JP2012056817A - Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga - Google Patents
Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2012056817A JP2012056817A JP2010203605A JP2010203605A JP2012056817A JP 2012056817 A JP2012056817 A JP 2012056817A JP 2010203605 A JP2010203605 A JP 2010203605A JP 2010203605 A JP2010203605 A JP 2010203605A JP 2012056817 A JP2012056817 A JP 2012056817A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- amino acid
- containing organic
- chlamydomonas
- algae
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この発明は単細胞藻類の細胞破砕液を利用したアミノ酸含有有機液肥に関する。 The present invention relates to an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer using a cell disruption solution of unicellular algae.
堆肥等を用いた有機農法で育てられた農作物が不良環境に強く、旨味において化学肥料を使った場合よりも優れていることは経験的に知られていたが、その理由は不明であった。２００４年頃から、有機農法の利点が科学的に調べられ始めた。その結果、陸上植物（特にイネ）においてアミノ酸（及び低分子量ペプチド）は能動輸送によって根から積極的に細胞内に取り込まれることが実証され、取り込まれたアミノ酸は、細胞内で分解されることなく、直接タンパク合成に利用されることが分かってきた。この為、無機態の硝酸塩やアンモニウム塩を基にして細胞内でアミノ酸が合成される場合と比較してエネルギー消費が少ないことから、栽培植物の生育期間を短縮でき、且つ即効性があると考えられる。また核酸（特にＲＮＡ）にも成長促進効果があることが示されている。特定のアミノ酸（又はその誘導体）がホルモンとして作用し、細胞内の代謝に大きな影響を及ぼす可能性も指摘されている。上記の利点により、アミノ酸を含有する肥料は優れていると考えられる。 Although it was empirically known that crops grown by organic farming using compost etc. are resistant to bad environments and better than using chemical fertilizer in umami, the reason was unknown. From around 2004, the advantages of organic farming began to be scientifically investigated. As a result, it was demonstrated that in land plants (especially rice), amino acids (and low molecular weight peptides) are actively incorporated into cells from the roots by active transport, and the incorporated amino acids are not degraded in the cells. It has been found that it is directly used for protein synthesis. For this reason, energy consumption is low compared to the case where amino acids are synthesized in cells based on inorganic nitrates and ammonium salts. It is done. Nucleic acids (particularly RNA) have also been shown to have a growth promoting effect. It has also been pointed out that a specific amino acid (or a derivative thereof) acts as a hormone and has a great influence on intracellular metabolism. Due to the above advantages, fertilizers containing amino acids are considered excellent.
近年、温室や植物工場で特定の野菜を高密度にかつ連続栽培する高度管理型の水耕栽培方式が増えつつある。このような育成環境下では、臭気がなく昆虫やカビ類に起因する病害の心配がないクリーンな液肥が望まれている。さらには、不良環境におけるストレス耐性の強化や、果実等の食味の向上に有効である液肥もまた望まれている。無菌化されたアミノ酸含有液肥がこれらの条件を満たす。これまでに市販されているアミノ酸含有液肥は、魚貝類（おそらくその内蔵）、陸上植物（稲わら等）、大型褐藻（ヒジキ、コンブ類）のいずれかを原材料とする物が多い。
魚貝類を原材料とする製品では、アミノ酸濃度は高いが、ミネラル等の成分比に問題がある。無菌化及び破砕処理には多大のコストと時間がかかるという問題もある。
海産の大型藻類を原材料とする場合は、無菌化及び破砕処理には多大なコストと時間がかかるという問題の他に、海水の持ち込みを防ぐための洗浄作業が不可欠であり多量の水を消費してコストが増大するという問題がある。また、陸上植物に有効な成長促進因子（植物ホルモン）が含まれているが、その組成比は陸上植物と異なる可能性が高いという問題がある（特許文献１）。
陸上植物系を原材料とする場合は、上記問題の他に、原料供給に季節性があるという問題もある。さらには、無菌化のための加熱処理により、植物ホルモンを破壊してしまうという問題もある。
In recent years, the number of highly managed hydroponic cultivation methods for cultivating specific vegetables at high density and continuously in greenhouses and plant factories is increasing. In such a breeding environment, a clean liquid fertilizer that has no odor and does not have to worry about diseases caused by insects and molds is desired. Furthermore, liquid fertilizer that is effective for enhancing stress tolerance in poor environments and improving the taste of fruits and the like is also desired. Sterilized amino acid-containing liquid manure meets these conditions. Many of the amino acid-containing liquid fertilizers that have been marketed so far are made from raw materials such as fish and shellfish (possibly built-in), land plants (rice straw, etc.), and large brown algae (hijiki and kombu).
In products made from fish and shellfish, the amino acid concentration is high, but there is a problem in the ratio of components such as minerals. There is also a problem that the sterilization and crushing process takes a lot of cost and time.
When marine macroalgae are used as raw materials, in addition to the problem that sterilization and crushing processes require a great deal of cost and time, cleaning work is essential to prevent the introduction of seawater, which consumes a large amount of water. There is a problem that the cost increases. Moreover, although the growth promotion factor (plant hormone) effective in a land plant is contained, there exists a problem that there is a high possibility that the composition ratio will differ from a land plant (patent document 1).
When the land plant system is used as a raw material, in addition to the above problems, there is a problem that the raw material supply has seasonality. Furthermore, there is a problem that the plant hormone is destroyed by the heat treatment for sterilization.
