JP2010239890A - Method for cultivating plant using hydroponic container having soil layer, and upper airspace structure of the container - Google Patents

Method for cultivating plant using hydroponic container having soil layer, and upper airspace structure of the container Download PDF

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JP2010239890A
JP2010239890A JP2009090878A JP2009090878A JP2010239890A JP 2010239890 A JP2010239890 A JP 2010239890A JP 2009090878 A JP2009090878 A JP 2009090878A JP 2009090878 A JP2009090878 A JP 2009090878A JP 2010239890 A JP2010239890 A JP 2010239890A
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cultivation
water
sheet
soil layer
container
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Takashi Toda
隆 戸田
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TODA BIOSYSTEM KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating plants using a hydroponic container having a soil layer which enables satisfactory water supply and/or fertilizer application to cultivated plants, includes using a hydroponic cultivation container having a soil layer and having such a structure that a cultivation bed is disposed at a longitudinally intermediate place in the container, while the soil layer is formed at the upper part, and a water-holding tank part is set at the lower part each of the container, and a suspending-type water-absorbing and root-extending sheet droops onto the water-holding tank part from the cultivation bed, so that crop yields per one stock of the cultivated farm crops are further increased. <P>SOLUTION: The method for cultivating a plant using a hydroponic container having a soil layer includes: setting up an upper part airspace structure shading the cultivated plant from light to carry out light shading treatment; and spraying low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid to the leaves of the cultivated farm crop several times during a cultivation period. Inhibition of rise in temperature of the leaves of the cultivated plant, increase in a photosynthesis amount thereof, and activation of the shoot apex (apical meristem) of each of the leaves result in increase in crop yields and quality improvement in the farm crop cultivation and the like. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、果実や野菜などの農産物類、草木類あるいは花卉類、樹木の苗などの植物を栽培する容器栽培方法、ならびにその容器と周辺構造に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a container cultivation method for cultivating agricultural products such as fruits and vegetables, plants or flowers, plants such as tree seedlings, and the container and surrounding structure.

農産物類あるいは草木類などの植物栽培方法には、大別して露地栽培方法とハウス栽培方法とがある。
一方大地との関係で云えば、大地を直接耕地とする土耕栽培方法と、大地から隔離した容器を用いて栽培する容器栽培方法とに分けられる。
前記容器栽培方法には、土壌を用いるベンチ式栽培法、鉢状容器式栽培法などと、水耕栽培法とがあり、これ等の多くはハウス栽培方式が採用されている。
なお、ハウス栽培法には大地を直接利用する土耕栽培法も広く行われている。
Plant cultivation methods such as agricultural products or vegetation can be broadly classified into an open field cultivation method and a house cultivation method.
On the other hand, in terms of the relationship with the earth, it can be divided into a soil cultivation method in which the earth is directly cultivated and a container cultivation method in which a container isolated from the earth is used for cultivation.
The container cultivation methods include a bench cultivation method using soil, a pot-shaped container cultivation method, and the like, and a hydroponics cultivation method, and many of these employ a house cultivation method.
In addition, the soil cultivation method that directly uses the ground is widely used as the house cultivation method.

土壌を用いる前記容器栽培方法である前記ベンチ栽培法は、高設栽培法とも称し農作業者が作業し易い立ち姿勢で作業ができるところから前記容器栽培方法に多く採用されている方式である。
前記ベンチ栽培法には樋状栽培法式、バッグ状栽培法式などがあるが、何れもラック(置き棚)を設け、ラック上に設置された樋状容器やハンモック状の吊り容器などに土壌を入れて栽培する方法である。
また土壌を用いる前記容器栽培方法で、公園や家庭で採用されている主として露天において長方形や円形などの鉢容器などに培養土などの土壌を挿入して植栽する容器栽培法も行われている。
The bench cultivation method, which is the container cultivation method using soil, is also referred to as a high cultivation method, and is a method that is often employed in the container cultivation method because it allows the farmer to work in a standing posture that makes it easy to work.
The bench cultivation method includes a rod-like cultivation method, a bag-like cultivation method, etc., all of which are provided with a rack (placement shelf), and soil is put in a basket-like container or a hammock-like hanging container installed on the rack. It is a method of cultivating.
In addition, in the container cultivation method using soil, a container cultivation method is also performed in which soil such as culture soil is inserted and planted in a pot container such as a rectangle or a circle mainly used in parks and homes. .

土壌を用いる前記容器栽培方法において、栽培ハウス方式を採用する場合には露地栽培より天候の影響などを受けにくく、植栽植物の生長、結実などをコントロ−ルし易い利点がある。
しかしながら、容器を用いるという制約、つまり量的に限定された土壌量に伴う潅水や施肥を頻繁に行わねばならないなどの作業上の問題があり、自動潅水法や自動施肥法などを採用すれば設備やコストの問題が生じる。
In the container cultivation method using soil, when the cultivation house method is adopted, there is an advantage that it is less susceptible to the influence of weather and the like than outdoor cultivation, and it is easy to control the growth and fruiting of planted plants.
However, there are restrictions on the use of containers, that is, work problems such as frequent irrigation and fertilization associated with the limited amount of soil, and equipment such as automatic irrigation and fertilization And cost problems arise.

一方、水耕栽培法においては、ハウス内などに設置された盤状容器に肥料水溶液を循環させ、前記肥料水溶液面に配置する板状浮体材料、例えば発泡PST(ポリスチレン)板などの隔壁に穿孔部を設ける構造が一般的である。
かかる水耕栽培法においては、前記穿孔部を貫通して栽培植物の茎葉部が前記隔壁の上部空中に、前記隔壁の下部の前記肥料水溶液中に前記栽培植物の根部が浸漬される構造である。
前記茎葉部が成長して、トマトなど果実植物の栽培にあっては前記隔壁上に果実が稔り、ホウレンソウなど食用茎葉部の栽培にあっては、前記隔壁上に食用茎葉部が生長するという仕組みの栽培方法である。
On the other hand, in the hydroponic cultivation method, a fertilizer aqueous solution is circulated in a plate-like container installed in a house or the like, and a plate-like floating material placed on the fertilizer aqueous solution surface, for example, a partition such as a foamed PST (polystyrene) plate is perforated. The structure which provides a part is common.
In this hydroponic cultivation method, the roots of the cultivated plant are immersed in the fertilizer aqueous solution in the upper part of the partition wall through which the shoots and leaves of the cultivated plant penetrate the perforated part. .
In the cultivation of fruit plants such as tomatoes, fruit grows on the partition, and in the cultivation of edible stems and leaves such as spinach, the edible foliage grows on the partition. It is a cultivation method.

特開2008−267684JP 2008-267684 A 特開2008−253165JP 2008-253165 A 特開2008−125479JP 2008-125479 A 特開2002−223642JP 2002-223642 A 特開平8−256614JP-A-8-256614 実用新案登録第3128320号Utility model registration No. 3128320

「特許文献1」は、本発明者により開示された特許文献であり、その開示概要は次の如くである。
土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器において、前記容器の上下ほぼ中間に貫通間隙部のある栽培ベッド部を設け、その上面に吸水性シ−トおよび培養土を敷設し、前記栽培ベッド部の下部に水を満たした保水槽部を設け、前記貫通間隙部から前記保水槽部の水中に垂下する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トを設けている構造をもつ、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を使用する。
前記栽培容器において、前記培養土の上に生育する植物の根部は、前記培養土中および前記保水槽部水中の双方に存在することになる。
一方、前記保水槽部の水中に垂下する前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの毛細管現象で吸い上げられた水分が前記培養土中の肥料成分を溶解し、前記培養土中の前記根部が前記培養土中の肥料成分を含む水分を吸収する。
他方、前記保水槽部の前記根部は水中から水分を直接吸収する。
前記栽培容器の使用を前提にして、これに植物を植栽し、エアコン室外機の上部、左右位置などに植物栽培中の前記栽培容器を設置し、生育する植物で前記エアコン室外機を取り囲む。
効果としては、栽培する植物の生存に伴う葉などからの水分の蒸発潜熱によって、前記エアコン室外機周辺の気温が外気より低められ、エアコンの冷房効果が向上するという開示である。
“Patent Document 1” is a patent document disclosed by the present inventor, and the outline of the disclosure is as follows.
In a hydroponics container having a soil layer, a cultivation bed part with a through gap is provided in the middle of the container, and a water-absorbing sheet and culture soil are laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed part. Hydroponic cultivation having a soil layer, having a structure in which a water retention tank portion filled with water is provided, and a drooping water wicking and root extension sheet that hangs down from the penetration gap portion into the water of the water retention tank portion Use containers.
In the cultivation container, the root portion of the plant growing on the culture soil is present in both the culture soil and the water holding tank water.
On the other hand, the water sucked up by the capillarity of the drooping water wicking and root elongation sheet that hangs down in the water of the water retention tank part dissolves the fertilizer component in the culture soil, and the root part in the culture soil Absorbs water containing fertilizer components in the culture soil.
On the other hand, the root of the water retention tank directly absorbs moisture from the water.
Assuming the use of the cultivation container, a plant is planted on the cultivation container, the cultivation container being cultivated in the plant is installed on the top, left and right positions of the air conditioner outdoor unit, and the air conditioner outdoor unit is surrounded by the growing plant.
As an effect, it is disclosed that the temperature around the air conditioner outdoor unit is lower than the outside air due to the latent heat of evaporation of water from the leaves and the like accompanying the survival of the plant to be cultivated, and the cooling effect of the air conditioner is improved.

「特許文献2」は、本発明者により開示された特許文献であり、その開示概要は次の如くである。
すなわち、「特許文献2」に開示の前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の改良に関する開示である。
前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の周壁部が三層になっていて、前記周壁部の内側から一層目は容器壁、三層目は断熱材とすると共に、二層目にはその周壁層において上部の外部に開口した複数の導水路を設け、前記保水槽内の水を導き入れるようにする、一種の水冷式の保冷構造の開示である。
かような前記栽培容器においては、植物栽培中に太陽光の照射などで前記栽培容器内の温度が上昇するのを抑制する効果があるという開示である。
Patent Document 2” is a patent document disclosed by the present inventor, and the outline of the disclosure is as follows.
That is, the disclosure relates to the improvement of the hydroponics container having the soil layer disclosed in “Patent Document 2”.
The peripheral wall portion of the hydroponic container having the soil layer has three layers, and from the inside of the peripheral wall portion, the first layer is a container wall, the third layer is a heat insulating material, and the second layer is the peripheral wall layer. 1 is a disclosure of a kind of water-cooling type cold-retaining structure that is provided with a plurality of water conduits that are open to the outside of the upper part so as to introduce water in the water-retaining tank.
In such a cultivation container, it is an indication that there is an effect which controls that temperature in the cultivation container rises by irradiation of sunlight, etc. during plant cultivation.

「特許文献3」は、植物栽培システムに関する開示で、吸水性フィルムの上に植物と養液とを隔離した状態で植物を栽培する水耕ベッドと養液槽と潅液・点滴装置からなる水耕栽培装置と、温室ハウス内の環境を調整する環境制御装置を備えた植物栽培システムの開示である。
「特許文献3」の段落番号「0020」に、「・・・温室ハウス壁面を構成する光透過性フィルムのロ−ルアップロ−ルダウン調整機構、温室ハウス天井の遮光カ−テンのロ−ルアップロ−ルダウン調整機構、換気扇の少なくとも何れかを備えるようにしてもよい。
・・・また、遮光カ−テンによる調整を行うことにより、夏は遮光、冬は保温の制御ができ、生育に好適な環境を維持することができる。」、と開示されている。
“Patent Document 3” is a disclosure relating to a plant cultivation system, and is composed of a hydroponics bed, a nutrient solution tank, and an irrigation / drip device for cultivating a plant in a state where the plant and the nutrient solution are isolated on a water-absorbing film. It is an indication of a plant cultivation system provided with the cultivation cultivation device and the environment control device which adjusts the environment in a greenhouse.
In the paragraph number “0020” of “Patent Document 3”, “... a roll-up roll-down adjustment mechanism for a light-transmitting film constituting a wall surface of a greenhouse house, a roll-up roll-down of a light shielding curtain on the ceiling of the greenhouse house You may make it provide at least any one of an adjustment mechanism and a ventilation fan.
... Further, by adjusting with a light-shielding curtain, it is possible to control light-shielding in summer and heat retention in winter, and maintain a suitable environment for growth. ".

「特許文献4」は、植物栽培容器および植物栽培容器を含む植物栽培キットに関する開示である。

「特許文献4」の段落番号「0004」に、「・・・(1)本発明は、折り畳み、展開又は分解された平面的な状態から立体的な容器形状へと変化可能に形成した植物栽培容器である。」、と開示されている。
さらに、段落番号「0005」に、「・・・(2)植物栽培容器は防水性を有する。(3)植物栽培容器は生分解性材料からなる。(4)上記のような植物栽培容器と、植物種子と、用土とを含んでなる植物栽培キットとする。(5)・・・偏平な包装容器に収容してなる植物栽培キットとする。(6)・・・植物栽培キットを教材用のものとする。(7)植物種子はキトサンと天然多糖類を含む混合液からなる固着剤によって種子シ−トに固着されているものとする。」、と開示されている。
“Patent Document 4” is a disclosure relating to a plant cultivation container including a plant cultivation container and a plant cultivation container.

In the paragraph number “0004” of “Patent Document 4”, “... (1) The present invention is a plant cultivation that can be changed from a folded, unfolded or disassembled planar state into a three-dimensional container shape. It is a container. "
Furthermore, in paragraph number “0005”, “... (2) The plant cultivation container is waterproof. (3) The plant cultivation container is made of a biodegradable material. (4) The plant cultivation container as described above A plant cultivation kit comprising plant seeds and soil (5) ... a plant cultivation kit housed in a flat packaging container (6) ... plant cultivation kit for teaching materials (7) It is disclosed that the plant seed is fixed to the seed sheet by a fixing agent comprising a mixed solution containing chitosan and a natural polysaccharide.

「特許文献5」は、農作物栽培方法および農作物栽培用遮光被覆材に関する開示であり、
複数の帯状体を縦横に交差した方形状の格子空間を有するネット状体の上面に、可撓性の太陽電池が固着されている遮光被覆材をおき、これを栽培農作物に被覆して直達光量を所定の割合に減少させ、遮光したエネルギ−の一部を電力に返換させるという開示である。
「特許文献5」の、段落番号「0036」に、「・・・遮光により強日射を減少して、周辺気温・地温を低めると同時に太陽発電により得た電力を用いて、地下水又は外来河川等の水源から水を栽培地に導いて潅水することができ、その結果、光合成効率を高めることができ、・・・」、と開示されている。
Patent Document 5” is a disclosure relating to a crop cultivation method and a light shielding covering material for crop cultivation,
A light-shielding coating material on which flexible solar cells are fixed is placed on the upper surface of a net-like body having a rectangular lattice space that intersects a plurality of strips vertically and horizontally. Is reduced to a predetermined ratio, and a part of the light-shielded energy is returned to electric power.
In paragraph number “0036” of “Patent Document 5”, “... reducing strong solar radiation by shading, lowering the ambient temperature and ground temperature, and at the same time using electric power obtained by solar power generation, groundwater or alien rivers, etc. It is disclosed that water can be led from the water source to the cultivation area and watered, and as a result, the photosynthetic efficiency can be increased.

