JP2010228362A - Method for manufacturing structural plywood - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing structural plywood Download PDF

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JP2010228362A
JP2010228362A JP2009080179A JP2009080179A JP2010228362A JP 2010228362 A JP2010228362 A JP 2010228362A JP 2009080179 A JP2009080179 A JP 2009080179A JP 2009080179 A JP2009080179 A JP 2009080179A JP 2010228362 A JP2010228362 A JP 2010228362A
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pressing
pressure
plywood
structural plywood
specific gravity
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JP5208828B2 (en
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Kenichi Kadota
賢一 門田
Sulaksono Gani
スラクソノ ガニ
Hisami Suda
久美 須田
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PtKutai Timber Indonesia
Kutai Timber Indonesia PT
Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd
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PtKutai Timber Indonesia
Kutai Timber Indonesia PT
Sumitomo Forestry Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for manufacturing structural plywood that can efficiently manufacture lightweight structural plywood of high proof stress while preventing thickness unevenness and a fall in strength due to buckling, material breakage, or the like of a low specific gravity material. <P>SOLUTION: The method for manufacturing the structural plywood comprises pressing a plurality of veneers 31-33, 41-43 to obtain a first surface part and a second surface part, interposing veneers 21-23 formed of wood lower in specific gravity than wood used for the veneers of the first surface part and the second surface part, between the first surface part and the second surface part, and integrally pressing the whole of them to obtain a structural face material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、構造用合板の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a structural plywood.

構造用合板は、主に木造住宅等の木造建築物において、壁下地材、床下地材、屋根下地材等として使用されている。
構造用合板の単板を構成する木材には、以前は南洋材、いわゆるラワン系樹種が多く用いられていた。近年、環境問題の高まりとともに南洋材の使用を制限する動きが出始め、そのため、針葉樹であるロシアカラマツ、あるいは国産材であるスギ、またはそれらの複合製品が主流を占めるようになってきている。
しかしながら、特にロシアカラマツ単体、あるいはそれをスギと複合化した構造用合板の製品は、比重がおよそ0.50以上となり、比重0.5で計算した場合、主に床用に用いられる24mm厚、幅910mm、長さ1820mmの構造用合板1枚の重量は19.9kgにもなる。28mm厚、幅910mm、長さ1820mmの構造用合板に至っては1枚の重量が23.2kgにもなる。
Structural plywood is mainly used as a wall base material, a floor base material, a roof base material, etc. in wooden buildings such as wooden houses.
In the past, southern wood, the so-called Lauan tree species, was often used for the wood that constitutes the veneer of structural plywood. In recent years, with the growing environmental problems, there has been a movement to limit the use of South Sea wood, and for this reason, Russian larch, which is a conifer, or Japanese cedar, or a composite product thereof, has become the mainstream.
However, in particular, the product of Russian larch alone or a structural plywood compounded with cedar has a specific gravity of about 0.50 or more, and when calculated with a specific gravity of 0.5, a thickness of 24 mm mainly used for flooring, The weight of one structural plywood having a width of 910 mm and a length of 1820 mm is 19.9 kg. A structural plywood having a thickness of 28 mm, a width of 910 mm, and a length of 1820 mm leads to a weight of 23.2 kg.

このような状況にある反面、特に住宅の施工者である大工は近年高齢化が進んでおり、取り扱い上、構造用合板の軽量化が強く望まれている。
なお、従来、合板の製造方法としては、特許文献1のように、乾燥後の仕組み単板に接着剤を塗布し、コールドプレスで仮圧締の後、ホットプレスで本圧締して接着する方法が知られている。また、特許文献2の実施例には、冷圧条件10kg/cm2、加熱条件10kg/cm2で、各圧締を行うことが記載されている。
On the other hand, carpenters who are homebuilders are aging in recent years, and the weight reduction of structural plywood is strongly desired for handling.
Conventionally, as a method of manufacturing a plywood, as in Patent Document 1, an adhesive is applied to a structure veneer after drying, and after temporary pressing with a cold press, main pressing with a hot press and bonding are performed. The method is known. Moreover, in the Example of Patent Document 2, it is described that each pressing is performed under a cold pressure condition of 10 kg / cm 2 and a heating condition of 10 kg / cm 2 .

