JP2011160771A - Method for raising seedling of flowering plant, and raising seedling system - Google Patents

Method for raising seedling of flowering plant, and raising seedling system Download PDF

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JP2011160771A
JP2011160771A JP2010030218A JP2010030218A JP2011160771A JP 2011160771 A JP2011160771 A JP 2011160771A JP 2010030218 A JP2010030218 A JP 2010030218A JP 2010030218 A JP2010030218 A JP 2010030218A JP 2011160771 A JP2011160771 A JP 2011160771A
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light
raising
temperature
seedling
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JP5376667B2 (en
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Junji Harada
順二 原田
Hiroyuki Hiramoto
廣幸 平本
Yasuhide Hara
靖英 原
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Kanagawa Prefecture
Stanley Electric Co Ltd
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Stanley Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for raising seedling of flowering plants enabling an effective acceleration of blooming within relatively short treatment period of time and with a small amount of energy consumption. <P>SOLUTION: The method for raising seedling of flowering plants includes irradiating young seedlings after all of true leaves come out after germination with light having a peak wavelength of 400-550 nm at a low temperature of not more than 15°C for 100-600 hours. The light having a peak wavelength of 400-550 nm includes the one having LED as a light sauce, and photon flux density is preferably 15-200 μmol m<SP>-2</SP>s<SP>-1</SP>. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、花卉の育苗方法に関し、特に長日植物の開花を促進するための育苗方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for raising florets, and more particularly to a method for raising seedlings for promoting the flowering of long-day plants.

花卉の開花には、温度よりも光が重要な要素であることがわかってきており、長日処理により長日植物の開花を促進する手法が、広く行なわれている。長日処理は、電照設備を用いて現実の日長よりも長い時間、生育中の植物に光照射を行い、開花時期を早めている。   It has been found that light is more important than temperature for the flowering of flower buds, and a technique for promoting the flowering of long-day plants by long-day treatment is widely used. In the long day treatment, a growing plant is irradiated with light for a longer time than the actual day length using an electric lighting facility, and the flowering time is advanced.

また光に対する植物の反応は、照射する光の波長によって異なることが知られており、例えば特許文献1では、波長400〜500nmに最大値を持つ青色光を照射することにより花芽形成を促進する手法が開示されるとともに、波長600〜800nmの赤色波長域の光は花芽形成を阻害することが記載されている。また特許文献2には、恒温槽を用いて、植物の幼苗期から、ピーク波長500〜525nmの略青緑光を日長に応じて照射する開花促進方法が開示されている。   Moreover, it is known that the reaction of the plant with respect to light changes with wavelengths of the light to irradiate, for example, in patent document 1, the method of accelerating | stimulating flower bud formation by irradiating the blue light which has the maximum value in wavelength 400-500 nm Is disclosed, and it is described that light in the red wavelength range of 600 to 800 nm inhibits flower bud formation. Patent Document 2 discloses a method for promoting flowering in which a constant temperature bath is used to irradiate substantially blue-green light having a peak wavelength of 500 to 525 nm in accordance with the day length from the seedling stage of a plant.

特開2001−258389号公報JP 2001-258389 A 特許第4123875号公報Japanese Patent No. 4123875

上述した従来技術はいずれも、植物に対し、それが開花する日長に合わせて光を照射するという技術であり、苗から発蕾或いは開花までの比較的長い時間の光照射が必要となる。例えば、特許文献1に記載された技術では、3ヶ月或いは40日の間、光照射を行なったことが報告されている。このような長期間の光照射は、電力コストおよび管理コストの増加につながる。また従来の技術は、開花を促進するための長日処理を気温の低い冬期に行なっているため、温度を維持するには多くのエネルギーを消費せざるを得ない。   All of the above-described conventional techniques are techniques for irradiating a plant with light in accordance with the day length when it is flowering, and it is necessary to irradiate light for a relatively long time from seedling to bud or flowering. For example, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, it has been reported that light irradiation was performed for 3 months or 40 days. Such long-term light irradiation leads to an increase in power cost and management cost. Moreover, since the conventional technique performs the long-day process for promoting flowering in the winter when the temperature is low, a large amount of energy must be consumed to maintain the temperature.

本発明は、比較的短い処理期間且つ少ないエネルギー消費量で、効果的に開花を促進することができる花卉の生育方法を提供する。   The present invention provides a method for growing a flower bud that can effectively promote flowering in a relatively short treatment period and with a small amount of energy consumption.