「特許文献6」は、本発明者により開示された特許文献であり、その開示概要は次の如くである。
すなわち、「特許文献1」および「特許文献2」に開示の、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器そのものに関する開示である。
Patent Document 6” is a patent document disclosed by the present inventor, and the outline of the disclosure is as follows.
That is, it is a disclosure relating to the hydroponic container itself having the soil layer disclosed in “Patent Document 1” and “Patent Document 2”.

土壌を用いる容器栽培法は、土壌量に制限があって保水能力が十分でなく、さらに栽培植物の根部の生長の自由度から見てもイチゴ、ナスあるいはハツカダイコンなど、限られた植物栽培に適用されているにすぎない。
また、潅水頻度を多く行わなければならないので人手を要し、自動潅水装置などの設備を設置すれば、設備や用役が必要となりコスト高の問題が生じる。
The container cultivation method using soil is limited in soil volume, has insufficient water retention capacity, and is applicable to limited plant cultivation such as strawberry, eggplant or radish even from the viewpoint of the freedom of growth of the root of the cultivated plant. It has only been done.
In addition, since the irrigation frequency must be increased, manpower is required, and installation of equipment such as an automatic irrigation apparatus requires equipment and service, resulting in a high cost problem.

水耕栽培法は、例えば野菜工場などという名で、貝割れ大根、レタス、トマトなどの野菜が広く栽培されている。
水耕栽培法においては、栽培植物の根部に必要な水と肥料成分からなる水溶液を十分に供給できる利点がある。
しかしながら、前記水溶液からは栽培植物の根が必要とする酸素は十分には供給できず、根腐れ現象が生起するので、前記水溶液を曝気するなどして積極的に空気に曝して酸素を含ませ、常に循環させなくてはなない。
したがって、水供給、ポンプなどの動力を要する用役部が必要になり、大がかりな設備になってしまう問題点がある。
また土壌を用いない栽培法ゆえに、動植物由来の有機質肥料を用いることができないなどという欠点もある。
Hydroponic cultivation methods, for example, are called vegetable factories, and vegetables such as shellfish radish, lettuce, and tomato are widely cultivated.
Hydroponics has the advantage that it can sufficiently supply an aqueous solution composed of water and fertilizer components necessary for the roots of the cultivated plants.
However, the oxygen required by the roots of cultivated plants cannot be sufficiently supplied from the aqueous solution, and a root rot phenomenon occurs. Therefore, the aqueous solution is actively exposed to the air by, for example, aeration, and oxygen is included. , Always have to circulate.
Therefore, there is a problem that a service part requiring power such as a water supply and a pump is required, resulting in a large facility.
Another disadvantage is that organic fertilizers derived from animals and plants cannot be used because of the cultivation method that does not use soil.

発明者は、容器栽培法として「特許文献6」、「特許文献2」および「特許文献1」に開示する、水耕栽培法と土壌栽培法を複合させた、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器および前記栽培容器による栽培方法を提供した。
その内容の概略を図5で説明すると、容器22の上下ほぼ中間に貫通間隙部24のある栽培ベッド部23を設け、その上面に吸水性シ−ト25および培養土などの土壌層3を敷設し、前記栽培ベッド部の下部には水部28を有する保水槽部27を設け、前記貫通間隙部から前記保水槽部の水部28に垂下する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29を設けている構造の栽培容器である。
The inventor has disclosed the hydroponic culture method disclosed in “Patent Document 6”, “Patent Document 2”, and “Patent Document 1” as the container cultivation method, and has the soil layer, which is a combination of the hydroponic cultivation method and the soil cultivation method. A container and a cultivation method using the cultivation container were provided.
The outline of the contents will be described with reference to FIG. 5. A cultivation bed portion 23 having a through gap 24 is provided substantially in the middle of the upper and lower sides of the container 22, and a water absorbent sheet 25 and a soil layer 3 such as culture soil are laid on the upper surface. In addition, a water retention tank portion 27 having a water portion 28 is provided at the lower portion of the cultivation bed portion, and a drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29 depending on the water gap 28 of the water retention tank portion from the through gap portion. It is the cultivation container of the structure which has provided.

しかして図6に描く如く、前記栽培容器の土壌層の上に生育する栽培植物2においては、前記土壌層中の根部36、および前記保水槽部の前記水部の根部37として、根部が前記土壌層中と前記水部の双方に存在することになる。
これによって、前記保水槽部の前記水中に垂下する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29の毛細管現象で、吸い上げられた水分が土壌層3の肥料成分を溶解し、一方では土壌層3にある根部36が土壌層3の肥料成分を含む水分を吸収し、他方では水部28の根部37は前記水部から水分を直接吸収する。
また、土壌層3を有するので、動植物由来の有機質肥料を用いることができる。
Thus, as depicted in FIG. 6, in the cultivated plant 2 that grows on the soil layer of the cultivation container, the root part is the root part 36 in the soil layer and the root part 37 of the water part of the water holding tank part. It exists in both the soil layer and the water part.
As a result, the sucked-up water dissolves the fertilizer component of the soil layer 3 due to the capillary water phenomenon of the drooping-type water wicking and the root extension sheet 29 that hangs down in the water of the water retention tank portion, while the soil layer 3 The root portion 36 in the soil absorbs moisture containing the fertilizer component of the soil layer 3, while the root portion 37 of the water portion 28 directly absorbs moisture from the water portion.
Moreover, since it has the soil layer 3, the organic fertilizer derived from animals and plants can be used.

前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器はかかる構造であるので、前記保水槽部に水が存在する限り、前記栽培ベッド上の前記土壌層に対して、水分の補給において度々潅水する場合と同様な働きをするので、前記保水槽部の水部が枯渇しないように供給するだけで、殆ど管理上の手間がかからない。
また、前記保水槽部の前記水部に酸素が含有していなくても、前記土壌層から酸素を吸収できるので、水耕栽培法の如く酸素不足に伴う根部の根腐れ現象が生起せず、水耕栽培法の如きポンプなどの設備が要らない。
このように、人手や動力設備をかけずに、単なる水耕栽培の如く十分に水分を吸収できるので、前記栽培植物には水分に係わるストレスが生起しない。
また、前記保水槽部の前記水部は単なる水でよいが、単なる水耕栽培のように水溶性の肥料成分を添加してもよい。
Since the hydroponics container having the soil layer has such a structure, as long as water is present in the water holding tank, the soil layer on the cultivation bed is similar to the case of frequent irrigation in water supply. Since it works, it only needs to be supplied so that the water part of the water holding tank part is not depleted, and it takes almost no administrative effort.
In addition, even if oxygen does not contain in the water part of the water retention tank part, because it can absorb oxygen from the soil layer, root rot of the root part due to oxygen shortage does not occur like hydroponics, Equipment such as a pump like hydroponics is not required.
As described above, since moisture can be sufficiently absorbed as in simple hydroponics without requiring manual labor or power equipment, no stress related to moisture occurs in the cultivated plant.
Moreover, although the said water part of the said water retention tank part may be only simple water, you may add a water-soluble fertilizer component like simple hydroponics.

発明者は、かかる土壌栽培と水耕栽培の両者の特長を合わせ持つ、前記土壌層部を有する水耕栽培容器が、その潜在栽培能力を充分には果たしていないと考えるに至った。
前記栽培容器による栽培方法をさらに発展させるために、前記栽培容器の特長をフルに生かした栽培方法の提供が必要であるものと考えた。
すなわち発明者は、野菜類や果実類などの栽培農作物において、前記栽培農作物の1株当たりの収穫量の増大、品質や品位の向上、あるいは初期収穫時期の早期化などの効果を、前記栽培容器の仕組みから見て、前記効果をさらに高める余地が十分あるものと考えたものである。
The inventor came to consider that the hydroponics container having the soil layer portion having the characteristics of both soil cultivation and hydroponics does not sufficiently fulfill its potential cultivation ability.
In order to further develop the cultivation method using the cultivation container, it was considered necessary to provide a cultivation method that fully utilizes the features of the cultivation container.
That is, the inventor has the effect of increasing the yield per plant of the cultivated crop, improving the quality and quality, or accelerating the initial harvest time in the cultivated crop such as vegetables and fruits. In view of this mechanism, it is considered that there is sufficient room for further enhancement of the effect.

前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器による植物栽培は、栽培植物の根部が前記保水槽部からの無理のない適切な水分供給が可能なこと、土壌層からも水分の供給が可能なこと、必要によって保水槽部からの水溶性肥料の供給が可能なこと、さらに土壌層に動植物由来の有機質肥料を含む肥料成分の供給が可能なことなどにその特長を有する。
また、前記土壌層に存在する根部よりも前記保水槽部の水中に存在する根部の方が根の量が多く、前記栽培植物は容易に水分の吸収が可能である。
前記土栽培容器の採用を前提とした栽培植物、特に栽培農作物の収穫量の増大化、品質の向上あるいは初期収穫期の早期化などを達成する方法を提供することは、従来からの課題であって、前記栽培容器を採用する当業者から、さらなる新規な栽培方法の提供が望まれているところである。
Plant cultivation with a hydroponics container having the soil layer is necessary for the root of the cultivated plant to be able to supply moisture appropriately from the water tank, and to be able to supply moisture from the soil layer. Therefore, it is possible to supply water-soluble fertilizer from the water tank, and to supply fertilizer components including organic fertilizers derived from animals and plants to the soil layer.
Moreover, the root part which exists in the water of the said water retention tank part has more root quantity than the root part which exists in the said soil layer, and the said cultivated plant can absorb a water | moisture content easily.
It has been a conventional problem to provide a method for increasing the yield, improving quality, or accelerating the initial harvesting period of cultivated plants, particularly cultivated crops, on the premise of adopting the soil cultivation container. Thus, it is desired to provide further new cultivation methods from those skilled in the art that employ the cultivation container.

植物の容器式栽培方法として、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器による植物栽培方法は、前記栽培容器の採用のみの面からみても合理的な栽培方法である。
本発明は上記従来の課題を考慮して、この合理的な前記栽培容器を用いることを前提として、主として農作物栽培分野において栽培農作物のさらなる収穫量の増大化、品質や品位の向上、あるいは初期収穫期の早期化などを目指して、飛躍的に生産性の高い栽培技術を提供することを目的とする。
As a container-type cultivation method for plants, a plant cultivation method using a hydroponics container having the soil layer is a reasonable cultivation method from the viewpoint of only the adoption of the cultivation container.
In consideration of the above-mentioned conventional problems, the present invention is based on the premise of using this reasonable cultivation container, mainly in the field of crop cultivation, further increasing the yield of cultivated crops, improving quality and quality, or initial harvest. The aim is to provide cultivation technology that is dramatically more productive with the aim of accelerating the season.

発明者は、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の使用を前提にした栽培方法を鋭意検討した結果、以下の発明に至った。
その概要は、栽培植物の初期の段階から遮光法を採用し、且つ低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に散布することによって、太陽光の過度な照度を低めて葉部の温度を適度に下げ、茎頂(頂端***組織)を活性化させ、老化防止、肥料吸収力の増大化、葉緑素の増加などの作用で、前記栽培植物が農作物の場合に、収穫量アップや品質の向上などの飛躍的効果を得る植物栽培方法を得るというものである。
As a result of earnestly examining the cultivation method based on the use of the hydroponics container having the soil layer, the inventors have reached the following invention.
The outline is to adopt a shading method from the early stage of the cultivated plant and to disperse the low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid on the leaf group of the cultivated plant, thereby reducing the excessive illuminance of sunlight and the leaf part. When the cultivated plant is an agricultural crop, the crops can be increased in yield, or the like by activating the shoot apex (apical meristem), aging prevention, increasing fertilizer absorption, and increasing chlorophyll. It is to obtain a plant cultivation method that obtains dramatic effects such as quality improvement.

すなわち、(ア) 図5および図6に示す如き前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法において、図1〜4に描くように、栽培植物が植栽されている栽培容器1の上部空域を遮光シ−ト6によって、前記栽培植物の最大生長高と最大生長容積を勘案した構造で、図1および2に描く如きハウス形覆い式、図3に描く如きトンネル形覆い式、図4に描く如きかぶせ形覆い式などの前記遮光シ−ト構造物で覆っている状態として、植物栽培期間中の太陽光照射を遮光率において20〜85%に減じる。
(イ) 且つ、前記植物栽培期間中に前記栽培植物の葉部群に、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を複数回散布する。
(ウ) 前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器としては、内部上下方向のほぼ中間の水平面に図5あるいは図6に描く如く、貫通間隙部24を有する硬質板状の栽培ベッド部23が設置されていて、前記栽培ベッド部の上面においては吸水性シ−ト25、その上部に土壌層3が敷設されている。
前記栽培ベッド部の下部には水部28を有する保水槽部27が設けられ、前記栽培ベッド部の前記貫通間隙部から、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29の端部を前記保水槽部の水部28に垂下浸漬して、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの毛細管現象によって水分を吸い上げる。
垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29は、前記栽培ベッド部上において吸水性シ−ト25との接合部30が設けられていて、吸水性シ−ト25へ水分を受け渡す。
かようにして、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの毛細管現象によって前記栽培ベッド部上面に敷設の前記吸水性シ−トに水分が至り、その上部に敷設されている前記土壌層に水分が至る。
図6に描くように、前記土壌層に植栽されている栽培植物2の根部は、栽培初期には前記土壌層部に存在し、前記栽培植物の生長に伴って前記土壌層中の根部36に加えて、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29に誘導されて、前記保水槽部の前記水中における根部37として、土壌層3および水部28の双方に存在するようになる。
以上の構成である土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法の発明に至った。
That is, (a) In the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has the said soil layer as shown in FIG.5 and FIG.6, as drawn in FIGS. 1-4, of the cultivation container 1 in which the cultivation plant is planted The upper airspace is a structure that takes into consideration the maximum growth height and maximum growth volume of the cultivated plant by means of a light shielding sheet 6, with a house-type cover type as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2, a tunnel-type cover type as depicted in FIG. As a state of covering with the light-shielding sheet structure such as a cover-type covering type as depicted in 4, the sunlight irradiation during the plant cultivation period is reduced to 20 to 85% in the light-shielding rate.
(I) And the said low molecular chitosan containing composite fertilizer liquid is sprayed in multiple times to the leaf part group of the said cultivated plant during the said plant cultivation period.
(C) As the hydroponic cultivation container having the soil layer, a hard plate-shaped cultivation bed portion 23 having a through gap portion 24 is installed on a substantially horizontal horizontal plane in the vertical direction inside as shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. In addition, a water-absorbing sheet 25 is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed portion, and a soil layer 3 is laid on the water-absorbing sheet 25.
A water retention tank portion 27 having a water portion 28 is provided at a lower portion of the cultivation bed portion, and an end portion of the drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29 is retained from the through gap portion of the cultivation bed portion. It is immersed in the water part 28 of the water tank part, and the water is sucked up by the above-mentioned drooping water suction and the capillary action of the root extension sheet.
The drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29 is provided with a joint 30 with the water absorbent sheet 25 on the cultivation bed part, and delivers moisture to the water absorbent sheet 25.
Thus, the water layer reaches the water-absorbing sheet laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed part by the capillarity of the drooping-type water wicking and root extension sheet, and the soil layer laid on the upper part thereof Moisture.
As illustrated in FIG. 6, the root part of the cultivated plant 2 planted in the soil layer is present in the soil layer part at the initial stage of cultivation, and the root part 36 in the soil layer is accompanied by the growth of the cultivated plant. In addition, it is guided by the drooping water wicking and the root extension sheet 29 so as to exist in both the soil layer 3 and the water part 28 as the root part 37 in the water of the water retention tank part.
It came to the invention of the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has the soil layer which is the above structure.