特開昭61−154901号公報JP 61-154901 A 特開平10−259368号公報JP-A-10-259368

構造用合板を軽量化するには、低比重の樹種を単板構成中に配置することが考えられるが、通常の合板の構成や、通常の製造方法及び条件(単板仕組み〜糊付〜冷圧〜熱圧)による工程では、低比重の樹種の単板が、圧締時のプレス圧によって座屈や材料破壊を起こし、それが、厚みムラや強度低下等の不具合を引き起こす原因となった。   In order to reduce the weight of structural plywood, it is conceivable to arrange low specific gravity tree species in the veneer structure, but the normal plywood structure and the normal manufacturing method and conditions (single plate mechanism-glued-cold In the process by pressure to heat pressure), the single veneer of low specific gravity tree caused buckling and material destruction due to the pressing pressure at the time of pressing, which caused problems such as uneven thickness and reduced strength. .

従って、本発明の目的は、低比重材の座屈や材料破壊等による厚みムラや強度低下を防止でき、軽量で高耐力な構造用合板を効率よく製造することのできる構造用合板の製造方法を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a structural plywood manufacturing method that can prevent thickness unevenness and strength reduction due to buckling or material destruction of a low specific gravity material, and can efficiently manufacture a lightweight and high strength structural plywood. Is to provide.

本発明は、複数枚の単板を圧締して得られた合板間に、該合板の単板に用いた木材より低比重の木材から得られた単板を介在させ、それらの全体を一体的に圧締して構造用面材を得ることを特徴とする構造用合板の製造方法を提供することにより、上記目的を達成したものである。   In the present invention, a single plate obtained from wood having a specific gravity lower than that of the wood used for the single plate of the plywood is interposed between the plywood obtained by pressing a plurality of single plates, and the whole is integrated. The above object is achieved by providing a method for manufacturing a structural plywood, characterized in that a structural face material is obtained by press-fitting.

本発明の構造用合板の製造方法によれば、低比重材の座屈や材料破壊等による厚みムラや強度低下を防止でき、軽量で高耐力な構造用合板を効率よく製造することができる。   According to the method for manufacturing a structural plywood of the present invention, it is possible to prevent thickness unevenness and strength reduction due to buckling or material destruction of a low specific gravity material, and to efficiently manufacture a structural plywood that is lightweight and has high strength.

図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る構造用合板を示す斜視図である。FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a structural plywood according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図2は、図1に示す構造用合板のX方向に沿う断面の一部を拡大して示す断面図である。FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a part of a cross section along the X direction of the structural plywood shown in FIG. 図3は、図1に示す構造用合板の製造工程の説明図である。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing process of the structural plywood shown in FIG. 図4は、図1に示す構造用合板の製造工程の説明図である。FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the manufacturing process of the structural plywood shown in FIG.

以下、本発明をその好ましい実施態様に基づいて詳細に説明する。
図1及び図2は、本発明の構造用合板の一実施形態を示す図である。。
本実施形態の構造用合板1は、図1中、X方向を長手方向、Y方向を幅方向とする平面視矩形状の面材である。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on preferred embodiments thereof.
1 and 2 are views showing an embodiment of a structural plywood according to the present invention. .
The structural plywood 1 according to the present embodiment is a face material having a rectangular shape in plan view with the X direction as a longitudinal direction and the Y direction as a width direction in FIG.

構造用合板1は、図2に示すように、繊維方向を交互に直交させて積層された3層の単板21〜23からなるコア部2と、該コア部2の上下に設けられた、第1表面部3及び第2表面部4とからなる。
第1表面部3は、繊維方向を交互に直交させて積層された3層の単板31〜33からなり、第2表面部4も、繊維方向を交互に直交させて積層された3層の単板41〜43からなる。また、コア部2の単板21と第1表面部3の単板33とは、繊維方向が互いに直交しており、コア部2の単板23と第2表面部4の単板41とも、繊維方向が互いに直交している。
構造用合板1は、総ての単板間が接着剤を介して接合されている。また、単板31,33,22,41,43は、何れも繊維が図中X方向に配向しており、残りの単板32,21,23,42は、何れも繊維が図中Y方向に配向している。即ち、相隣接する総ての単板どうしの繊維方向は直交している。
As shown in FIG. 2, the structural plywood 1 is provided with a core portion 2 composed of three-layered single plates 21 to 23 laminated with the fiber directions alternately orthogonal to each other, and provided above and below the core portion 2. It consists of a first surface portion 3 and a second surface portion 4.
The first surface portion 3 is composed of three layers of single plates 31 to 33 that are laminated with the fiber directions alternately orthogonal to each other, and the second surface portion 4 is also a three-layer that is laminated with the fiber directions alternately orthogonal to each other. It consists of single plates 41-43. Further, the single plate 21 of the core part 2 and the single plate 33 of the first surface part 3 are perpendicular to each other in fiber direction, and both the single plate 23 of the core part 2 and the single plate 41 of the second surface part 4 The fiber directions are orthogonal to each other.
In the structural plywood 1, all the single plates are joined via an adhesive. The single plates 31, 33, 22, 41, 43 all have fibers oriented in the X direction in the figure, and the remaining single plates 32, 21, 23, 42 all have fibers in the Y direction in the figure. Oriented. That is, the fiber directions of all adjacent single plates are orthogonal.