本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点を解決すべくなされたものであって、不良環境下におけるストレス耐性の強化や果実等の食味の向上に有効であり、温室や植物工場で特定の野菜を高密度にかつ連続栽培する高度管理型の水耕栽培方式の環境下で臭気がなく昆虫やカビ類に起因する病害の心配がなくクリーンであり、アミノ酸濃度が高く植物ホルモンやミネラル等の成分比に優れ、植物ホルモンが破壊されることがなく高い植物成長促進効果が期待でき、原料供給に季節性がない、アミノ酸含有有機液肥を提供するものである。 The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems of the prior art, and is effective for enhancing stress resistance in poor environments and improving the taste of fruits, etc. In a highly controlled hydroponics environment that continuously cultivates peanuts, it is clean, free of odors and free of worry about diseases caused by insects and molds, and has a high amino acid concentration and components such as plant hormones and minerals The present invention provides an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer that is excellent in ratio, can be expected to have a high plant growth promoting effect without destroying plant hormones, and has no seasonality in the supply of raw materials.
請求項１に係る発明は、単細胞藻類の細胞破砕液を含有することを特徴とするアミノ酸含有有機液肥に関する。 The invention according to claim 1 relates to an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer characterized by containing a cell lysate of unicellular algae.
請求項２に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類がクラミドモナス（Chlamydomonas）属に属する単細胞藻類であることを特徴とする請求項１記載のアミノ酸含有有機液肥に関する。 The invention according to claim 2 relates to the amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the unicellular algae are unicellular algae belonging to the genus Chlamydomonas.
請求項３に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類がユーグレナ（Euglena）属に属する単細胞藻類であることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアミノ酸含有有機液肥に関する。 The invention according to claim 3 relates to the amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the unicellular algae are unicellular algae belonging to the genus Euglena.
請求項４に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類が細胞壁を持たないことを特徴とする請求項１乃至３に記載のアミノ酸含有有機液肥に関する。 The invention according to claim 4 relates to the amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unicellular algae do not have a cell wall.
請求項１に係る発明は、単細胞藻類の細胞破砕液を含有することを特徴とするアミノ酸含有有機液肥であることから、不良環境下におけるストレス耐性の強化や果実等の食味の向上に有効であり、ストレス強化や耐病性を向上させることにより植物に対する農薬の使用量を軽減させ流出農薬による河川の汚染を防止することができ、温室や植物工場で特定の野菜を高密度にかつ連続栽培する高度管理型の水耕栽培方式の環境下での昆虫の卵やカビなどの大規模な発生の危険性が少なくクリーンであり、単細胞藻類が培養可能であることより原料供給に季節性がなく、海水の持ち込みを防ぐための洗浄作業が必要ないことより多量の水を消費せずコストを抑えることができる、アミノ酸含有有機液肥を提供することができる。 The invention according to claim 1 is an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer characterized by containing a cell lysate of unicellular algae, and is therefore effective for enhancing stress tolerance in poor environments and improving the taste of fruits and the like. By increasing stress and improving disease resistance, the amount of pesticides used on plants can be reduced and river pollution caused by spilled pesticides can be prevented. There is little risk of large-scale occurrence of insect eggs and molds in a controlled hydroponics environment, it is clean, unicellular algae can be cultivated, and there is no seasonality in the supply of raw materials. Therefore, it is possible to provide an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer that does not consume a large amount of water and can reduce the cost.
請求項２に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類がクラミドモナス（Chlamydomonas）属に属する単細胞藻類であることから、クラミドモナスは他の藻類と比較して増殖速度が速く高濃度にまで培養が可能なことにより手間と設備を必要とする遠心濃縮処理の必要がなく、クラミドモナスがタンパク分解酵素の活性を保持していることにより高価なタンパク分解酵素の添加なしに吸収性に優れアミノ酸濃度が高く、クラミドモナスは陸上植物と近似する植物ホルモンの組成比を有するため植物の成長を促進する、アミノ酸含有有機液肥を提供することができる。 In the invention according to claim 2, since the unicellular algae are unicellular algae belonging to the genus Chlamydomonas, Chlamydomonas has a faster growth rate than other algae and can be cultured to a high concentration. And Chlamydomonas is a land plant that has excellent absorbability and high amino acid concentration without the addition of expensive proteolytic enzymes. Therefore, an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer that promotes plant growth can be provided.
請求項３に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類がユーグレナ（Euglena）属に属する単細胞藻類であることを特徴とする請求項１記載のアミノ酸含有有機液肥であることから、ユーグレナ属に属する藻類は細胞壁を持たないことにより単純なフィルター濾過による細胞破砕（溶解）及び無菌化が同時に処理可能であり、膜上に残渣が残らないので膜に目詰まりがなく高価な膜を長期に亘って使用することができ、さらに加熱処理を必要としないので植物ホルモンが変成せず残存し培養から最終製品までの製造コストが安い、アミノ酸含有有機液肥を提供することができる。 The invention according to claim 3 is the amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the unicellular algae are unicellular algae belonging to the genus Euglena, and the algae belonging to the genus Euglena have a cell wall. By not having it, cell disruption (lysis) and sterilization by simple filter filtration can be processed at the same time, and since no residue remains on the membrane, it is possible to use an expensive membrane for a long time without clogging the membrane. Furthermore, since no heat treatment is required, the plant hormone is not denatured and remains, and an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer that is inexpensive to produce from the culture to the final product can be provided.
