JP2010500302A - 皮膚および毛髪用の、リコピン異性体の安定で生物学的利用可能な組成物 - Google Patents
皮膚および毛髪用の、リコピン異性体の安定で生物学的利用可能な組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010500302A JP2010500302A JP2009523178A JP2009523178A JP2010500302A JP 2010500302 A JP2010500302 A JP 2010500302A JP 2009523178 A JP2009523178 A JP 2009523178A JP 2009523178 A JP2009523178 A JP 2009523178A JP 2010500302 A JP2010500302 A JP 2010500302A
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- lycopene
- tomato
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Abstract
Description
(実施例1)
リコピン異性体の安定性の研究
リコピン異性体の安定性を、有機溶媒中、およびトマト抽出物中の両方において評価した。
lndena s.p.a. (Milan、 Italy)からリコピン富含トマト含油樹脂を得た。合計リコピン含量は9.1%であり、その全E型および5−Z型異性体は、それぞれ93.5%および6.5%であった。酢酸エチル中のトマト含油樹脂の懸濁液(1:10w/w)を1時間または48時間加熱することにより、2種類の異性化含油樹脂を調製した。室温で冷却後、懸濁液を遠心分離し、回収された上澄み中の酢酸エチルを減圧下の蒸留により除去した。
純5−Z、9−Z、13−Zおよび全E型リコピンを、HPLC分離(実験条件は以下を参照されたい)後に対応するピークを含むフラクションを集めることにより、異性化トマト含油樹脂(1時間加熱済)から単離した。2回の連続的HPLCラン中にピークを集め、対応するフラクションを貯蔵した。
全リコピンの量を、C18プレカラム(ODS Hypersil、5μm、20×4mm; Hewlett Packard、 Geneva、 Switzerland)およびC18カラム(Nova pak、3.9μm内径×300mm長、 Millipore、 Volketswil、 Switzerland)において、逆相HPLCにより決めた。アセトニトリル/テトラヒドロフラン/メタノール/酢酸アンモニウム1%(533.5:193.6:53.7:28、wt/wt/wt/wt)からなる移動相を用いてイソクラティック条件下に室温で分離を行った。移動相流量は1.5mL/分であった。
リコピン異性体の安定性を、酢酸エチル中で4時間加熱することにより異性化されたトマト含油樹脂中とn−ヘキサン中の両方において検討した。この目的で、純リコピン異性体を、光の不存在下に室温でn−ヘキサン中33日間貯蔵し、異性化トマト含油樹脂を、光の不存在下に室温で55日間維持した。貯蔵中、合計リコピン濃度およびリコピン異性体プロフィールを、種々の時間間隔で測定した。
n−ヘキサン中でのリコピン異性体の安定性
光の不存在下に室温でn−ヘキサン中に貯蔵中の純リコピン異性体の安定性試験の結果を表1に示す。全E型異性体を含む全ての異性体が、貯蔵中に幾何異性化した。13−Z型は安定性が劣る異性体であり:33日間の貯蔵後に5−Z、9−Zおよび全E型リコピンの50%未満が転化し、13−Z型リコピンの80%超がこの期間中に他の異性体に転化した。また、13−Z型リコピンの転化経路は他のZ型異性体と異なり:n−ヘキサン中での貯蔵中に、13−Z型異性体は主に全E型異性体に転化され、5−Zおよび9−Z型異性体は主に他のZ型異性体に転化した。
酢酸エチル中で48時間加熱したトマト含油樹脂中でのリコピン異性体の安定性試験の結果を表2に示す。
両方の安定性試験が、13−Z型リコピンが、5−Z、9−Zまたは全E型異性体よりも安定性がかなり低いことを示した。結果として、13−Z型リコピンの含量が少ない異性化トマト含油樹脂は、そのリコピン異性体プロフィールの良好な安定性を示すはずである。
生物学的利用可能性が増している異性化トマト含油樹脂
目的
この実験の目的は、ヒトにおける種々のZリコピン異性体の生物学的利用可能性を検討することであった。ヒトにおける特定のZリコピン異性体の生物学的利用可能性を明らかにするために、トマト含油樹脂の異なるZリコピン異性体含量を増加させて、全リコピンの含量の約60%とした。すなわち、一つは5−Z型リコピンに富み、もう一つは13−Z型リコピンに富み、最後の一つは9−Z型リコピンと13−Z型リコピンの混合物に富む。
被験者