(エ) また、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器およびその上部空域構造において、前記栽培植物への遮光率20〜85%を達成すべく、図1〜4に描く如く、栽培植物が植栽されている栽培容器1の上部空域を遮光シ−ト6によって、前記栽培植物の最大成長高と最大容積を勘案したサイズで、図1および2に描く如き栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部に前記遮光シ−トを付加する形式のハウス形覆い式、図3に描く如き栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部に付加する形式のトンネル形覆い式、図4に描く如きかぶせ形覆い式など、前記遮光シ−トの構造物で覆っている構造である。
(オ) 前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器は、図5あるいは図6に示すように、内部上下方向のほぼ中間の水平面に前記貫通間隙部を有する硬質板状の栽培ベッド部が設置されていて、前記栽培ベッド部の上面においては吸水性シ−ト25が敷設されていて、その上部に土壌層3が敷設されている。
前記栽培ベッド部の下部には水部28を有する保水槽部27が設けられていて、前記栽培ベッド部の前記貫通間隙部から前記保水槽部の前記水部に垂下浸漬する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29を設けてある。
垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29の上部は、給水性シ−ト25と重ね合わされている接合部30を形成して、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29から吸水性シ−ト25に水分を受け渡すことができるようになっている。
かかる構造によって前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トならびに前記吸水性シ−トの毛細管現象によって、前記保水槽部の水から常に水を吸い上げて前記土壌層に下部から水分を供給可能にする構造である。
しかして、前記土壌層に植栽されている栽培植物の根部は、栽培初期には前記土壌層に存在し、前記栽培植物の生長に伴って垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29による誘導によって、前記土壌層における根部36に加えて、前記保水槽部の前記水中における根部37として、前記土壌層と前記保水槽部の前記水部の双方に存在するようになる。
かような仕組みの土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器およびその上部空域構造の発明である。
(D) Moreover, in the hydroponic cultivation container which has the said soil layer, and its upper airspace structure, in order to achieve the light shielding rate 20-85% to the said cultivated plant, as shown in FIGS. The upper airspace of the cultivated container 1 is shielded by a light-shielding sheet 6 into a cultivation house forming sheet portion as depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a size that takes into account the maximum growth height and maximum volume of the cultivated plant. The light-shielding sheet includes a house-type cover type in which a sheet is added, a tunnel-type cover type in a form to be added to a cultivation tunnel forming sheet part as illustrated in FIG. 3, and a cover-type cover type as illustrated in FIG. It is a structure that is covered with a structure.
(E) As shown in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6, the hydroponics container having the soil layer is provided with a hard plate-like cultivation bed portion having the penetrating gap portion in a substantially horizontal horizontal plane in the internal vertical direction. A water-absorbing sheet 25 is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed portion, and the soil layer 3 is laid on the upper portion thereof.
A water retention tank portion 27 having a water portion 28 is provided at a lower portion of the cultivation bed portion, and a drooping type water wicking that is suspended from the through gap portion of the cultivation bed portion into the water portion of the water retention tank portion. And a root extension sheet 29 is provided.
The upper part of the drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29 forms a joint 30 that is overlapped with the water supply sheet 25 to absorb water from the drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29. Moisture can be delivered to the sheet 25.
With this structure, it is possible to supply water from the lower part to the soil layer by constantly sucking water from the water in the water holding tank part by the capillary phenomenon of the drooping water suction and root extension sheet and the water absorbing sheet. It is a structure to do.
Thus, the roots of the cultivated plants planted in the soil layer are present in the soil layer in the initial stage of cultivation, and are depending on the drooping water suction and root elongation sheet 29 as the cultivated plants grow. Due to the induction, in addition to the root portion 36 in the soil layer, the root portion 37 in the water of the water retention tank portion is present in both the soil layer and the water portion of the water retention tank portion.
It is invention of the hydroponic cultivation container which has the soil layer of such a mechanism, and its upper airspace structure.

また、前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記植栽植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料を包接したポ−ラス構造セラミックの顆粒あるいはペレットを、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法の発明である。   Further, during the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer solution to the leaf group of the planted plant multiple times, the porous material including the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer It is invention of the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer characterized by giving the granule or pellet of a structural ceramic to the said soil layer.

また、前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、動物植物質資材を原料とした有機質肥料を、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法の発明である。   Further, during the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying a low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution multiple times to the leaf group of the cultivated plant, the organic fertilizer using animal plant material as the raw material, It is invention of the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer characterized by giving to a layer.

また、前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記植栽植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料を添加した動物植物質資材を原料とした有機質肥料を、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法の発明である。   Further, during the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid multiple times to the leaf group of the planted plant, the animal plant material added with the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer It is invention of the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer characterized by applying the organic fertilizer which used the raw material to the said soil layer.

1. 前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いた容器栽培法において、植栽物への日光照射の照度を低め、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を併用することで、農作物においては収穫量の増大化、品質や品位の向上、あるいは収穫までの短期化などの効果を発揮する。
2. 一年生の農作物栽培への適用は勿論のこと、播種からの苗までの栽培、茶、葡萄あるいは桃などの多年性植物である樹木系農作物の苗木の栽培にも適用できる。
3. 農作物栽培以外の分野である林業における苗木栽培、あるいは花卉などの栽培においても、栽培期間の短縮化、丈夫に生育させるなど広範囲な植物栽培に適用できる。
4. わが国における東北北部、北海道など高緯度地域、特に冷夏など異常気象期にも温暖地並の収穫を確保できる可能性がある。
5. また、実質的に日の出が遅く、日の入りが早い日照時間の少ない山間部においても、通常収穫量を確保できる。
6. 土壌を用いていて、しかも基本的には静止型水耕栽培法であるが、通常の水耕栽培法におけるような水の循環装置など動力部が不要なので、鑑賞用根つきポットの草木栽培などにも適用できる。
7. 図5および図6に図示する前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器は、あくまでも前記栽培容器における基礎単位を示すものであり、水平面方向については如何様にも広くできるので、本発明は中規模あるいは大規模な農作物栽培化が可能である。
8. 前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器をラックに設置して高設栽培法とすれば、立ち姿勢で作業が可能になって、作業従事者の肉体的負担を軽減することができる。
1. In the container cultivation method using the hydroponics container having the above-mentioned soil layer, the yield is increased in crops by reducing the illuminance of sunlight irradiation to the plant and using the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution together , Improving the quality and quality, or shortening the time to harvest.
2. It can be applied not only to the cultivation of annual crops, but also to the cultivation from seeding to seedlings, and the cultivation of seedlings of tree-based crops that are perennial plants such as tea, persimmons or peaches.
3. It can also be applied to a wide range of plant cultivation, such as shortening the cultivation period and allowing it to grow steadily, even in seedling cultivation in forestry, which is a field other than crop cultivation, or cultivation of flower buds and the like.
4). There is a possibility that we can secure the same level of temperate harvest in high latitude areas such as northern Tohoku and Hokkaido in Japan, especially in abnormal weather periods such as cold summer.
5). In addition, it is possible to ensure a normal harvest amount even in a mountainous area where the sunrise is substantially late and the sunset is early.
6). Although it uses soil and is basically a static hydroponic cultivation method, it does not require a power unit such as a water circulation device as in the normal hydroponic cultivation method, so planting plants in pots with roots for viewing etc. It can also be applied to.
7). The hydroponic cultivation container having the soil layer illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6 is merely a basic unit in the cultivation container, and the horizontal plane direction can be arbitrarily widened. Large-scale crop cultivation is possible.
8). If the hydroponics container having the soil layer is installed on a rack to be a tall cultivation method, the work can be performed in a standing posture, and the physical burden on the worker can be reduced.

土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の植栽植物が遮光されている態様の斜視略図Schematic perspective view of a mode in which planted plants in hydroponics containers having soil layers are shielded from light 遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培ハウス形覆いによる遮光法の断面模式略図Schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of light-shielding method with cultivation house-shaped cover lined with light-shielding sheet 遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培トンネル形覆いによる遮光法の断面模式略図Schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of light-shielding method with cultivation tunnel-shaped cover lined with light-shielding sheet 遮光シ−トによるかぶせ形覆いによる遮光法の断面模式略図Schematic diagram of the cross section of the shading method using a cover-type cover with a shading sheet 土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の断面模式略図Cross-sectional schematic diagram of hydroponics container with soil layer 植物が植栽された土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の断面模式略図Cross-sectional schematic diagram of hydroponics container having soil layer with planted plant

発明の実施の形態を、実施例にもとづき図面を参照して説明する。
図1は、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の栽培植物が遮光されている態様の斜視略図であり、植栽植物の栽培ハウス内における遮光処置の例を描いている。
植物栽培ハウスは、鉄、アルミなどの金属、木材、あるいはPVC(ポリ塩化ビニル)などの硬質合成樹脂製ポ−ル材などによる躯体に、光透過性の栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部5を張って作られる。

前記栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部の材料は、ガラス、硬質合成樹脂シ−トあるいは軟質樹脂シ−トなどであり、その光透過性としては透明ガラスのような純透明性あるいは擦りガラスのような拡散透明性のものである。
図1において、栽培植物2が植栽されている土壌層3を有する水耕栽培容器1が、栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部5に遮光シ−ト6を内張りした形式の、遮光シ−ト内張り栽培ハウス4内に収容されている態様を描いている。
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings based on examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a mode in which a cultivated plant in a hydroponics container having a soil layer is shielded from light, and illustrates an example of a shading treatment in a cultivation house of planted plants.
The plant cultivation house has a light-transmitting cultivation house forming sheet portion 5 stretched on a box made of a metal such as iron or aluminum, wood, or a hard synthetic resin pole material such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Made.

The material of the cultivation house forming sheet is glass, hard synthetic resin sheet, soft resin sheet, etc., and its light transmittance is pure transparency such as transparent glass or rubbed glass. Diffuse transparency.
In FIG. 1, a hydroponic cultivation container 1 having a soil layer 3 on which a cultivated plant 2 is planted has a light shielding sheet lining in the form of a cultivation house forming sheet portion 5 lined with a light shielding sheet 6. The aspect accommodated in the cultivation house 4 is drawn.

図2は、遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培ハウス形覆いによる、遮光方式の断面模式略図である。
栽培植物2が栽培されている土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器1は、光透過性の栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部9の内側に遮光シ−ト6を内張りした形式の、遮光シ−トを内張りしたハウス10内に収容されている。
栽培ハウスの外側の壁面を形作る栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部9は、一般に光透過性のガラス、硬質合成樹脂シ−トあるいは軟質合成樹脂シ−トなどが使われている。

その光透過性としては、前記純透明性あるいは前記拡散透明性である。
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-shielding method using a cultivation house-shaped cover lined with a light-shielding sheet.
A hydroponics container 1 having a soil layer in which cultivated plants 2 are cultivated has a light-shielding sheet of a type in which a light-shielding sheet 6 is lined inside a light-transmitting cultivation house forming sheet portion 9. Housed in a lined house 10.
The cultivation house forming sheet portion 9 that forms the outer wall surface of the cultivation house is generally made of light transmissive glass, hard synthetic resin sheet, or soft synthetic resin sheet.

The light transparency is the pure transparency or the diffuse transparency.

図3は、遮光シ−ト6を内張りしたトンネル形覆いによる遮光方式の断面模式略図であ
る。
栽培植物2が植栽されている土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器1は、光透過性の栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部12の内側に遮光シ−ト6を内張りした形式の、遮光シ−トを内張りしたトンネル13内に収容されている。
栽培トンネルの外側の壁面を形作る栽培トンネル形成シ−ト12は、一般に光透過性の軟質合成樹脂シ−トが使われていて、その光透過性としては、前記純透明性あるいは前記拡散透明性である。
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of a light shielding method using a tunnel-type cover lined with a light shielding sheet 6.
A hydroponics container 1 having a soil layer in which cultivated plants 2 are planted is a light-shielding sheet of a type in which a light-shielding sheet 6 is lined inside a light-transmitting cultivation tunnel forming sheet portion 12. Is housed in a tunnel 13 lined with a wall.
The cultivation tunnel forming sheet 12 that forms the outer wall surface of the cultivation tunnel is generally made of a light-transmitting soft synthetic resin sheet, and the light transmission is pure transparency or diffusion transparency. It is.

図4は、遮光シ−トのみによる、かぶせ形覆い遮光方式の断面模式略図である。
遮光シ−ト6は、あたかも帽子のように遮光シ−トを前記栽培植物にかぶせ、部分的に前記栽培植物に接触した形で覆っている。
かような形式の遮光シ−トのみの方式は、露地栽培でも行われるが、降雨などの天候の影響を避けて栽培ハウス内あるいは栽培トンネル内で行われる。
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of the cover type covering light shielding method using only the light shielding sheet.
The light-shielding sheet 6 covers the cultivated plant as if it were a hat and partially covered the cultivated plant.
This type of shading sheet-only method is also performed in outdoor cultivation, but is performed in a cultivation house or cultivation tunnel avoiding the influence of weather such as rainfall.

図1〜図3に描く如き、栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部5あるいは9や、栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部12に遮光シ−トを張る形式の遮光シ−ト6は、自在に着脱可能な装着方法が望ましい。
前記遮光シ−トを装着する方法は、栽培ハウスやト栽培ンネルの躯体にフック止め法、ボタン形式止め法などが適用できるが、シ−ト類を躯体などに締結する公知の方法が適用できる。
また、図1〜図3においては、前記栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部や前記栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部の内側に遮光シ−ト6を装着する形式で描いているが、その逆の装着方法、つまり栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部や栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部の外側に遮光シ−トを装着しても勿論よい。
また図4に描くような、遮光シ−ト6によるかぶせ形覆いによる遮光処置においては、単にかぶせるだけで、前記遮光シ−トの裾部を土壌にペグなどで留める方法、あるいはこれに支柱を付加する形式など、茶の木の霜除けのような形式が適用できる。
As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the light-shielding sheet 6 of the type in which a light-shielding sheet is stretched on the cultivation house-forming sheet portion 5 or 9 and the cultivation tunnel-forming sheet portion 12 can be freely attached and detached. A mounting method is desirable.
As a method of attaching the light shielding sheet, a hooking method, a button-type fixing method, or the like can be applied to a housing of a cultivation house or a cultivation channel, but a known method for fastening a sheet to the housing can be applied. .
1 to 3, the shading sheet 6 is drawn on the inside of the cultivation house forming sheet part and the cultivation tunnel forming sheet part. That is, of course, a light-shielding sheet may be attached to the outside of the cultivation house forming sheet part or the cultivation tunnel forming sheet part.
Further, in the shading treatment by the covering type cover by the shading sheet 6 as depicted in FIG. 4, a method of fastening the skirt of the shading sheet to the soil with a peg or the like by simply covering it, or a support column on this. Applicable formats such as defrosting for tea trees can be applied.