本発明の花卉の生育方法は、具体的には、発芽後の苗を、管理された環境内で育苗する花卉の育苗方法であって、発芽後の本葉が出揃った後の幼苗に、温度15℃以下の低温下で、ピーク波長400〜550nmの光を100時間以上、600時間以下の期間照射することを特徴とする。
ピーク波長400〜550nmの光は、LEDを光源とする光であることが好ましい。また光量子束密度が15〜200μmol・m-2・s-1であることが好ましい。
Specifically, the method for growing florets of the present invention is a method for raising florets for raising seedlings after germination in a controlled environment. It is characterized in that light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm is irradiated for a period of 100 hours or more and 600 hours or less at a low temperature of 15 ° C. or less.
The light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm is preferably light using an LED as a light source. The photon flux density is preferably 15 to 200 μmol · m −2 · s −1 .

また本発明は、定植前の苗を収容するチャンバと、前記チャンバ内の温度を調整する温度調整手段と、前記苗にピーク波長400〜550nmの青色系光を照射する手段と、前記温度調整手段および光照射手段を制御する制御手段とを備えた育苗システムを提供する。この育苗システムにおいて、制御手段は、3週間を上限とする一定期間、チャンバ内の温度が15℃以下となるように温度調整手段を制御するとともに、一定期間の間、1日当たりの照射時間が14時間以上となるように光照射手段を制御する。光照射手段は、好適にはLED装置を含む。   The present invention also includes a chamber for storing seedlings before planting, temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature in the chamber, means for irradiating the seedlings with blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm, and the temperature adjusting means. And a seedling system comprising a control means for controlling the light irradiation means. In this seedling raising system, the control means controls the temperature adjusting means so that the temperature in the chamber is 15 ° C. or lower for a fixed period of up to 3 weeks, and the irradiation time per day is 14 for a fixed period. The light irradiating means is controlled so as to be more than time. The light irradiation means preferably includes an LED device.

本発明の花卉の育苗方法は、従来の長日処理による光合成促進とは全く異なるメカニズムに基づくものであり、低温下における特定波長光の照射という刺激を、花卉の幼苗期の限定された期間に与えることにより、長期間の長日処理や低温処理によって得られる生長および花数の確保を、短時間に実現できる。   The flower seedling raising method of the present invention is based on a mechanism completely different from the promotion of photosynthesis by the conventional long-day treatment, and the stimulation of irradiation with light of a specific wavelength at a low temperature is applied during a limited period of the seedling stage of the flower bud. By providing, the growth and the number of flowers obtained by long-term long-day treatment or low-temperature treatment can be ensured in a short time.

本発明の育苗システムを実現する装置の概要を示す図The figure which shows the outline | summary of the apparatus which implement | achieves the seedling raising system of this invention 実施例1の試験区および処理期間による到花日数の違いを示すグラフThe graph which shows the difference in the flower arrival days by the test plot of Example 1, and a processing period 実施例1の試験区および処理期間による花数の違いを示すグラフThe graph which shows the difference in the number of flowers by the test plot and processing period of Example 1 実施例1の温度による植物長の違いを示すグラフThe graph which shows the difference in the plant length by the temperature of Example 1 実施例2の試験区および処理期間による到花日数の違いを示すグラフThe graph which shows the difference of the flower arrival days by the test plot of Example 2, and a processing period 実施例2の試験区および処理期間による花数の違いを示すグラフThe graph which shows the difference in the number of flowers by the test plot and processing period of Example 2

以下、本発明の花卉の育苗方法の実施の形態を説明する。
本発明の育苗方法は、アスター等のキク科、カーネーション等のナデシコ科、カンパニュラ等のキキョウ科およびラークスパー等のキンポウゲ科等の長日植物に適用される。これら長日植物は、通常、プラグトレイ等の育苗トレイに播種し、本葉が出揃ってから所定の期間を経過した後、定植される。本発明では、本葉が出揃ってから定植までの間の幼苗に対し、低温下における光照射を行なう。播種から本葉が出揃うまでは、植物に応じて適切な育苗培土を用い、常温(20℃前後)下、自然日長で管理する。なお、「本葉が出揃う」とは、少なくとも2枚の本葉が出た状態を意味し、植物により異なるが、通常、播種から約1ヶ月程度経過した時点で本葉が2〜5枚程度出る。低温下における光照射を本葉が出揃う前に行なった場合は、胚軸が徒長し好ましくない。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the method for raising florets of the present invention will be described.
The seedling-raising method of the present invention is applied to long-day plants such as asteraceae such as asters, urchinaceae such as carnation, oleanders such as campanula, and buttercups such as Larkspur. These long-day plants are usually sown in a seedling tray such as a plug tray, and are planted after a predetermined period of time has passed since the true leaves are arranged. In the present invention, light irradiation at a low temperature is performed on young seedlings from the time when the true leaves are arranged until the planting. From sowing until the true leaf is ready, use appropriate seedling culture soil according to the plant, and manage at natural temperature (under 20 ° C) at normal temperature. In addition, “the true leaf comes out” means a state in which at least two true leaves have come out, and varies depending on the plant, but usually about 2 to 5 true leaves when about one month has passed since sowing. Get out. If light irradiation is performed at a low temperature before the true leaves are completed, the hypocotyl is too long.