30人の健康な男性を研究に登録した。包含基準は、被験者はベジタリアンではなく、喫煙者ではないこと、および、代謝性疾患、例えば糖尿病;高血圧;腎臓、肝臓または膵臓疾患;または潰瘍を有さないことでああった。被験者は脂質疾患にかかっていない、すわわち、血漿コレステロールとHDLコレステロールとの比が5.0未満、および結晶トリアシルグリセロール(TAG)濃度が1.5mmol/L未満であった。研究中に引き出された大量の血液故に、被験者は血液ヘモグロビン濃度が13g/dLを超える必要があった。研究の開始の3か月前から研究の完了までにコレステロール量を変化させる薬、血液脂質を下げる治療薬、またはビタミンおよびミネラルサプリメントを用いた場合、または、大きな胃腸手術を受けた場合;マラソンのように激しい運動をした場合;および一日にワイン2杯(3dL)以上、ビール2杯(3dL)以上または強い酒1杯(ショットグラス)以上を消費した場合、被験者は研究から排除された。30人のボランティアのうち27人が、4種の食後試験を済ませた。3人のボランティアは、以下の理由により終了前に試験を放棄した:参加不能、眼の傷の医学的治療、脂肪食の消費による吐き気。被験者は24±1歳であり、体重が70±1kgであり、ボディー・マス・インデックス(BMI)が22.5±0.3kg/cm2であった。
これは、二重盲検であり、ランダム化され、4期からなり、4種類の重複する臨床的処置を試し、少なくとも3週間の洗い出し期間が設けられた。一晩断食した後、被験者はClinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Trial Center of University of Marseilleに着き、小麦セモリナ(水道水200mLを用いて調理)70gと混合されたピーナッツ油40gに混入されたリコピン25mgからなる標準食を消費した。さらに、彼らはパン40g、調理卵白60g、白糖5gを含むヨーグルト125gを食べ、水(Aquarel、 Nestle)330mLを飲んだ。この標準食は、以下の栄養組成で842kcal(3520kJ)を提供した。蛋白(11.7%)、炭水化物(39.3%)および脂質(49.0%)。この食事は、15分以内に消費された。その後の6時間に渡って他の食事は与えられなかったが、吸収後の3時間はひと瓶(330ml)の水を飲むことが許された(Aquarel、 Nestle)。
各々の全リコピン量25mgとして4種類の異なるトマト生成物を試験した。これらは、以下のものからなる。
・5−Z型リコピンに富むトマト含油樹脂
・13−Z型リコピンに富むトマト含油樹脂
・9−Zおよび13−Z型リコピンの混合物に富むトマト含油樹脂
表3は、これらの4種類のトマト生成物のリコピン含量、およびリコピン異性体プロフィールを示す。
空腹時血液を、静脈穿刺により肘静脈からカリウムEDTA/K3を含む減圧管中に引き込み、これを直ちに氷水浴に入れ、露光を避けるためにアルミニウムホイルで覆った。標準食を消費する前、すなわち、20分前および5分前に、および、吸収から2時間、3時間、4時間、5時間および6時間後に、空腹時血液サンプルを採取した。血液を含む管は光から保護し、4℃で貯蔵し、次に、2時間以内に遠心分離(10分間、4℃、2800rpm)して血漿を分離した。阻害剤(10μL/mL)を加えた(Cardin et al.、 Degradation of apolipoprotein B-100 of human plasma low density lipoproteins by tissue and plasma kallikreins、 Biol Chem 1984; 259:8522-8.)。
脂肪食の消費後、食物の親油性分子が、血液中に分泌されたカイロミクロンに取り込まれる。リポ蛋白は、密度に基づき超遠心分離法により分離される。カイロミクロン(0.95g/ml)とVLDL(1.006g/ml)とのかなり類似の密度のために、一方を他方から分離することは不可能であり、一つのフラクション中に一緒に採取し、トリグリセリド富含リポ蛋白(TRL)と呼ぶ。しかしながら、食後の状態において、この血漿TRLフラクションは、腸から分泌されたカイロミクロンを主に含むので、腸での生物学的利用可能性の優れた評価となる。
トリグリセリドを、市販キット(Kit Bio-Merieux)を用いて酵素的かつ比色分析的方法により評価した。
リコピン生物学的利用可能性は、TRL中リコピン濃度−時間曲線の下側の面積(AUC)を測定することにより評価した。この面積は、台形法を用いて0〜6時間の期間に渡って計算した(AUC(0〜6時間))。データは、平均±SEMとして示される。ベースライン濃度は、トマトマトリクスからのリコピン25mgを含む標準食を消費する前に採取した2つの血漿サンプルにおいて測定された濃度の平均である。各被験者および各リコピン処理について、吸収後の各時点において測定された濃度値からベースライン濃度を差し引くことによりAUC(0〜6時間)の計算を行った。この値が負である場合、それはゼロと見なした。
リコピン生物学的利用可能性
4種類のトマト処理が、トリグリセリド分泌の程度の変化を誘発したので、トリグリセリド吸収を用いてリコピン生物学的利用可能性を正規化した(AUC(0〜6時間))。