請求項４に係る発明は、前記単細胞藻類が細胞壁を持たないことを特徴とする請求項１乃至３に記載のアミノ酸含有有機液肥であることから、単純なフィルター濾過による細胞破砕（溶解）及び無菌化が同時に処理可能であり、膜上に残渣が残らないので膜に目詰まりがなく高価な膜を長期に亘って使用することができ、さらに加熱処理を必要としないので植物ホルモンが変成せず残存し培養から最終製品までの製造コストが安い、アミノ酸含有有機液肥を提供することができる。 The invention according to claim 4 is the amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the unicellular algae do not have a cell wall. Therefore, cell disruption (dissolution) and asepticity by simple filter filtration Can be processed at the same time, there is no residue on the membrane, so there is no clogging of the membrane, an expensive membrane can be used for a long time, and no heat treatment is required, so the plant hormones are not denatured It is possible to provide an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer that remains low in production cost from culture to final product.
以下、本発明に係る単細胞藻類の細胞破砕液を利用したアミノ酸含有有機液肥の実施例について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, examples of amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer using the single cell algae cell disruption liquid according to the present invention will be described in detail.
本発明で使用する用語単細胞藻類とは、原生動物(原虫)、真菌、粘菌(変形菌)とならぶ原生生物界に属し、藻類の中で個体が単一の細胞である藻類をいい、鞭毛藻類(植物性鞭毛虫類)、大半の珪藻、接合藻と緑藻の一部がこれに属する。例えば鞭毛藻類にはミドリムシ(ユーグレナ)や貝毒の原因である渦鞭毛藻が属し、緑藻類にはクロレラや鞭毛をもつクラミドモナスが属する。
単細胞藻類はアミノ酸を含有しているので、不良環境下におけるストレス耐性の強化や果実等の食味の向上に有効であり、ストレス強化や耐病性を向上させることにより植物に対する農薬の使用量を軽減させ流出農薬による河川の汚染を防止することができる。
淡水性の単細胞藻類を使用することで、多量の水を消費する海水の持ち込みを防ぐための洗浄作業をする必要がない。
The term unicellular algae used in the present invention refers to algae belonging to the protozoan kingdom, such as protozoa (protozoa), fungi, slime molds (deformants), and the individual is a single cell among algae, flagella Algae (plant flagellates), most diatoms, mating algae and some green algae belong to this. For example, flagellate algae (euglena) and dinoflagellates that cause shellfish poisons, and green algae include Chlorella and Chlamydomonas with flagella.
Since unicellular algae contain amino acids, they are effective in enhancing stress tolerance in poor environments and improving the taste of fruits, etc., and reducing the amount of pesticides used on plants by enhancing stress and disease resistance. River pollution by runoff pesticides can be prevented.
By using freshwater unicellular algae, there is no need to perform cleaning work to prevent the introduction of seawater that consumes a large amount of water.
本発明に使用する単細胞藻類として、クラミドモナス（Chlamydomonas）属に属する単細胞藻類（以下クラミドモナスと称する）及びユーグレナ（Euglena）属に属する単細胞藻類（以下ユーグレナと称する）が好適に用いられる。 As the unicellular algae used in the present invention, unicellular algae (hereinafter referred to as Chlamydomonas) belonging to the genus Chlamydomonas and unicellular algae (hereinafter referred to as Euglena) belonging to the genus Euglena are preferably used.
本発明に使用するクラミドモナス（Chlamydomonas）とは、緑藻綱、ボルボックス目、クラミドモナス科の単細胞藻であり、卵形で大きさは１０〜３０μｍのものが多く、先端の乳頭状突起の基部から等長の２本の鞭毛を出し、これで泳ぐ。細胞内には１個の核、葉緑体及びピレノイドがあり、体制と細胞構造から、この属の生物は種子植物やシダ植物など、陸上に広く分布域をもつ緑色植物の祖先型に近いものと考えられていたが、細胞***様式、遊走細胞の鞭毛基部構造、及び光合成産物グリコール酸代謝経路などの研究から、多くの淡水産緑藻の祖先型と考えられ、陸上植物に続く系統群でないと考えられるようになった。種類数が多く、記載種は１００以上に及ぶ。世界各地の池、湖沼、水田、水たまり等に生育するが、また雪中に生育するものもある。
クラミドモナスが多数繁殖すると、明け方後、数時間内に表面の水を酸素で過飽和にすることがある。クロレラ（Chlorella）とともにワムシを培養するときの餌に用いられ、また単細胞で同調培養が容易なことから、生理学のよい実験材料となる。なお、有性生殖の誘起には、同調培養法の導入と培養液からの窒素源除去操作、及び光の照射が有効である。
Chlamydomonas used in the present invention is a single-celled algae of Chlorophyceae, Volboxidae, Chlamydomonasaceae, and is mostly oval and has a size of 10 to 30 μm, and is isometric from the base of the papillary process at the tip. Take out two flagella and swim in it. There are one nucleus, chloroplast and pyrenoid in the cell, and from the structure and cell structure, organisms of this genus are close to the ancestors of green plants with a wide distribution range on land such as seed plants and fern plants However, it is considered to be an ancestor type of many freshwater green algae based on studies such as cell division mode, flagellar base structure of migratory cells, and photosynthetic product glycolic acid metabolic pathway. I came to think. There are many kinds, and the description kind reaches 100 or more. It grows in ponds, lakes, paddy fields, and puddles around the world, but some grow in the snow.