低温下における光照射による処理期間は、適用する植物によって最も好適な処理期間は異なるが、一般には100時間以上600時間以内、好ましくは150時間以上500時間以下、より好ましくは350時間以下とする。処理期間を100時間以上とすることにより、短い到花日数で花数の多い植物を収穫することができる。しかし処理時間が600時間を超えると、到花日数は早まるが花数が減少する傾向にあるので、処理時間は600時間を超えないことが好ましい。   Although the most suitable treatment period varies depending on the plant to be applied, the treatment period by light irradiation at a low temperature is generally 100 hours or more and 600 hours or less, preferably 150 hours or more and 500 hours or less, more preferably 350 hours or less. By setting the treatment period to 100 hours or longer, it is possible to harvest plants with a large number of flowers in a short number of days. However, if the treatment time exceeds 600 hours, the number of flower arrivals is accelerated but the number of flowers tends to decrease. Therefore, the treatment time preferably does not exceed 600 hours.

温度は、15℃以下、好ましくは4℃以上15℃以下とする。温度4℃以上とすることにより苗の凍結を防止しつつ、到花日数を短縮することができる。また15℃以下とすることにより、植物の徒長を防止し、商品性の高い植物を育成できる。通常の温室などでは、温度が例えば15℃より2〜3℃下がると加熱手段を用いてチャンバ温度を上げるように制御されるが、太陽光を受ける昼間には冬季でも25℃以上の温度に上昇する。本発明の方法は、このような温度が15℃以下になる状態と15℃を超える状態を含むような環境は含まず、育苗の環境温度を常に15℃以下に制限する。   The temperature is 15 ° C. or lower, preferably 4 ° C. or higher and 15 ° C. or lower. By setting the temperature to 4 ° C. or higher, the number of days to flower can be shortened while preventing the seedlings from freezing. Moreover, by setting it as 15 degrees C or less, plant height can be prevented and a highly productive plant can be grown. In a normal greenhouse, for example, when the temperature falls by 2 to 3 ° C. from 15 ° C., it is controlled to raise the chamber temperature using heating means, but during the daytime when sunlight is received, the temperature rises to 25 ° C. or higher even in winter. To do. The method of the present invention does not include an environment that includes a state where the temperature is 15 ° C. or lower and a state that exceeds 15 ° C., and always limits the environmental temperature of the seedling to 15 ° C. or lower.

このような環境温度の制御は、例えば、育苗用のプラグトレイを太陽光から遮断できるチャンバ内に設置し、チャンバ内温度を外気或いは、必要に応じてクーラー等の冷却手段を用いて管理することにより実現できる。
また温度は上述した温度範囲内であれば、恒温である必要はなく、例えば±5℃程度の範囲で変動してもよい。
Such control of the environmental temperature is performed by, for example, installing a seedling plug tray in a chamber that can be shielded from sunlight, and managing the temperature in the chamber using outside air or cooling means such as a cooler as necessary. Can be realized.
Further, the temperature does not need to be constant as long as it is within the above-described temperature range, and may vary within a range of about ± 5 ° C., for example.

照射する光としては、ピーク波長が400〜550nm、好ましくは420〜510nmの青色系光を用いる。このような光の光源として、フィルター等を併用することにより、ナトリウムランプ、蛍光灯などの白色光源を用いることも可能であるが、エネルギー効率の点で比較的狭い波長範囲の光を発生するLEDが好適である。   As light to be irradiated, blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm, preferably 420 to 510 nm is used. It is possible to use a white light source such as a sodium lamp or a fluorescent lamp by using a filter or the like as a light source of such light, but an LED that generates light in a relatively narrow wavelength range in terms of energy efficiency Is preferred.

照射光の光量子束密度は、15〜200μmol・m-2・s-1とする。光量子束密度が15μmol・m-2・s-1未満では、光照射の有意な効果を得ることができない。また200μmol・m-2・s-1を超えても、効果は変らず飽和するので、エネルギー効率の観点から200μmol・m-2・s-1以下であることが好ましい。 The photon flux density of the irradiation light is 15 to 200 μmol · m −2 · s −1 . When the photon flux density is less than 15 μmol · m −2 · s −1 , a significant effect of light irradiation cannot be obtained. In addition, even if it exceeds 200 μmol · m −2 · s −1 , the effect is not changed and saturation is achieved. Therefore, it is preferably 200 μmol · m −2 · s −1 or less from the viewpoint of energy efficiency.