コア部2を構成する単板の積層数は、図2に示す3層に代えて、1層、2層又は4層以上とすることもできる。上限は特に制限されないが、構造用合板としての強度や軽量性を確保しつつ厚みT1を一定の値に確保する観点等から、10層以下、特に5層以下であることが好ましい。また、コア部2を構成する単板21〜23は、それぞれの厚みが、1.5〜4.5mmであること、特に2.5〜4.2mmであることが好ましい。また、コア部2全体の厚みT2(図2参照)は、構造用合板1の厚みT1に対して30〜60%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30〜50%であり、更に好ましくは30〜45%である。また、コア部2の厚みT2は、少なくとも7mm以上あることが好ましく、より好ましくは7〜15mm、特に好ましくは7〜10mmである。   The number of single plates constituting the core portion 2 may be one layer, two layers, or four or more layers instead of the three layers shown in FIG. The upper limit is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 10 layers or less, particularly 5 layers or less from the viewpoint of securing the thickness T1 at a constant value while ensuring the strength and light weight as a structural plywood. Moreover, as for the single plates 21-23 which comprise the core part 2, it is preferable that each thickness is 1.5-4.5 mm, especially 2.5-4.2 mm. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness T2 (refer FIG. 2) of the core part 2 whole is 30 to 60% with respect to thickness T1 of the structural plywood 1, More preferably, it is 30 to 50%, More preferably, it is 30. ~ 45%. Moreover, it is preferable that thickness T2 of the core part 2 is at least 7 mm or more, More preferably, it is 7-15 mm, Most preferably, it is 7-10 mm.

コア部2を構成する単板21〜23には、第1及び第表面部3,4を構成する単板に用いた木材よりも低比重の木材から得られたものを用いる。
コア部2を構成する単板21〜23を構成する木材は、低比重の樹種から得られた低比重材であることが好ましい。低比重材は、比重が、0.06〜0.50であることが好ましく、0.10〜0.40であることがより好ましく、0.15〜0.35であることが更に好ましい。
As the single plates 21 to 23 constituting the core portion 2, those obtained from wood having a specific gravity lower than that of the wood used for the single plates constituting the first and first surface portions 3 and 4 are used.
The wood constituting the single plates 21 to 23 constituting the core part 2 is preferably a low specific gravity material obtained from a low specific gravity tree species. The specific gravity of the low specific gravity material is preferably 0.06 to 0.50, more preferably 0.10 to 0.40, and still more preferably 0.15 to 0.35.

低比重の樹種としては、ファルカタ(比重0.37)、バルサ(比重0.27)、ドロノキ(ポプラ)(比重0.42)、グメリナ(比重0.44)、スギ(比重0.38)、カメレレ(ユーカリ)(比重0.37〜0.64)等が好ましく、これらの中でも、早生樹で植林木であるファルカタやバルサ、特にバルサが好ましい。前記の比重の値は、(財)日本木材総合情報センターから入手した。コア部2を形成する単板は、同一樹種から得られた単板であることが好ましいが、異なる樹種から得られた単板を組み合わせて用いることもできる。なお、バルサ材は、比重0.06〜0.27のものを用いることが好ましい。カメレレは、比重0.3〜0.5のものを用いることが好ましい。   Low specific gravity tree species include Falkata (specific gravity 0.37), balsa (specific gravity 0.27), dronoki (poplar) (specific gravity 0.42), gmelina (specific gravity 0.44), cedar (specific gravity 0.38), Chamelele (eucalyptus) (specific gravity 0.37 to 0.64) and the like are preferable, and among these, Falkata and balsa, which are fast-growing trees and planted trees, particularly balsa are preferable. The specific gravity values were obtained from the Japan Wood General Information Center. The veneer forming the core part 2 is preferably a veneer obtained from the same tree species, but can also be used by combining veneers obtained from different tree species. The balsa material preferably has a specific gravity of 0.06 to 0.27. It is preferable to use a chamelere having a specific gravity of 0.3 to 0.5.

