JP2011052039A - Cedar pollen scattering inhibitor and method for inhibiting cedar pollen scattering - Google Patents
Cedar pollen scattering inhibitor and method for inhibiting cedar pollen scattering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、スギ花粉飛散抑制剤およびそれを用いたスギ花粉抑制方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cedar pollen scattering inhibitor and a cedar pollen suppression method using the same.
戦後人工造林されたスギ人工林からのスギ花粉の飛散の増加に伴い花粉症患者が増大しており、大きな社会問題となっている。そこで、スギ人工林におけるスギ花粉飛散抑制対策が求められている。 As the number of Japanese cedar pollen scattered from the Japanese cedar plantation planted after the war increased, the number of hay fever patients is increasing, which is a major social problem. Therefore, there is a need for measures to suppress cedar pollen scattering in cedar plantations.
これまでのスギ花粉飛散抑制対策に関する研究は、林木育種及び遺伝学研究者が中心となって、「極力雄花を付けない品種の選抜および開発」や「雄性不稔個体の探索および選抜」が行われてきた。しかしながら、これらの研究は育種学的研究という観点から、長い年月が必要であり、選抜したスギ個体は直ぐに使えないという欠点があった。 So far, research on the suppression of cedar pollen scattering has been conducted mainly by forest tree breeding and genetics researchers, "selection and development of varieties without male flowers as much as possible" and "search and selection of male sterile individuals". I have been. However, these studies require a long time from the viewpoint of breeding studies, and the selected cedar individuals cannot be used immediately.
即効性がある技術として、ジベレリン生合成阻害作用を有する化合物を有効成分とするスギ着花抑制剤が知られている（特許文献１）。しかし特許文献１は合成化学薬品を使用しなければならず、環境保全の観点から好ましいものではなかった。特に、都市近郊林や人口密集地におけるスギ花粉飛散源に対して薬剤散布を行うことは好ましくない。 As a technique having an immediate effect, a Japanese cedar flower inhibitor containing a compound having a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitory action as an active ingredient is known (Patent Document 1). However, Patent Document 1 must use a synthetic chemical, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection. In particular, it is not preferable to spray the cedar pollen in the urban suburbs or in densely populated areas.
このような従来技術を踏まえて、本発明者らは、即効性がありかつ化学薬剤を使用しないスギ花粉飛散抑止技術の対策として、本発明者らが発見したスギ雄花に寄生する糸状菌であるスギ黒点病菌（Leptosphaerulina japonica）の菌糸体懸濁液を用いてスギ雄花を人為的に枯死させることに成功した（日本森林学会、2008年3月発表）。 Based on such conventional technology, the present inventors are a filamentous fungus parasitic on the cedar male flower discovered by the present inventors as a countermeasure of the cedar pollen scattering suppression technology that has an immediate effect and does not use a chemical agent. We succeeded in artificially killing Japanese cedar flowers using a mycelium suspension of cedar black spot fungus (Leptosphaerulina japonica) (Japan Forestry Society, published in March 2008).
スギ黒点病菌の菌糸体懸濁液は野外に散布しても環境に影響を与えない点で優れるが、スギ雄花の枯死率が約１０％と低いものであった。 The mycelium suspension of cedar black spot disease fungus is excellent in that it does not affect the environment even when sprayed outdoors, but the mortality rate of male cedar flowers is as low as about 10%.
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、スギ雄花の枯死率が高く、かつ環境に影響を与えることのないスギ花粉飛散抑制剤及びスギ花粉飛散抑制方法を提供することにある。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cedar pollen scattering inhibitor and a cedar pollen scattering suppression method which have a high mortality rate of cedar male flowers and do not affect the environment.
上記課題は以下の発明により解決される。
（１） スギ黒点病菌（Leptosphaerulina japonica）の菌糸体、界面活性剤及び液状油脂を含む菌糸体懸濁液からなることを特徴とするスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（２） 前記界面活性剤がソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類及びアルキルフェノールエトキシレート類からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも１種であることを特徴とする（１）記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（３） 前記スギ黒点病菌が、レプトスファエルリーナ（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−７５７）であることを特徴とする（１）又は（２）に記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（４） 前記液状油脂が液状植物性油脂であることを特徴とする（１）ないし（３）のいずれか１項に記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（５） 前記液状植物性油脂が大豆油であることを特徴とする（４）に記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（６） さらに米ぬか・ふすまを配合した（１）ないし（５）のいずれか１項に記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤。
（７） （１）ないし（６）のいずれか１項に記載のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤をスギ未熟雄花に接種することを特徴とするスギ花粉飛散抑制方法。
The above problems are solved by the following invention.