図1〜図4に描く、本発明の土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法およびその上部空域構造における栽培容器の上部空域構造を構成する遮光シ−ト6は、栽培する植物ごと、および地域ごとに各々適合した遮光率を示す遮光シ−トを用いる。
なお、本発明で用いる遮光シ−トの遮光率とは、照射される光の照度をlx(ルックス)で示して、
{[(透過前の照度)−(透過後の照度)]/透過前の照度}×100(%)、で示される。
The plant-cultivating method using the hydroponics container having the soil layer of the present invention and the light shielding sheet 6 constituting the upper airspace structure of the cultivation container in the upper airspace structure depicted in FIGS. And a light shielding sheet showing a light shielding rate suitable for each region.
In addition, the light shielding rate of the light shielding sheet used in the present invention is the illuminance of the irradiated light expressed by lx (look),
{[(Illuminance before transmission) − (illuminance after transmission)] / illuminance before transmission} × 100 (%).

遮光シ−トの材料を例示すれば、綿糸織物である寒冷紗は遮光性が適合すれば遮光処置材料として好適材料である。
また、PET(ポリエステル)、PAN(アクリル)、PVA(ビニロン)などの合成繊維紡績糸やレ−ヨン紡績糸による織物布や編み地などが適用できる。
また、PET、PVA、レ−ヨンあるいはキュプラなどの長繊維糸による織物布や編み地などが適用できる。
また、PE(ポリエチレン)、PP(ポリプロピレン)などのフィルムをカットしたテ−プ糸、あるいはスプリット糸(割繊糸)による織物布や編み地などが適用できる。
また、PE、PP、PET、レ−ヨン、キュプラなどの不織布などが適用できる。
As an example of the material of the light shielding sheet, a cold koji that is a cotton woven fabric is a suitable material as a light shielding treatment material if the light shielding property is suitable.
Moreover, synthetic fabric spun yarns such as PET (polyester), PAN (acrylic), PVA (vinylon), and woven fabrics and knitted fabrics made of rayon spun yarns can be applied.
Further, woven fabrics and knitted fabrics made of long fiber yarns such as PET, PVA, rayon or cupra can be applied.
Further, a tape fabric obtained by cutting a film such as PE (polyethylene) or PP (polypropylene), or a woven fabric or knitted fabric using a split yarn (split yarn) can be applied.
Further, non-woven fabrics such as PE, PP, PET, rayon, and cupra can be applied.

また、PEやPVCなどによる合成樹脂フィルム状のシ−トも適用でき、前記合成樹脂シ−トは樹脂原料に不透明性の顔料を添加したり、あるいは凹凸加工などの表面形状で遮光性を調整したシ−トなども適用できる。
また、遮光シ−トとして前記合成樹脂フィルム状のシ−トに通気性などを持たせるための穿孔群を設けた、合成樹脂穿孔シ−トなども適用できる。
前記合成樹脂フィルム状のシ−トの適用の場合は、図1における栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部5、図2における栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部9あるいは図3における栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部12について、所定の遮光性を有する栽培ハウス形成樹脂シ−ト材単独での適用でもよい。
In addition, a synthetic resin film sheet made of PE, PVC, etc. can be applied. The synthetic resin sheet has an opaque pigment added to the resin raw material, or the light shielding property is adjusted by the surface shape such as uneven processing. Sheets that have been used are also applicable.
Further, a synthetic resin perforated sheet or the like provided with a perforated group for imparting air permeability to the synthetic resin film sheet as a light shielding sheet can also be applied.
In the case of application of the synthetic resin film sheet, the cultivation house forming sheet 5 in FIG. 1, the cultivation house forming sheet 9 in FIG. 2, or the cultivation tunnel forming sheet 12 in FIG. In addition, the cultivation house forming resin sheet material having a predetermined light shielding property may be applied alone.

次に、適用できる遮光シ−トの組織構造を説明する。
前記寒冷紗は元来、薄地の綿糸平織物で、経緯糸共に綿番手で40〜60番手単糸、密度88〜90本/2.54cm(インチ)程度のものを指す。
同様な番手の紡績糸使いでレ−ヨン糸や合成繊維糸を用いた寒冷紗織り組織も寒冷紗と称し、従来から農作物の日除け、防虫などに使われてきたが、栽培植物によっては遮光性が適合すれば遮光シ−トとして好ましい。
比較的太い糸使いの織目の粗い織物の粗布としては、ジュ−ト糸のドンゴロス(ガンニ−クロス)、紡毛糸による粗布などが適用できる
Next, the structure of the light shielding sheet that can be applied will be described.
The cold chill is originally a thin plain cotton woven fabric, and both warp and weft yarns are 40-60 cotton single yarns and have a density of 88-90 / 2.54 cm (inch).
Cold cocoon weave structure using rayon yarn or synthetic fiber yarn with similar count yarn is also called cold cocoon, and it has been used for sunshade and insect prevention of crops conventionally, but depending on the cultivated plant, light shielding is suitable This is preferable as a light shielding sheet.
As a coarse cloth of a relatively thick woven fabric using a thick thread, jute yarn dongoros (Ganni-cloth), a spun yarn, etc. can be applied.

ラッセル編地については、テ−プ糸あるいはスプリット糸使いの編みゲ−ジ2〜6ゲ−ジ/2・54cm程度のものが適用できるが、編目が粗いことがその特徴で、原料の段階で例えば黒色や緑色顔料を添加した着色糸使いが多く、栽培植物によっては遮光シ−トとして好ましいといえる。
不織布については、スパンボンド不織布(繊維製造過程で製布する不織布)、ニ−ドルパンチ式不織布あるいは抄紙式不織布などの不織布シ−トは、軽くて比較的強靭なので遮光シ−トとして好ましく、栽培植物の種類によって質量で50〜100g/m程度、非着色布や着色布が適用できる。
軟質合成樹脂シ−トとしては、厚さ50〜120μm程度、原料段階で顔料添加したり、凹凸加工などの表面加工で遮光性を調整したものが適用できる。
For raschel knitted fabrics, knitted garments with tape or split yarns of about 2 to 6 gauge / 2.54 cm can be applied, but the feature is that the stitches are rough. For example, there are many uses of colored yarn to which black or green pigment is added, and it can be said that it is preferable as a light shielding sheet depending on the cultivated plant.
Regarding nonwoven fabrics, nonwoven fabric sheets such as spunbond nonwoven fabrics (nonwoven fabrics produced in the fiber production process), needle punched nonwoven fabrics, and papermaking nonwoven fabrics are light and relatively strong, and are preferred as light shielding sheets. Depending on the type, a non-colored cloth or a colored cloth having a mass of about 50 to 100 g / m 2 can be applied.
As the soft synthetic resin sheet, those having a thickness of about 50 to 120 μm, pigments added at the raw material stage, and light-shielding properties adjusted by surface processing such as uneven processing can be applied.

次に、本発明の土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いることを前提とした、植物栽培方法およびその上部空域構造、に用いられる前記栽培容器について説明する。
前記栽培容器に関しては、段落番号「0015〜0017」および「0023」にてその構造と作用を説明しているが、ここでは主としてその機能について説明する。
Next, the said cultivation container used for the plant cultivation method and its upper airspace structure on the assumption that the hydroponics container which has the soil layer of this invention is used is demonstrated.
The structure and operation of the cultivation container are described in paragraph numbers “0015 to 0017” and “0023”, but the function is mainly described here.

図6は、栽培ベッド部23上面における土壌層3の左側に、栽培植物2が植栽されている状態を描いている、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の断面模式略図である。
なお、図5および図6については、前記栽培容器の構造を理解し易くするために、前記栽培容器の主要な機能部分のみを強調して簡潔に描いていて、さらに各部分の寸法比などは実際の場合とは異なるものである。
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional schematic view of a hydroponic container having a soil layer, depicting a state in which the cultivated plant 2 is planted on the left side of the soil layer 3 on the top surface of the cultivation bed 23.
In addition, about FIG.5 and FIG.6, in order to make it easy to understand the structure of the said cultivation container, it emphasized only the main functional parts of the said cultivation container, drawn briefly, and also the dimensional ratio of each part, etc. It is different from the actual case.

図6において、栽培ベッド部23の上面においては吸水性シ−ト25が敷設されていて、その上部に土壌層3が敷設されている。
栽培ベッド部23の下部には、水部28を有する保水槽部27が形成されていて、前記栽培ベッド部の貫通間隙部から前記保水槽部の水部28中に垂下浸漬する、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29を設けてあり、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの上部は栽培ベッド部23上で、吸水性シ−ト25と重ね合った状態の接合部30を形作っている。
In FIG. 6, a water absorbent sheet 25 is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed portion 23, and the soil layer 3 is laid on the upper part thereof.
A water retention tank portion 27 having a water portion 28 is formed in the lower part of the cultivation bed portion 23, and drooping water is dripped into the water portion 28 of the water retention tank portion from the through gap portion of the cultivation bed portion. A wicking and root extension sheet 29 is provided, and the upper part of the drooping-type water wicking and root extension sheet is on the cultivation bed 23 and is joined to the water-absorbing sheet 25. 30 is formed.

かかる構造によって、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29ならびに吸水性シ−ト25の毛細管現象により、前記保水槽部の水部28から常に水を吸い上げて、前記吸水シ−トおよび土壌層3に下部から水分を供給している。

なお、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トは、毛細管現象による前記水部から水を吸い上げる機能、および栽培植物の生長に伴って伸長する根部を前記保水槽部の前記水部に導く二つの役割を果たすものである。
かかる二つの役割があるゆえに、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トと称する所以である。
なお、前記保水槽部の水は、必要に応じて肥料成分などを溶解した水でもよい。
With such a structure, water is always sucked up from the water portion 28 of the water retention tank portion by the capillary phenomenon of the drooping water wicking and root extension sheet 29 and the water absorption sheet 25, and the water absorption sheet and the soil. Moisture is supplied to the layer 3 from below.

In addition, the drooping water uptake and root extension sheet has a function of sucking water from the water part by capillary action, and a root part that grows along with the growth of the cultivated plant is guided to the water part of the water holding tank part. It plays two roles.
Because of these two roles, this is why it is called a drooping water wicking and root elongation sheet.
In addition, the water of the said water retention tank part may be the water which dissolved the fertilizer component etc. as needed.

図6においては、栽培植物2の根部が保水層部27の水部28の中に至っている状態を描いている。
なお、前記土壌層に植栽されている栽培植物の根部は、栽培初期には土壌層3中のみに存在するが、前記栽培植物の生長に伴って土壌層3に存在する土壌層における根部36の存在に加えて、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの誘導により、前記保水槽部の水部28の水中にも根部37として存在するようになる。
In FIG. 6, the state where the root part of the cultivated plant 2 reaches the water part 28 of the water retention layer part 27 is depicted.
In addition, although the root part of the cultivated plant planted in the soil layer exists only in the soil layer 3 at the initial stage of cultivation, the root part 36 in the soil layer present in the soil layer 3 with the growth of the cultivated plant. In addition to the presence of water, the drooping water wicking and the induction of the root extension sheet also exist as the root portion 37 in the water of the water portion 28 of the water retention tank portion.

図6に描く栽培植物2の前記根部のうち、保水槽部27の水部28の水中根部37と、垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29とは、図6に描く如く分離しているわけではなく、実際には互いに絡み合った状態を呈しているが、理解し易くするために前記模式略図としては、互いに分離しているように描いていることをつけ加える。
また、前記栽培容器は、図5、6においては栽培植物が2株タイプで描いているが、これはあくまでも前記栽培容器の基礎単位を示すものであり、前記栽培容器の水平面方向については如何様にも広くできるので、栽培ハウスにおける中規模な農作物栽培はもとより、大規模な農作物栽培化も可能である。
Among the root parts of the cultivated plant 2 depicted in FIG. 6, the underwater root part 37 of the water part 28 of the water retention tank part 27 and the drooping water suction and root extension sheet 29 are separated as depicted in FIG. 6. In fact, they are in an intertwined state, but for the sake of easy understanding, the schematic schematic drawing is drawn so as to be separated from each other.
Moreover, although the said cultivation container has drawn the cultivation plant in 2 stock | strain type in FIG.5, 6, this shows the basic unit of the said cultivation container to the last, and how about the horizontal surface direction of the said cultivation container? Therefore, it is possible to cultivate large-scale crops as well as medium-scale crops in cultivation houses.

次に、栽培ベッド23上の前記吸水性シ−トおよび前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料について説明する。

前記吸水性シ−トおよび前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料は、吸水性を有し、且つ栽培植物の成長に伴う根の侵入や通過を許容しうるシ−ト状物であれば使用できる。
繊維集合体シ−トの場合は、水濡れ性のよいPAN繊維やビニロン繊維などの合成繊維製、吸湿性のあるレ−ヨン繊維製、キュプラ繊維製、あるいは綿などの天然繊維製などを適用することができる。
また、吸湿性や水濡れ性の低い繊維でも、その繊維集合体としての構造によって吸水性を示すシ−トも適用できる。
Next, materials for the water-absorbing sheet on the cultivation bed 23 and the drooping water-absorbing and root extending sheet will be described.

The material of the water-absorbing sheet and the hanging water-absorbing and root-extending sheet is a sheet-like material that has water-absorbing properties and that allows the invasion and passage of roots accompanying the growth of cultivated plants. Can be used.
In the case of a fiber assembly sheet, synthetic fiber such as PAN fiber or vinylon fiber with good water wettability, rayon fiber with hygroscopicity, cupra fiber, or natural fiber such as cotton are applied. can do.
Further, even a fiber having low hygroscopicity or low water wettability can be applied to a sheet exhibiting water absorption depending on the structure of the fiber aggregate.

繊維集合体組織としては、スパンボンド不織布、ニ−ドルパンチ不織布あるいは抄紙式不織布などの不織布が適用でき、また不織布の他に織物や編み布などの糸からの組織物も用いることができる。
一例として、前記吸水性シ−トおよび前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料として、両者とも不織布を適用することは、吸水機能やコスト面で一つの好適な選択肢ということができる。
また、機能において前記繊維集合体組織に準拠する吸水性をもつ、非繊維集合体の吸水性スポンジなどの高吸水性の公知の非繊維のシ−トを適用してもよい。
As the fiber aggregate structure, a nonwoven fabric such as a spunbond nonwoven fabric, a needle punched nonwoven fabric, or a papermaking nonwoven fabric can be applied. In addition to the nonwoven fabric, a structure from a yarn such as a woven fabric or a knitted fabric can also be used.
As an example, applying a non-woven fabric as a material for the water-absorbing sheet and the drooping water-absorbing and root-extending sheet can be said to be one suitable option in terms of water absorption function and cost. .
Alternatively, a known non-fiber sheet with high water absorption, such as a non-fiber aggregate water-absorbing sponge, having a function of absorbing water conforming to the fiber aggregate structure may be applied.