照射時間は、長日状態とすることが好ましい。具体的には、光照射を14時間以上、好ましくは18時間以上、より好ましくは全日照射とする。1日あたりの照射時間が長いほど、効果が得られる積算照射量を短期間に達成でき、全体として到花日数を早めることができる。   The irradiation time is preferably a long day state. Specifically, the light irradiation is 14 hours or longer, preferably 18 hours or longer, more preferably full-day irradiation. The longer the irradiation time per day, the more effective integrated dose can be achieved in a short time, and the overall number of flower days can be accelerated.

上述した低温下での特定波長光の照射による開花促進機序は明らかではないが、太陽光あるはその代替光を用いた長日処理による光合成促進とは異なり、幼苗期の短い期間に温度と特定波長光照射を行なうことで、幼苗に強い刺激を与え、生長と開花を促進させているものと考えられる。   The mechanism of flowering promotion by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength at low temperatures is not clear, but unlike photosynthesis promotion by long-day treatment using sunlight or alternative light, temperature and By irradiating with a specific wavelength, it is considered that the seedlings are strongly stimulated to promote growth and flowering.

低温下で光照射した後、苗を定植する。定植後の環境は、特に限定されず、常温でもよいし、例えば15℃〜25℃程度の温度範囲に管理された温室内で生長させる等、従来の栽培方法で行なってもよい。本発明によれば、幼苗期の限定された期間のみ低温下の光照射処理を行なうことにより、花数が多く商品性の高い花を短い生育期間で収穫することができる。   After light irradiation under low temperature, seedlings are planted. The environment after planting is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature, or may be performed by a conventional cultivation method such as growing in a greenhouse controlled in a temperature range of about 15 ° C to 25 ° C. According to the present invention, by performing the light irradiation treatment at a low temperature only for a limited period of the seedling stage, it is possible to harvest a flower having a large number of flowers and high merchantability in a short growing period.

次に本発明の育苗システムの実施形態を説明する。
図1は、本発明の育苗システムを実現する装置の概要を示す図であり、この装置10は、育苗チャンバ20と、チャンバ内に設置されたLED光源30と、チャンバ内を所定の温度に維持するための温度調整手段40と、LED光源30及び温度調整手段40の動作を制御する制御部50とを備えている。チャンバ20内には、必要に応じて、播種後の育苗トレイを載置するための棚60が設けられている。育苗トレイは、多数のポットを配列させて一体としたプラグトレイ等であり、播種から定植までの間の幼苗を生育させるために使用される。本発明の育苗システムは、育苗培土を入れた育苗トレイ内に播種し、発芽させ、さらに本葉が2〜5枚程度出た状態の長日植物の苗に適用される。
Next, an embodiment of the seedling raising system of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a view showing an outline of an apparatus for realizing a seedling raising system of the present invention. This apparatus 10 maintains a seedling raising chamber 20, an LED light source 30 installed in the chamber, and a predetermined temperature in the chamber. And a control unit 50 for controlling the operation of the LED light source 30 and the temperature adjusting means 40. A shelf 60 for placing a seedling raising tray after sowing is provided in the chamber 20 as necessary. The seedling tray is a plug tray or the like in which a large number of pots are arranged and integrated, and is used for growing seedlings from sowing to planting. The seedling raising system of the present invention is applied to seedlings of long-day plants in a state where seedlings are sown and germinated in a seedling tray containing seedling culture soil, and about 2 to 5 true leaves have emerged.

図1に示す実施形態では、育苗トレイに均一に光が照射されるように、複数のLED光源30が、チャンバ20内に設置されている。LED光源30の電源(図示せず)は、制御部50によりオン・オフ制御される。LED光源としては、例えば、UB5306X、UC5306X等(スタンレー電気株式会社)の波長400〜550nmにピークを持つ青色系光を発する光源が用いられる。なお本発明の育苗システムは、上述した波長のLED光源のほかに、照明用等の光源装置を含んでいてもよい。   In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of LED light sources 30 are installed in the chamber 20 so that the seedling tray is uniformly irradiated with light. The power source (not shown) of the LED light source 30 is on / off controlled by the control unit 50. As the LED light source, for example, a light source that emits blue light having a peak at a wavelength of 400 to 550 nm such as UB5306X, UC5306X, or the like (Stanley Electric Co., Ltd.) is used. The seedling raising system of the present invention may include a light source device for illumination in addition to the LED light source having the wavelength described above.