When a large number of Chlamydomonas breeds, the surface water may become supersaturated with oxygen within several hours after dawn. It is used as a bait for cultivating rotifers together with Chlorella, and since it is easy to synchronize with single cells, it is an experimental material with good physiology. For induction of sexual reproduction, introduction of a synchronized culture method, operation for removing a nitrogen source from the culture solution, and irradiation with light are effective.
この発明で使用するクラミドモナスの細胞破砕液は、様々なタンパク分解酵素の活性を保持している。また、植物ホルモンであるオーキシン、サイトカイニン、ジベレリン、アブシジン酸、プラシノステロイド、ジャスモン酸等も含む。これら植物ホルモンは、藻体が外部からのストレスに応答して代謝系を切り替えるために使用されていると考えられる。
クラミドモナスはタンパク分解酵素の活性を保持していることにより、高価なタンパク分解酵素の添加なしに吸収性に優れアミノ酸濃度が高いアミノ酸含有液肥を提供することができる。
また、クラミドモナスは陸上植物と近似する植物ホルモンの組成比を有するため、植物の成長を促進することができるアミノ酸含有液肥を提供することができる。
The cell lysate of Chlamydomonas used in the present invention retains the activity of various proteolytic enzymes. Also included are plant hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, plastinosteroid, jasmonic acid and the like. These plant hormones are thought to be used by algal bodies to switch metabolic systems in response to external stress.
Since Chlamydomonas retains the activity of a proteolytic enzyme, it can provide an amino acid-containing liquid fertilizer having excellent absorbability and high amino acid concentration without adding an expensive proteolytic enzyme.
In addition, Chlamydomonas has a composition ratio of plant hormones similar to that of land plants, and thus can provide an amino acid-containing liquid fertilizer that can promote plant growth.
本発明に使用するユーグレナ（Euglena）とは、有機物の多い池、沼、水たまりなどに生育する緑色の単細胞藻類のミドリムシ属ユーグレナ（Euglena）、又はそのうちの１種E.proximaを指し、動物学では原生動物門の鞭毛虫綱に分類される。時々大繁殖して水の華を形成し、水を緑色に変色させる。ユーグレナは種類数が多く、１６７４年にレーウェンフックが初めて発見してからこれまで世界では１５０余種の報告があり、そのうち日本には約２０種が知られている。多くは体が紡錘形で、前端の口から短い咽頭があり、さらに貯胞という室になって、その底部から１本の長い運動性の鞭毛を出し、これで泳ぐ。泳ぐ際に体を屈伸させる種類と、ほとんど体を変形させない種類とがいる。体内には１個の赤い眼点の他に、葉緑体やパラミロン体等をもち、葉緑体には円盤状、帯状、板状、円筒状等いろいろな形があるが、いずれも主要な光合成色素としてクロロフィルａとクロロフィルｂを含み、光合成により白色結晶状のパラミロンと呼ばれる炭水化物を生産する。ユーグレナ属のある種、例えばヒメミドリムシ（E.gracilis Klebs）は、３２〜３５℃の高温、紫外線の照射、又は培養液にストレプトマイシンを加える等の処理により、葉緑体を失って白色化した個体となり、この個体は有機物を加えた培養液中で生育して増殖できるため、天然に生育する葉緑体を持たないアスタシア属（Astasia）はユーグレナ属からの進化の過程で、退色して生じた生物であろうと推測されている。ユーグレナ属に近縁な仲間には淡水産のものとして、硬い周皮をもつうちわ形のウチワヒゲムシ（Phacus）、壷形のトックリヒゲムシ（Trachelomonas）等がある。増殖は体が縦に二***する無性生殖によって行われる。有性生殖は知られていない。 Euglena used in the present invention refers to a green unicellular alga Euglena, or one of them, E.proxima, which grows in organic matter ponds, swamps, and puddles. It is classified as a protozoan dinoflagellate. Occasionally bred to form a flower of water, turning the water green. Euglena has a large number of types. Since the discovery of Leeuwenhook in 1474 for the first time, there have been more than 150 reports worldwide, of which about 20 are known in Japan. Many have a spindle-shaped body, a short pharynx from the mouth at the front end, and a chamber called a reservoir, where one long motor flagella comes out from its bottom and swims. There are two types, one that flexes and stretches when swimming and the other that hardly deforms the body. The body has chloroplasts, paramylon bodies, etc. in addition to a single red eye point. There are various forms of chloroplasts such as discs, bands, plates, and cylinders, all of which are major. It contains chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b as photosynthetic pigments, and produces a white crystal-like carbohydrate called paramylon by photosynthesis. Certain species of Euglena, such as E. gracilis Klebs, are individuals that have lost their chloroplasts and become white by treatment such as high temperature of 32 to 35 ° C., irradiation with ultraviolet light, or addition of streptomycin to the culture medium. Since this individual can grow and proliferate in a culture solution containing organic matter, Astasia, which does not have a naturally growing chloroplast, was discolored in the process of evolution from Euglena. Presumed to be a living organism. Among the friends who are closely related to Euglena are freshwater products such as the fan-shaped prickly beetle (Phacus) with a hard pericarp, and the trapezoidal beetle (Trachelomonas). Proliferation is performed by asexual reproduction in which the body divides vertically. Sexual reproduction is not known.