(1) A cedar pollen scattering inhibitor characterized by comprising a mycelium of a cedar black spot fungus (Leptosphaerulina japonica), a surfactant, and a mycelium suspension containing liquid oil.
(2) The cedar pollen scattering suppression according to (1), wherein the surfactant is at least one selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and alkylphenol ethoxylates. Agent.
(3) The cedar pollen scattering inhibitor according to (1) or (2), wherein the cedar black spot fungus is Leptophaerulina (NITE P-757).
(4) The cedar pollen scattering inhibitor according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the liquid oil is a liquid vegetable oil.
(5) The cedar pollen scattering inhibitor according to (4), wherein the liquid vegetable oil is soybean oil.
(6) The cedar pollen scattering inhibitor according to any one of (1) to (5), further containing rice bran and bran.
(7) A method for inhibiting cedar pollen scattering, comprising inoculating cedar immature male flowers with the cedar pollen scattering inhibitor according to any one of (1) to (6).
本発明によれば、スギ黒点病菌は自然界に普通に存在する菌類であることから、環境に影響を与えずにスギ雄花を枯死させ、スギ花粉の飛散を効率的に抑制することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, the cedar black spot fungus is a fungus that normally exists in nature, so that it is possible to kill the cedar male flower without affecting the environment and efficiently suppress the scattering of cedar pollen. .
都市近郊林、公園植栽及び街路樹などの人口密集地におけるスギ花粉飛散抑止に関して、生態系の保全や環境保全の観点からも安全で即効的な効果が期待できる。 Safe and effective effects can be expected from the viewpoints of ecosystem conservation and environmental conservation regarding the prevention of cedar pollen scattering in densely populated areas such as urban suburbs, park planting, and roadside trees.
以下、本発明の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described.
本発明のスギ黒点病菌（Leptosphaerulina japonica）とは、我が国に広く棲息する子嚢菌類で、スギの雄花に特異的に感染する糸状菌である。本菌は秋季10月〜11月にかけて、雄花に付着・侵入し、これを枯死させるため、花粉の飛散が抑制される。 The cedar black spot fungus (Leptosphaerulina japonica) of the present invention is an ascomycetous fungus widely in Japan and is a filamentous fungus that specifically infects the cedar male flower. This fungus adheres to and invades male flowers from October to November in the fall and kills them, so that pollen scattering is suppressed.
スギ黒点病菌の菌糸体を得るには、例えば栄養寒天培地上でスギ黒点病菌を培養して得た菌叢を、振とう培養や静置培養等の公知の方法で培養して菌糸塊とすればよい。 To obtain a mycelium of a cedar black spot fungus, for example, a mycelium obtained by cultivating a cedar black spot fungus on a nutrient agar medium is cultured by a known method such as shaking culture or stationary culture to form a mycelium. That's fine.
上記菌叢を培養する培地としては、２％麦芽エキス寒天培地や米ぬか・ふすま培地
を挙げることができる。中でも、米ぬか・ふすま培地は、通気性が良く、また、米ぬかの微粒子に菌糸体が堅く絡むことから生育も早く、強靱な菌糸体が得られる点で好ましい。
Examples of the medium for cultivating the above-mentioned flora include 2% malt extract agar medium and rice bran / brown medium. Among them, the rice bran / bran medium is preferable in that it has good air permeability, and the mycelium is tightly entangled with the fine particles of rice bran, so that the growth is fast and a tough mycelium is obtained.
増殖した菌糸塊は、グラインダーやホモジナイザー等により微粉砕して菌糸体懸濁液の原料とする。 The grown mycelium mass is pulverized by a grinder, a homogenizer or the like, and used as a raw material for the mycelium suspension.
菌糸体は、水溶液100ccあたり8〜10ｇ程度用いればよい。 The mycelium may be used in an amount of about 8 to 10 g per 100 cc of the aqueous solution.
本発明のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤を構成する液状油脂とは室温で液体の植物性油脂又は動物性油脂であり、例えば大豆油、オリーブ油、ごま油、コーン油、菜種油、ヒマシ油等の液状の植物性油脂、ミンク油、イワシ油などの魚油等の液状の動物性油脂を挙げることができ、菌糸体懸濁液当たり5〜30%(w/v)、好ましくは15％(w/v)用いればよい。 The liquid oil constituting the cedar pollen scattering inhibitor of the present invention is a vegetable oil or animal oil that is liquid at room temperature. For example, liquid vegetable oils such as soybean oil, olive oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, castor oil, etc. Examples include oils and fats, mink oil, liquid animal oils such as fish oil such as sardine oil, and 5 to 30% (w / v), preferably 15% (w / v) per mycelium suspension. Good.