またチャンバ内には、温度調整手段40として、例えば、クーラー等の冷却手段41、チャンバ内の温度を検知する温度計42、チャンバ内の温度を均一にするためのファン43などが備えられている。制御部50は、温度計42から検知したチャンバ内温度に相当する電気信号を入力し、チャンバ内温度が所定の温度を超えたときに冷却手段41を稼動し、チャンバ内温度がほぼ一定の温度に保たれるように制御する。   In the chamber, as the temperature adjusting means 40, for example, a cooling means 41 such as a cooler, a thermometer 42 for detecting the temperature in the chamber, a fan 43 for making the temperature in the chamber uniform, and the like are provided. . The controller 50 receives an electric signal corresponding to the temperature in the chamber detected from the thermometer 42, operates the cooling means 41 when the temperature in the chamber exceeds a predetermined temperature, and the temperature in the chamber is substantially constant. Control to be kept at.

制御部50は、入力手段(図示せず)を介して、LED光源30をオンにする時間(1日のオン時間)と期間(処理期間)、設定温度などの条件の入力を受付け、この条件に基きLED光源30および温度調整手段40を制御する。本実施形態では、オン時間として14時間以上、オン期間として600時間以下、設定温度として5〜15℃の温度が設定される。   The control unit 50 receives input of conditions such as a time (on time for one day) and a period (processing period) for turning on the LED light source 30 and a set temperature via an input unit (not shown). Based on the above, the LED light source 30 and the temperature adjusting means 40 are controlled. In this embodiment, the on time is set to 14 hours or longer, the on period is set to 600 hours or shorter, and the set temperature is set to 5 to 15 ° C.

制御部50は、本葉が出揃った苗が植えられた育苗トレイがチャンバ20内に搬入されると作動を開始し、入力手段を介して設定された条件に基いてチャンバ内温度を低温に維持するとともに、LED光源を点灯する。設定された処理期間の経過後、苗は育苗トレイから栽培ハウス等に定植される。
本発明の育苗システムによれば、幼苗期の長日植物に対し自動的に管理された条件による処理(低温処理と特定波長の光照射)を施すことができ、商品性の高い花の収穫および収穫時期の早期化に資することができる。
The control unit 50 starts operating when a seedling tray on which seedlings with true leaves are planted is carried into the chamber 20, and maintains the temperature in the chamber at a low temperature based on conditions set via the input means. At the same time, the LED light source is turned on. After the set treatment period has elapsed, the seedlings are planted from the seedling tray to a cultivation house or the like.
According to the seedling raising system of the present invention, it is possible to perform treatment (low temperature treatment and light irradiation of a specific wavelength) under automatically controlled conditions for a long-day plant in the seedling stage, It can contribute to the early harvest time.

以下、本発明の生育方法の実施例を説明する。   Examples of the growth method of the present invention will be described below.

<実施例1>
カンパニュラ「チャンピオンピンク」(キキョウ科)を72穴のプラグトレイに播種し、一般栽培用温室で育苗した。本葉が4〜5枚出揃った後に、光および温度の条件が異なる4つの試験区で1〜4週間生長させた。各試験区で1〜4週間、生長させた後、苗を3.5号ポットに定植し、一般栽培用温室内で、自然日長で育成し開花状態を確認した。
試験区1:一般栽培用温室内(温度15℃以上、太陽光)
試験区2:一般栽培用温室内(温度15℃以上、終日LED照射)
試験区3:グロースチャンバ(温度5℃、チャンバ内照明10時間日長)
試験区4:グロースチャンバ(温度5℃、終日LED照射)
<Example 1>
Campanula "Champion Pink" (Chrysantaceae) was sown in a 72-hole plug tray and raised in a greenhouse for general cultivation. After 4 to 5 true leaves were collected, they were grown for 1 to 4 weeks in 4 test plots with different light and temperature conditions. After growing for 1 to 4 weeks in each test section, the seedlings were planted in a No. 3.5 pot and grown in a natural day length in a greenhouse for general cultivation to confirm the flowering state.
Test section 1: Inside greenhouse for general cultivation (temperature 15 ° C or higher, sunlight)
Test area 2: Inside greenhouse for general cultivation (temperature of 15 ° C or higher, LED irradiation all day)
Test section 3: Growth chamber (temperature 5 ° C., chamber illumination 10 hours long)
Test section 4: Growth chamber (temperature 5 ° C, LED irradiation all day)

なお試験区1の条件は、従来の栽培法と同じである。試験区2、4で用いたLEDは、ピーク波長465nmの青色光を発するLED(UB5306X:スタンレー電気株式会社)であり、照射強度は50μmol・m-2・s-1とした。また試験区3では、電照時間を試験区1の太陽光の日長に合わせた時間(10時間)とした。 In addition, the conditions of the test area 1 are the same as the conventional cultivation method. The LEDs used in the test sections 2 and 4 are LEDs that emit blue light having a peak wavelength of 465 nm (UB5306X: Stanley Electric Co., Ltd.), and the irradiation intensity was 50 μmol · m −2 · s −1 . In test section 3, the illumination time was set to the time (10 hours) matched to the day length of sunlight in test section 1.

