JP6444611B2 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents
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- JP6444611B2 JP6444611B2 JP2014088177A JP2014088177A JP6444611B2 JP 6444611 B2 JP6444611 B2 JP 6444611B2 JP 2014088177 A JP2014088177 A JP 2014088177A JP 2014088177 A JP2014088177 A JP 2014088177A JP 6444611 B2 JP6444611 B2 JP 6444611B2
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 114
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 103
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006328 Styrofoam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008261 styrofoam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015802 Lactuca sativa var crispa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000004201 Lactuca sativa var. crispa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000985694 Polypodiopsida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/02—Treatment of plants with carbon dioxide
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Description
本発明は、植物栽培方法に関する。より詳しくは、人工光である赤色光と青色光とを交互に照射して植物の成長を促進する植物栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method. More specifically, the present invention relates to a plant cultivation method for promoting plant growth by alternately irradiating artificial light with red light and blue light.
従来、植物栽培において、植物苗に人工光を照射して育苗を促す技術が取り入れられている。植物の生長を促進することで、栽培期間を短縮して、同一場所での収穫回数を増やすことができる。また、同じ栽培期間であっても、植物をより大きく生長させることができ、収穫量を増やすことができる。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in plant cultivation, a technique for promoting plant growth by irradiating plant seedlings with artificial light has been adopted. By promoting the growth of plants, the cultivation period can be shortened and the number of harvests at the same place can be increased. Moreover, even if it is the same cultivation period, a plant can be grown more largely and a yield can be increased.
そのような人工光照射により植物の成長を促進する植物栽培方法として、特許文献１には、青色光（４００−４８０ｍｍ）を放射する発光ダイオードと赤色光 (６２０−７００ｍｍ）を放射する発光ダイオードを同時もしくは交互に点灯することにより、植物の培養、生育、栽培及び組織培養のための光エネルギーを照射する植物栽培用光源が開示されている。この植物栽培用光源は、葉緑素の光吸収ピーク （４５０ｎｍ付近及び６６０ｎｍ付近)に一致する波長の光のみを照射することによって、エネルギー効率良く植物を栽培しようとするものである。特許文献１では、青色光の照射手順と赤色光の照射手順とを交互に行うことは記載されておらず、そのように照射した場合の生長促進効果は確認されていない。 As a plant cultivation method for promoting the growth of plants by such artificial light irradiation, Patent Document 1 discloses a light emitting diode that emits blue light (400 to 480 mm) and a light emitting diode that emits red light (620 to 700 mm). A light source for plant cultivation that irradiates light energy for culturing, growing, cultivating, and cultivating a plant by lighting simultaneously or alternately is disclosed. This light source for plant cultivation is intended to cultivate plants with high energy efficiency by irradiating only light having a wavelength matching the light absorption peak of chlorophyll (around 450 nm and around 660 nm). In Patent Document 1, it is not described that the irradiation procedure of blue light and the irradiation procedure of red light are performed alternately, and the growth promoting effect in such irradiation is not confirmed.
特許文献２には、赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、を一定期間内に別個独立に行う植物栽培方法が開示されている。この植物栽培方法は発明者の名前に因んで執行法(Shigyo Method)とも呼ばれており、特許文献２の植物栽培方法によれば、赤色光照明光を植物に照射するステップと、青色光照明光を植物に照射するステップとを交互に連続して行なうことにより、蛍光灯により同一積算光量を照射しながら同一期間栽培を行なった場合と比較して、より多くの収穫量を得ることができる。 Patent Document 2 discloses a plant cultivation method in which a step of irradiating a plant with red light illumination light and a step of irradiating a plant with blue light illumination light are independently performed within a certain period. This plant cultivation method is also called the execution method (Shigyo Method) in the name of the inventor. According to the plant cultivation method of Patent Document 2, a step of irradiating a plant with red light illumination light, By performing the step of irradiating the plant alternately and continuously, a larger amount of harvest can be obtained as compared with the case where cultivation is performed for the same period while irradiating the same integrated light quantity with a fluorescent lamp.
一方、特許文献３には、炭酸ガス（ＣＯ2）濃度を高めた環境下で植物を栽培することにより効率的な促成栽培を実現する植物栽培システムが開示されている。特許文献３では主に植物栽培環境の炭酸ガス濃度を１，０００ｐｐｍ程度に調整することが最も効率的とされている。 On the other hand, Patent Literature 3 discloses a plant cultivation system that realizes efficient forcing cultivation by cultivating plants in an environment in which the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is increased. In Patent Document 3, it is most efficient to adjust the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment to about 1,000 ppm.
本発明の目的は、赤色光と青色光とを交互に照射する植物栽培方法において、植物の成長をより一層促進する方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a method for further promoting plant growth in a plant cultivation method in which red light and blue light are alternately irradiated.
本発明者らは、期せずして、赤色光と青色光とを交互に照射する植物栽培方法では、植物栽培環境の炭酸ガス濃度が、栽培に従来最も効率的と考えられていた１，０００ｐｐｍ程度を超える１３００ｐｐｍ以上である場合に植物の生育効果が大きく、また炭酸ガス濃度による生育効果が、栽培環境の光量が大きいほど顕著になることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。 The inventors of the present invention unexpectedly, in the plant cultivation method of alternately irradiating red light and blue light, the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment has been conventionally considered the most efficient for cultivation 1, It has been found that the growth effect of plants is large when it is 1300 ppm or more exceeding about 000 ppm, and the growth effect due to the concentration of carbon dioxide gas becomes more remarkable as the light quantity in the cultivation environment is larger, and the present invention has been completed.