前記吸水性シ−トおよび吸水性のある前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料の選択に当たっては、吸水性が極めて重要である。
不織布や、糸を用いる編織物などの繊維集合体シ−トの吸水性は、繊維自身の吸湿性、単繊維の表面構造、あるいは繊維集合体としての保水性などの総合特性で吸水性の程度が決まることが知られている。
例えば綿繊維は8.5%もの水分率を示すが、紡績した原糸の織物の状態では、表面に付着する綿実油などの油脂分のため殆ど吸水性を示さない。
また、2%の水分率を示す合成繊維のPAN繊維の集合体は、表面に油脂分付着が無い場合には、脱脂綿の集合体より高い吸水性を示し、この高吸水性は単繊維の表面構造および繊維集合体としての構造による保水性に由来する。
In selecting the material for the water-absorbing sheet and the penetrating water-absorbing and root-extending sheet having water absorptivity, water absorption is extremely important.
The water absorbency of a fiber assembly sheet such as a nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric using yarn is the degree of water absorption due to the overall characteristics such as the hygroscopicity of the fiber itself, the surface structure of the single fiber, or the water retention as the fiber aggregate. Is known to be determined.
For example, the cotton fiber has a moisture content of 8.5%, but in the woven fabric of the spun raw yarn, it hardly absorbs water due to oil and fat such as cottonseed oil adhering to the surface.
In addition, an aggregate of synthetic PAN fibers having a moisture content of 2% exhibits higher water absorption than an aggregate of absorbent cotton when there is no oil or fat adhering to the surface. Derived from the structure and water retention due to the structure as a fiber assembly.

一般にレ−ヨンなどの繊維素再生繊維や合成繊維などの化学繊維は、紡績や後加工を容易にするため、表面に油脂分を付着させているので、この油脂分が疎水性であると吸水性を示さないことがある。
したがって、前記吸水性シ−トおよび前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料の選択に当たっては、界面活性剤などによる洗濯処理などで脱油脂処理を行った上、評価して選択することも肝要である。
評価方法としては、JIS L1907:2004、7.1.2(バイレック法)による評価方法で、大凡60mm以上がその目安で、さらに望ましくは100mm程度以上である。
シ−ト材料の吸水性が前記吸水性シ−トおよび前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの材料の選択は、繊維集合体材料の面積当たりの質量、厚さ、構造などの面での仕様決定の要件の大前提として、吸水性こそ重要な特性である。
また、疎水性の油脂分付着によって吸水性が低い場合には、使用に当たっても脱油脂処理を行うことが必要である。
Generally, fiber fibers such as rayon and chemical fibers such as synthetic fibers are attached with oil and fat on the surface to facilitate spinning and post-processing. May not show sex.
Therefore, in selecting the material for the water-absorbing sheet and the drooping water-absorbing and root-extending sheet, the oil-and-fat treatment is performed after washing with a surfactant or the like, and then selected after evaluation. That is also important.
As an evaluation method, it is an evaluation method according to JIS L1907: 2004, 7.1.2 (Byreck method), which is approximately 60 mm or more, and more preferably about 100 mm or more.
The material of the sheet material is selected from the above-mentioned water-absorbing sheet and the material of the drooping water-absorbing and root-extending sheet in terms of the mass per unit area, thickness, structure, etc. Water absorption is an important characteristic as a major premise for specification determination in Japan.
In addition, when the water absorption is low due to the adhesion of hydrophobic fats and oils, it is necessary to carry out a degreasing treatment even when used.

次に、栽培植物の遮光処置の作用について農作物栽培の場合を例として説明する。
通常の露地栽培において、テン茶類は遮光処置後の太陽光が大凡15〜20klx(キロルックス)程度で収穫量がほぼ最大になることが知られている。
また、ゴ−ヤは大凡80klx程度で光合成量が露天露地栽培の場合の数倍になること、および収穫量も最大になることが知られている。
これらの例から、100klxを越える程度とされる強い太陽光がかえって光合成を低めることになる。
この理由は、気温が大凡26〜30℃程度で栽培農作物の葉部の温度は28〜35℃にもなり、葉部の温度が28℃程度を超すと温度ストレスで葉の気孔が閉じはじめ、前記気孔からの水分蒸散が低下して、気化潜熱による前記葉部の温度上昇抑制作用が減じ、このために葉部の温度がさらに上昇して光合成力が低下して、農作物の減収につながるからである。
このように、農作物栽培において収穫量の増大化や品質向上などを図るのに、遮光処置は一般的に有効なのである。
Next, the effect of the shading treatment of cultivated plants will be described by taking the case of crop cultivation as an example.
In ordinary outdoor cultivation, it is known that the yield of ten teas is almost maximized when the sunlight after the shading treatment is about 15 to 20 klx (kilolux).
In addition, it is known that Goya is about 80 klx, the amount of photosynthesis is several times that of open-air cultivation, and the yield is also maximized.
From these examples, the strong sunlight, which exceeds 100 klx, will lower the photosynthesis.
The reason for this is that the temperature of the leaves is about 26-30 ° C. and the temperature of the leaves of the cultivated crop is 28-35 ° C. When the temperature of the leaves exceeds about 28 ° C., the pores of the leaves begin to close due to temperature stress, Moisture transpiration from the pores is reduced, and the leaf temperature rise suppression action due to latent heat of vaporization is reduced, which leads to a further rise in leaf temperature and a decrease in photosynthetic power, leading to a decrease in crop yields. It is.
As described above, the shading treatment is generally effective in increasing the yield and improving the quality in crop cultivation.

次に、本発明の土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いることを前提として、遮光処置による日照環境とこれに伴う気温環境を調整すると共に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料を施すことを軸とする農作物栽培方法について説明する。
なお、本発明は通常の植物栽培の全般に適用可能な発明であるが、農作物栽培で説明した方が理解しやすいものと思われるので、以降、植物栽培を代表して主として農作物栽培として表現するものとする。
Next, on the premise that the hydroponics container having the soil layer of the present invention is used, while adjusting the sunshine environment by the light-shielding treatment and the temperature environment associated therewith, the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer is applied as the axis. An agricultural crop cultivation method will be described.
Although the present invention is applicable to general plant cultivation in general, it is considered easier to understand if explained in crop cultivation, so that it will be expressed mainly as crop cultivation on behalf of plant cultivation hereinafter. Shall.

前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法においても、晩春から初秋にかけての太陽光の強い時間帯の太陽光の平均的照度が高すぎ、遮光処置が必要となるのではないかと考えられた。
前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いた各種農作物栽培についての検討の結果、栽培農作物への水分供給が十分で、水分に係わるストレスのない前記栽培容器を用いる農作物栽培方法においても、栽培農作物の葉部の温度が28℃程度以上になると、葉部の光合成機能がダウンして減収につながることが分かった。
Even in the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container having the soil layer, the average illuminance of sunlight in the strong sunlight period from late spring to early autumn is too high, and it may be necessary to perform light shielding treatment. It was.
As a result of examination on the cultivation of various crops using the hydroponics container having the soil layer, the cultivation of crops using the cultivation container with sufficient water supply to the cultivation crops and no stress related to moisture is also available. It was found that when the temperature of the leaf part was about 28 ° C. or higher, the photosynthesis function of the leaf part was reduced, leading to a decrease in sales.

一つの例示として、前記栽培容器を用いる農作物栽培において、太陽光の照度が100klx程度でその周辺気温が26〜30℃のとき、栽培物の葉部の温度は28〜35℃にもなるが、遮光率50%程度の寒冷紗などで栽培農作物を覆って照度を50klx程度とした場合、前記栽培農作物の前記葉部の温度は24〜28℃程度に抑えられる。
かかる遮光処置に加えて、本発明の土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法においては、かかる遮光処置によって得られる日照環境とこれに伴う気温環境のもとで、栽培期間中に1回から複数回低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培農作物の葉部に散布する。
As one example, in crop cultivation using the cultivation container, when the illuminance of sunlight is about 100 klx and the ambient temperature is 26-30 ° C., the temperature of the leaf part of the cultivation is 28-35 ° C., When the cultivated crop is covered with a cold cocoon or the like having a light shielding rate of about 50% and the illuminance is set to about 50 klx, the temperature of the leaves of the cultivated crop is suppressed to about 24 to 28 ° C.
In addition to such light-shielding treatment, in the plant cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation container having the soil layer of the present invention, under the sunshine environment obtained by such light-shielding treatment and the accompanying temperature environment, 1 The low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution is sprayed on the leaves of the cultivated crops multiple times.

次に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液について説明する。
カニやエビなどの甲殻類のクチクラ組織は、カルシウム10〜27%、タンパク質5〜45%、キチン質10〜30%である。
クチクラ組織を酸処理でカルシウムを除き、アルカリ処理によってタンパク質を除去してキチンが得られ、これを濃アルカリ溶液で加熱、またはカリ融解して脱アセチル化した生成物がキトサン(グルコサミン)である。
Next, the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer solution will be described.
Cuticular tissues of crustaceans such as crabs and shrimps are 10-27% calcium, 5-45% protein, and 10-30% chitin.
Chitosan (glucosamine) is a product obtained by removing calcium by acid treatment from the cuticle tissue and removing protein by alkali treatment to obtain chitin, which is heated in a concentrated alkaline solution or de-acetylated by potash melting.

キトサン自体は水に不溶なのでキトサンと希酢酸溶液との混合液に糖類などを適当量添加するなどして、キトサン塩水溶液とすることができる。
また、キトサンは通常分子量150000程度の高分子であるが、本発明に適用するキトサンは、活性を高めるために微生物を用いて大凡分子量500〜700程度の低分子キトサンとして用いる。
糖類は生物学的に活性のある状態の他の分子と共有結合するゆえ、例えば液状の前記低分子キトサンの一部が、添加した前記糖類のオリゴ糖(単糖の数が2〜11程度の糖)と共有結合してキトサンオリゴ糖などとして存在することがあるが、本発明でオリゴ糖などの糖との共有結合体も低分子キトサンと称すものとする。
本発明で適用する低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の成分と含有量は、低分子キトサンが2〜3%、チッソ肥料成分5〜7%、リン肥料成分2〜5%、カリ肥料成分4〜5%などと水である
Since chitosan itself is insoluble in water, an aqueous chitosan salt solution can be obtained by adding an appropriate amount of sugar or the like to a mixture of chitosan and dilute acetic acid solution.
Chitosan is usually a polymer having a molecular weight of about 150,000, but chitosan applied to the present invention is used as a low-molecular chitosan having a molecular weight of about 500 to 700 using a microorganism in order to enhance the activity.
Since the saccharide is covalently bonded to other molecules in a biologically active state, for example, a part of the liquid low-molecular chitosan is added to the saccharide oligosaccharide (the number of monosaccharides is about 2 to 11). In some cases, a covalent bond with a sugar such as an oligosaccharide is also referred to as a low-molecular chitosan.
The components and contents of the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid applied in the present invention are as follows: low molecular chitosan is 2 to 3%, chisso fertilizer component is 5 to 7%, phosphorus fertilizer component is 2 to 5%, potash fertilizer component is 4 to 5% Etc. and water

次に本発明が、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の使用を前提として、遮光処置、および前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を植栽植物の栽培期間中に前記栽培植物の葉部に1回から複数回散布することによる作用について説明する。
表1は、農作物などの栽培植物への上記処置による作用や効果などについて示しているものである。
Next, on the premise of the use of a hydroponics container having a soil layer, the present invention applies the light shielding treatment and the low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution once to the leaves of the cultivated plant during the cultivation period of the planted plant. The effect | action by spraying several times from will be demonstrated.
Table 1 shows the action and effect of the above treatment on cultivated plants such as agricultural crops.

Figure 2010239890
Figure 2010239890

すなわち表1に示すように、適宜な遮光処置により太陽光の過度な照度を低めて栽培農作物の葉部の温度上昇を抑制し、
CO2(炭酸ガス)・酸素・水蒸気などの出入口である葉部の気孔を開いてCO2 吸収増加、および呼吸作用の活発化によって水分蒸散に伴う気化潜熱で葉部の昇温を抑制する。
また、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の採用によって、十分な水分・肥料供給による水分蒸散増大に伴う気化潜熱で栽培農作物の葉部の温度上昇を抑制し、温度的ストレスを生起させない。
また、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布によって、前記葉部の茎頂(頂端***組織)を活性化させ、植物ホルモンであるサイトカイニンなどの増加による老化抑制作用、葉緑体の増加と活性化で光合成を増大化させ、さらに根部の肥料吸収力の増大化などの作用を及ぼす。
かように、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の採用、適宜な遮光処置ならびに前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布、という三要件が相互に作用し合って栽培農作物の収穫量アップ、品質の向上ならびに収穫までの期間短縮などの飛躍的効果を得ることができるのである。
That is, as shown in Table 1, by suppressing the excessive illuminance of sunlight by appropriate shading treatment, the temperature rise of the cultivated crop leaves is suppressed,
Opening the pores of the leaves, which are the entrances and exits of CO2 (carbon dioxide), oxygen, water vapor, etc., increases CO2 absorption, and activates the respiratory action to suppress the temperature rise of the leaves by the latent heat of vaporization caused by moisture evaporation.
Moreover, by adopting the hydroponic container having the soil layer, the temperature rise of the cultivated crop leaves is suppressed by the latent heat of vaporization due to the increase of water transpiration due to sufficient water and fertilizer supply, and thermal stress is not caused.
In addition, by applying the low molecular weight chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution to the leaves, the shoot apex (apical meristem) of the leaves is activated, and the aging inhibitory action due to the increase of plant hormones such as cytokinin, chloroplasts Increases and activates photosynthesis, and further increases the fertilizer absorption capacity of the root.
Thus, the harvesting of cultivated crops is achieved by the interaction of the three requirements of adoption of a hydroponic container having the soil layer, appropriate shading treatment, and spraying onto the leaves of the low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid. It is possible to obtain dramatic effects such as increasing the quantity, improving the quality, and shortening the time until harvesting.

次に、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の使用、および前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布を前提として、具体的な遮光処置に関して記載する。
関西地方の中部内陸地区を例とすれば、晩春から初秋の太陽光の強い時間帯の露天直射日光の照度は、大凡100〜130klx程度である。
本発明による栽培法によると、トマト、ナス、スイカあるいはメロンなどは、大凡30〜70klx程度が栽培に適合し、前記日光照射の平均を115klxとすれば、遮光率では74〜39%程度である。
わが国の亜熱帯地域南部に栽培適合性があるゴ−ヤ類などは、大凡93〜82klx程度が栽培に適合し、同様に前記遮光率では19〜29%程度である。
Next, specific light-shielding treatment will be described on the premise that the hydroponics container having the soil layer is used and the low-molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid is applied to the leaves.
Taking the Chubu inland area of Kansai as an example, the illuminance of outdoor direct sunlight during the time when sunlight is strong from late spring to early autumn is about 100 to 130 klx.
According to the cultivation method of the present invention, about 30 to 70 klx of tomato, eggplant, watermelon or melon is suitable for cultivation, and if the average of sunlight irradiation is 115 klx, the shading rate is about 74 to 39%. .
As for goya and the like that are suitable for cultivation in the southern subtropical region of Japan, about 93 to 82 klx is suitable for cultivation, and similarly, the shading rate is about 19 to 29%.