第1表面層3を構成する単板の積層数は、図2に示す3層に代えて、2層又は4層以上とすることもできる。第2表面層4を構成する単板の積層数も同様であり、図2に示す3層に代えて、2層又は4層以上とすることもできる。但し、構造用合板1に強度を確保しつつ重量を抑制する観点から、第1及び第2の各表面層を構成する単板の積層数は、2層から5層程度であることが好ましい。また構造用合板としての強度の確保等の観点から、第1表面層3と第2表面層4との合計の単板数は5以上であることが好ましい。   The number of laminated single plates constituting the first surface layer 3 may be two or four or more instead of the three layers shown in FIG. The number of laminated single plates constituting the second surface layer 4 is also the same, and instead of the three layers shown in FIG. 2, two layers or four or more layers can be used. However, from the viewpoint of suppressing the weight while ensuring the strength of the structural plywood 1, the number of laminated single plates constituting each of the first and second surface layers is preferably about 2 to 5 layers. Further, from the viewpoint of ensuring strength as a structural plywood, the total number of single plates of the first surface layer 3 and the second surface layer 4 is preferably 5 or more.

第1表面層3及び第2表面層4を構成する単板は、それぞれの厚みが、1.5〜3.0mmであること、特に2.0〜3.0mmであることが好ましい。また、第1表面層3の厚みT3(図2参照)及び/又は第2表面層4の厚みT4(図2参照)は、構造用合板1の厚みT1に対して30〜40%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは30〜37%であり、更に好ましくは30〜35%である。また、前記厚みT3及び厚みT4は、それぞれ、少なくとも5mm以上あることが好ましく、より好ましくは5〜9mm、特に好ましくは5〜8mmである。   The single plate constituting the first surface layer 3 and the second surface layer 4 has a thickness of 1.5 to 3.0 mm, particularly preferably 2.0 to 3.0 mm. Further, the thickness T3 (see FIG. 2) of the first surface layer 3 and / or the thickness T4 (see FIG. 2) of the second surface layer 4 is 30 to 40% with respect to the thickness T1 of the structural plywood 1. Is more preferable, more preferably 30 to 37%, still more preferably 30 to 35%. The thickness T3 and the thickness T4 are each preferably at least 5 mm, more preferably 5 to 9 mm, and particularly preferably 5 to 8 mm.