各試験区1〜4による処理を施した苗について、播種から開花するまでの日数(到花日数)および開花した花の数(花数)を計測した。到花日数の結果を表1および図2、花数の結果を表2および図3に示す。   About the seedling which performed the process by each test plots 1-4, the number of days (flower arrival days) until flowering from sowing and the number of flowers (number of flowers) was measured. The results of the number of flower arrivals are shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, and the results of the number of flowers are shown in Table 2 and FIG.

Figure 2011160771
Figure 2011160771

Figure 2011160771
Figure 2011160771

<到花日数>
図2は、到花日数を各試験区における処理期間毎に示すグラフである。表1および図2に示す結果からわかるように、低温処理したのみでは、到花日数は従来法(試験区1)と大差はなかったが、LED光照射することにより到花日数は早まり、期間が長いほど到花日数が短縮された。特に室温でLED光照射した場合には、大幅に到花日数が短縮された。
<Days to flower>
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the number of flower arrival days for each processing period in each test section. As can be seen from the results shown in Table 1 and FIG. 2, the number of flower arrival days was not significantly different from that of the conventional method (test group 1) only by low-temperature treatment, but the number of flower arrival days was accelerated by irradiation with LED light. The longer it was, the shorter the number of flower days arrived. In particular, when LED light was irradiated at room temperature, the number of flower days was significantly shortened.

<花数>
図3は、到花日数を各試験区における処理期間毎に示すグラフである。表2および図3に示す結果からわかるように、室温でLED光照射した場合には、花数が激減し、商品性のないものであった。一方、低温処理とLED光照射を併用した場合には、短期間の処理であれば花数が減ることはなかった。
<Number of flowers>
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the number of flower arrival days for each processing period in each test section. As can be seen from the results shown in Table 2 and FIG. 3, when the LED light was irradiated at room temperature, the number of flowers was drastically reduced and there was no commercial value. On the other hand, when the low-temperature treatment and LED light irradiation were used together, the number of flowers did not decrease if the treatment was for a short time.

<植物長>
LED光照射を行なった場合について、異なる環境温度における植物長を比較した結果を表3および図4に示す。
<Plant head>
Table 3 and FIG. 4 show the results of comparing plant lengths at different environmental temperatures when LED light irradiation is performed.

Figure 2011160771
Figure 2011160771

図示するように、植物長は、育苗環境の温度が高くなるにつれて長くなる傾向が見られ、低温処理をしないでLED光照射した場合は、処理期間が長引くにつれて徒長し、苗としての商品性が低下した。これに対し、低温処理とLED光照射を組み合わせた場合には、処理期間が4週間のものでも、徒長は観察されなかった。   As shown in the figure, the plant length tends to become longer as the temperature of the seedling environment increases, and when it is irradiated with LED light without low temperature treatment, the plant length grows as the treatment period prolongs, and the merchantability as a seedling is increased. Declined. On the other hand, when the low temperature treatment and LED light irradiation were combined, no chief was observed even if the treatment period was 4 weeks.

<結論>
以上の結果から、カンパニュラについては、幼苗期に温度15℃以下の低温処理とLED光照射を2週間程度行なうことにより、短い到花日数で、花数が多い切り花を収穫できることがわかった。また定植時の苗品質も徒長が見られず良好であった。
<Conclusion>
From the above results, it was found that, for campanula, cut flowers with a large number of flowers can be harvested in a short flowering period by performing low temperature treatment at a temperature of 15 ° C. or lower and LED light irradiation for about 2 weeks at the seedling stage. In addition, the seedling quality at the time of planting was good with no chief.