また、寒帯地域南部に栽培適合性があるレタス、ミツバ、インゲンマメあるいはエンドウマメなどは、大凡17〜42klx程度が適合し、同様に前記遮光率では85〜63%程度である。
以上のことから、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用い、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布を行う場合、遮光率で大凡20〜85%程度の範囲が適合するということが分かった。
なお本発明において、太陽光の遮光処置による栽培植物に適合する照射度合を、照度で示さないで遮光率で示す理由は、太陽光の照度は気象条件や周囲の環境などによって刻々と変化するので、その地域おける太陽光の強い時間帯の平均的照度をベースとして求める遮光率で示した方が実務的には便利であるからである。
In addition, lettuce, honey bean, kidney beans, peas, etc., which are suitable for cultivation in the southern region of the cold zone, are suitable for about 17 to 42 klx, and similarly, the shading rate is about 85 to 63%.
From the above, when using the hydroponics container having the soil layer and spraying the leaves of the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid, a range of about 20 to 85% is suitable for the shading rate. I understood that.
In the present invention, the reason for indicating the degree of irradiation suitable for a cultivated plant by sunlight shading treatment not by illuminance but by the shading rate is because the illuminance of sunlight changes every moment depending on weather conditions and surrounding environment. This is because it is practically convenient to indicate the shading rate obtained based on the average illuminance in the time zone when sunlight is strong in the area.

また、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器においては、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トを経由して前記土壌層が常に適度な水分に保たれ、また、前記栽培農作物の前記保水槽部の前記水部からも直接に水分を摂取できるので、両者の水分吸収環境がほぼ完全に栽培植物に適合し、水分吸収に伴うストレスが生じない。
さらに、前記栽培ベッド上には前記土壌層が敷設されているので、土壌で生育する植物に刷り込まれていると云われている露地栽培の場合と同様な土壌環境が提供され、特に前記栽培植物の前記土壌層にある前記根部においては、土壌に含まれる多様な肥料成分の吸収など、露地栽培の場合と同様な環境が与えられる。
In the hydroponic cultivation container having the soil layer, the soil layer is always kept at an appropriate moisture level via the drooping water suction and root elongation sheet, and the cultivation crop is preserved. Since water can be taken directly from the water part of the water tank part, the water absorption environment of both is almost completely compatible with the cultivated plant, and no stress associated with water absorption occurs.
Further, since the soil layer is laid on the cultivation bed, a soil environment similar to that in the case of outdoor cultivation which is said to be imprinted on a plant growing on the soil is provided. In the root portion in the soil layer, an environment similar to that in the case of outdoor cultivation such as absorption of various fertilizer components contained in the soil is given.

すなわち、露地栽培法、土壌による容器栽培法あるいは水耕栽培法では決して得られないところの、上記する前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器の使用による作用、遮光による作用、および低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部散布による作用の三者の作用が相持ち、栽培農作物の生産性を飛躍的に高めることになるのである。
つまり、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を単独使用するのみの農作物栽培の場合でも、容器栽培分野においては卓越した農作物栽培法である。
前記農作物栽培法に加えて、遮光法の採用と低分子キトサン含有複合肥料の採用によって、驚くべきことに飛躍的にその効果、すなわち農作物収穫の増化、農作物の品質向上あるいは収穫までの短期化などの効果を発揮する、土壌層を有する水耕栽培方法を提供することができたのである。
That is, the action by using the hydroponics container having the above-mentioned soil layer, the action by shading, and the low molecular chitosan-containing composite, which is never obtained by the open field cultivation method, the container cultivation method by soil or the hydroponics method The three effects of the application of the fertilizer leaves are combined to dramatically increase the productivity of cultivated crops.
That is, even in the case of crop cultivation in which the hydroponics container having the soil layer is used alone, it is an excellent crop cultivation method in the container cultivation field.
In addition to the above-mentioned crop cultivation method, the effect of light shielding method and low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer is surprisingly drastically improved, that is, crop yield increase, crop quality improvement or crop shortening Thus, it was possible to provide a hydroponic cultivation method having a soil layer that exhibits the effects such as.

本発明の土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法において、テスト用栽培ハウスを作り、キュウリについて苗の定植から収穫までの栽培テストを行った。
実施した地域は関西地方の中部内陸地区で、前記地区の晩春から初秋の日光の強い時間帯の平均的日光照度は大凡100klx〜130klx程度であった。
図1に描く如き栽培ハウス4を用い、PE軟質透明シ−トを栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部5に使用したハウス栽培法により栽培テストとして実施したものである。
前記栽培テストは次に示す4通りとした。
(A)本発明栽培法;遮光処置および低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を葉部に散布。
(B)比較栽培法1;低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液のみ葉部に散布(遮光処置無し)。
(C)比較栽培法2;遮光処置のみ採用(低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の散布無し)。
(D)比較栽培法3;土耕栽培にて他は前記(A)と同じ。
なお、前記(A)〜(C)は、図1に描くように、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器1を用い、前記(D)については、大地の耕地使用である土耕栽培法である。
In the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container having the soil layer of the present invention, a cultivation house for test was made, and a cultivation test from seedling planting to harvesting was performed on cucumber.
The implemented area was the central inland area of the Kansai region, and the average sunlight illuminance during the period of strong sunlight from late spring to early autumn was about 100 klx to 130 klx.
The cultivation house 4 as depicted in FIG. 1 was used as a cultivation test by a house cultivation method in which a PE soft transparent sheet was used for the cultivation house formation sheet portion 5.
The cultivation test was performed in the following four ways.
(A) The cultivation method of the present invention; light shielding treatment and low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution are sprayed on the leaves.
(B) Comparative cultivation method 1; only low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution is sprayed on the leaves (no shading treatment).
(C) Comparative cultivation method 2; only shading treatment is adopted (no low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer solution sprayed).
(D) Comparative cultivation method 3; others are the same as (A) above in soil cultivation.
In addition, said (A)-(C) uses the hydroponic cultivation container 1 which has the said soil layer, as drawn in FIG. 1, About (D), it is a soil cultivation cultivation method which is cultivating land use of the earth. is there.


次に、栽培実施条件について説明する。
前記(A)〜(C)の共通条件は、上記したように前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いた。
前記栽培容器は各条件とも5基用い、なるべく同条件のキュウリの苗を前記栽培容器1基に2株宛、計10株とした。
また、使用した前記栽培容器は図5に描く如き構造で、容器の内側底部から上端までの高さが22cm、内側の長辺長が34cm、内側の短辺長が16cm、栽培ベッド22の上面と前記上端間の長さが12cm、および保水槽部27の上下長が9cmの形状の栽培容器を使用した。
なお、前記栽培ベッドは格子状の穿孔群を設けた。
吸水性シ−ト25および垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト29は、PAN繊維のスパンボンド不織布を、アニオン界面活性剤水溶液で洗浄して油脂分を除去して使用し、洗浄後の前記不織布の前記バイレック法による水上昇高さは75mmであった。

Next, cultivation implementation conditions will be described.
The common condition of said (A)-(C) used the hydroponics container which has the said soil layer as mentioned above.
Five cultivation containers were used for each condition, and cucumber seedlings with the same conditions were addressed to 2 strains per 1 cultivation container, for a total of 10 strains.
In addition, the used cultivation container has a structure as depicted in FIG. 5, the height from the inner bottom to the upper end of the container is 22 cm, the inner long side length is 34 cm, the inner short side length is 16 cm, and the upper surface of the cultivation bed 22 And the length between the said upper ends was 12 cm, and the cultivation container of the shape whose vertical length of the water retention tank part 27 was 9 cm was used.
The cultivation bed was provided with a grid-like perforated group.
The water-absorbing sheet 25 and the hanging water-absorbing and root-extending sheet 29 were prepared by using a PAN fiber spunbond nonwoven fabric with an anionic surfactant aqueous solution to remove oils and fats. The water rising height of the nonwoven fabric by the birec method was 75 mm.

また、前記(A)〜(D)の土壌の共通条件として、前記(A)〜(C)における土壌層3は露地畑部から採取した同一場所の土壌を使用し、前記(D)は耕地部分を前記同一場所の土壌と入れ換えて耕地部とした。
前記(A)〜(C)については、前記前記栽培ベッド上に前記土壌を11cmの厚さに敷設して前記土壌層とし、保水槽部27の水部28については、その水深が4cm以下にならないように水供給孔(図示していない)から適宜給水した。
前記(D)については、前記土耕栽培の場所の土壌を深さ約50cmだけ前記同一場所の土壌と入れ換え、潅水を通常のハウス栽培で実施する如く適宜行った。
Moreover, as a common condition of the soil of said (A)-(D), the soil layer 3 in said (A)-(C) uses the soil of the same place extract | collected from the open field field part, Said (D) is arable land The part was replaced with the soil at the same place to make a cultivated land part.
About (A)-(C), the soil is laid on the cultivation bed to a thickness of 11 cm to form the soil layer, and the water depth of the water portion 28 of the water retention tank portion 27 is 4 cm or less. Water was appropriately supplied from a water supply hole (not shown) so as not to become.
Regarding (D), the soil at the soil cultivation site was replaced with soil at the same location by a depth of about 50 cm, and irrigation was carried out as appropriate in a normal house cultivation.

前記(A)、(C)および(D)の遮光処置は、遮光シ−トとして高密度PE黒色テ−プ糸の目の粗いラッセル編布を用い、テスト用の図1に示す遮光シ−ト内張り栽培ハウス4、つまり、栽培ハウス形成シ−ト5として示すPE軟質透明シ−トの内側に、前記テスト用栽培ハウスの躯体に着脱自在の方式で装着した。
照度計(アズワン株式会社製LM−332)で、前記黒色ラッセル編布の太陽光の透過前後の照度から計算した遮光率41〜43%であった。
なお、遮光率に幅があるのは前記黒色ラッセル編布の編み目の大きさなどにバラツキがあるからである。
In the light shielding treatment of (A), (C) and (D), a coarse Russell knitted fabric of high density PE black tape yarn is used as the light shielding sheet, and the light shielding sheet shown in FIG. 1 for testing is used. The lining cultivation house 4, that is, the PE soft transparent sheet shown as the cultivation house forming sheet 5, was attached in a detachable manner to the casing of the test cultivation house.
With a luminometer (LM-332 manufactured by As One Co., Ltd.), the light shielding rate was 41 to 43% calculated from the illuminance before and after the sunlight transmitted through the black Russell knitted fabric.
The reason why the light blocking ratio varies is that there is variation in the size of the stitches of the black Russell knitted fabric.

次に、前記(A)〜(D)共通条件として、キュウリの苗の定植前に施肥した固形肥料は、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液をポ−ラス構造のセラミックに含浸させた、顆粒状の低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液含浸セラミック、および顆粒状の化成肥料を用いた。 施肥量は、前記(A)〜(C)においては各々1容器当たり10gを図5の土壌層3に、前記(D)においては前記耕地部分の土壌に1株当たり5g混入した。   Next, as a common condition of the above (A) to (D), the solid fertilizer fertilized before planting the cucumber seedlings is obtained by impregnating the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid with a porous ceramic. Of low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid impregnated ceramic and granular chemical fertilizer were used. In (A) to (C), 10 g per fertilizer was mixed in the soil layer 3 in FIG. 5 and 5 g per strain in the soil of the cultivated land in (D).

前記葉部への散布用の前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の原液は、低分子キトサンが2〜3%、チッソ肥料成分5〜7%、リン肥料成分2〜5%、カリ肥料成分4〜5%などと水で構成する液状物で、この原液を水で0.1%に希釈した水溶液を用いた。
(A)、(B)および(D)についての前記複合肥料希釈液の散布量は、初期には1株の葉部に1g、キュウリの生長にしたがって、各々2回目以降は3g、6g、10gと散布量を増加して行き、栽培期間中に4回葉部に散布した。
以上の各前記(A)〜(D)の栽培法での栽培実施態様および収穫結果を表2に示す。
The low-molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer solution for spraying on the leaf part is 2-3% low-molecular chitosan, 5-7% chisso fertilizer component, 2-5% phosphorus fertilizer component, 4-5 potassium component An aqueous solution obtained by diluting the stock solution to 0.1% with water is used.
(A), (B), and (D), the application amount of the complex fertilizer dilution is initially 1 g on the leaves of one strain, and according to the growth of cucumber, the second and subsequent times are 3 g, 6 g, and 10 g, respectively. The amount of spraying was increased and sprayed four times during the cultivation period.
Table 2 shows cultivation embodiments and harvest results in the above cultivation methods (A) to (D).

Figure 2010239890
Figure 2010239890

表2は、6月上旬の苗の定植から収穫終了までの栽培実施態様を前記(A)〜(D)についてまとめて示した表である。
キュウリの苗の定植時期は上向き矢印で示すように6月上旬とし、遮光処置期間は二重破線で示し、遮光処置がないものは空欄とし、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布はその時期を上向き矢印で示した。
キュウリの収穫は、キュウリは茎が上位に伸びる節毎に実が稔って行くので、収穫期は7月中旬前後から9月上旬まで収穫でき、この期間を破線で示した。
収穫期間の収穫量合計は前記破線の右側に示した。
Table 2 is a table summarizing the above-described (A) to (D) cultivation embodiments from the seedling planting to the end of harvest in early June.
The cucumber seedlings are planted at the beginning of June as indicated by the upward arrow, the shading treatment period is indicated by a double dashed line, those without light shading are left blank, and sprayed onto the leaves of low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid Indicated the time with an upward arrow.
The cucumbers are harvested from the middle of July to the beginning of September because the cucumbers grow at each node where the stem extends upward, and this period is indicated by a broken line.
The total yield during the harvest period is shown on the right side of the broken line.

表2によると、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いた前記(A)〜(C)の評価については次の通りであった。
(A)本発明栽培の場合、つまり遮光処置を行った上、前記複合肥料の葉部への散布
を行う栽培法は、収穫可能な初結実時期が最も早く収穫期間も長期におよんだ。
前記(A)の場合の収穫量合計は130kgと最も多く、品質においては実の大きさが揃っていて味も良く、実の形などの品位も良好という結果を得た。
遮光処置無し、前記複合肥料の葉部への散布の前記(B)比較栽培1の場合は、結実時期が遅く、収穫量合計は95kgと少く、品質においては実の大きさが揃ってなかった。
遮光処置あり、前記肥料葉部散布無しの(C)比較栽培2の場合は、前記(B)よりは収穫可能な初結実時期がやや早く、収穫量合計も105kgと前記(B)を上回り、品質においては、実の大きさは比較的揃っていた。
土耕栽培の(D)比較栽培3の場合は、遮光処置をして前記複合肥料液を散布する栽培法であるが、結実時期が最も遅く収穫量合計は80kgと最も少なく、品質においては、実の大きさも揃ってなく形状不良な実が散見された。

このことから前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる作用が大きいことが分かった。
According to Table 2, it was as follows about evaluation of said (A)-(C) using the hydroponic cultivation container which has the said soil layer.
(A) In the case of the cultivation according to the present invention, that is, the cultivation method in which the compound fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves after the light-shielding treatment is performed, the initial fruiting time that can be harvested is the earliest, and the harvesting period is also long.
In the case of (A), the total yield was as high as 130 kg, and in terms of quality, the actual size was uniform, the taste was good, and the quality such as the actual shape was good.
In the case of (B) comparative cultivation 1 with no light shading treatment and application to the leaves of the compound fertilizer, the fruiting time was late, the total yield was as small as 95 kg, and the actual size was not uniform in quality. .
In the case of (C) comparative cultivation 2 with shading treatment and without fertilizer leaf spraying, the initial fruiting time that can be harvested is slightly earlier than (B), and the total yield exceeds 105 kg and (B), In terms of quality, the actual size was relatively uniform.
In the case of soil cultivation (D) comparative cultivation 3, it is a cultivation method in which the combined fertilizer solution is sprayed with light shielding treatment, but the fruiting time is the latest and the total yield is the smallest with 80 kg. The actual size was not uniform, and there were some cases of poor shape.