第1表面層3及び第2表面層4を構成する単板31〜33(41〜43)には、コア部2を構成する単板に用いた木材よりも比重が高い木材ないし樹種から得られたものを用いる。コア部2を構成する単板31〜33(41〜43)を構成する木も、低比重の樹種から得られた低比重材であることが好ましい。第1表面層3及び第2表面層4に用いる単板は、その比重が、コア部に用いる単板の比重の1.5〜3倍程度であることが好ましく、特に1.7〜2.5倍程度であることが好ましい。また、第1表面層3及び第2表面層4を構成する単板31〜33(41〜43)は、比重が、0.3〜0.7であることが好ましく、0.4〜0.6であることがより好ましく、0.4〜0.55であることが更に好ましい。
第1表面層3及び第2表面層4を構成する単板に用いる木材(樹種)の好ましい例としては、コア部2を構成する単板に用いる低比重材として上述したものを挙げることができる。
特に好ましい組み合わせを例示すれば、コア部2にバルサ材、第1及び第2表面層3,4にカメレレ材を用いる組み合わせ、コア部2にファルカタ、第1及び第2表面層3,4にラジアタパイン材を用いる組み合わせ、コア部2にビヌアン、第1及び第2表面層3,4にメランティ材を用いる組み合わせ等である。なお、第1表面層3に用いる木材(樹種)と、第2表面層4に用いる木材(樹種)とは同じであることが好ましいが、異なっていても良い。また、第1表面層3を構成する複数の単板は、同一樹種から得られたものが好ましいが、異なる樹種から得られた単板を組み合わせて用いることもできる。第2表面層4についても同様である。
The single plates 31 to 33 (41 to 43) constituting the first surface layer 3 and the second surface layer 4 are obtained from wood or tree species having a higher specific gravity than the wood used for the single plate constituting the core portion 2. Use the same thing. The trees constituting the single plates 31 to 33 (41 to 43) constituting the core portion 2 are also preferably low specific gravity materials obtained from low specific gravity tree species. The single plate used for the first surface layer 3 and the second surface layer 4 preferably has a specific gravity of about 1.5 to 3 times the specific gravity of the single plate used for the core part, particularly 1.7-2. It is preferably about 5 times. Moreover, it is preferable that specific gravity is 0.3-0.7, and the single plates 31-33 (41-43) which comprise the 1st surface layer 3 and the 2nd surface layer 4 are 0.4-0. 6 is more preferable, and 0.4 to 0.55 is still more preferable.
As a preferable example of the wood (tree species) used for the veneer constituting the first surface layer 3 and the second surface layer 4, those mentioned above as the low specific gravity material used for the veneer constituting the core portion 2 can be mentioned. .
For example, a particularly preferred combination is a combination using a balsa material for the core portion 2 and a chamelele material for the first and second surface layers 3 and 4; A combination using materials, a combination using Vinouin for the core portion 2, and a meranti material for the first and second surface layers 3 and 4, etc. The wood (tree species) used for the first surface layer 3 and the wood (tree species) used for the second surface layer 4 are preferably the same, but may be different. The plurality of single plates constituting the first surface layer 3 are preferably obtained from the same tree species, but single plates obtained from different tree species can also be used in combination. The same applies to the second surface layer 4.

コア部、第1表面部及び第2表面部を構成する単板は、それぞれ、木材を、ロータリーレースやスライサー等の各種公知の切削装置で切削することにより得ることができる。また、層間の接合には、合板やLVL等の製造に従来使用されている各種公知の接着剤を特に制限なく用いることができる。好ましい接着剤としては、水系の接着剤であり、例えば、フェノール系接着剤、メラミン系接着剤、変性メラミン系接着剤等が挙げられる。   The single plates constituting the core portion, the first surface portion, and the second surface portion can be obtained by cutting wood with various known cutting devices such as a rotary race and a slicer. In addition, various known adhesives conventionally used in the production of plywood, LVL, and the like can be used for bonding between layers without any particular limitation. Preferred adhesives are water-based adhesives, and examples thereof include phenol-based adhesives, melamine-based adhesives, and modified melamine-based adhesives.

本実施形態の構造用合板1は、構造用合板として、木造住宅等の木造建築物における、壁下地材、床下地材、屋根下地材等として好ましく用いられる。また、本実施形態の構造用合板1は、軽量であるため、取り扱い性に優れており、大工の高齢化問題に対する対策としても有意義である。   The structural plywood 1 according to this embodiment is preferably used as a structural plywood as a wall base material, a floor base material, a roof base material, etc. in a wooden building such as a wooden house. Moreover, since the structural plywood 1 of this embodiment is lightweight, it is excellent in handleability and is also meaningful as a countermeasure against the aging problem of carpenters.

次に、本発明の製造方法の一実施態様について、上述した構造用合板1を製造する場合を例にとり、図3を参照して説明する。   Next, an embodiment of the manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 3 taking the case of manufacturing the above-described structural plywood 1 as an example.

本実施態様においては、図3(a)に示す3枚の単板31〜33を、単板間に接着剤(図示せず)を介在させて積層し、それらを、図3(b)に示すように、プレス機に挟み込み一体的に圧締して合板30〔図3(c)参照)〕を得る。それとは別に、図3(d)に示す3枚の単板41〜43を、単板間に接着剤(図示せず)を介在させて積層し、それらを、図3(e)に示すように、プレス機に挟み込み一体的に圧締して合板40〔図3(f)参照)〕を得る。   In this embodiment, the three single plates 31 to 33 shown in FIG. 3A are stacked with an adhesive (not shown) interposed between the single plates, and these are shown in FIG. 3B. As shown in the drawing, a plywood 30 (see FIG. 3 (c)) is obtained by being sandwiched between press machines and integrally pressed. Separately, three single plates 41 to 43 shown in FIG. 3 (d) are laminated with an adhesive (not shown) interposed between the single plates, and these are stacked as shown in FIG. 3 (e). Then, the plywood 40 (see FIG. 3 (f))] is obtained by being sandwiched between press machines and integrally pressed.