<実施例2>
アスター「松本スカーレット」(キク科)を実施例1と同様の育苗トレイに播種し、15℃換気(無加温)の温室内で育苗した。本葉が4〜5枚出揃った後に、光および温度の条件が異なる4つの試験区で1〜4週間生長させた。各試験区で1〜4週間、生長させた後、苗を3.5号ポットに定植し、15℃換気10℃加温の温室内で、自然日長で育成し開花状態を確認した。
試験区1:温室内(15℃換気10℃加温、太陽光)
試験区2:温室内(15℃換気10℃加温、終日LED照射)
試験区3:グロースチャンバ(温度5℃、チャンバ内照明10時間日長)
試験区4:グロースチャンバ(温度5℃、終日LED照射)
<Example 2>
The aster “Matsumoto Scarlet” (Asteraceae) was sown in a seedling tray similar to that in Example 1, and the seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with 15 ° C. ventilation (no heating). After 4 to 5 true leaves were collected, they were grown for 1 to 4 weeks in 4 test plots with different light and temperature conditions. After growing for 1 to 4 weeks in each test section, the seedlings were planted in a No. 3.5 pot and grown in a natural day length in a greenhouse with 15 ° C. ventilation and 10 ° C. heating to confirm the flowering state.
Test section 1: Inside the greenhouse (15 ° C ventilation 10 ° C warming, sunlight)
Test Zone 2: Greenhouse (15 ° C ventilation, 10 ° C heating, LED irradiation all day)
Test section 3: Growth chamber (temperature 5 ° C., chamber illumination 10 hours long)
Test section 4: Growth chamber (temperature 5 ° C, LED irradiation all day)

試験区1の条件は、従来の栽培法と同じである。試験区2、4では、ピーク波長465nmの青色光を発するLEDを用い、照射強度は50μmol・m-2・s-1とした。また試験区3では、電照時間を試験区1の太陽光の日長に合わせた時間(10時間)とした。
各試験区1〜4による処理を施した苗について、播種から開花するまでの日数(到花日数)および開花した花の数(花数)を計測した。結果を表4および図5、図6に示す。
The conditions of the test area 1 are the same as the conventional cultivation method. In the test groups 2 and 4, an LED emitting blue light having a peak wavelength of 465 nm was used, and the irradiation intensity was 50 μmol · m −2 · s −1 . In test section 3, the illumination time was set to the time (10 hours) matched to the day length of sunlight in test section 1.
About the seedling which performed the process by each test plots 1-4, the number of days (flower arrival days) until flowering from sowing and the number of flowers (number of flowers) was measured. The results are shown in Table 4 and FIGS.

Figure 2011160771
Figure 2011160771

<到花日数>
図5は、到花日数を各試験区における処理期間毎に示すグラフである。この結果からわかるように、低温処理のみを行なった場合(試験区3)には、到花日数は従来法(試験区1)より若干長くなる傾向が見られたが、LED光照射した場合(試験区2、4)には到花日数は早まり、期間が長いほど到花日数が短縮された。特に室温でLED光照射した場合には、大幅に到花日数が短縮された。
<Days to flower>
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the number of flower arrival days for each processing period in each test section. As can be seen from this result, when only low-temperature treatment was performed (test group 3), the number of flower arrival days tended to be slightly longer than in the conventional method (test group 1), but when LED light was irradiated ( In the test plots 2, 4), the number of flowers reached earlier, and the longer the period, the shorter the number of flowers arrived. In particular, when LED light was irradiated at room temperature, the number of flower days was significantly shortened.

<花数>
図6は、到花日数を各試験区における処理期間毎に示すグラフである。この結果からわかるように、室温(15℃)でLED光照射した場合(試験区2)には、試験区環境での育苗期間が2週間になると花数が激減したが、低温処理とLED光照射を併用した場合には、2週間の処理では花数が減ることはなく、3週間になると花数が激減した。
<Number of flowers>
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the number of flower arrival days for each processing period in each test section. As can be seen from this result, when the LED light was irradiated at room temperature (15 ° C) (test zone 2), the number of flowers decreased drastically when the seedling period in the test zone environment reached 2 weeks. When irradiation was used in combination, the number of flowers did not decrease in the treatment for 2 weeks, and the number of flowers decreased dramatically in 3 weeks.

<植物長>
植物長については、実施例1と同様に、15℃でLED光照射した場合には、処理期間が長引くにつれて、植物長が長くなる徒長が見られ苗としての商品性が低下したのに対し、低温処理とLED光照射を組み合わせた場合には、処理期間が4週間経っても徒長は観察されなかった。
<Plant head>
As for the plant length, as in Example 1, when the LED light was irradiated at 15 ° C., the length of the plant length was increased as the treatment period was prolonged, whereas the commercial value as a seedling was reduced. When low temperature treatment and LED light irradiation were combined, no chief was observed even after 4 weeks of treatment.

<結論>
以上の結果から、アスターについては、幼苗期に温度15℃以下の低温処理とLED光照射を2週間以上3週間未満行なうことにより、従来法に比べ到花日数を短縮することができ、且つ花数が多い切り花を収穫できることがわかった。また、定植時の苗品質も徒長が見られず良好であった。
<Conclusion>
From the above results, it is possible to reduce the number of flower days for asters compared to the conventional method by performing low temperature treatment at a temperature of 15 ° C. or lower and LED light irradiation for 2 to 3 weeks at the seedling stage. It turned out that a large number of cut flowers can be harvested. In addition, the seedling quality at the time of planting was also good with no chief.