液状油脂として、大豆油は安価で、食用であるため、安全であり特に好ましい。また、大豆油は菌糸体に栄養分を与えると同時に、菌糸体をコーティングするため、菌糸体の乾燥を防ぎ、耐久性のある接種源ができる点で好ましい。 As a liquid fat, soybean oil is safe and particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and edible. Also, soybean oil is preferable in that it provides nutrients to the mycelium and at the same time coats the mycelium, thus preventing the mycelium from drying and providing a durable inoculation source.
スギの雄花の表面はワックスで保護されているため、菌糸体懸濁液に界面活性剤を添加することによって、散布の際、スギ雄花のワックスを取り去り、菌糸体の侵入を容易にする。 Since the surface of the cedar male flower is protected with wax, by adding a surfactant to the mycelium suspension, the wax of the cedar male flower is removed at the time of spraying to facilitate the entry of the mycelium.
界面活性剤としては、例えばモノラウリン酸ソルビタン、モノパルミチン酸ソルビタン、モノオレイン酸ソルビタン等のソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、例えばモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン、モノパルミチン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン、モノオレイン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン等のポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、オクチルフェノールエトキシレート等のアルキルフェノールエトキシレート類又はこれらの混合物を挙げることができる。ただしこれらの界面活性剤に限定されるものではなく、菌糸体の侵入を容易にするものであればよい。 Examples of the surfactant include sorbitan fatty acid esters such as sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monooleate, and polyoxyethylene sorbitan such as POE sorbitan monolaurate, POE sorbitan monopalmitate, POE sorbitan monooleate, and the like. Examples include fatty acid esters, alkylphenol ethoxylates such as octylphenol ethoxylate, and mixtures thereof. However, it is not limited to these surfactants, and any surfactant can be used as long as it facilitates the entry of mycelium.
界面活性剤の添加量は特に限定されないが、例えば、菌糸体懸濁液当たり0.0001〜0.01%(w/v)用いればよい。
スギ花粉飛散抑制剤を調製するには、液状油脂と界面活性剤を配合した水溶液に微粉砕されたスギ黒点病菌の菌糸体を加えて菌糸体懸濁液とすればよい。
The addition amount of the surfactant is not particularly limited. For example, 0.0001 to 0.01% (w / v) may be used per mycelium suspension.
In order to prepare a cedar pollen scattering inhibitor, a mycelium of finely ground cedar black spot fungus may be added to an aqueous solution containing a liquid oil and a surfactant to form a mycelium suspension.
本発明のスギ花粉飛散抑制剤を用いてスギ花粉の飛散を抑制する方法は、次の通りである。すなわち、秋季10月〜11月のスギ未熟雄花に対し、例えば濃度15％(w/v)の大豆油と濃度0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）を含むスギ黒点病菌の菌糸体懸濁液を散布することによって、雄花を枯死させ、雄花の裂開を阻止することによって、花粉の飛散を抑える方法である。 The method of suppressing the cedar pollen scattering using the cedar pollen scattering inhibitor of the present invention is as follows. That is, for example, it contains 15% (w / v) soybean oil and 0.003% (w / v) monolauric acid POE sorbitan (trade name: Tween 20) for immature male flowers from October to November in autumn. It is a method of suppressing pollen scattering by spraying a mycelium suspension of cedar black spot disease fungus to kill male flowers and preventing dehiscence of male flowers.
以下に実施例及び比較例により本発明をより詳細に説明する。
実施例１
２％麦芽エキス寒天培地上に２週間培養したレプトスファエルリーナ（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−７５７）の菌叢を２％麦芽エキス液体培地に投入し、２週間、１８℃で振とう培養した。その後、増殖した菌糸塊をグラインダーに３０秒かけて粉砕し、菌糸体を作成した。0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）及び15％(w/v)の大豆油を添加した水溶液100cc中に、本菌糸体（8〜10ｇ）を投入して菌糸体懸濁液を作成した。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.