From this, it was found that the action using the hydroponics container having the soil layer was great.

以上の各テスト栽培から次のことが云い得る。
すなわち、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いた栽培法同士、つまり前記(A)〜(C)間では、収穫量、品質とも良好な順は前記(A)、(C)、(B)という順位で、しかも比較的大きな差があり、遮光処置の効果が比較的高いことが分かった。
さらに、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用い、遮光処置を行い、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布を行った前記(A)本発明栽培法が、前記(A)〜(C)間で最もよい結果が得られた。
また、遮光処置と前記複合肥料液の葉部散布を行った同士、つまり前記(A)、(D)間比較では、前記土耕栽培法よりも前記栽培容器を用いた栽培法の方が、収穫量、品質とも格段によい結果が得られることが分かった。
The following can be said from each test cultivation above.
That is, between the cultivation methods using the hydroponics container having the soil layer, that is, between (A) to (C), the order of good yield and quality is the order (A), (C), (B ) And there was a relatively large difference, and it was found that the effect of the light shielding treatment was relatively high.
Furthermore, said (A) this invention cultivation method which performed the light-shielding treatment using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer, and sprayed to the leaf part of a low molecular chitosan containing composite fertilizer liquid is said (A)-( The best results were obtained among C).
Moreover, in the comparison between (A) and (D), the cultivation method using the cultivation container is more suitable than the soil cultivation method, while performing the light-shielding treatment and leaf dispersion of the composite fertilizer liquid. It was found that the yield and quality were much better.

前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法について、遮光処置および低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布に関する栽培テストを行った。
前記栽培テストは、テスト用の栽培ハウスを設置し、亜熱帯地域南部での栽培に適するとされるゴ−ヤ、および比較的温暖な寒冷地帯南部での栽培に適するとされるピ−マンについての検討にて行った。
実施した地域は、実施例1と同様な地域である関西地方の中部内陸地区で、図2に描く如くPE軟質透明シ−トを栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部9に使用した遮光シ−ト内張り栽培ハウス10で前記栽培テストを実施した。
前記栽培容器は各条件とも3基ずつ用い、なるべく同条件のゴ−ヤ、およびピ−マンの苗を前記栽培容器1基に各2株で、各々の栽培条件について苗を6株宛とした。
About the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has the said soil layer, the cultivation test regarding the dispersion | spreading to the leaf part of light shielding treatment and a low molecular chitosan containing composite fertilizer liquid was done.
For the cultivation test, a cultivation house for testing was set up for Goya, which is suitable for cultivation in the southern subtropical region, and for Piman, which is suitable for cultivation in the relatively warmer southern region. It went by examination.
The implemented area is a central inland area in the Kansai region, which is the same area as in Example 1, and a light-shielding sheet lining using PE soft transparent sheet for cultivation house formation sheet part 9 as depicted in FIG. The cultivation test was carried out in the cultivation house 10.
Three cultivation containers are used for each condition. As much as possible, Goya and Peaman seedlings with the same conditions are used in two strains per one cultivation container, and seedlings are addressed to six strains for each cultivation condition. .

前記遮光処置の検討に使用した遮光シ−トとしては、遮光処置なし(E)遮光率0%の露天栽培、遮光処置(F)遮光率8〜12%の綿60番手寒冷紗使用、遮光処置(G)遮光率19〜21%の綿40番手寒冷紗使用、遮光処置(H)遮光率41〜43%の実施例1で使用した高密度PE黒色テ−プ糸の目の粗いラッセル編布使用、遮光処置(I)遮光率58〜61%の高密度PE黒色テ−プ糸の中編み目のラッセル編布使用、遮光処置(J)遮光率83〜87%の黄麻ドンゴロス布使用、遮光処置(K)遮光率94〜96%の綿40番手寒冷紗と黄麻ドンゴロス布との重ね布使用の7種類とした。
なお遮光率に幅があるのは、各編み目あるいは織り目の大きさなど空隙群にバラツキがあるからである。
また、前記遮光処置は苗の定植直後からゴ−ヤ、ピ−マン共おのおの実の最終収穫までとした。
As the light shielding sheet used for the examination of the light shielding treatment, there is no light shielding treatment (E) outdoor cultivation with a light shielding rate of 0%, light shielding treatment (F) use of cotton 60th cold chilled rice with a light shielding rate of 8 to 12%, light shielding treatment ( G) Use of cotton 40th cold chill with a light shielding rate of 19 to 21%, light shielding treatment (H) Use of coarse Russell knitted fabric of high density PE black tape used in Example 1 with a light shielding rate of 41 to 43%, Light-shielding treatment (I) High-density PE black tape yarn with a light-shielding rate of 58-61%, using a medium raschel knitted fabric, light-shielding treatment (J) using burlap dongoros fabric with a light-shielding rate of 83-87%, light-shielding treatment (K ) Seven types of fabrics were used, with 40-count cotton cold chill with 94-96% shading rate and burlap dongoros.
The reason why the light blocking ratio is wide is that there are variations in the gap group such as the size of each stitch or weave.
In addition, the shading treatment was performed immediately after planting of seedlings until the final harvest of both Goya and Peman.

また、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布の有無の検討については以下の通りである。
前記栽培テストは6〜9月に実施し、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布の有の方については次の通りに行った。
低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液としては、実施例1で用いたのと同様な前記複合肥料液の希釈液を使用した。
前記複合肥料液を葉部に散布する方法としては、栽培期間の各月の中旬と下旬とし、散布量については定植月の6月中旬に1株の葉部に1gを葉部へ散布し、ゴ−ヤとピ−マンの各々生長に従って6月下旬に3g、7月中旬に6gと散布量を増加して行き、7月下旬以降は下部が枯れて行くので上部の葉部に各10gと、栽培期間中に7回葉部に散布する方法とした。
Moreover, it is as follows about the examination of the presence or absence of the spraying to the leaf part of low molecular chitosan containing compound fertilizer liquid.
The cultivation test was carried out in June-September, and the direction of application to the leaves of the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid was carried out as follows.
As the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid, the same diluted liquid of the composite fertilizer liquid used in Example 1 was used.
As a method of spraying the composite fertilizer liquid on the leaf part, the middle and the end of each month of the cultivation period, and about the amount of spraying, 1g is sprayed on the leaf part in the middle of June of the fixed planting month, According to the growth of Goya and Peman, the amount of application increases to 3g in late June and 6g in mid-July, and the lower part dies out after late July. In the cultivation period, it was applied to the leaf part seven times.

前記栽培テストハウスについては長い栽培ハウスを12区画に仕切り、遮光処置(F)(G)間、遮光処置(G)(H)間、遮光処置(H)(I)間、遮光処置(I)(J)間、および遮光処置(J)(K)間に、おのおの図2における前記栽培ハウスの躯体のみの区画を設けて、各遮光処置(F)〜(K)が独立した栽培ハウスの如く設営して各テスト栽培に供した。
前記栽培法(E)遮光率0%の栽培法は、前記栽培ハウスの端部に透明なハウス形成シ−ト部9のみで成る栽培ハウス部を設けて前記栽培容器を据えた。
About the cultivation test house, a long cultivation house is divided into 12 sections, between the light shielding treatment (F) and (G), between the light shielding treatment (G) and (H), between the light shielding treatment (H) and (I), and the light shielding treatment (I). (J) and between the light-shielding treatments (J) and (K), as shown in the cultivation house where each of the light-shielding treatments (F) to (K) is independent by providing a section of only the housing of the cultivation house in FIG. Set up and used for each test cultivation.
The cultivation method (E) cultivation method with a light-shielding rate of 0% provided the cultivation container with a cultivation house part consisting only of a transparent house forming sheet part 9 at the end of the cultivation house.

前記栽培法(E)〜(K)の共通条件として、各苗の定植前に施肥した固形肥料は、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液をポ−ラス構造のセラミックに含浸させた顆粒状の前記複合肥料液含浸セラミック、および顆粒状の化成肥料をおのおの1容器当たり10gを土壌層に混入した。
栽培期間は6〜9月とし、各苗の定植は6月初旬、収穫は9月末までの累計とした。
なお、ゴ−ヤおよびピ−マンの収穫は、茎が上位に伸びる節毎に実が稔って行くので、収穫期は7月中旬前後から9月下旬まで収穫できるので、この期間の累積量で示すことにしたものである。
10月初旬以降のゴ−ヤおよびピ−マンの収穫はテスト条件によってはあるが、大きさ、品質などが劣り前記累計には加えなかった。
以上の栽培法で、遮光の影響および前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布を検討し、表3の結果を得た。
なお、表3の項目欄の収穫量(kg)の項の記号chは、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を葉部に散布した場合の栽培条件、記号0は前記複合肥料液の散布無しの場合である。
As a common condition of the cultivation methods (E) to (K), the solid fertilizer fertilized before planting each seedling is a granulated powder obtained by impregnating a porous structure ceramic with the low-molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid. The composite fertilizer liquid-impregnated ceramic and granular chemical fertilizer were mixed into the soil layer at 10 g per container.
The cultivation period was from June to September, the planting of each seedling was the beginning of June, and the harvest was the total until the end of September.
In addition, the harvest of Goya and Peman is harvested at each node where the stem extends higher, so the harvest period can be harvested from around mid-July to late September. It was decided to show in.
Harvesting of goya and peppers from the beginning of October was inferior in size, quality, etc. depending on the test conditions, but was not added to the total.
With the above cultivation method, the influence of light shielding and the application to the leaves of the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid were examined, and the results shown in Table 3 were obtained.
In addition, the symbol ch of the item of the yield (kg) in the item column of Table 3 is the cultivation condition when the low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the leaves, and the symbol 0 is the case where the composite fertilizer liquid is not sprayed It is.

Figure 2010239890
Figure 2010239890

表3によると、ゴ−ヤの場合は、遮光処置(G)遮光率19〜21%の軽度の遮光処置および低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を葉部に散布(ch)した栽培条件での収穫量が23kgと最も多く、遮光率をこれより低めた軽微な遮光処置(F)や遮光なしの露天と同様な場合の前記(E)、また、遮光率の大きい前記(H)以下については、何れも前記(G)より低い収穫量となった。
また、前記(G)で前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布有(ch)と無(0)の比較では、収穫量にいて前者の23kgに対し後者が18kgで、前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果が認められた。
また、遮光処置の前記(E)〜(K)の収穫量の全般的結果からみても、前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果はかなりあることが分かった。
さらに、実の大きさの均一性や実の充実度などの品質、色艶などの品位も遮光処置(G)で前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布有の栽培条件の方が、遮光処置(G)で前記複合肥料液の散布無しの栽培条件より良好で、軽度の遮光処置と前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果が認められた。
According to Table 3, in the case of Goya, harvesting under cultivation conditions in which light shielding treatment (G) light shading treatment with a light shielding ratio of 19 to 21% and low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid was applied (ch) to the leaves The amount of light is the largest at 23 kg, the light shading treatment (F) with a light shading rate lower than this, and (E) in the same case as an outdoor without light shading, and (H) and below with a large light shading rate, In all cases, the yield was lower than that of (G).
Further, in the comparison of (G) with or without (0) spraying on the leaf portion of the composite fertilizer solution, the latter is 18 kg compared to the former 23 kg in the yield, and the leaf of the composite fertilizer solution The effect of spraying on the part was recognized.
Also, from the overall results of the harvested amounts (E) to (K) of the light shielding treatment, it was found that the effect of spraying the leaves of the composite fertilizer liquid was considerable.
In addition, quality such as uniformity of fruit size and quality of fruit, and quality such as color and luster are also shaded (G), and the cultivation conditions with spraying on the leaves of the compound fertilizer liquid are better shaded. In (G), it was better than the cultivation conditions without spraying of the composite fertilizer solution, and a light shading treatment and the effect of spraying the leaves of the composite fertilizer solution were recognized.


また、ピ−マンの場合は遮光処置(I)遮光率58〜61%の場合で低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を葉部に散布(ch)した栽培条件での収穫量が57kgと最も多く、遮光処置(J)遮光率83〜87%の場合が収穫量55kgと次いで多い結果となったが、両者の差は僅かであった。
遮光率をこれより高めた場合の前記(K)遮光率94〜96%の場合はかなり低い収穫量となり、遮光率をこれより低めた場合の前記(H)遮光率41〜43%以下の場合の収穫量は低くなって行く方向で、遮光処置(I)と(J)に示す如く中度から高度の遮光処置が効果があることが分かった。

In addition, in the case of Pimann, the harvest amount under the cultivation conditions in which the low molecular weight chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid was sprayed (ch) in the case of the shading treatment (I) shading rate of 58 to 61% is the largest as 57 kg, The light shielding treatment (J) with a light shielding ratio of 83 to 87% was the second largest yield of 55 kg, but the difference between the two was slight.
When the (K) light shielding rate is 94 to 96% when the light shielding rate is higher than this, the yield is considerably low, and when the light shielding rate is lower than this (H) when the light shielding rate is 41 to 43% or less. As shown in the light shielding measures (I) and (J), it was found that a moderate to high light shielding treatment is effective in the direction in which the amount of harvesting decreases.

また、遮光処置(I)で前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布(ch)の場合の収穫量57kgに対し、前記複合肥料液散布無し(0)の場合の収穫量が44kg、また、遮光処置(J)についても同様な結果であり、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果が認められた。

また、遮光処置(E)〜(K)の収穫量の全般的結果からも、前記複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果があることが認められた。
また、前記(I)および(J)の遮光条件において、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の散布の方が、前記複合肥料液の散布無しより、実の大きさの均一性、実の充実度などの品質、色艶などの品位もそれぞれ良好で、品質や品位についても中度から高度な遮光処置のもとで、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布の効果がかなり大きく認められた。
In addition, the harvest amount in the case of the non-dispersion of the complex fertilizer solution (0) is 44 kg, compared to the yield of 57 kg in the case of spraying the leaf portion (ch) of the low molecular chitosan-containing complex fertilizer solution in the shading treatment (I). Further, the same results were obtained for the light-shielding treatment (J), and the effect of spraying on the leaves of the low-molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid was recognized.

Moreover, it was recognized from the general result of the harvest amount of the light shielding treatments (E) to (K) that there is an effect of spraying the leaves of the composite fertilizer liquid.
Further, in the light-shielding conditions of (I) and (J), the application of the low-molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer liquid is more uniform in real size and the actual fulfillment level than without the application of the composite fertilizer liquid. The quality and quality of the colour, etc. are also good, and the effect of spraying the leaves of the low molecular weight chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid on the leaves of the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound is moderately high with respect to the quality and quality. Admitted.