そして、得られた合板30と合板40とを、両者間に、単板21〜23を介在させて積層する。合板30と単板21との間、単板21と単板22との間、単板22と単板23との間、及び単板23と合板40との間には、接着剤(図示せず)を介在させる。
そして、このように積層した2枚の合板30,40及び該合板間の単板21〜23を、図4に示すように、プレス機を用いて一体的に圧締する。この圧締により、上述した構造用合板1が得られる。
And the obtained plywood 30 and the plywood 40 are laminated | stacked by interposing the single plates 21-23 between both. An adhesive (not shown) is provided between the plywood 30 and the single plate 21, between the single plate 21 and the single plate 22, between the single plate 22 and the single plate 23, and between the single plate 23 and the plywood 40. )).
Then, the two plywoods 30 and 40 laminated in this way and the single plates 21 to 23 between the plywoods are integrally clamped using a press as shown in FIG. By this pressing, the above-described structural plywood 1 is obtained.

本実施態様においては、この2枚の合板30,40及び該合板間の単板21〜23を一体的に加圧して圧締する際の圧締である第2圧締における圧締圧力を、上述した2枚の合板30,40を製造する際の圧締である第1圧締における圧締圧力よりも低くしている。   In the present embodiment, the pressing pressure in the second pressing, which is pressing when the two plywoods 30 and 40 and the single plates 21 to 23 between the plywood are integrally pressed and pressed, The pressure is lower than the pressing pressure in the first pressing, which is pressing when the two plywoods 30 and 40 described above are manufactured.

単板21〜23,31〜33及び41〜43を一度に一回圧締して構造用合板を製造するのに代えて、予め第1及び第2表面部3,4を構成する単板を、相対的に高い圧締圧力で圧締(第1の圧締)して合板30,40を製造しておき、次いで、合板30,40間に、単板21〜23を介在させ、それらの全体を一体化させる圧締(第2の圧締)を、第1圧締より相対的に低い圧締圧力で行うことにより、コア部2を構成する低比重の単板21〜23に座屈や材料破壊が生じるのを防止しつつ、全体を強固に一体化することができる。
また、これにより、強度に優れた構造用合板1が得られると共に、個々の構造用合板1内や、同条件で順次製造する複数の構造用合板間に厚みムラが生じることを防止することができる。
Instead of producing the structural plywood by pressing the single plates 21 to 23, 31 to 33 and 41 to 43 once at a time, the single plates constituting the first and second surface portions 3 and 4 in advance The plywood 30 and 40 are manufactured by pressing with a relatively high pressing pressure (first pressing), and then the single plates 21 to 23 are interposed between the plywoods 30 and 40. By buckling (second pressing) that integrates the whole with a lower pressing pressure than the first pressing, buckling to the low specific gravity single plates 21 to 23 constituting the core portion 2 In addition, the whole can be firmly integrated while preventing the occurrence of material destruction.
In addition, this makes it possible to obtain a structural plywood 1 having excellent strength, and to prevent unevenness in thickness between individual structural plywoods 1 and between a plurality of structural plywoods manufactured sequentially under the same conditions. it can.

合板30,40を製造する際の圧締である第1圧締における圧締圧力は、合板30,40の製造に用いる木材の比重等に応じて適宜に決定することができるが、例えば、カメレレ材を用いる場合について言えば、例えば0.7〜2.0程度MPaとすることができ、より好ましくは0.8〜1.5MPaである。
全体を一体化する圧締である第2圧締における圧締圧力も、合板30,40間に配する単板の比重等に応じて適宜に決定することができるが、例えば、バルサ材を用いる場合について言えば、例えば0.2〜0.7MPa程度とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5〜0.6MPaである。
The pressing pressure in the first pressing, which is the pressing when manufacturing the plywoods 30, 40, can be determined as appropriate according to the specific gravity of the wood used for manufacturing the plywoods 30, 40. Speaking of the case of using a material, for example, the pressure may be about 0.7 to 2.0 MPa, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 MPa.
The pressing pressure in the second pressing, which is the pressing that integrates the whole, can also be determined as appropriate according to the specific gravity of the single plate disposed between the plywoods 30 and 40. For example, a balsa material is used. In terms of cases, for example, it is preferably about 0.2 to 0.7 MPa, more preferably 0.5 to 0.6 MPa.