本発明においては、クラミドモナスとしては、細胞壁を欠損した突然変異株（Chlamydomonas reinhardti ＣＷ株）を使用することができる。この細胞壁を有さないクラミドモナスは、優れた浸透圧調整能力を有する。そのため、細胞壁を有する野生型と同じ培地で、浸透圧を調整することなく培養できるという優位性を有する。単純なフィルター濾過による完全な細胞破砕（溶解）及び無菌化が同時に処理可能であり、膜上に残渣が残らないので膜に目詰まりがなく高価な膜を長期に亘って使用することができ、加熱処理も必要ないので植物ホルモンが変成せずその活性を残存させることができる。ここで単純なフィルター濾過とは、１μｍ以下の孔を持つ膜を利用した吸引濾過操作だけで行う処理のことである。 In the present invention, a mutant strain lacking a cell wall (Chlamydomonas reinhardti CW strain) can be used as Chlamydomonas. Chlamydomonas which does not have a cell wall has an excellent osmotic pressure adjusting ability. Therefore, it has the advantage that it can culture | cultivate without adjusting an osmotic pressure with the same culture medium as the wild type which has a cell wall. Complete cell disruption (lysis) and sterilization by simple filter filtration can be processed at the same time, and since no residue remains on the membrane, the membrane can be used for a long time without clogging the membrane, Since no heat treatment is required, the plant hormone is not denatured and its activity can remain. Here, the simple filter filtration is a process performed only by a suction filtration operation using a membrane having pores of 1 μm or less.
本発明で使用するユーグレナは、光合成能力を持ち元々細胞壁を持たないものが多い。従って、細胞壁を有さないクラミドモナスと同様に非常に温和な処理で、例えば単純なフィルター濾過等で、全ての細胞を溶解することができるという優位性を有する。 Many Euglena used in the present invention have a photosynthetic ability and originally have no cell wall. Therefore, it has the advantage that all cells can be lysed by a very gentle treatment, such as simple filter filtration, as in Chlamydomonas without cell walls.
本発明で使用するクラミドモナス及びユーグレナは入手が容易である。池や沼などの淡水中に広く分布しており、これらから分離して使用してもよい。これらは培養可能であることより原料供給に季節性がない。クラミドモナスは、他の藻類と比較して増殖速度が速く５×１０６／ｍＬという高濃度にまで培養が可能であるから、手間や設備を必要とする遠心濃縮処理の必要がないという効果を奏する。 Chlamydomonas and Euglena used in the present invention are easily available. It is widely distributed in fresh water such as ponds and swamps, and may be used separately from these. Since these can be cultured, the raw material supply has no seasonality. Since Chlamydomonas has a faster growth rate than other algae and can be cultured to a high concentration of 5 × 10 6 / mL, there is an effect that there is no need for centrifugal concentration treatment requiring labor and equipment. .
本発明に係る有機液肥の製造方法としては、まず原料である単細胞藻類を、吸引濾過や超音波破砕等で粉砕処理する。必要に応じ、窒素、リン又はカリウム等を任意で添加する。これらを攪拌、混合した後、無菌化処理を行う。その後、乾燥させ発酵処理を行うことで有機肥料が製造される。 As a method for producing organic liquid fertilizer according to the present invention, first, single cell algae as a raw material is pulverized by suction filtration, ultrasonic crushing, or the like. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, or the like is optionally added as necessary. These are stirred and mixed, and then sterilized. Then, organic fertilizer is manufactured by drying and performing a fermentation process.
以下、本発明に係る単細胞藻類の細胞破砕液を利用したアミノ酸含有有機液肥の製造方法について詳細に説明する。
最初に、細胞壁を有する単細胞藻類（クラミドモナス等）の細胞破砕処理方法を以下に示す。
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the amino liquid containing organic liquid fertilizer using the cell disruption liquid of the unicellular algae concerning this invention is demonstrated in detail.
First, a cell disruption treatment method for unicellular algae having cell walls (such as Chlamydomonas) will be described below.
（細胞破砕処理方法１）単細胞藻類であるクラミドモナスを、１０μｍ以下の孔を有する膜を利用して、吸引操作により上記膜内の孔を通過させること（いわゆる吸引濾過）により、細胞を破砕する。１μｍ以下の孔を持つ膜を利用して吸引濾過操作により細胞を破砕した場合は、細胞破砕処理と無菌化処理を同時に行うことができる。 (Cell disruption treatment method 1) Chlamydomonas, which is a single-cell algae, is disrupted by passing through the pores in the membrane by a suction operation using a membrane having pores of 10 μm or less (so-called suction filtration). When cells are disrupted by suction filtration using a membrane having pores of 1 μm or less, cell disruption and sterilization can be performed simultaneously.
（細胞破砕処理方法２）単細胞藻類であるクラミドモナスを、超音波発生装置を利用することにより細胞を破砕する。 (Cell disruption treatment method 2) A cell is disrupted by using an ultrasonic generator for Chlamydomonas which is a single cell algae.
（細胞破砕処理方法３）単細胞藻類であるクラミドモナスを、クラミドモナスの培養液又は収集したクラミドモナスの藻体に対して、凍結と融解を繰り返すことにより細胞を破砕する。 (Cell disruption treatment method 3) Chlamydomonas which is a single cell algae is disrupted by repeatedly freezing and thawing the Chlamydomonas culture solution or the collected Chlamydomonas alga.
