JP2010506968A - バルク第viii族/vib族金属触媒に対する水素処理方法 - Google Patents
バルク第viii族/vib族金属触媒に対する水素処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010506968A JP2010506968A JP2009532442A JP2009532442A JP2010506968A JP 2010506968 A JP2010506968 A JP 2010506968A JP 2009532442 A JP2009532442 A JP 2009532442A JP 2009532442 A JP2009532442 A JP 2009532442A JP 2010506968 A JP2010506968 A JP 2010506968A
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- catalyst
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- hydrotreating
- hydrogenation
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 361
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 39
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H azane;dihydroxy(dioxo)molybdenum;trioxomolybdenum;tetrahydrate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O=[Mo](=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O.O[Mo](O)(=O)=O FIXLYHHVMHXSCP-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
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Images
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
バルクCoMo触媒を、本発明の実施形態の制御された加熱プロセスによって調製した。1MのMo水溶液を、適切量のヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム4水和物(AHM)を蒸留水に溶解することによって調製した。1MのCo水溶液をまた、適切量の酢酸コバルト4水和物を蒸留水に溶解することによって調製した。4.5Mのグリオキシル酸溶液を、50%グリオキシル酸水溶液を、蒸留水で1:1稀釈することによって調製した。
ヘプタモリブデン酸アンモニウム4水和物および酢酸コバルト4水和物の1M溶液を、更なる触媒前駆体を形成するのに用いた。AHM5.7wt%、酢酸コバルト4.0wt%、およびグリオキシル酸17.3wt%を含む溶液を、適切量の1MのMoおよびCo溶液と、グリオキシル酸25wt%を含む溶液とを混合することによって形成した。(R/(Co+Mo))モル比は、4.8であった。加熱後、固体に対する溶液の収率は、約8.6%であった。
この実施例は、バルク三元金属NiCoMoの合成に関する。バルク三元金属NiCoMo触媒を、本発明の制御された加熱プロセスによって調製した。200mgのNiO、200mgのCo(OH)2、および1gのH2MoO4を、それぞれ、別容器の水に溶解/懸濁した。50wt%グリオキシル酸溶液を、各容器へ添加し、それにより各容器中の酸濃度は、15wt%であった。Ni、Co、およびMo溶液を組合せ、6mlの30wt%H2O2を組合せ溶液へ添加した。試料を、250℃で4時間加熱して、バルク三元金属NiCoMo触媒前駆体が得られた。
担持触媒を、次の特性を有する商業的に入手可能なアルミナ担体を用いて調製した。
(1)SC−1735:Davicat AL−2700。粒子直径1.2〜2.4mmを有する大細孔アルミナビーズ。BET表面積:150m2/g、Hg細孔容積:1.16cc/g、Hgによるメジアン細孔直径:299Å、密度:0.45g/cc、水細孔容積:1.14cc/g、(水細孔容積/担体cc):0.51cc/cc。
(2)SC−1736:Davicat AL−2750。粒子直径2.4〜4.8mmを有する大細孔アルミナビーズ。BET表面積:244m2/g、Hg細孔容積:1.23cc/g、Hgによるメジアン細孔直径:162Å、密度:0.43g/cc、水細孔容積:1.22cc/g、(水細孔容積/担体cc):0.52cc/cc。
X線回折(XRD)分析を、本発明の実施形態に従って合成されたCoMoベースの触媒について行った。得られたXRDスペクトルを、図1に示す。図1に示されるように、CoMoベースの触媒前駆体は、非晶質XRDスペクトルを有する。CoMo触媒前駆体中の有機化合物ベースの成分は、結晶化過程を阻害し、検知可能な結晶質相を有さないCoMo触媒前駆体がもたらされると考えられる。本発明の別の実施形態においては、結晶質相は、触媒前駆体中に、しかし触媒前駆体のほんの一部として検知されてもよく、いくらかの結晶質特性およびいくらかの非晶質特性を有するXRDスペクトルがもたらされる。これは、有機錯化剤を用いることなく調製されたが、他の点では本発明の触媒前駆体と類似に調製されたバルクCoMo物質(比較触媒1)のXRDスペクトルと対照的である。バルク比較CoMo物質のXRDスペクトルは、結晶形態を示し、これには、MoO3およびCoMoO4を表すと思われるピークが含まれる。