これらの結果は、リコピン分子の構造が、胃腸管中でのリコピンの交通に著しく影響を与え、その結果、吸収されたリコピンの量に影響を与えることを示している。5−Z型リコピンに富むトマト抽出物からのリコピン生物学的利用可能性は、トマトペーストからの約2倍である。これに対し、9−Zおよび13−Z型リコピンの混合物に富むトマト抽出物に存在するリコピンは、トマトペースト中に存在するものと同程度に生物学的利用可能性があり、一方、13−Z型リコピンに富むトマト含油樹脂は、生物学的利用可能性が少し低いリコピンを示す。トマト生成物中のZ型リコピンの存在は、リコピン生物学的利用可能性の上昇に関係していることを、複数の著者が既に指摘している。この発明は、リコピン生物学的利用可能性の向上が、リコピンの構造に特異的に関連している、すなわち、5−Z型リコピン>9−Z型リコピン>13−Z型リコピンであることを示す最初の研究である。
酢酸エチル中での抽出および異性化
リコピン100ppmを含む新鮮なトマト52kgを切断しホモジナイズする。水の一部を減圧下に蒸発除去し、トマト濃縮物18kgを得る。これを、水飽和酢酸エチル36Lで抽出し、抽出は、混合物を室温に維持し、光から遮断し、2時間攪拌する。抽出物を、次にトマト濃縮物から分離する。そのようなトマト濃縮物に、合計で108Lの溶媒を用いて前記手順を2回繰り返す。併せた抽出物を、分離漏斗で水27Lを用いて洗う。次に水相を廃棄し、有機相は減圧下に濃縮して、10%w/vの乾燥残渣を含む懸濁物を得る。乾燥残渣は、全リコピン含量が9.1%w/wであり、Z型異性体含量が0.46%w/wである。この混合物を、攪拌下に7日間還流(76℃)してから、減圧下に濃縮して乾燥させる。
ヘキサン中での抽出および異性化
リコピン140ppmを含む新鮮なトマト10kgを切断しホモジナイズする。水の一部を減圧下に蒸発除去してトマト濃縮物2.5kgを得、これをヘキサン12.5Lで抽出する。抽出は、混合物を室温に維持し、光から遮断し、攪拌下に2時間行う。次に抽出物をトマト濃縮物から分離する。前記手順を、合計で25Lの溶媒を用いて、そのようなトマト濃縮物に1回繰り返す。抽出物を併せ、減圧下に濃縮して、乾燥残渣10%w/vを含む溶液を得る。乾燥残渣は、全リコピン含量が9.1%w/wであり、Z型異性体含量が0.46%w/wである。この混合物を、攪拌下に6日間還流(69℃)してから、減圧下に濃縮して乾燥させる。全リコピン含量が9.1%w/wでありZ型異性体含量が5.62%w/wである最終的抽出物16.5gを得、詳しくは、E型異性体含量が3.38%w/wであり、13−Z型異性体含量が0.18%w/wである。
ブタノール中での異性化
リコピン90ppmを含む新鮮なトマト10kgを切断しホモジナイズする。水の一部を減圧下に蒸発除去してトマト濃縮物3.4kgを得、これを水飽和酢酸エチル7Lで抽出する。抽出は、混合物を室温に維持し、光から遮断し、攪拌下に2時間行う。次に抽出物をトマト濃縮物から分離する。前記手順を、合計で21Lの溶媒を用いて、そのようなトマト濃縮物に2回繰り返す。併せた抽出物を、分離漏斗において水5.3Lで洗う。次に水相を廃棄し、有機相は減圧下に濃縮して乾燥させる。全リコピン含量が7.8%w/wであり、Z型異性体含量が0.40%w/wである乾燥残渣(9.8g)を、n−ブタノール98ml中に懸濁させる。混合物を攪拌下に130℃に4時間維持してから、減圧下に濃縮して乾燥させる。全リコピン含量が6.35%w/wでありZ型異性体含量が4.50%w/wである最終的抽出物9.8gを得、詳しくは、E型異性体含量が1.85%w/wであり、13−Z型異性体含量が0.47%w/wである。
個体触媒上での異性化
材料
リコピン富含トマト含油樹脂を、lndena s.p.a.(Milan、 Italy)から得た。その全リコピン含量は9.1%であり、そのうち、全E型異性体および5−Z型異性体は、それぞれ、93.5%および6.5%であった。
酢酸エチル中のトマト含油樹脂の懸濁液(1:100w/w)を濾過し、固体触媒5%と共に室温で一定速度で攪拌しつつ2時間インキュベートした。混合物を、Eppendorf Lab遠心分離機において最大速度で遠心分離し、上澄みの一部をN2下に蒸発させ、n−ヘキサン/BHT中に再び懸濁させた。
全リコピン量およびリコピン異性体プロフィールを、実施例1に記載の分析条件下に、それぞれ、逆相HPLCおよび順相HPLCにより決めた。
個体触媒を用いて室温で2時間異性化したトマト含油樹脂中で測定されたリコピン異性体プロフィールを表4に報告する。
Claims (6)
- リコピン含有材料を溶媒中で長時間加熱することによりシスリコピン(Z型異性体)に富む安定組成物を製造する方法。
- リコピン含有材料が溶媒中の、トマト、トマトの一部、それらの誘導体またはトマト抽出物からなる請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶媒がC3−C10脂肪族炭化水素、C1−C3塩素化溶媒、C3−C6エステル、C3−C8ケトンまたはC1−C8アルコールである請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶媒がヘキサン、四塩化炭素、酢酸エチル、アセトンおよびブタノールから選択される請求項3に記載の方法。
