と干渉することもない。   As described above, according to the present embodiment, the mounting portion 17b of the casing 14b that holds the second electrode 12b extends to the side opposite to the first electrode 12a, and thus acts on the leg portion 16b. A change in posture of the second electrode 12b due to a bending load can be suppressed, and measurement accuracy can be maintained. Moreover, since the attaching part 17b is extended to the opposite side to the 1st electrode 12a, the attaching part 17b does not interfere with the position of a welding part.

また、ケーシング本体15bを、その第1の電極12a側の端部が、第1の電極12aを支持するケーシング本体15aの端部とわずかに離間した位置まで到達するような長さとしたため、より確実に第2の電極12bを保持することができる。   Further, the casing main body 15b has a length such that the end on the first electrode 12a side reaches a position slightly separated from the end of the casing main body 15a that supports the first electrode 12a. In addition, the second electrode 12b can be held.

また、ケーシング本体15a、15bの取付部17a、17bを測定対象部材と同じ金属材料により構成することで、溶接により取り付けた取付部17a、17bに亀裂が発生するのを防止することができる。   Moreover, it can prevent that the cracks generate | occur | produce in the attachment parts 17a and 17b attached by welding by comprising the attachment parts 17a and 17b of the casing main bodies 15a and 15b with the same metal material as a measurement object member.

また、静電容量計20において、基準コンデンサ31をアンプ30に内臓することで、基準コンデンサ31の静電容量が周囲の温度の影響により変化するのを防ぎ、また、周囲のノイズの影響を緩和することができる。   Moreover, in the capacitance meter 20, by incorporating the reference capacitor 31 in the amplifier 30, it is possible to prevent the capacitance of the reference capacitor 31 from changing due to the influence of the ambient temperature, and to reduce the influence of the surrounding noise. can do.

なお、本実施形態では、高クロム鋼製の配管の溶接部の歪を測定する場合について説明したが、これに限らず、高温に曝される金属製の部材の歪を測定する場合であれば、本発明を適用できる。   In addition, although this embodiment demonstrated the case where the distortion of the welding part of piping made from high chrome steel was measured, if it is a case where it measures not only this but the distortion of the metal member exposed to high temperature The present invention can be applied.

1 歪測定装置 3 測定対象物
10 歪計 12a、12b 電極
14a、14b ケーシング 15a、15b ケーシング本体
16a、16b 脚部 17a、17b 取付部
20 静電容量計 21 歪検出回路
22 表示装置 30 アンプ
31 基準コンデンサ 32 フィルタ回路
33 電源
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Strain measuring apparatus 3 Measuring object 10 Strain meter 12a, 12b Electrode 14a, 14b Casing 15a, 15b Casing main body 16a, 16b Leg part 17a, 17b Attachment part 20 Capacitance meter 21 Strain detection circuit 22 Display apparatus 30 Amplifier 31 Reference | standard Capacitor 32 Filter circuit 33 Power supply

Claims (3)

筒状に形成された第1の電極と、
前記第1の電極の内側へ進退可能とされた棒状の第2の電極と、
前記第1の電極を支持する第1の絶縁体と、前記第1の絶縁体を支持する第1の脚部と、前記第1の脚部を測定対象物に取り付ける第1の取付部と、からなる第1のケーシングと、
前記第2の電極を支持する第2の絶縁体と、前記第2の絶縁体を支持する第2の脚部と、前記第2の脚部を測定対象物に取り付ける第2の取付部と、からなる第2のケーシングと、を備え、
前記第2の取付部は、前記第2の電極の軸方向に、第1の絶縁体の前記第1の電極と反対側の端部よりも延出していることを特徴とする歪測定装置。
A first electrode formed in a cylindrical shape;
A rod-like second electrode that is movable back and forth inside the first electrode;
A first insulator that supports the first electrode; a first leg that supports the first insulator; a first attachment that attaches the first leg to a measurement object; A first casing comprising:
A second insulator that supports the second electrode; a second leg that supports the second insulator; a second attachment that attaches the second leg to a measurement object; A second casing comprising:
The strain measuring device, wherein the second attachment portion extends in an axial direction of the second electrode from an end portion of the first insulator opposite to the first electrode.
請求項1記載の歪測定装置であって、
前記第2の絶縁体は、その前記第1の絶縁体側の端部が、前記第1の絶縁体の前記第2の絶縁体側の端部の近傍まで延出していることを特徴とする歪測定装置。
The strain measuring device according to claim 1,
The strain measurement, wherein the second insulator has an end on the first insulator side extending to the vicinity of the end of the first insulator on the second insulator side. apparatus.
請求項1又は2記載の歪測定装置であって、
前記第1及び第2の取付部は、前記測定対象物と同一の材料からなることを特徴とする歪測定装置。
The strain measuring device according to claim 1 or 2,
The first and second attachment portions are made of the same material as the measurement object, and the strain measurement device is characterized in that
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