昇温酸化(TPO)の検討を行って、実施例1の触媒Aに対する手順に従って合成された触媒前駆体について、有機化合物ベースの成分の特質が理解された。図2−aには、触媒前駆体は、触媒前駆体が650℃への昇温に付された際に、重量約30wt%を失うことが示される。図2−bには、触媒前駆体の試料から生成された生成物の質量分析特性が、温度の関数として示される。TPOの検討中に生成される主な生成物は、CO2およびH2Oであった。図2−aおよび図2−bに基づいて、650℃では、全ての炭素が、触媒前駆体の試料から除去されていると考えられる。TPOの検討では、実施例4に記載される昇温還元の検討との組合せで、有機化合物ベースの成分は、少なくとも炭素、水素、および酸素から構成されることが示される。
図3には、実施例1の触媒前駆体Aに対する手順に従って合成された触媒前駆体について、昇温還元分析(H2−TPR)からの結果が示される。H2−TPR分析は、5%H2/He雰囲気中、温度変化速度10℃/分で行われた。H2−TPRの検討の結果を、図3−aおよび3−bに示す。図3−aには、熱重量分析によって測定された全重量減が示される。試料が700℃に達する時まで、前駆体試料の重量のほぼ40%が除去された。図3−bに示されるように、この重量損失は、前駆体試料から放出されるH2O、CO2、およびCOの形態にある。試料から放出される種は、有機化合物ベースの成分の除去、および/またはいくらかの金属酸化物のより低い酸化状態への転化を表すと考えられる。
触媒前駆体Aに類似の本発明のバルク触媒前駆体を、バルク硫化に付した。高度に活性な物質が得られた。図4には、調製された触媒前駆体のX線回折パターン、硫化後の対応する触媒、並びにAHMおよびH2Sから直接作製されたバルクMoS2の比較スペクトルが示される。図4には、硫化物質は、バルクMoS2の明確な回折ピークに比較して、実質的に非晶質であるか、および/またはXRDの分解能に関して小さな粒子のみを含むことが示される。これは、硫化触媒のTEM顕微鏡写真と一致する。これは、小さな結晶サイズを示す。これらの小さな結晶は、金属硫化物を表し、恐らくはまた金属炭硫化物を含むと考えられる。別の実施形態においては、本発明の硫化触媒の少なくとも一部は、XRDによって検知可能な結晶質特性を有することができる。これらの実施形態においては、得られたXRDスペクトルは、いくらかの結晶質特性およびいくらかの非晶質特性を有してもよい。
実施例1の手順に従って、触媒前駆体Aに類似の触媒前駆体が生成された。この触媒前駆体を、次いで、本発明の実施形態の液相硫化手順によって硫化した。図5には、得られた硫化触媒のTEM顕微鏡写真およびスタック高さ分析が示される。TEMデータには、硫化触媒のMoS2スタックについて、平均スタック高さ約1.5が示される。
図7には、本発明の実施形態に従って調製された硫化触媒について、TPOの検討からの結果が示される。硫化触媒を、触媒前駆体Aに類似の触媒前駆体の液相硫化によって調製した。CO2およびSO2のピークは、いずれも、温度範囲400〜600℃にあることに注目されたい。いかなる特定の理論にも縛られることなく、この温度範囲においては、バルクCoMoS2は、吸熱的に、SO2を放出してCo酸化物およびMo酸化物へ転化すると考えられる。SO2と同じ温度窓におけるCO2の放出は、炭硫化物相(例えば、CoMoSxCy)の形成と一致する。その際、炭素は、構造的に、硫化物相の一部である。また、H2Oは、高温で放出され、有機化合物ベースの成分の残りの部分または表面SH基のいずれかと結合されてもよいことに注目されたい。
触媒前駆体を、触媒前駆体Aに類似に調製した。但し、異なる加熱工程を、四種の異なる試料について、四種の異なる雰囲気中−空気、窒素、混成(空気および窒素の混合)、および空気流なし(静的加熱)−で行った。混成雰囲気の加熱においては、加熱炉を、窒素雰囲気中で、約室温から約325℃へ1時間で傾斜させ、窒素下に、325℃で更に2時間保持し、次いで雰囲気を、徐々に、約2時間で空気へ切替えた。最終的な処理を、空気中325℃で、2時間行った。表面積および炭素含有量を、各試料について測定した。結果を、次の表3に示す。
図8には、本発明の実施形態に従って調製されたCoMo触媒、および商業的に入手可能な触媒について、相対水素化脱硫活性が示される。商業的に入手可能な触媒は、Albemarle Catalysts Company LP(Houston、TX.)から入手可能なKetjenfine(登録商標)757(KF−757(商標))触媒である。KF−757(商標)触媒は、アルミナ担体に担持されたCoおよびMoから構成される。本発明のCoMo触媒は、触媒前駆体Aの方法に類似の方法によって調製された触媒前駆体を硫化することによって調製された。しかし、この実施例に用いられた触媒前駆体は、325℃で、空気でなく窒素の存在下に加熱された。図8のデータに対応する水素化脱硫処理は、圧力220psigで行われた。図8に示されるように、本発明のバルク金属触媒の相対活性は、KF−757(商標)触媒の活性のおよそ2倍である。
この実施例は、触媒試験のプロトコルに関する。触媒を、Co、Mo、クエン酸((クエン酸:Co)モル比1.8)、およびエチレングリコール((エチレングリコール:酸)モル比1.8)を含む溶液による担体SC1735の二重含浸によって調製した。含浸担体は、窒素下375℃の焼成後に、担体1ml当り、442mgのMoO3および115.1mgのCoOを含んだ。焼成担体を、500psi(3448kPa)および処理ガス比700Scf/B(125m3/m3)で現場硫化し、HDS活性について、触媒が1.0cc充填されたマイクロ固定床反応器で試験をした。比較では、商業的に入手可能なKetjenfine(登録商標)757(KF−757)を、並列反応器中で、同じ条件下に評価した。現場硫化工程の後に、触媒を、直留留出油原料(表1の原料#1)に、温度625゜F、全圧500psig、および水素ガス処理速度700SCF/Bで付した。通油144時間後に、触媒のHDS活性(容積)は、1.5次の動力学に基づいて、同じ条件下に運転された商業的に入手可能な触媒(KF−757)の225%であった。