Example 1
The bacterial flora of Leptophaerulina (NITE P-757) cultured on a 2% malt extract agar medium for 2 weeks was put into a 2% malt extract liquid medium, and cultured with shaking at 18 ° C. for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the grown mycelium mass was pulverized in a grinder for 30 seconds to prepare a mycelium. Put this mycelium (8-10g) into 100cc of an aqueous solution with 0.003% (w / v) POE sorbitan monolaurate (trade name: Tween 20) and 15% (w / v) soybean oil. A mycelium suspension was made.
なお、２％麦芽エキス寒天培地は、蒸留水１００ｍｌに麦芽エキス２ｇと寒天２ｇを加えてフラスコ内でこれらを混合して良く溶かし、高圧蒸気滅菌器で１５分間殺菌後、使用した（以下同じ）。 In addition, 2% malt extract agar medium was used after adding 2 g of malt extract and 2 g of agar to 100 ml of distilled water, mixing them well in a flask and dissolving them in a high-pressure steam sterilizer for 15 minutes (the same applies hereinafter). .
また、２％麦芽エキス液体培地は、蒸留水１００ｍｌに麦芽エキス２ｇを加えてフラスコ内でこれらを混合して良く溶かし、高圧蒸気滅菌器で１５分間殺菌後、使用した（以下同じ）。 Further, 2% malt extract liquid medium was used by adding 2 g of malt extract to 100 ml of distilled water, mixing them well in a flask, dissolving them well, sterilizing them with a high-pressure steam sterilizer for 15 minutes (hereinafter the same).
実施例２
２％麦芽エキス寒天培地上に２週間培養したレプトスファエルリーナ（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−７５７）の菌叢を米ぬか・ふすま培地に投入し、２週間、１８℃で静置培養した。その後、増殖した菌糸塊を「米ぬか・ふすま」と一緒にグラインダーに３０秒かけて粉砕し、菌糸体を作成した。0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）及び15％(w/v)の大豆油を添加した水溶液100cc中に本菌糸体（8〜10ｇ）を投入して菌糸体懸濁液を作成した。
Example 2
The bacterial flora of Leptophaerulina (NITE P-757) cultured on a 2% malt extract agar medium for 2 weeks was added to the rice bran / bran medium and statically cultured at 18 ° C. for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the grown mycelium mass was pulverized in a grinder together with “rice bran and bran” for 30 seconds to prepare a mycelium. Add mycelium (8-10g) into 100cc aqueous solution with 0.003% (w / v) POE sorbitan monolaurate (trade name: Tween 20) and 15% (w / v) soybean oil. A body suspension was made.
なお、米ぬか・ふすま培地は、蒸留水１００ｍｌに米ぬか５０ｇとふすま５０ｇを加えてフラスコ内でこれらを混合して良く溶かし、高圧蒸気滅菌器で１５分間殺菌後、使用した（以下同じ）。 In addition, the rice bran and bran medium were used after adding 50 g of rice bran and 50 g of bran to 100 ml of distilled water, mixing them well in a flask and dissolving them well, sterilizing them with a high-pressure steam sterilizer for 15 minutes (hereinafter the same).
比較例１
２％麦芽エキス寒天培地上に２週間培養したレプトスファエルリーナ（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−７５７）の菌叢を米ぬか・ふすま培地に投入し、２週間、１８℃で静置培養した。その後、増殖した菌糸塊を「米ぬか・ふすま」と一緒にグラインダーに３０秒かけて粉砕し、菌糸体を作成した。0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）を添加した水溶液100cc中に本菌糸体（8〜10ｇ）を投入して菌糸体懸濁液を作成した。
Comparative Example 1
The bacterial flora of Leptophaerulina (NITE P-757) cultured on a 2% malt extract agar medium for 2 weeks was added to the rice bran / bran medium and statically cultured at 18 ° C. for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the grown mycelium mass was pulverized in a grinder together with “rice bran and bran” for 30 seconds to prepare a mycelium. The mycelium (8-10 g) was added to 100 cc of an aqueous solution to which 0.003% (w / v) monolauric acid POE sorbitan (trade name: Tween 20) was added to prepare a mycelium suspension.
比較例２
２％麦芽エキス寒天培地上に２週間培養したレプトスファエルリーナ（ＮＩＴＥ Ｐ−７５７）の菌叢を２％麦芽エキス液体培地に投入し、２週間、１８℃で振とう培養した。その後、増殖した菌糸塊をグランダーに３０秒かけて粉砕し、菌糸体を作成した。0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）を添加した水溶液100cc中に、本菌糸体（8〜10ｇ）を投入して菌糸体懸濁液を作成した。
Comparative Example 2
The bacterial flora of Leptophaerulina (NITE P-757) cultured on a 2% malt extract agar medium for 2 weeks was put into a 2% malt extract liquid medium, and cultured with shaking at 18 ° C. for 2 weeks. Thereafter, the grown mycelium mass was pulverized in a grounder over 30 seconds to prepare a mycelium. The mycelium (8-10 g) was added to 100 cc of an aqueous solution to which 0.003% (w / v) monolauric acid POE sorbitan (trade name: Tween 20) was added to prepare a mycelium suspension.