すなわち、本発明は以下の通りである。
［１］（Ａ）赤色光を植物に照射する工程と、（Ｂ）青色光を植物に照射する工程とを一定期間内に別個独立に行なう植物栽培方法であって、工程（Ａ）における赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、工程（Ｂ）における青色光の光合成光量子束密度が５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、かつ工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１５００ｐｐｍよりも高いことを特徴とする植物栽培方法。
［２］工程（Ａ）における赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が２００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上であり、工程（Ｂ）における青色光の光合成光量子束密度が１２０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上である［１］に記載の植物栽培方法。
［３］工程（Ａ）の赤色光の光量の工程（Ｂ）の青色光の光量に対する比が１：１〜３：１である［１］または［２］に記載の植物栽培方法。
［４］（Ａ）赤色光を植物に照射する工程と、（Ｂ）青色光を植物に照射する工程とを一定期間内に別個独立に行なう植物栽培方法であって、工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１５００ｐｐｍよりも高いことを特徴とする植物栽培方法。
［５］工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも２０００ｐｐｍ以上５０００ｐｐｍ以下であることを特徴とする［１］〜［４］のいずれか一項の植物栽培方法。
［６］工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における照射時間をそれぞれ０．１時間以上４８時間以下とすることを特徴とする請求項［１］〜［５］のいずれか一項に記載の植物栽培方法。
［７］工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における照射時間をそれぞれ３時間以上２４時間以下とすることを特徴とする［６］に記載の植物栽培方法。
That is, the present invention is as follows.
[1] irradiating the (A) red light plant, a (B) will row to independently and a step of irradiating the plant blue light within a certain period of time plant cultivation method, step (A greater than photosynthetic photon flux density of the red light is 150 [mu] mol / m 2 s in), step (B) greater than the photosynthetic photon flux density of the blue light is 50 [mu] mol / m 2 s at, and step (a) and (B The plant cultivation method is characterized in that the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment is higher than 1500 ppm .
[2] The photosynthesis photon flux density of red light in step (A) is 200 μmol / m 2 s or more, and the photosynthesis photon flux density of blue light in step (B) is 120 μmol / m 2 s or more. The plant cultivation method as described.
[3] The plant cultivation method according to [1] or [2], wherein the ratio of the amount of red light in step (A) to the amount of blue light in step (B) is 1: 1 to 3: 1.
[4] a step of irradiating (A) red light plant, a (B) will row to independently and a step of irradiating the plant blue light within a certain period of time plant cultivation method, step (A ) And the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment in the step (B) are both higher than 1500 ppm.
[5] The plant cultivation method according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in step (A) and step (B) is 2000 ppm or more and 5000 ppm or less. .
[6] The plant according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the irradiation time in the step (A) and the step (B) is 0.1 hours to 48 hours, respectively. Cultivation method.
[7] The plant cultivation method according to [6], wherein the irradiation time in the step (A) and the step (B) is 3 hours or more and 24 hours or less, respectively.
本発明によれば、赤色光と青色光とを交互に照射する植物栽培方法において、赤色光の光合成量子束密度が１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓより大きく、青色光の光合成量子束密度が５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓより大きい光量の下、１３００ｐｐｍ以上の二酸化炭素濃度を用いることにより、優れた成長促進効果を得ることが可能となる。また、成長促進効果は二酸化炭素濃度が１５００ｐｐｍよりも高い場合により顕著である。 According to the present invention, in a plant cultivation method in which red light and blue light are alternately irradiated, the photosynthetic quantum flux density of red light is larger than 150 μmol / m 2 s, and the photosynthetic quantum flux density of blue light is 50 μmol / m 2. An excellent growth promoting effect can be obtained by using a carbon dioxide concentration of 1300 ppm or more under a light amount larger than s. The growth promoting effect is more remarkable when the carbon dioxide concentration is higher than 1500 ppm.
本発明において、「植物」には、葉菜類、果菜類、及び穀類が少なくとも含まれ、藻類およびコケ類なども広く包含されるものとする。 In the present invention, “plant” includes at least leafy vegetables, fruit vegetables, and cereals, and algae and moss are also widely included.
以下、本発明を実施するための好適な形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下に説明する実施形態は、本発明の代表的な実施形態の一例を示したものであり、これにより本発明の範囲が狭く解釈されることはない。 DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, embodiment described below shows an example of typical embodiment of this invention, and, thereby, the range of this invention is not interpreted narrowly.
本発明の一つの植物栽培方法は、（Ａ）赤色光を植物に照射する工程と、（Ｂ）青色光を植物に照射する工程とを一定期間内に別個独立に行なう工程とを含む植物栽培方法であって、工程（Ａ）における赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、工程（Ｂ）における青色光の光合成光量子束密度が５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、かつ工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上であることを特徴とする。なお、本明細書において、ｐｐｍは体積百万分率を指す。 One plant cultivation method of the present invention includes (A) a step of irradiating a plant with red light and (B) a step of separately irradiating the plant with blue light within a certain period of time. a method, greater than Kogosei photon flux density of red light 150μmol / m 2 s in step (a), Kogosei photon flux density of the blue light in the step (B) is greater than 50μmol / m 2 s, and The carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment in the step (A) and the step (B) is both 1300 ppm or more. In the present specification, ppm refers to parts per million by volume.
本発明の別の植物栽培方法は、（Ａ）赤色光を植物に照射する工程（以下、赤色光照射工程）と、（Ｂ）青色光を植物に照射する工程（以下、青色光照射工程）とを一定期間内に別個独立に行なう工程とを含む植物栽培方法であって、工程（Ａ）および工程（Ｂ）における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１５００ｐｐｍよりも高いことを特徴とする。 Another plant cultivation method of the present invention includes (A) a step of irradiating a plant with red light (hereinafter referred to as a red light irradiation step), and (B) a step of irradiating a plant with blue light (hereinafter referred to as a blue light irradiation step). And the step of separately and independently performing the process within a certain period, characterized in that the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment in step (A) and step (B) is higher than 1500 ppm. .