（細胞破砕処理方法４）ガラス、金属、セラミックス等を材料とする５〜３００μｍの粒子と、クラミドモナスの藻体を混合した懸濁液を機械的に振動させること（いわゆるボルテックス処理）により細胞を破砕する。 (Cell disruption treatment method 4) The cells are disrupted by mechanically vibrating a suspension of 5 to 300 μm particles made of glass, metal, ceramics, etc. and Chlamydomonas algae (so-called vortex treatment). To do.
（細胞破砕処理方法５）クラミドモナスの藻体を耐圧容器に入れて、空気、窒素、ヘリウム等の気体を用いて６ＭＰａ以上の圧力をかけて、３分以上その圧を保持することで細胞を破砕する。 (Cell disruption treatment method 5) Put a Chlamydomonas alga body into a pressure vessel, apply a pressure of 6 MPa or more using a gas such as air, nitrogen, helium, etc., and disrupt the cells by maintaining the pressure for 3 minutes or more. To do.
次に無菌化処理を行う。無菌化処理としては、加熱処理及びフィルター濾過処理が挙げられる。フィルター濾過処理は、加熱処理なしに無菌化を行うことができ、さらに植物ホルモンの破壊も防止することができる。これにより、植物の成長を促進することができる。従って、細胞破砕処理方法としてはフィルター濾過処理が好適に用いられる。 Next, sterilization is performed. Examples of the sterilization treatment include heat treatment and filter filtration treatment. The filter filtration treatment can be sterilized without heat treatment, and can further prevent the destruction of plant hormones. Thereby, the growth of a plant can be promoted. Therefore, filter filtration is preferably used as the cell disruption treatment method.
細胞壁を有さない単細胞藻類は、１μｍ以下の孔を持つ膜を利用した吸引濾過操作だけで、細胞破砕処理と無菌化処理を同時に行うことができる。また吸引濾過処理により完全に溶解するので、膜上に残渣が残らない。従って、膜に目詰まりがなく高価な膜を長期に亘って使用することができる。 Single cell algae having no cell wall can be simultaneously subjected to cell disruption and sterilization by a suction filtration operation using a membrane having pores of 1 μm or less. Moreover, since it melt | dissolves completely by suction filtration process, a residue does not remain on a film | membrane. Therefore, an expensive film without clogging can be used for a long time.
上記操作により精製されたクラミドモナス細胞破砕液は、原則そのまま植物に施用する。保存中に沈殿物が生じるのを防止する場合、或いは植物工場等で液肥を細管を通して供給する場合は、約１０００ｇ以上の遠心力で５分間以上遠心することで、沈殿し易い成分をあらかじめ沈殿させて、その上澄みのみを使用してもよい。 The Chlamydomonas cell lysate purified by the above operation is applied to plants as it is in principle. When preventing precipitation during storage, or when supplying liquid fertilizer through a thin tube in a plant factory, etc., the components that are likely to precipitate are precipitated in advance by centrifuging for more than 5 minutes with a centrifugal force of about 1000 g or more. Only the supernatant may be used.
上記処理によるクラミドモナス細胞破砕液を植物に施用することができる。対象植物、対象植物の栽培環境は特に限定されない。原則として添加物は加えないが、対象植物によって必要であれば、特定の植物ホルモン、硝酸、リン酸などの栄養素を加えてもよい。散布方法も特に限定されない。 The Chlamydomonas cell disruption liquid by the said process can be applied to a plant. The target plant and the cultivation environment of the target plant are not particularly limited. In principle, no additives are added, but if necessary depending on the target plant, nutrients such as specific plant hormones, nitric acid and phosphoric acid may be added. The spraying method is not particularly limited.
[実施例]
以下、本発明に係るアミノ酸含有有機液肥の実施例及び結果を示す。
（試験植物）
ローズマリー（Rosemarius officinalis）
雲間草（Saxifraga Mossy）
（施用環境）
高知県香美市土佐山田町高知工科大学内
平成２２年６月、 室温２０℃
鉢での土植え、日当たりの良い室内で栽培
（液肥）
ＴＡＰ培養液（Ｔｒｉｓ ２．４２ｇ、ＴＡＰ ｓａｌｔｓ ２５ｍｌ、Ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ ０．３７５ｍｌ、Ｈｕｔｎｅｒ ｔｒａｃｅ ｅｌｅｍｅｎｔ １．０ｍｌ、 酢酸１．０ｍｌを１Ｌ中に含む）中で定常期まで増殖させた細胞壁を有さないクラミドモナス（Chlamydomonas reinhardti ＣＷ株）の培養液を使用し、０．２２μｍの孔を有するメンブレンフィルターで吸引濾過することにより細胞を破砕した液を用いた。
（施用量・施用期間）
この破砕液を薄めることなく５ｍＬ、一日一回、植物体に散布した。散布期間は３週間とした。
（施用効果）
水のみを与えた対照の植物と比較して、雲間草とローズマリーの両方に関して生育の促進が顕著であった。特に茎の部分の伸長生長が著しかった。結果を表１に示す。
[Example]
Hereinafter, the Example and result of an amino acid containing organic liquid manure based on this invention are shown.