比較例３
15％(w/v)大豆油を添加した水溶液100ccを作成した。
Comparative Example 3
100 cc of an aqueous solution to which 15% (w / v) soybean oil was added was prepared.
比較例４（0.003％ツイーン20懸濁液）
0.003％(w/v)のモノラウリン酸ＰＯＥソルビタン（商品名：ツイーン20）を添加した水溶液100ccを作成した。
Comparative Example 4 (0.003% Tween 20 suspension)
100 cc of an aqueous solution to which 0.003% (w / v) monolauric acid POE sorbitan (trade name: Tween 20) was added was prepared.
実施例３
市販の霧吹き器に実施例１、２、比較例１〜４で調製した処理液を入れ、１０月〜１１月のスギ未熟雄花に２〜３回吹きかけて接種した。処理後、処理液の乾燥を防ぐために、約２週間ビニール袋で処理枝を覆った。
Example 3
The treatment liquids prepared in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were put in a commercially available sprayer, and inoculated by spraying cedar immature male flowers from October to November 2-3 times. After the treatment, the treatment branch was covered with a plastic bag for about 2 weeks in order to prevent the treatment liquid from drying.
接種後、花粉が飛散する翌年２月から３月にかけて、スギ雄花着生枝を観察した。観察方法は以下に示すとおりである。 After inoculation, cedar male flowering branches were observed from February to March of the following year when pollen was scattered. The observation method is as follows.
（観察方法）
接種１ヶ月後から肉眼あるいはルーペを用いてスギ雄花の変化を観察し、黒変枯死した雄花は採取して実験室に持ち帰った。枯死した雄花はメスで裂開後、実体顕微鏡及び走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて花粉粒の存在及び封入状態を調べた。また、接種菌の病原性を確認するため、枯死したスギ雄花から接種菌の再分離を行った。花粉の飛散が開始する２月〜３月にかけて、全ての接種したスギ雄花を対象に、雄花の枯死数及び健全数をカウントして、処理液毎に枯死雄花着生枝率を計算して各種処理液の効果を判定した。
(Observation method)
One month after the inoculation, the changes in the cedar male flowers were observed using the naked eye or a loupe. The male flowers that had died from blackening were collected and brought back to the laboratory. After the dead male flower was cleaved with a female, the presence and inclusion state of pollen grains were examined using a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. In order to confirm the pathogenicity of the inoculum, the inoculum was re-isolated from the dead Japanese cedar flowers. From February to March when pollen starts to flow, count the number of dead and healthy male flowers for all inoculated cedar male flowers, calculate the dead male flower settlement branch rate for each treatment solution, and perform various treatments The effect of the liquid was judged.
（結果）
15％(w/v)大豆油を含んだ「菌糸体懸濁液＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20」の接種区では、10月接種で65％、11月接種で63％の割合でスギ雄花が枯死し、枯死雄花からは接種菌が再分離され、病原性が確認された（図１）。また、15％(w/v)大豆油を含んだ「米ぬか・ふすま培地懸濁液＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20」の接種区では、10月接種で43％、11月接種で35％の割合でスギ雄花が枯死し、枯死雄花からは接種菌が再分離され、病原性が確認された（図２）。これら接種によって枯死したスギ雄花を実体顕微鏡及び走査型電子顕微鏡で観察した結果（図３）、花粉粒子が内部に封じ込められていることが判明した。一方、大豆油を含まない「菌糸体懸濁液＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20」及び「米ぬか・ふすま培地懸濁液＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20」の接種区では、両者とも、10月及び11月接種では全くスギ雄花は枯死せず、正常であった（図４，図５）。
(result)
In the inoculation zone of “mycelium suspension + 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20” containing 15% (w / v) soybean oil, 65% in October and 63% in November As a result, the inoculum was reisolated from the dead male flower, and the pathogenicity was confirmed (FIG. 1). In addition, in the inoculation zone of 15% (w / v) soybean oil “rice bran and bran medium suspension + 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20”, 43% in November inoculation in November The cedar male flower died at a rate of 35%, and the inoculum was re-isolated from the dead male flower, and pathogenicity was confirmed (FIG. 2). As a result of observing male cedar flowers that died by inoculation with a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope (FIG. 3), it was found that pollen particles were contained inside. On the other hand, in the inoculation zone of “mycelium suspension + 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20” and “rice bran / brain suspension + 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20” without soybean oil. In both cases, the cedar male flowers did not die at all in the October and November inoculations, and were normal (FIGS. 4 and 5).