減圧軽油を、本発明の一連の触媒および商業触媒を用いて水素処理して、潤滑油または燃料油の沸点範囲の原料の水素処理に対する本発明の触媒の適合性が決定された。減圧軽油原料は、硫黄含有量2.3wt%および窒素含有量2800wppmを有した。
4,6−ジエチルジベンゾチオフェン(DEDBT)は、水素化脱硫中に芳香族を保全する選択性を検討するのに用いられることができるモデル化合物である。4,6DEDBTが水素化脱硫された場合には、二つの主な生成物が形成される。
次の図面には、本発明のバルク金属触媒が用いられることができる種々のプロセススキームが、概略的に示される。複数の反応器および触媒域がこれらの図面に示されるものの、少なくとも一つの反応器または触媒域が、本発明のバルク金属触媒を含むことが理解されるであろう。バルク金属触媒が用いられる反応器、触媒床、または域、並びにバルク金属触媒と一種以上の更なる触媒との組合せまたは順序は、処理されるべき原料ストリームの性質、並びに品質向上の所望のレベルおよびタイプなどによるであろう。場合によっては、複数反応段および複数触媒が好ましいことがある。例えば、所望の生成物が、ナフサまたは留出油輸送燃料である場合には、かなりの量の硫黄および窒素が、出発ナフサまたは留出油沸点範囲の原料ストリームから除去されなければならないであろう。更に、パラフィン(特に、線状、一分枝、または二分枝パラフィン)を含む留出油は、しばしばナフテンより好ましく、これは、しばしば芳香族より好ましい。これを達成するために、多段プロセスにおける少なくとも一種の下流の触媒は、水素化触媒、水素化分解触媒、芳香族飽和触媒、異性化触媒、および開環触媒からなる群から選択されるであろう。高レベルのパラフィンを有する生成物ストリームを製造することが経済的に実行可能である場合には、下流の反応段には、好ましくは、一種以上の芳香族飽和域、異性化域、開環域、またはそれらの組合せが含まれることができる。
Claims (16)
- 原料材を水素処理する方法であって、
複数の触媒段を有する反応系を提供する工程であって、前記複数の触媒段は、第VIII族金属、第VIB族金属および有機化合物ベースの成分10wt%〜60wt%を含む前駆体組成物から形成される触媒を含む少なくとも一つの触媒段および異なる触媒を含む少なくとも一つの更なる触媒段を含む工程;
炭化水素原料材を、前駆体組成物から形成される触媒を含む前記少なくとも一つの触媒段を通して、水素化条件で送る工程;および
水素化された前記原料材の少なくとも一部を、前記少なくとも一つの更なる触媒段を通して、第二の水素処理条件で送る工程
を含むことを特徴とする原料材の水素処理方法。 - 原料材を水素処理する方法であって、
複数の触媒段を有する反応系を提供する工程であって、前記複数の触媒段は、第VIII族金属、第VIB族金属および有機化合物ベースの成分10wt%〜60wt%を含む前駆体組成物から形成される触媒を含む少なくとも一つの触媒段および少なくとも一つの水素化分解触媒段を含む工程;
炭化水素原料材を、前駆体組成物から形成される触媒を含む前記少なくとも一つの触媒段を通して、水素化条件で送る工程;および
水素化された前記原料材の少なくとも一部を、前記水素化分解段を通して、水素化分解条件で送る工程
を含むことを特徴とする原料材の水素処理方法。 - 原料材を水素処理する方法であって、
複数の触媒段を有する反応系を提供する工程であって、前記複数の触媒段は、第VIII族金属、第VIB族金属および有機化合物ベースの成分10wt%〜60wt%を含む前駆体組成物から形成されるバルク金属触媒を含む少なくとも一つの触媒段および異なる触媒を含む少なくとも一つの更なる水素化触媒段を含む工程;
炭化水素原料材を、更なる水素化触媒を含む前記少なくとも一つの更なる水素化触媒段を通して、水素化条件で送る工程;および
水素化された前記原料材の少なくとも一部を、前駆体組成物から形成されるバルク金属触媒を含む前記少なくとも一つの触媒段を通して、水素化条件で送る工程
を含むことを特徴とする原料材の水素処理方法。 - 前記第VIII族金属は、ニッケルまたはコバルトであり、前記第VIB族金属は、モリブデンまたはタングステンであることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体組成物から形成される前記触媒は、表面積10m2/g未満を有する触媒前駆体組成物から形成されるバルク金属触媒であることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体組成物から形成される前記触媒は、第VIB族金属および第VIII族金属と異なる遷移金属を更に含むことを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記水素化条件は、温度250゜〜450℃、水素圧5〜250バール、液空間速度0.1〜10時−1および水素処理ガス比90〜1780m3/m3(500〜10000SCF/B)を含むことを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素原料材は、沸点範囲290℃〜600℃を有する留出油であり、窒素少なくとも10wppmおよび硫黄含有量0.1wt%〜3wt%を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水素処理は、不飽和分の水素添加、水素脱芳香族、接触脱ロウ、水素異性化および開環からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水素処理は、不飽和分の水素添加または水素脱芳香族であり、前記水素処理条件は、温度40℃〜400℃、圧力100psig〜3,000psigおよび液空間速度(LHSV)0.3V/V/時〜2V/V/時を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記水素処理は、接触脱ロウまたは水素異性化であり、前記水素処