以上の結果から云い得ることは、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法において、遮光処置が有効であり、栽培植物の種類によって適合する遮光の程度が存在することが分り、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布が遮光処置と共に有効であるという結果を得た。
亜熱帯地域南部での栽培に適するとされるゴ−ヤと、比較的温暖な寒帯地域南部での栽培に適するとされるピ−マンのほぼ両極にある農作物についての結果から、適合する遮光率の範囲は大凡20〜85%程度であるという結果を得た。
さらに、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液の葉部への散布が遮光処置と共に有効であることが分かった
It can be said from the above results that, in the plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container having the soil layer, it is understood that a light shielding treatment is effective, and there is a degree of light shielding suitable for the type of cultivated plant, The results show that the application of low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer to the leaves is effective together with the shading treatment.
Based on the results of crops that are almost at the extremes of Goya, which is suitable for cultivation in the southern subtropical region, and Phiman, which is suitable for cultivation in the relatively warmer southern region, The result was that the range was about 20-85%.
Furthermore, it was found that the application of the low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid to the leaves is effective together with the shading treatment.

前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法およびその上部空域構造の本発明は、前記栽培容器使用の前提で、遮光処置によって植栽物への日光の照度を低め、前記低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を併用することで、収穫量の増大化、初期収穫時期を速め且つ収穫期間の長期化、および品質、品位の向上が達成できる。
したがって本発明は、わが国において、東北北部、北海道など高緯度地域、特に冷夏など異常気象期にも温暖地並の収穫を確保できる可能性がある。
また、実質的な日の出が遅く、日の入りが早い日照時間の少ない中山間部あるいは山間部においても、通常収穫量を確保できる。
The plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container having the soil layer and the upper airspace structure of the present invention are based on the premise that the cultivation container is used, and reduces the illuminance of sunlight to the plant by shading treatment, and the low molecular chitosan By using the combined compound fertilizer liquid in combination, it is possible to increase the yield, speed up the initial harvest time, extend the harvest period, and improve the quality and quality.
Therefore, in the present invention, there is a possibility that a harvest similar to that in a warm region can be secured even in high latitude regions such as northern Tohoku and Hokkaido, especially in abnormal weather periods such as cold summer.
In addition, it is possible to secure a normal harvest amount even in a mountainous area or a mountainous area where the substantial sunrise is late and the sunset time is early.

また、土壌を用いていて、しかも基本的には静止型水耕栽培法であるので、通常の水耕栽培法におけるような水の循環装置など動力部が不要なので、鑑賞用根つきポットの草木栽培などにも適用できる。
さらに、茶、ブドウあるいはモモなどの多年性植物である樹木系農作物の苗木の育成にも適用できる。
また、前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器は、水平面方向については如何様にも広くできるので、本発明は中規模あるいは大規模な農作物栽培化が可能である。
このように、わが国の農業分野への広範囲な適用は勿論のこと、林業における苗木育成、花卉などの栽培にも適用できる。
したがって本発明は、わが国の植物栽培技術への広範囲な適用の可能性があり、農林分野などの陸生植物を対象とした技術、事業の発展に資するところが大きい。
In addition, because it uses soil and is basically a static hydroponic cultivation method, there is no need for a power unit such as a water circulation device as in the normal hydroponic cultivation method. It can also be applied to cultivation.
Furthermore, it can also be applied to growing seedlings of tree crops that are perennial plants such as tea, grapes or peaches.
Moreover, since the hydroponics container having the soil layer can be arbitrarily wide in the horizontal plane direction, the present invention can be cultivated on a medium or large scale.
Thus, it can be applied not only to a wide range of applications in Japan's agricultural field, but also to the cultivation of seedlings in the forestry and the cultivation of flower buds.
Therefore, the present invention has a wide range of applicability to plant cultivation technology in Japan, and greatly contributes to the development of technology and business targeting terrestrial plants such as agriculture and forestry.

1 土壌層を有する栽培容器
2 栽培植物
3 土壌層
4 遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培ハウス
5 栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部
6 遮光シ−ト
7 栽培ハウス内部の透視部
8 栽培ハウス内部の透視部境界を描く曲線
9 栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部
10 遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培ハウス
12 栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部
13 遮光シ−トを内張りした栽培トンネル
16 かぶせ形遮光シ−トで覆った栽培植物
20 左図;長辺方向の土壌層を有する栽培容器の断面模式略図
21 右図;短辺方向の土壌層を有する栽培容器の断面模式略図
22 容器部
23 栽培ベッド部
24 貫通間隙部
25 給水性シ−ト
27 保水槽部
28 水部
29 垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−ト
30 給水性シ−トと垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トとの接合部
36 土壌層における根部
37 保水槽部の水中における根部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cultivation container which has a soil layer 2 Cultivation plant 3 Soil layer 4 Cultivation house lined with light-shielding sheet 5 Cultivation house formation sheet part 6 Light-shielding sheet 7 See-through part inside cultivation house 8 See-through part inside cultivation house Curve 9 that draws the boundary Cultivation house formation sheet 10 Cultivation house 12 lined with light shielding sheet Cultivation tunnel formation sheet part 13 Cultivation tunnel 16 lined with light shielding sheet Covered with a cover type light shielding sheet Cultivated plant 20 Left figure: schematic cross-sectional schematic diagram of a cultivation container having a soil layer in the long side direction 21 Right figure: schematic cross-sectional diagram of a cultivation container having a soil layer in the short side direction 22 Container part 23 Cultivation bed part 24 Through gap part 25 Water supply sheet 27 Water retaining tank section 28 Water section 29 Drooping water uptake and root extension sheet 30 Junction 36 between water supply sheet and hanging water uptake and root extension sheet 36 In the soil layer Root 37 Water retention Root in water parts

Claims (5)

土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法において、
遮光処置については、前記栽培容器に植栽されている栽培植物の上部空域を、栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部に遮光シ−トを付加する形式での栽培ハウス形覆い式あるいは栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部に遮光シ−トを付加する形式での栽培トンネル形覆い式、あるいは遮光シ−トのみの栽培植物かぶせ形覆い式などの、前記遮光シ−トによる構造物で前記栽培植物を覆うことによって、
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中の太陽光照射を遮光率において20〜85%に減じ、
且つ、前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に複数回散布し、
前記栽培容器については、内部上下方向のほぼ中間の水平面に貫通間隙部を有する硬質板状の栽培ベッド部が設置されていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の上面においては吸水性シ−トが敷設され、
その上部に前記土壌層が敷設されていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の下部には水部を有する保水槽部が設けられていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の前記貫通間隙部から、前記吸水性シ−トに上部を接合した状態の吸水性を有する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの下端部を、前記保水槽部の水部に垂下浸漬して、
前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの毛細管現象で前記吸水性シ−トに水分が至り、前記吸水性シ−トの上部に敷設されている前記土壌層に水分が至り、
しかして、前記土壌層に植栽されている栽培植物の根部は、栽培初期には前記土壌層部に存在し、前記栽培植物の生長に伴って、前記土壌層部の根部に加えて前記保水槽部の水中の双方に存在するようなることを特徴とする、
土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法。
In a plant cultivation method using a hydroponics container having a soil layer,
For the shading treatment, the upper airspace of the cultivated plant planted in the cultivation container is used as a cultivation house-shaped covering type or cultivation tunnel-forming sheet in a form in which a light-shielding sheet is added to the cultivation house formation sheet portion. Covering the cultivated plant with a structure by the light shielding sheet, such as a cultivation tunnel type covering type in which a light shielding sheet is added to the sheet part, or a cultivation plant covering type covering type only with a light shielding sheet By
Sunlight irradiation during the cultivation period of the cultivated plant is reduced to 20 to 85% in light shielding rate,
And during the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, low molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid is sprayed multiple times on the leaf group of the cultivated plant,
For the cultivation container, a hard plate-shaped cultivation bed portion having a through gap portion is installed in a substantially intermediate horizontal plane in the vertical direction inside,
A water-absorbing sheet is laid on the upper surface of the cultivation bed part,
The soil layer is laid on the top,
A water holding tank part having a water part is provided at the bottom of the cultivation bed part,
From the penetrating gap portion of the cultivation bed portion, the lower end portion of the drooping water wicking and root extension sheet having water absorption in a state where the upper portion is joined to the water absorbing sheet is used as the water in the water holding tank portion. Soak in the part
Moisture reaches the water-absorbing sheet by capillary action of the drooping water uptake and root extension sheet, moisture reaches the soil layer laid on the upper side of the water-absorbing sheet,
Thus, the root part of the cultivated plant planted in the soil layer is present in the soil layer part in the initial stage of cultivation, and the plant is added in addition to the root part of the soil layer part as the cultivated plant grows. It is present in both the water of the aquarium part,
A plant cultivation method using a hydroponics container having a soil layer.
前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器およびその上部空域構造において、
前記上部空域構造については、前記栽培植物に対して遮光率にて20〜85%を達成すべく、
前記栽培植物の最大生長高さと最大生長容積を勘案したサイズで、栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部に遮光シ−トを付加する形式での栽培ハウス形覆い式あるいは栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部に遮光シ−トを付加する形式での栽培トンネル形覆い式、あるいは遮光シ−トのみの栽培植物かぶせ形覆い式などの形態の遮光シ−ト構造物で、前記栽培植物を覆っている構造であって、
前記遮光シ−トは、前記栽培ハウス形覆い式にあっては前記栽培ハウス形成シ−ト部の内側あるいは外側、前記栽培トンネル形覆い式にあっては前記栽培トンネル形成シ−ト部の内側あるいは外側に配置されていて、
前記土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器については、前記栽培容器の内部上下方向のほぼ中間の水平面に貫通間隙部を有する硬質板状の栽培ベッド部が設置されていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の上面においては前記吸水性シ−トが敷設されていて、
その上部に前記土壌層が敷設されていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の下部には水部を有する前記保水槽部が備えられていて、
前記栽培ベッド部の前記貫通間隙部から、吸水性を有する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トが前記保水槽部に垂下していて、その垂下端部は前記保水槽部の水部に浸漬していて、
前記吸水性を有する垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トは前記栽培ベッド上においては前記吸水性シ−トの面に接合していて、
しかして、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの毛細管現象で、前記吸水性シ−トに水分が至り、前記吸水性シ−トの上部に敷設せれている前記土壌層に水分が至り、
しかして、前記土壌層に植栽されている栽培植物の根部は、栽培初期には前記土壌層部に存在し、前記栽培植物の生長に伴って、前記垂下式水吸上及び根伸長シ−トの誘導によって前記保水槽部の水部に至り、
しかして、前記栽培植物の根部は前記土壌層および前記保水槽部の水部の双方に存在するようなる如き構造あることを特徴とする、
土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器およびその上部空域構造。
In the hydroponics container having the soil layer and its upper airspace structure,
About the upper airspace structure, in order to achieve 20-85% in the shading rate with respect to the cultivated plant,
A size that takes into account the maximum growth height and maximum growth volume of the cultivated plant, and is shielded from the cultivation house shape covering type or cultivation tunnel formation sheet portion in the form of adding a light shielding sheet to the cultivation house formation sheet portion. It is a structure that covers the cultivated plant with a light shielding sheet structure in the form of a cultivation tunnel type covering type in the form of adding a sheet, or a cultivation plant covering type covering type only with a light shielding sheet. And
The shading sheet is inside or outside the cultivation house forming sheet portion in the cultivation house type covering type, and inside the cultivation tunnel forming sheet portion in the cultivation tunnel type covering type. Or it ’s located outside,
For the hydroponic cultivation container having the soil layer, a rigid plate-shaped cultivation bed part having a through gap is installed in a substantially horizontal plane in the vertical direction inside the cultivation container,
On the upper surface of the cultivation bed part, the water-absorbing sheet is laid,
The soil layer is laid on the top,
The lower part of the cultivation bed part is provided with the water holding tank part having a water part,
From the penetrating gap portion of the cultivation bed portion, a hanging water uptake and root extension sheet having water absorption hangs down in the water retention tank portion, and the hanging lower end portion is in the water portion of the water retention tank portion. Soaked
The water-absorbing and water-absorbing sheet with water absorption is bonded to the surface of the water-absorbing sheet on the cultivation bed,
Thus, due to the capillarity of the drooping water uptake and root extension sheet, water has reached the water absorbent sheet, and the soil layer laid on the water absorbent sheet has moisture. To
Thus, the root part of the cultivated plant planted in the soil layer is present in the soil layer part in the initial stage of cultivation, and with the growth of the cultivated plant, the drooping water suction and root elongation sheet To the water part of the water holding tank part by
Thus, the root part of the cultivated plant has a structure such that it exists in both the soil layer and the water part of the water retention tank part,
Hydroponics container having soil layer and upper airspace structure thereof.
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料を包接したポ−ラス構造のセラミックの顆粒あるいはペレットを、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、
請求項1に記載する、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法。
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid multiple times to the leaf group of the cultivated plant,
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, characterized in that a ceramic granule or pellet of a porous structure encapsulating a low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer is applied to the soil layer,
The plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer described in Claim 1.
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、動物植物質資材を原料にした有機質肥料を、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、
請求項1、および3に記載する、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法。
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid multiple times to the leaf group of the cultivated plant,
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, the organic fertilizer made from animal plant material is applied to the soil layer,
The plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer described in Claim 1 and 3.
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料液を前記栽培植物の葉部群に複数回散布することに加えて、
前記栽培植物の栽培期間中に、低分子キトサン含有複合肥料を添加した、動物植物質資材を原料にした有機質肥料を、前記土壌層に施すことを特徴とする、
請求項1、3、および4に記載する、土壌層を有する水耕栽培容器を用いる植物栽培方法。
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, in addition to spraying the low-molecular chitosan-containing compound fertilizer liquid multiple times to the leaf group of the cultivated plant,
During the cultivation period of the cultivated plant, the organic fertilizer made from animal plant material, to which a low molecular chitosan-containing composite fertilizer is added, is applied to the soil layer,
The plant cultivation method using the hydroponics container which has a soil layer as described in Claims 1, 3, and 4.
JP2009090878A 2009-04-03 2009-04-03 Method for cultivating plant using hydroponic container having soil layer, and upper airspace structure of the container Pending JP2010239890A (en)

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JP2012153751A (en) * 2011-01-24 2012-08-16 Lintec Corp Adhesive sheet
CN104782263A (en) * 2015-05-14 2015-07-22 南京农业大学 Method for producing selenium-enriched tea leaves by endogenous regulation of soil
JP2017063644A (en) * 2015-09-29 2017-04-06 ユニチカ株式会社 Auxiliary sheet for house cultivation
CN107853056A (en) * 2017-12-05 2018-03-30 深圳市娅安科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of high yield high-quality tealeaves
CN107954763A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-04-24 来安县金桃生态农业有限公司 A kind of environmentally friendly organic fertilizer for promoting nectarine growth and preparation method thereof
CN108083955A (en) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-29 来安县金桃生态农业有限公司 A kind of environmentally friendly organic fertilizer for promoting the growth of winter peach and preparation method thereof
CN108781874A (en) * 2018-06-27 2018-11-13 南京林业大学 A kind of conversion Rooted Cuttings are the plant system of earth culture seedling

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CN108781874B (en) * 2018-06-27 2023-07-07 南京林业大学 Planting system for transforming hydroponic seedlings into soil-cultured seedlings

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