全体を一体化させる第2圧締における圧締圧力は、合板30,40を製造する際の第1圧締における圧締圧力に比して、0.4MPa超低いことが好ましく、0.5MPa超低いことがより好ましい。ここでいう圧締圧力は、第1圧締における最大圧力及び第2圧締における最大圧力である。   The pressing pressure in the second pressing for integrating the whole is preferably lower by 0.4 MPa than the pressing pressure in the first pressing when manufacturing the plywoods 30 and 40, and more than 0.5 MPa. More preferably, it is low. The pressing pressure here is the maximum pressure in the first pressing and the maximum pressure in the second pressing.

第1圧締及び第2圧締が、それぞれ、110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程を具備する場合、第2圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力より低いことが好ましい。第1圧締及び第2圧締における熱圧工程は、それぞれ、115℃以上で行うことが好ましい。
また、第1圧締が、110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程を具備しない場合、第2圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における最大圧力より低いことが好ましい。
接着剤として水性の接着剤を用いた場合、水性の接着剤のなかの水分が加熱により水蒸気となって木材中に入り込み、それによって木材が軟化する場合がある。木材の軟化は、圧締時における低比重材の座屈や材料破壊を助長する傾向があるため、第2圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力を、第1圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力あるいは最大圧力より低くすることで、低比重材の座屈や材料破壊を一層効果的に抑制することができる。
In the case where the first pressing and the second pressing each include a hot pressing process in which pressurization is performed at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher, the pressing pressure of the hot pressing process in the second pressing is the hot pressure in the first pressing. The pressure is preferably lower than the pressing pressure of the process. The hot pressing process in the first pressing and the second pressing is preferably performed at 115 ° C. or higher.
In addition, when the first pressing does not include a hot pressing step of pressurizing at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher, it is preferable that the pressing pressure in the hot pressing step in the second pressing is lower than the maximum pressure in the first pressing. .
When a water-based adhesive is used as the adhesive, the water in the water-based adhesive may become water vapor by heating and enter the wood, which may soften the wood. Since softening of wood tends to promote buckling and material destruction of the low specific gravity material during pressing, the pressing pressure of the hot pressing process in the second pressing is set to the pressure of the hot pressing process in the first pressing. By making it lower than the clamping pressure or the maximum pressure, buckling and material destruction of the low specific gravity material can be more effectively suppressed.

また、第1圧締及び第2圧締は、それぞれ、110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程の前に、50℃以下の温度で加圧する冷圧工程を具備することが好ましい。冷圧工程を具備させることで、接着剤を単板等になじませることができ、接着剤中の水分が一度に水蒸気となって放出されることによる接着不良を防止することができる。
この場合、第2圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力より低いことが好ましく、第2圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が低い方の圧締圧力より低いことがより好ましい。
なお、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程は、異なるプレス機を用いて、順次行うことが好ましい。また、冷圧工程は、加熱することなく行うことが好ましく、環境の温度等に応じて、35℃以下で行っても良いし、30℃以下で行っても良い。
Moreover, it is preferable that each of the first pressing and the second pressing includes a cold pressing step of applying pressure at a temperature of 50 ° C. or lower before the hot pressing step of applying pressure at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher. By providing the cold pressure step, the adhesive can be made to conform to a single plate or the like, and adhesion failure due to moisture in the adhesive being released as water vapor at a time can be prevented.
In this case, the higher pressure in the cold pressure process and the hot pressure process in the second pressure process is the higher pressure in the cold pressure process and the heat pressure process in the first pressure process. Is preferably lower than the higher pressing pressure, and the higher pressing pressure of the cold pressing process and the hot pressing process in the second pressing is the cold pressing process in the first pressing. It is more preferable that the pressing pressure in the hot pressing step is lower than the lower pressing pressure.
In addition, it is preferable to perform a cold pressure process and a hot-pressure process sequentially using a different press machine. The cold pressure step is preferably performed without heating, and may be performed at 35 ° C. or lower or 30 ° C. or lower depending on the environmental temperature or the like.