赤色光としては、中心波長が５７０〜７３０ｎｍの赤色光が挙げられ、好ましくは中心波長が６４５〜６８０ｎｍの赤色光である。青色光としては、中心波長が４００〜５１５ｎｍの青色光が挙げられ、好ましくは中心波長が４００〜４６０ｎｍの青色光である。赤色光と青色光の波長は、各照射工程の一つの照射サイクルにおいて上記波長域の範囲内で変化させてもよいし、ある照射サイクルと別のある照射サイクル間で変化させてもよい。赤色光を照射する場合の照明光は、赤色光を含んでいればよく、上記赤色光と異なる波長の光を含んでいてもよいが、上記の青色光を含まないことが好ましい。青色光を照射する場合の照明光は、青色光を含んでいればよく、上記青色光と異なる波長の光を含んでいてもよいが、上記の赤色光を含まないことが好ましい。赤色光を照射する場合の照明光が青色光を含まず、青色光を照射する場合の照明光が赤色光を含まないことが好ましく、赤色光を照射する場合の照明光は赤色光のみ、青色光を照射する場合の照明光は青色光のみである場合が特に好ましい。通常、赤色光を照射する場合の総光量に対する赤色光の割合は６０％以上であり、より好ましくは８０％以上、最も好ましくは１００％である。通常、青色光を照射する場合の総光量に対する青色光の割合は６０％以上であり、より好ましくは８０％以上、最も好ましくは１００％である。 Examples of the red light include red light having a center wavelength of 570 to 730 nm, preferably red light having a center wavelength of 645 to 680 nm. Examples of the blue light include blue light having a center wavelength of 400 to 515 nm, preferably blue light having a center wavelength of 400 to 460 nm. The wavelengths of the red light and the blue light may be changed within the above wavelength range in one irradiation cycle of each irradiation step, or may be changed between a certain irradiation cycle and another certain irradiation cycle. The illumination light in the case of irradiating red light only needs to contain red light and may contain light having a wavelength different from that of the red light, but preferably does not contain the blue light. The illumination light in the case of irradiating with blue light only needs to contain blue light, and may contain light having a wavelength different from that of the blue light, but preferably does not contain the red light. It is preferable that the illumination light when irradiating red light does not include blue light, and the illumination light when irradiating blue light does not include red light, and the illumination light when irradiating red light is only red light, blue It is particularly preferable that the illumination light when irradiating light is only blue light. Usually, the ratio of red light to the total amount of light when irradiating red light is 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 100%. Usually, the ratio of blue light to the total amount of light when irradiating with blue light is 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and most preferably 100%.
ここで、「一定期間」とは、植物栽培中の任意時間長の期間を意味する。この期間は最長で栽培全期間である。また、最短の期間は、本発明の効果が奏される限りにおいて任意に設定できる。この期間は、例えば時間 (hr)を時間長の単位とするものであってよく、さらにより長い時間長単位 (例えば日 (day))あるいはより短い時間長単位 (例えば分 (minutes))とするものであってもよい。 Here, the “certain period” means a period of arbitrary time length during plant cultivation. This period is the longest cultivation period. Further, the shortest period can be arbitrarily set as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited. This period may be, for example, time (hr) as a unit of time length, and may be a longer time unit (eg, day) or a shorter unit of time (eg, minutes). It may be a thing.
本発明の植物栽培方法は、種子が発芽した直後あるいは苗を植えた直後から収穫までの植物の栽培全期間において、任意のタイミングで開始あるいは終了され、任意時間長で適用され得るものとする。 The plant cultivation method of the present invention is started or terminated at an arbitrary timing and can be applied for an arbitrary time length in the entire cultivation period of plants from immediately after seed germination or after planting seedlings to harvesting.
また、「別個独立」とは、上記一定期間内に、赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程とが別々に存することを意味する。赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程とは、上記一定期間内に少なくとも１つの工程がそれぞれ含まれていればよいが、２つ以上の工程がそれぞれ含まれることが好ましい。 Further, “separately independent” means that the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step exist separately within the predetermined period. The red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may include at least one step within the predetermined period, but preferably include two or more steps.
また、赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程は交互に連続して行ってもよいし、両工程の間に、赤色光および青色光を植物に同時照射する工程を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行うか、または植物の光照射を休止する工程を挟んで不連続に繰り返して行ってもよい。ただし、植物成長効果を高めるためには交互に連続して行なうことが好ましい。赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程のいずれを先に行なうかは任意である。これらの照射パターンはＷＯ２０１３／０２１９５２に記載されているように公知である。 In addition, the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step may be alternately performed continuously, or between the two steps, the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are repeatedly performed discontinuously with a step of simultaneously irradiating the plant with red light and blue light. Or you may carry out repeatedly discontinuously across the process of stopping the light irradiation of a plant. However, in order to enhance the plant growth effect, it is preferable to carry out alternately and continuously. Which of the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step is performed first is arbitrary. These irradiation patterns are known as described in WO2013 / 021952.