本発明によれば、長日植物の幼苗期に限定的な期間に低温処理と光照射を組み合わせた処理を行なうことにより、花数の多い商品性の高い花を従来よりも1〜2ヶ月早期に切り花を収穫することが可能になる。また本発明の方法で生育された植物は、草丈が伸長しない場合は、鉢物としての利用が期待される。   According to the present invention, by performing a combination of low-temperature treatment and light irradiation for a limited period in the seedling period of long-day plants, flowers having a high number of flowers and high merchantability can be produced one to two months earlier than before. It becomes possible to harvest cut flowers. Moreover, the plant grown by the method of the present invention is expected to be used as a pot if the plant height does not elongate.

10・・・育苗システム、20・・・チャンバ、30・・・LED光源、40・・・温度調整手段、41・・・冷却手段、42・・・温度計、43・・・ファン、50・・・制御部、60・・・棚。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Raising system, 20 ... Chamber, 30 ... LED light source, 40 ... Temperature adjustment means, 41 ... Cooling means, 42 ... Thermometer, 43 ... Fan, 50. ..Control unit, 60 ... shelf.

Claims (7)

発芽後の苗を、管理された環境内で育苗する花卉の育苗方法であって、
発芽後本葉が出揃った後の幼苗に、温度15℃以下の低温下で、ピーク波長400〜550nmの光を100時間以上、600時間以下の期間照射することを特徴とする花卉の育苗方法。
A method for raising a flower bud in which a seedling after germination is bred in a controlled environment,
A method for raising a flower bud, characterized by irradiating seedlings after germination of main leaves with light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm for a period of 100 hours to 600 hours at a low temperature of 15 ° C. or less.
請求項1に記載の花卉の育苗方法であって、
前記ピーク波長400〜550nmの光は、LEDを光源とする光であることを特徴とする花卉の育苗方法。
A method for raising a flower bud according to claim 1,
The flower seedling raising method, wherein the light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm is light using an LED as a light source.
請求項1又は2に記載の花卉の育苗方法であって、
前記ピーク波長400〜550nmの光は、光量子束密度が15〜200μmol・m-2・s-1であることを特徴とする花卉の育苗方法。
A method for raising a flower bud according to claim 1 or 2,
A method for raising florets, wherein the light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm has a photon flux density of 15 to 200 μmol · m −2 · s −1 .
請求項1ないし3のいずれか1項に記載の花卉の育苗方法であって、
前記低温下における光の照射は、1日当たり14時間以上であることを特徴とする花卉の育苗方法。
A method for raising a flower bud according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The method for raising florets, wherein the irradiation with light at a low temperature is 14 hours or more per day.
請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の花卉の育苗方法であって、
前記花卉は、長日植物であることを特徴とする花卉の育苗方法。
A method for raising a flower bud according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The method for raising florets, wherein the florets are long-day plants.
定植前の苗を収容するチャンバと、前記チャンバ内の温度を調整する温度調整手段と、前記苗にピーク波長400〜550nmの青色系光を照射する手段と、前記温度調整手段および光照射手段を制御する制御手段とを備えた育苗システムであって
前記制御手段は、3週間を上限とする一定期間、前記チャンバ内の温度が15℃以下となるように前記温度調整手段を制御するとともに、前記一定期間の間、前記青色系光の1日当たりの照射時間が14時間以上となるように前記光照射手段を制御することを特徴とする育苗システム。
A chamber for storing seedlings before planting, temperature adjusting means for adjusting the temperature in the chamber, means for irradiating the seedlings with blue light having a peak wavelength of 400 to 550 nm, and the temperature adjusting means and the light irradiating means. A seedling system comprising a control means for controlling, wherein the control means controls the temperature adjusting means so that the temperature in the chamber becomes 15 ° C. or lower for a fixed period of up to 3 weeks, and The seedling raising system characterized by controlling the said light irradiation means so that the irradiation time per day of the said blue-type light may become 14 hours or more during a fixed period.
請求項6に記載の育苗システムであって、
前記光照射手段は、LED装置を含むことを特徴とする育苗システム。
The seedling raising system according to claim 6,
The seedling system, wherein the light irradiation means includes an LED device.
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JP2014045757A (en) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-17 Seikei Gakuen Method and apparatus for growing plant
WO2024004260A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 メビオール株式会社 Plant cultivation system and cultivation method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2014045757A (en) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-17 Seikei Gakuen Method and apparatus for growing plant
WO2024004260A1 (en) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 メビオール株式会社 Plant cultivation system and cultivation method

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