理条件は、温度200℃〜500℃、圧力50psig〜3,000psigおよび液空間速度(LHSV)0.1V/V/時〜10V/V/時を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素原料材は、沸点範囲220℃〜600℃を有する留出油であり、窒素少なくとも10wppmおよび硫黄含有量0.1wt%〜3wt%を含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記水素化分解条件は、温度200゜〜425℃、圧力200psig〜3,000psig、液空間速度0.5〜10V/V/時を含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素原料材は、沸点範囲140℃〜360℃を有する留出油であり、窒素少なくとも10wppmおよび硫黄含有量0.1wt%〜3wt%を含むことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記更なる水素化条件は、温度250゜〜450℃、水素圧5〜250バール、液空間速度0.1〜10時−1および水素処理ガス比90〜1780m3/m3(500〜10000SCF/B)を含むことを特徴とする請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記前駆体組成物から形成される前記触媒は、担持触媒であることを特徴とする請求項1、2または3に記載の方法。
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US60/873,326 | 2006-12-07 | ||
US87570306P | 2006-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | |
US60/875,703 | 2006-12-19 | ||
PCT/US2007/021868 WO2008045550A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 | 2007-10-11 | Hydroprocessing methods for bulk group viii/vib metal catalysts |
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JP2022545876A (ja) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-11-01 | クラリアント・インターナシヨナル・リミテツド | 炭化水素の触媒水素化異性化のための改良方法 |
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AU2007338871B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2011-10-20 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | High activity supported distillate hydroprocessing catalysts |
JP2013521103A (ja) * | 2009-03-06 | 2013-06-10 | アルベマール・ユーロプ・エスピーアールエル | 塊状硫化混合金属触媒ならびに合成ガスからアルコールへの変換におけるその製造および使用のための方法 |
IN2014CN04830A (ja) * | 2011-12-23 | 2015-09-18 | Shell Int Research | |
FR3013721B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-11-13 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede d'hydrotraitement de gazole mettant en oeuvre un enchainement de catalyseurs |
FR3013720B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-11-13 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Procede d'hydrotraitement de distillat sous vide mettant en oeuvre un enchainement de catalyseurs |
KR20180111868A (ko) | 2016-02-01 | 2018-10-11 | 알베마를 유럽 에스피알엘 | 니켈 함유 혼합 금속-산화물/탄소 벌크 수소화 처리용 촉매 및 그 용도 |
SG11202000462VA (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2020-02-27 | Albemarle Europe Srl | Hydrotreating catalyst with a titanium containing carrier and sulfur containing organic additive |
EP3655154A1 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2020-05-27 | Albemarle Europe Srl | Hydrotreating catalyst with a titanium containing carrier and organic additive |
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