赤色光を植物に照射する照射サイクルの時間および青色光を植物に照射する照射サイクルの時間はそれぞれ任意に設定でき、それぞれ通常０．１時間以上４８時間未満とし、好ましくは３時間以上とする。高い植物成長効果を得るため、赤色光の照射時間および青色光の照射時間はそれぞれ３時間以上２４時間以下とすることが最も好ましい。例えば赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程は交互に連続して行い、一つの照射サイクルを一日とする場合、赤色光照射工程を１２時間、青色光照射工程を１２時間とすることができる。また例えば、一日に照射サイクルを４回繰り返す場合、一つの照射サイクルは６時間となり、赤色光照射工程を３時間、青色光照射工程を３時間とすることができる。一つの照射サイクルの時間は、ある照射サイクルと別の照射サイクルとの間で変化させてもよい。また、ある一つの照射サイクルにおいて、赤色光の照射時間および青色光の照射時間の時間比は同じであっても異なっていてもよく、「１２時間・１２時間（１：１）」、「１６時間・８時間（２：１）」「２１時間・３時間（７：１）」などのように任意に設定し得る。 The irradiation cycle time for irradiating the plant with red light and the irradiation cycle time for irradiating the plant with blue light can be arbitrarily set, and are usually 0.1 hours or more and less than 48 hours, preferably 3 hours or more. In order to obtain a high plant growth effect, the irradiation time of red light and the irradiation time of blue light are most preferably 3 hours or more and 24 hours or less, respectively. For example, when the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are performed alternately and continuously, and one irradiation cycle is a day, the red light irradiation step can be 12 hours and the blue light irradiation step can be 12 hours. For example, when the irradiation cycle is repeated four times a day, one irradiation cycle can be 6 hours, the red light irradiation step can be 3 hours, and the blue light irradiation step can be 3 hours. The time of one irradiation cycle may vary between one irradiation cycle and another. Further, in one irradiation cycle, the time ratio between the irradiation time of the red light and the irradiation time of the blue light may be the same or different, and “12 hours / 12 hours (1: 1)”, “16 Time, 8 hours (2: 1), “21 hours, 3 hours (7: 1)”, etc. can be arbitrarily set.
赤色光を植物に照射する工程、青色光を植物に照射する工程、および赤色光および青色光を植物に同時照射する工程における赤色光および青色光の光量（強度）は特に限定されないが、例えば光合成光量子束密度(Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density: ＰＰＦＤ)で、それぞれ１〜１０００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ、好ましくは１０〜５００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓである。赤色光の光合成光量子束密度は、通常１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、より好ましくは１６０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、１７０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、１８０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、１９０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、または２００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上であり、上限値は５００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以下、より好ましくは２５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以下とする。青色光の光合成光量子束密度は、通常５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、より好ましくは６０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、７０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、８０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、９０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、１００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、１１０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上、または１２０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上であり、上限値は５００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以下、より好ましくは２５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以下とする。一実施形態では、赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が２００μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上であり、青色光の光合成光量子束密度が１２０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ以上である。このような高い赤色光および青色光の光合成光量子束密度では、二酸化炭素の濃度上昇に伴う植物の生育効果がより一層高められ得る。 The amount of light (intensity) of red light and blue light in the step of irradiating the plant with red light, the step of irradiating the plant with blue light, and the step of irradiating the plant with red light and blue light simultaneously is not particularly limited. The photon flux density (PPFD) is 1 to 1000 μmol / m 2 s, preferably 10 to 500 μmol / m 2 s. The photosynthetic photon flux density of red light is usually larger than 150 μmol / m 2 s, more preferably 160 μmol / m 2 s or more, 170 μmol / m 2 s or more, 180 μmol / m 2 s or more, 190 μmol / m 2 s or more, Alternatively, it is 200 μmol / m 2 s or more, and the upper limit is 500 μmol / m 2 s or less, more preferably 250 μmol / m 2 s or less. Photosynthetic photon flux density of the blue light is greater than the normal 50 [mu] mol / m 2 s, and more preferably 60 [mu] mol / m 2 s or more, 70μmol / m 2 s or more, 80μmol / m 2 s or more, 90 [mu] mol / m 2 s or more, 100 [mu] mol / m 2 s or more, 110μmol / m 2 s or more, or a 120 [mu] mol / m 2 s or more, the upper limit is 500 [mu] mol / m 2 s or less, more preferably less 250μmol / m 2 s. In one embodiment, the photosynthetic photon flux density of red light is 200 μmol / m 2 s or more, and the photosynthetic photon flux density of blue light is 120 μmol / m 2 s or more. Such a high density of photosynthetic photon fluxes of red light and blue light can further enhance the growth effect of plants accompanying an increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide.
また、赤色光を植物に照射する工程および青色光を植物に照射する工程において照射する光の１日当たりの合計の積算光量は、好ましくは７．２ｍｏｌ／ｍ2以上であり、より好ましくは１０．８ｍｏｌ/ｍ2以上である。 Further, the total integrated light amount per day of the light irradiated in the step of irradiating the plant with red light and the step of irradiating the plant with blue light is preferably 7.2 mol / m 2 or more, more preferably 10. 8 mol / m 2 or more.
赤色光照射工程における赤色光の青色光照射工程における青色光に対する光量（強度）の比は、任意に設定され得るが、「赤：青」あるいは「青：赤」で１：１〜２０：１程度の範囲が好ましい。光量比は、具体的には、「赤：青」あるいは「青：赤」で例えば１：１、５：３、２：１、３：１、４：１、１０：１、２０：１などのように設定され得る。光量比は、特に好ましくは「赤：青」で１：１〜３：１である。かかる範囲の場合、植物の成長がより促進され得る。また、赤色光および青色光の光量は上記範囲内で変化されてもよく、例えばある照射サイクル内で光量を変化させてもよく、ある照射サイクルと別のある照射サイクル間で光量を変化させてもよい。これらの照射パターンはＷＯ２０１３／０２１９５２に記載されているように公知である。 The ratio of the amount of light (intensity) of the red light to the blue light in the blue light irradiation step in the red light irradiation step can be arbitrarily set, but “red: blue” or “blue: red” is 1: 1 to 20: 1. A range of about is preferred. Specifically, the light quantity ratio is “red: blue” or “blue: red”, for example, 1: 1, 5: 3, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, etc. It can be set as follows. The light quantity ratio is particularly preferably “red: blue” and 1: 1-3: 1. In such a range, plant growth can be further promoted. The light quantity of red light and blue light may be changed within the above range, for example, the light quantity may be changed within a certain irradiation cycle, and the light quantity may be changed between a certain irradiation cycle and another certain irradiation cycle. Also good. These irradiation patterns are known as described in WO2013 / 021952.