- 加熱温度が50〜150℃の範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 加熱時間が4〜240時間の範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
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PCT/EP2007/006747 WO2008017401A1 (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2007-07-30 | Stable and bioavailable compositions of isomers of lycopene for skin and hair |
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JP2015051929A (ja) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-19 | カゴメ株式会社 | リコピンのシス異性化方法 |
JP2015187088A (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-29 | カゴメ株式会社 | シス異性体含有リコピンの製造方法 |
JP2017019756A (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-26 | カゴメ株式会社 | トマトエキストラクト及びその製造方法、並びにトマトエキストラクトを含んだ飲食品及び化粧品 |
JP2019071909A (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-16 | カゴメ株式会社 | トマトエキストラクト及びその製造方法、並びにトマトエキストラクトを含んだ飲食品及び化粧品 |
JP2020130115A (ja) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-31 | 学校法人 名城大学 | リコピン含有家禽卵、産卵家禽用飼料、及びリコピン含有家禽卵の生産方法 |
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JP2015051929A (ja) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-19 | カゴメ株式会社 | リコピンのシス異性化方法 |
JP2015187088A (ja) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-10-29 | カゴメ株式会社 | シス異性体含有リコピンの製造方法 |
JP2017019756A (ja) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-01-26 | カゴメ株式会社 | トマトエキストラクト及びその製造方法、並びにトマトエキストラクトを含んだ飲食品及び化粧品 |
JP2019071909A (ja) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-16 | カゴメ株式会社 | トマトエキストラクト及びその製造方法、並びにトマトエキストラクトを含んだ飲食品及び化粧品 |
JP2020130115A (ja) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-31 | 学校法人 名城大学 | リコピン含有家禽卵、産卵家禽用飼料、及びリコピン含有家禽卵の生産方法 |
JP7189613B2 (ja) | 2019-02-25 | 2022-12-14 | 学校法人 名城大学 | リコピン含有家禽卵 |
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RU2441398C2 (ru) | 2012-02-10 |
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IL196903A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
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CN101500436B (zh) | 2017-04-12 |
US8568806B2 (en) | 2013-10-29 |
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ES2704639T3 (es) | 2019-03-19 |
IL196903A (en) | 2015-10-29 |
DK2048972T3 (en) | 2019-01-28 |
EP1886584A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
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