(Test plant)
Rosemary (Rosemarius officinalis)
Cloudy grass (Saxifraga Mossy)
(Application environment)
Inside Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada-cho, Kami-shi, Kochi June 2010, room temperature 20 ℃
Planting soil in pots, growing in sunny rooms (liquid fertilizer)
Chlamydomonas without cell walls grown to stationary phase in TAP medium (Tris 2.42 g, TAP salts 25 ml, Phosphate solution 0.375 ml, Hutner trace element 1.0 ml, acetic acid 1.0 ml in 1 L) Using a culture solution of (Chlamydomonas reinhardti CW strain), a solution in which cells were crushed by suction filtration with a membrane filter having a 0.22 μm pore was used.
(Application rate and application period)
This crushed liquid was sprayed on the plant body once a day without diluting. The spraying period was 3 weeks.
(Application effect)
The promotion of growth was significant for both cloud grass and rosemary compared to control plants fed with water only. In particular, the growth of the stem part was remarkable. The results are shown in Table 1.
本発明は、植物に施用するアミノ酸含有有機液肥であり、半密閉空間にある植物だけでなく広大な面積を持つゴルフ場の芝等の管理にも好適に使用される。 The present invention is an amino acid-containing organic liquid fertilizer to be applied to a plant, and is suitably used for managing not only plants in a semi-enclosed space but also a lawn of a golf course having a large area.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010203605A JP2012056817A (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010203605A JP2012056817A (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2012056817A true JP2012056817A (en) | 2012-03-22 |
Family
ID=46054356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010203605A Pending JP2012056817A (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2010-09-10 | Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2012056817A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105061022A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 山东天科生物科技有限公司 | Seaweed extract-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021025041A1 (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | Compost fermentation promoting agent, method for producing compost, method for fermenting compost, compost material, compost fermentation product, and culture soil |
| WO2022181531A1 (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | Crop freshness retention improvement agent, fertilizer composition for crop freshness retention improvement, and method for improving crop freshness retention |
Citations (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5475362A (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1979-06-16 | Japan Kurorera Konsaruteeshiyo | Novel fertilizer |
| JPS55100288A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-07-31 | Kiuchi Atsushi | Indoor plant growing method and agent |
| JPS6069183A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-19 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Ltd | Activation of soil for agriculture |
| JPS62100225A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-09 | 日清製油株式会社 | Culture of green tea |
| JPH02283687A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-11-21 | Tadao Noda | Fermented fertilizer and production thereof |
| JPH04352705A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-07 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Plant growth promoter |
| JPH0680490A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1994-03-22 | Ebara Res Co Ltd | Method for soil modification using soil algae |
| JP2000506011A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2000-05-23 | ノバルティス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Promoter from plant protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene |
| JP2001151586A (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-06-05 | Nikken Sohonsha Corp | Fertilizer and its production method |
| JP2004025044A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Hiroyuki Tanaka | Method of making feed, fertilizer and soil conditioner from organismic waste by using cellular wall crushing pr0cess |
| JP2005154432A (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-16 | Nichirei Corp | Treated material of acerola containing polyphenol and/or vitamin c |
| JP2007054081A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2007-03-08 | Tooyoo Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Antiallergic food including ground lotus and/or lotus extract and lactic bacteria |
| JP2007111018A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-10 | Tokyo Univ Of Marine Science & Technology | Animal feed, animal rearing method, livestock and fish food and health food |
| JP2007262015A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Shizuoka Prefecture | Agent for inducing disease resistance to plant and method for inducing disease resistance of plant |
| JP2008019198A (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-31 | Unitika Ltd | Insulin resistance-improving composition obtained from plant belonging to genus silybum |
| WO2008018488A1 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Takara Bio Inc. | Antibacterial agent |
| JP2008529545A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-08-07 | シリアン アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Screening method for identifying protease-deficient mutants of microorganisms |
| JP2009507507A (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2009-02-26 | バイエル・クロツプサイエンス・エス・アー | Plastid transformed plant expressing lumen-directed protein |
| JP2009062337A (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-26 | Euglena Co Ltd | alpha-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY INHIBITOR AND FOOD CONTAINING THE SAME |
| WO2009062518A1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-22 | Biolocus A/S | Anti-fouling composition comprising an aerogel |
| JP2009219370A (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-10-01 | Fujifilm Corp | Food composition containing salacia genus plant |
| JP2010136627A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-24 | Nippon Oil Corp | Method for making yeast to utilize galactose |
-
2010
- 2010-09-10 JP JP2010203605A patent/JP2012056817A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5475362A (en) * | 1977-11-28 | 1979-06-16 | Japan Kurorera Konsaruteeshiyo | Novel fertilizer |
| JPS55100288A (en) * | 1979-01-24 | 1980-07-31 | Kiuchi Atsushi | Indoor plant growing method and agent |
| JPS6069183A (en) * | 1983-09-27 | 1985-04-19 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Ltd | Activation of soil for agriculture |
| JPS62100225A (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1987-05-09 | 日清製油株式会社 | Culture of green tea |
| JPH02283687A (en) * | 1989-04-24 | 1990-11-21 | Tadao Noda | Fermented fertilizer and production thereof |
| JPH0680490A (en) * | 1991-05-23 | 1994-03-22 | Ebara Res Co Ltd | Method for soil modification using soil algae |