本発明の植物栽培方法を実施可能な植物栽培装置は、赤色光および青色光を植物に照射する光照射部と、赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程とを一定期間内に別個独立に実行する制御部とを備えている。光照射部には赤色光および青色光を放射する光源が含まれ、光源には波長選択が容易で、有効波長域の光エネルギーの占める割合が大きい光を放射する発光ダイオード（ＬＥＤ）や、レーザーダイオード（ＬＤ）、エレクトロルミネッセンス (ＥＬ)素子などの光半導体素子を用いることが好ましい。ＥＬ素子を用いる場合、有機ＥＬ素子であってもよいし、無機ＥＬ素子であってもよい。好ましくは光源は、中心波長が５７０〜７３０ｎｍ、好ましくは中心波長が６４５〜６８０ｎｍの赤色ＬＥＤ素子と、中心波長が４００〜５１５ｎｍ、好ましくは中心波長が４００〜４６０ｎｍの青色ＬＥＤ素子とからなる。複数の赤色ＬＥＤ素子および複数の青色ＬＥＤ素子の個数を調節することにより、赤色光の発光強度、青色光の発光強度ならびにこれらの両者の光の光量（強度）比を調節することが可能である。 A plant cultivation apparatus capable of performing the plant cultivation method of the present invention separately executes a light irradiation unit that irradiates a plant with red light and blue light, and a red light irradiation step and a blue light irradiation step separately within a certain period. And a control unit. The light irradiator includes a light source that emits red light and blue light. The light source is a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light with a large proportion of light energy in the effective wavelength range, and wavelength selection is easy. It is preferable to use an optical semiconductor element such as a diode (LD) or an electroluminescence (EL) element. When an EL element is used, it may be an organic EL element or an inorganic EL element. Preferably, the light source comprises a red LED element having a central wavelength of 570 to 730 nm, preferably 645 to 680 nm, and a blue LED element having a central wavelength of 400 to 515 nm, preferably 400 to 460 nm. By adjusting the number of the plurality of red LED elements and the plurality of blue LED elements, it is possible to adjust the emission intensity of red light, the emission intensity of blue light, and the light quantity (intensity) ratio of the light of both. .
制御部は、光照射部から発射される赤色光および青色光の光量（強度）、波長および／または照射時間を所定値に維持するか、あるいは所定のパターンで変化させる。制御部は汎用のコンピュータを用いて構成することができる。そのような光照射部および制御部を備えた植物栽培装置は公知であり、例えばＷＯ２０１３／０２１９５２に記載された植物栽培装置または特開２０１３−２０１９０３に記載された植物栽培用ＬＥＤランプ等を使用することが可能である。 The control unit maintains the light amount (intensity), wavelength, and / or irradiation time of red light and blue light emitted from the light irradiation unit at predetermined values or changes them in a predetermined pattern. The control unit can be configured using a general-purpose computer. The plant cultivation apparatus provided with such a light irradiation part and a control part is well-known, for example, the plant cultivation apparatus described in WO2013 / 021952 or the LED lamp for plant cultivation described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2013-201903 etc. is used. It is possible.
図１は、制御部による制御パターンの一例を示す略図である。この実施形態では、制御部は、赤色光照射工程と、青色光照射工程とを交互に連続して行なうよう光照射を制御する。 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a control pattern by a control unit. In this embodiment, the control unit controls the light irradiation so that the red light irradiation process and the blue light irradiation process are alternately and continuously performed.
図中、符号Ｓ１は赤色光照射工程、符号Ｓ２は青色光照射工程を示す。本実施形態では、赤色光照射工程Ｓ１と青色光照射工程Ｓ２が交互に連続して行われ、赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程Ｓ２とからなる照射サイクルが繰り返し行われる。また、Ｃ1は第１回目の照射サイクル、Ｃ2は第２回目の照射サイクルであるが、各照射サイクルは赤色光および青色光の照射サイクルの時間について上述したように必要に応じて設定することが可能である。 In the figure, symbol S1 indicates a red light irradiation step, and symbol S2 indicates a blue light irradiation step. In the present embodiment, the red light irradiation step S1 and the blue light irradiation step S2 are alternately and continuously performed, and the irradiation cycle including the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step S2 is repeatedly performed. C 1 is the first irradiation cycle, and C 2 is the second irradiation cycle. Each irradiation cycle is set as necessary with respect to the time of the red light and blue light irradiation cycles as described above. It is possible.
このように、植物に対して赤色光と青色光を交互に照射することにより、生長を顕著に促進することができる（試験例参照）。また、徒長を抑制して、収穫量を向上させることも可能である。 In this way, the growth can be remarkably promoted by alternately irradiating the plant with red light and blue light (see test examples). It is also possible to improve the yield by suppressing the chief.
大気中の二酸化炭素は約３５０ｐｐｍであるが、植物工場等の閉鎖空間内で植物を育成する場合は二酸化炭素濃度を高めることで生育効果が高まることが知られている。本発明の方法によれば、赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度はいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上、より好ましくは１５００ｐｐｍ以上、さらに好ましくは２０００ｐｐｍ以上である。上限値は通常５０００ｐｍｍ以下である。一実施形態では、赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度はいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上３０００ｐｐｍ以下である。別の実施形態では、当該二酸化炭素濃度は１５００ｐｐｍを超え２５００ｐｐｍ以下である。さらに別の実施形態では、当該二酸化炭素濃度は３５００ｐｐｍ以上４５００ｐｐｍ以下である。 Although carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 350 ppm, it is known that when growing plants in a closed space such as a plant factory, the growth effect is enhanced by increasing the carbon dioxide concentration. According to the method of the present invention, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step is 1300 ppm or more, more preferably 1500 ppm or more, and still more preferably 2000 ppm or more. The upper limit is usually 5000 pmm or less. In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in each of the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step is 1300 ppm or more and 3000 ppm or less. In another embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration is greater than 1500 ppm and less than or equal to 2500 ppm. In still another embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration is 3500 ppm or more and 4500 ppm or less.
赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上１５００ｐｐｍ以下の場合には、上述のように、赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、青色光の光合成光量子束密度が５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きくする必要がある。赤色光の光合成光量子束密度が１５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きく、青色光の光合成光量子束密度が５０μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓよりも大きい場合、二酸化炭素濃度が比較的低くとも、植物の生育効果が高められ得る。赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度が１５００ｐｐｍを超える場合、赤色光および青色光の光合成光量子束密度が上記の値を満たさなくとも植物の生育効果が高められ得る。好ましくは、赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度は２０００ｐｐｍ以上５０００ｐｐｍ以下である。二酸化炭素濃度がかかる高濃度の場合、同一積算光量を蛍光灯で照射しながら植物を同一期間栽培した場合と比較して、より生育が良好となり、より大きな収穫重量が得られる。このように、赤色光照射工程と青色光を植物に照射する工程とを一定期間内に別個独立に行う植物栽培方法において、赤色光と青色光の光合成光量子束密度が大きい場合には植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度がいずれも１３００ｐｐｍ以上１５００ｐｐｍ以下の場合でも植物の生育効果が高められ、１５００ｐｐｍを超えた場合にも二酸化炭素濃度が１０００ｐｐｍや１３００ｐｐｍの場合に比べて植物の収穫重量が増大する点は、本発明者らの予想外の知見である。特に１５００ｐｐｍを超える高濃度に設定することで、本発明の植物栽培方法による植物の成長促進とＣＯ2富化による成長促進が相乗効果をもたらし、一定期間においてより大きな植物を育成することが可能となる。植物の生長が促進されるため、一定の収穫重量を得るための育成期間が短縮される。これにより同一区画における収穫回数を増やすことができるため、いわゆる植物工場などに適用した際の採算性向上につながる。 When the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step is both 1300 ppm and 1500 ppm, the photosynthesis photon flux density of red light is greater than 150 μmol / m 2 s as described above. Therefore, it is necessary to make the photosynthesis photon flux density of blue light larger than 50 μmol / m 2 s. Greater than photosynthetic photon flux density of the red light is 150 [mu] mol / m 2 s, when the photosynthetic photon flux density of the blue light is greater than 50 [mu] mol / m 2 s, even carbon dioxide concentration relatively low, enhanced the growth effect of plants Can be. When the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment in the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step exceeds 1500 ppm, the growth effect of the plant can be enhanced even if the photosynthetic photon flux density of red light and blue light does not satisfy the above values. Preferably, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step is 2000 ppm or more and 5000 ppm or less. When the carbon dioxide concentration is high, the growth becomes better and a larger harvest weight can be obtained compared to the case where the plant is cultivated for the same period while irradiating the same integrated light quantity with a fluorescent lamp. As described above, in the plant cultivation method in which the red light irradiation step and the step of irradiating the plant with blue light are independently performed within a certain period of time, when the photosynthesis photon flux density of red light and blue light is large, the plant cultivation environment Even if the carbon dioxide concentration of each is 1300 ppm or more and 1500 ppm or less, the growth effect of the plant is enhanced, and when the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 1500 ppm, the harvested weight of the plant increases compared to the case where the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000 ppm or 1300 ppm. This is an unexpected finding of the present inventors. In particular, by setting a high concentration exceeding 1500 ppm, the growth promotion of plants by the plant cultivation method of the present invention and the growth promotion by CO 2 enrichment have a synergistic effect, and it is possible to grow larger plants in a certain period of time. Become. Since the growth of the plant is promoted, the growing period for obtaining a constant harvest weight is shortened. This can increase the number of harvests in the same section, leading to improved profitability when applied to a so-called plant factory.
一つの実施形態では、植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度は、本発明の植物栽培中の全期間、上記の値に維持される。別の実施形態では、赤色光照射工程および青色光照射工程以外の時間に、植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度が、赤色光照射工程の二酸化炭素濃度および青色光照射工程における植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度よりも低い値、例えば１３００ｐｐｍ未満に低下される期間があってもよい。また、赤色光照射工程の二酸化炭素濃度と青色光照射工程の二酸化炭素濃度はほぼ同じであってもよいし、異なる濃度に変化させてもよい。 In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide concentration of the plant cultivation environment is maintained at the above values for the entire period of plant cultivation of the present invention. In another embodiment, at a time other than the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step, the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment is the carbon dioxide concentration in the red light irradiation step and the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation environment in the blue light irradiation step. There may be a period of time that is reduced to a lower value, eg, less than 1300 ppm. The carbon dioxide concentration in the red light irradiation step and the carbon dioxide concentration in the blue light irradiation step may be substantially the same or may be changed to different concentrations.
所望の植物栽培環境の二酸化炭素濃度を提供する方法は特に限定されず、植物栽培において二酸化炭素を供給可能な公知の二酸化炭素供給装置および供給される二酸化炭素の流量を制御することが可能な公知の二酸化炭素濃度制御装置を用いて提供し得る。 A method for providing the carbon dioxide concentration in a desired plant cultivation environment is not particularly limited, and a known carbon dioxide supply device capable of supplying carbon dioxide in plant cultivation and a known method capable of controlling the flow rate of supplied carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide concentration control apparatus can be provided.