さらに、15％(w/v)大豆油及び0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20のスギ雄花に対する影響を調べるため、これらの溶液をスギ雄花に散布処理した。15％(w/v)大豆油及び0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20によるスギ雄花への処理結果を表２に示す。両者とも、枯死した雄花は発生せず、スギ雄花の生育に影響を与えないことが明らかになった（図６，７）。 Further, in order to examine the effects of 15% (w / v) soybean oil and 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20 on cedar male flowers, these solutions were sprayed on cedar male flowers. Table 2 shows the results of treating cedar male flowers with 15% (w / v) soybean oil and 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20. In both cases, it was clarified that withered male flowers did not occur and did not affect the growth of cedar male flowers (FIGS. 6 and 7).
以上の結果、15％(w/v)の大豆油を添加した菌糸体懸濁液は、高率（35〜65％）でスギ雄花を枯死させ、花粉の飛散を抑制する効果が認められた。スギ黒点病菌は、大豆油の効果によって活性が高められ、その結果、スギ雄花を高い頻度で枯死に導くことに成功したものと推察された。 As a result of the above, the mycelium suspension added with 15% (w / v) soybean oil was found to be effective in killing Japanese cedar flowers at a high rate (35-65%) and suppressing pollen scattering. . It was speculated that the activity of the cedar black spot fungus was enhanced by the effect of soybean oil, and as a result, the cedar male flower was successfully led to death.
実施例１、２の菌糸体懸濁液を接種した写真を図１、図２に示す。比較例１〜４の処理液を接種した写真を図４〜図７に示す。また、実施例１，２の懸濁液と比較例１、２の処理液のスギ雄花枯死の観察結果を表１に示す。さらに、比較例３、４の処理液のスギ雄花枯死の観察結果を表２に示す。 The photographs inoculated with the mycelium suspensions of Examples 1 and 2 are shown in FIGS. The photograph which inoculated the processing liquid of Comparative Examples 1-4 is shown in FIGS. Table 1 shows the observation results of the death of Japanese cedar flowers in the suspensions of Examples 1 and 2 and the treatment liquids of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. Furthermore, Table 2 shows the observation results of the death of Japanese cedar flowers in the treatment solutions of Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
表１及び図１、２から明らかなように、「菌糸体懸濁液＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20＋15％(w/v)大豆油」及び「米ぬか・ふすま培地＋0.003％(w/v)ツイーン20＋15％(w/v)大豆油」の接種処理によって、35〜65％の頻度で、スギ雄花の枯死が発生し、花粉の飛散抑制が認められた。また、枯死したスギ雄花からは接種した菌が再分離され、接種菌の病原性が確認された。 As is clear from Table 1 and FIGS. 1 and 2, “mycelium suspension + 0.003% (w / v) Tween 20 + 15% (w / v) soybean oil” and “rice bran and bran medium + 0.003% ( The inoculation treatment with “w / v) Tween 20 + 15% (w / v) soybean oil” caused the death of Japanese cedar flowers at a frequency of 35 to 65%, and the suppression of pollen scattering was observed. Moreover, the inoculated bacteria were re-isolated from the dead Japanese cedar flowers, and the pathogenicity of the inoculated bacteria was confirmed.
本発明により環境を保全しながらスギ花粉の飛散を抑制することが可能となり、花粉症の発生緩和に寄与することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the scattering of cedar pollen while preserving the environment, which can contribute to the mitigation of the occurrence of hay fever.
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| JPH0624915A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-02-01 | Norin Suisansyo Shinrin Sogo Kenkyusho | Flower-setting suppressing agent for cedar and cypress and suppressing method |
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| JPH0624915A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1994-02-01 | Norin Suisansyo Shinrin Sogo Kenkyusho | Flower-setting suppressing agent for cedar and cypress and suppressing method |
| JP2006513975A (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2006-04-27 | シンジェンタ パーティシペーションズ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Method for inhibiting male flower differentiation and formation in cones by treatment with prohexadione compounds |
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