| JPH04352705A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-12-07 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Plant growth promoter |
| JP2000506011A (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 2000-05-23 | ノバルティス アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Promoter from plant protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene |
| JP2001151586A (en) * | 1999-11-24 | 2001-06-05 | Nikken Sohonsha Corp | Fertilizer and its production method |
| JP2004025044A (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Hiroyuki Tanaka | Method of making feed, fertilizer and soil conditioner from organismic waste by using cellular wall crushing pr0cess |
| JP2005154432A (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2005-06-16 | Nichirei Corp | Treated material of acerola containing polyphenol and/or vitamin c |
| JP2008529545A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-08-07 | シリアン アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Screening method for identifying protease-deficient mutants of microorganisms |
| JP2009507507A (en) * | 2005-09-16 | 2009-02-26 | バイエル・クロツプサイエンス・エス・アー | Plastid transformed plant expressing lumen-directed protein |
| JP2007111018A (en) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-10 | Tokyo Univ Of Marine Science & Technology | Animal feed, animal rearing method, livestock and fish food and health food |
| JP2007262015A (en) * | 2006-03-29 | 2007-10-11 | Shizuoka Prefecture | Agent for inducing disease resistance to plant and method for inducing disease resistance of plant |
| JP2008019198A (en) * | 2006-07-12 | 2008-01-31 | Unitika Ltd | Insulin resistance-improving composition obtained from plant belonging to genus silybum |
| WO2008018488A1 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Takara Bio Inc. | Antibacterial agent |
| JP2007054081A (en) * | 2006-11-24 | 2007-03-08 | Tooyoo Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | Antiallergic food including ground lotus and/or lotus extract and lactic bacteria |
| JP2009062337A (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2009-03-26 | Euglena Co Ltd | alpha-GLUCOSIDASE ACTIVITY INHIBITOR AND FOOD CONTAINING THE SAME |
| WO2009062518A1 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2009-05-22 | Biolocus A/S | Anti-fouling composition comprising an aerogel |
| JP2009219370A (en) * | 2008-03-13 | 2009-10-01 | Fujifilm Corp | Food composition containing salacia genus plant |
| JP2010136627A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-24 | Nippon Oil Corp | Method for making yeast to utilize galactose |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105061022A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 山东天科生物科技有限公司 | Seaweed extract-containing fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105061022B (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2016-09-07 | 山东天科生物科技有限公司 | A kind of fertilizer containing marine algae extract and preparation method thereof |
| WO2021025041A1 (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-11 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | Compost fermentation promoting agent, method for producing compost, method for fermenting compost, compost material, compost fermentation product, and culture soil |
| WO2022181531A1 (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-01 | 株式会社ユーグレナ | Crop freshness retention improvement agent, fertilizer composition for crop freshness retention improvement, and method for improving crop freshness retention |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ronga et al. | Microalgal biostimulants and biofertilisers in crop productions | |
| CN101491195B (en) | Phlebopus portentosus cultivation method | |
| BR112020014469A2 (en) | materials and methods for treating bacterial infections in plants | |
| TW201028471A (en) | Optimization of algal product production through uncoupling cell proliferation and algal product production | |
| JP2012514978A (en) | Use of plant growth regulators to improve algal growth | |
| KR20070012327A (en) | Technology for cultivation of porphyra and other seaweeds in land-based sea water ponds | |
| KR20150050578A (en) | Method of increasing abiotic stress resistance of a plant | |
| US20190077721A1 (en) | Method of manufacturing organic fertilizers by using organic raw material, antagonistic microorganism, fermentative microorganism, and synthetic microorganism, and organic fertilizers manufactured by said manufacturing method | |
| CN106490003B (en) | Inhibition and its extracting method of the celery root exudates concentrate to ralstonia solanacearum of tomato | |
| Sampathkumar et al. | Marine microalgal extracts on cultivable crops as a considerable bio-fertilizer: A Review | |
| Rana et al. | Sustainable production through biostimulants under fruit orchards | |
| CN101548646A (en) | Method for rapidly propagating aralia elata through somatic embryo and secondary somatic embryogenesis | |
| JP2012056817A (en) | Amino acid-containing organic liquefied fertilizer utilizing cell-disrupted liquid of unicellular alga | |
| CN101928158A (en) | Organic ecological active nutrient solution | |
| KR102132065B1 (en) | Antagonistic microorganism, fermentative microorganism, synthetic microorganism, method by organic raw material and organic fertilizers produced of manufacturing the same | |
| RU2736340C9 (en) | Agricultural growth stimulant | |
| JPS6069183A (en) | Activation of soil for agriculture | |
| JP2007161586A (en) | Extracted solution of fuscoporia obliqua, method for producing extracted solution of fuscoporia obliqua, method for using extracted solution of fuscoporia obliqua in paddy field, method for using extracted solution of fuscoporia obliqua for fruit, vegetable or ornamental flowering plant and method for using extracted solution of fuscoporia obliqua for phalaenopsis | |
| JP2002029905A (en) | Plant growth promoter and method for cultivating plant | |
| CN104774769B (en) | A method of low temperature sod production performance is improved using reinforcing compost microbial bacterial agent | |
| CN108046899A (en) | A kind of white melon ferment and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110856468A (en) | Management method for planting organic vegetables tomatoes to come into market all year round | |
| KR101599746B1 (en) | Composition for controlling harmful algae comprising Lemnaceae or its extract as active components and uses thereof | |
| Puhagan | A Grow Together Project: Performance Evaluation of Improvised Organic Fertilizers on the Yield of Cash Crops and its Economic Contribution to Agriculture Graduates in Tawi-Tawi Province, Philippines | |
| ES2684858B1 (en) | New strain of Paecilomyces variotii, compositions and applications thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20130717 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20131111 |