本発明に係る植物栽培方法等が対象とする栽培植物は、特に限定されることなく、野菜類、いも類、きのこ類、果実類、豆粒、穀物類、種実類、観賞用植物類、シダ類、コケ類などとできる。また、これらの植物の栽培形態も、特に限定されることなく、水耕栽培、土耕栽培、養液栽培、固形培地耕などであってよい。 The cultivated plants targeted by the plant cultivation method and the like according to the present invention are not particularly limited, and are vegetables, potatoes, mushrooms, fruits, beans, grains, seeds, ornamental plants, ferns Can be moss. Moreover, the cultivation form of these plants is not particularly limited, and may be hydroponics, soil cultivation, hydroponics, solid medium cultivation, or the like.
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
＜試験例＞
本発明に係る植物栽培方法に関して、蛍光灯および波長の異なるＬＥＤの交互照射における生育環境の二酸化炭素濃度の異なる試験群１〜７（表１）を比較することによって、各照明条件における二酸化炭素濃度の生長促進効果との相関を検証した。
<Test example>
Regarding the plant cultivation method according to the present invention, by comparing the test groups 1 to 7 (Table 1) having different carbon dioxide concentrations in the growth environment in the alternating irradiation of fluorescent lamps and LEDs having different wavelengths, the carbon dioxide concentration in each illumination condition Correlation with the growth promotion effect of
Ａ．材料と方法
（材料）
本試験例では、生育状態の観察対象としてリーフレタス（品種：サマーサージ）を用いた。生育は播種〜育苗、仮植、定植〜収穫の３つの過程に分けておこなった。
A. Materials and methods (materials)
In this test example, leaf lettuce (variety: Summer Surge) was used as an observation target of the growth state. Growth was carried out in three processes: sowing to raising seedlings, temporary planting, and fixed planting to harvesting.
播種〜育苗の過程では、まず養液の入った容器に市販品のくぼみのついたウレタンキューブを設置し、種子を１５粒、ウレタンキューブのくぼみに播種し、温度、湿度、照明および二酸化炭素濃度を所定の条件に設定した人工気象器内に置いて１４日間生育させた。 In the process of sowing to raising seedlings, first place a urethane cube with a commercially available depression in a container containing nutrient solution, seed 15 seeds in the depression of the urethane cube, temperature, humidity, lighting and carbon dioxide concentration Was placed in an artificial meteorograph set to predetermined conditions and grown for 14 days.
仮植の過程では、養液をためたプラスチックコンテナに穴のあいた発泡スチロールを浮かべて湛液式の水耕栽培を行った。播種した１５株全体のなかで著しく生育の遅い、もしくは早いものを除いて無作為に選んだ１０株を、根が市販の養液に浸かるように発泡スチロールの穴に設置し、１２日間生育させた。 In the process of temporary planting, styrofoam with floating holes was floated in a plastic container that stored nutrient solution, and hydroponic cultivation was carried out. 10 strains selected at random except for those that were remarkably slow or fast among the 15 sowed strains were placed in a Styrofoam hole so that the roots were immersed in a commercial nutrient solution and grown for 12 days. .
定植〜収穫の過程では、仮植した１０株全体のなかで著しく生育の遅い、もしくは早いものを除いて無作為に選んだ５株を残し栽培を継続した。人工気象器（エスペックミック株式会社製）の環境は、光条件、二酸化炭素濃度以外、各条件すべて同一として、気温２０±２℃、湿度６０±１０％とした。 In the process of planting and harvesting, cultivation was continued except for 5 strains that were randomly selected, except for the 10 plants that were temporarily planted, which were remarkably slow or fast. The environment of the artificial weather device (manufactured by ESPECMIC Co., Ltd.) was set to the same temperature, 20 ± 2 ° C., and humidity 60 ± 10% except for the light conditions and the carbon dioxide concentration.
二酸化炭素濃度は、各試験群で人工気象器内の二酸化炭素濃度が以下の表３の値となるようにエスペックミック（株）のセル苗試験育成チャンバー（ＴＧＣ-１―２Ｓ）の炭酸ガス制御機能を用いて生育の開始時（播種時）から収穫まで供給した。 The carbon dioxide concentration in the cell seedling test and growth chamber (TGC-1-2S) of Especmic Co., Ltd. is controlled so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the artificial meteorometer is the value shown in Table 3 below in each test group. The function was used to supply from the start of growth (at the time of sowing) to harvest.
（光源）
本試験例の光環境のための光源には、蛍光灯と類似形状の直管型ＬＥＤ灯具で、赤色ＬＥＤ（中心波長：６６０ｎｍ、波長域６５０〜６７０ｎｍ）１８０個からなる赤色発光素子と、青色ＬＥＤ（中心波長：４５０ｎｍ、波長域４３０〜４７０ｎｍ）６０個からなる青色発光素子とを有する光照射部と、光照射部を制御して、赤色発光素子と青色発光素子とを別個独立に点灯・消灯させる制御部とを備えるものおよび蛍光灯を用いた。各光源における光合成光量子束密度（ＰＰＦＤ、μｍｏｌ／ｍ2ｓ）の、栽培個所の中心付近の３点における平均値が表２に示す値になるよう設定した。
(light source)
The light source for the light environment of this test example is a straight tube type LED lamp having a shape similar to that of a fluorescent lamp, 180 red LEDs (center wavelength: 660 nm, wavelength range: 650 to 670 nm), blue light A light emitting part having 60 LEDs (center wavelength: 450 nm, wavelength range 430 to 470 nm) and a light emitting part are controlled, and the light emitting part is controlled so that the red light emitting element and the blue light emitting element are separately lit. A lamp equipped with a control unit to be turned off and a fluorescent lamp were used. The average value of the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD, μmol / m 2 s) in each light source at three points near the center of the cultivation site was set to the value shown in Table 2.
試験群１〜２は４時間を１サイクルとし、３時間の蛍光灯照射時間と１時間の休止時間とを繰り返した。試験群３〜７では、レタスに赤色光（６６０ｎｍ）と青色光（４５０ｎｍ）を１２時間ずつ交互に照射した。試験群３〜７においては、何も光を照射しない時間は設けていない。蛍光灯（試験群１〜２）とＬＥＤ（試験群３〜７）の場合において、１日当たりの合計の積算光量は同じとなるように調整した。 In test groups 1 and 2, 4 hours was taken as one cycle, and a fluorescent lamp irradiation time of 3 hours and a rest time of 1 hour were repeated. In test groups 3 to 7, red light (660 nm) and blue light (450 nm) were alternately irradiated to the lettuce for 12 hours. In the test groups 3 to 7, no time for irradiating any light is provided. In the case of fluorescent lamps (test groups 1 and 2) and LEDs (test groups 3 to 7), the total integrated light amount per day was adjusted to be the same.
Ｂ．結果
上述の試験群１〜７を、試験を開始してから４０日後（±６時間以内）の時点で地上部を採取し、新鮮重量を測定して比較を行った（表３、４）。
B. Results For the test groups 1 to 7, the above-ground part was collected 40 days after the start of the test (within ± 6 hours), and the fresh weight was measured and compared (Tables 3 and 4).
試験群１において得られる二酸化炭素濃度１０００ｐｐｍ下でのレタスの地上部新鮮重は７９．３ｇであったのに対し、試験群２においては二酸化炭素濃度２０００ｐｐｍへの増加にもかかわらずレタスの地上部新鮮重は７０．５６ｇとなり、重量の増加はみられなかった。以上より、蛍光灯下での生育は、二酸化炭素濃度を１０００ｐｐｍから２０００ｐｐｍに上げても生育促進効果の向上はみられないことがわかった。 In the test group 1, the above-ground fresh weight of lettuce under the carbon dioxide concentration of 1000 ppm was 79.3 g, whereas in the test group 2, the above-ground portion of the lettuce despite the increase to the carbon dioxide concentration of 2000 ppm The fresh weight was 70.56 g, and no increase in weight was observed. From the above, it was found that growth under fluorescent lamps did not improve the growth promotion effect even when the carbon dioxide concentration was increased from 1000 ppm to 2000 ppm.
試験群３の二酸化炭素濃度１０００ｐｐｍ下でのレタスの地上部新鮮重は６４．７２ｇであったのに対し、二酸化炭素濃度を１３００ｐｐｍ（試験群４）、１５００ｐｐｍ（試験群５）、および２０００ｐｐｍ（試験群６）へ増加することによって７３．３２ｇ、８６．６８ｇ、および１４８．００ｇへとそれぞれ増加した。新鮮重の増加は二酸化炭素濃度に対し比例関係ではなく、二酸化炭素濃度が１３００ｐｐｍ以上の濃度においてより増加する傾向がみられた（図２）。 The fresh weight of lettuce above ground under the carbon dioxide concentration of 1000 ppm in test group 3 was 64.72 g, whereas the carbon dioxide concentration was 1300 ppm (test group 4), 1500 ppm (test group 5), and 2000 ppm (test Increasing to group 6) increased to 73.32 g, 86.68 g, and 148.00 g, respectively. The increase in fresh weight was not proportional to the carbon dioxide concentration, and there was a tendency to increase more when the carbon dioxide concentration was 1300 ppm or higher (FIG. 2).
試験群７の二酸化炭素濃度４０００ｐｐｍでは新鮮重は１２０．０２ｇとなり、二酸化炭素濃度１５００ｐｐｍ以下の場合よりも大きい値であるものの、二酸化炭素濃度２０００ｐｐｍでの重量に対し、より生育が促進する効果はみられなかった。 In the test group 7 with a carbon dioxide concentration of 4000 ppm, the fresh weight is 120.02 g, which is a larger value than when the carbon dioxide concentration is 1500 ppm or less. I couldn't.
以上より、ＬＥＤ交互照射下での生育は、二酸化炭素濃度２０００ｐｐｍまで生育を促進する効果があり、とくに１３００ｐｐｍ以上の二酸化炭素濃度では飛躍的に生育速度を高められることが示された。 From the above, it was shown that the growth under alternating LED irradiation has the effect of promoting the growth to a carbon dioxide concentration of 2000 ppm, and that the growth rate can be dramatically increased particularly at a carbon dioxide concentration of 1300 ppm or higher.
本試験例の結果から、赤色光照射工程と青色光照射工程とを交互に行なう本発明の植物栽培方法では、従来栽培に最も効率的と考えられていた１０００ｐｐｍを超える１３００ｐｐｍ以上の高い濃度にすることによって、飛躍的に生育を促進することが示された。 From the results of this test example, in the plant cultivation method of the present invention in which the red light irradiation step and the blue light irradiation step are alternately performed, the concentration is set to a high concentration of 1300 ppm or more exceeding 1000 ppm which has been considered to be most efficient for conventional cultivation. It was shown that the growth was dramatically promoted.
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| JPS61100131A (en) * | 1984-10-23 | 1986-05-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Plant growing method |
| JP2004166648A (en) * | 2002-11-22 | 2004-06-17 | Gijutsushi Kyodo Kumiai | Vegetable cultivation method and apparatus |
| US20140170733A1 (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2014-06-19 | Yamaguchi University | Algae cultivation method and algae cultivation equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109952869A (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2019-07-02 | 华中农业大学 | Potato detoxicating micro potato breeding technique |
| CN109952869B (en) * | 2019-04-28 | 2021-05-28 | 华中农业大学 | Breeding process of detoxicated miniature potato |
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| JP2015204801A (en) | 2015-11-19 |
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