以上、本発明の構造用合板の一実施形態及び製造方法の一実施態様について説明したが、本発明は、上記の実施形態(態様)に制限されず、適宜変更可能である。
例えば、上述した構造用合板1は、隣接する総ての単板どうしの繊維方向が直交していたが、構造用合板1を構成する単板の繊維方向は、特に制限されず、総ての単板の繊維方向が構造用合板1の長手方向と平行であっても良い。但し、合板30及び合板40は、それぞれ、繊維方向が互い直交する相隣接する2枚の単板を含むことが好ましく、コア部2も、繊維方向が互い直交する相隣接する2枚の単板を含むことが好ましい。
As mentioned above, although one embodiment of the structural plywood of this invention and one embodiment of the manufacturing method were demonstrated, this invention is not restrict | limited to said embodiment (aspect), It can change suitably.
For example, in the structural plywood 1 described above, the fiber directions of all adjacent single plates are orthogonal, but the fiber directions of the single plates constituting the structural plywood 1 are not particularly limited, and all The fiber direction of the single plate may be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the structural plywood 1. However, it is preferable that the plywood 30 and the plywood 40 each include two single plates adjacent to each other whose fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, and the core portion 2 is also composed of two adjacent single plates whose fiber directions are orthogonal to each other. It is preferable to contain.

また、上述した構造用合板1の製造方法においては、合板30と合板40を別々に製造したが、それに代えて、合板30と合板40を合わせた寸法より大きい合板を製造した後、その合板を切断して、合板30及び合板40を製造しても良い。また、構造用合板1は、壁下地材、床下地材、屋根下地材等として使用する場合、両面11,12のうちの何れを室内側に向けて使用しても良い。   Moreover, in the manufacturing method of the structural plywood 1 described above, the plywood 30 and the plywood 40 were separately manufactured. Instead, after manufacturing a plywood larger than the size of the combined plywood 30 and the plywood 40, the plywood was manufactured. The plywood 30 and the plywood 40 may be manufactured by cutting. Further, when the structural plywood 1 is used as a wall base material, a floor base material, a roof base material, or the like, any one of both surfaces 11 and 12 may be used facing the indoor side.

次に、実施例及び参考例に基づいて本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は、斯かる実施例によって何ら制限されるものではない。
〔実施例〕
比重0.45のカメレレから得られた厚さ2.6mmの単板を3枚積層した。これを、温度35℃、圧締圧力0.98MPaの条件で冷圧した後、温度120℃、圧締圧力1.18MPaの条件で熱圧して、第1及び第2表面部を形成するカメレレ合板を得た。
同一条件にて製造した2枚のカメレレ合板間に、比重0.27のバルサから得られた厚さ3.55mmの3枚の単板を介在させ、それらの全体を、温度35℃、圧締圧力0.59MPaの条件で冷圧した後、温度120℃、圧締圧力0.49MPaの条件で熱圧して、図1に示す構成の構造用合板を得た。
なお、総ての層間を、水性の接着剤であるフェノール系接着剤で接合した。
Next, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples and reference examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
〔Example〕
Three single plates of 2.6 mm thickness obtained from a chamelere having a specific gravity of 0.45 were laminated. This is cold pressed under the conditions of a temperature of 35 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 0.98 MPa, and then hot pressed under the conditions of a temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 1.18 MPa to form the first and second surface portions. Got.
Three sheets of 3.55 mm thick obtained from a balsa with a specific gravity of 0.27 are interposed between two chameleon plywood manufactured under the same conditions, and the whole is pressed at a temperature of 35 ° C. After cold-pressing under the condition of a pressure of 0.59 MPa, hot pressing was performed under the conditions of a temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 0.49 MPa to obtain a structural plywood having the configuration shown in FIG.
All the layers were joined with a phenolic adhesive which is a water-based adhesive.

〔参考例1〕
実施例で用いたものと同じ9枚の単板を積層し、それらの全体を、温度35℃、圧締圧力0.98MPaの条件で冷圧した後、温度120℃、圧締圧力1.18MPaの条件で熱圧して、構造用合板を得た。用いた接着剤及び単板の向きは、実施例と同様である。
〔参考例2〕
実施例で用いたものと同じ9枚の単板を積層し、それらの全体を、温度35℃、圧締圧力0.59MPaの条件で冷圧した後、温度120℃、圧締圧力0.49MPaの条件で熱圧して、構造用合板を得た。用いた接着剤及び単板の向きは、実施例と同様である。
[Reference Example 1]
After laminating the same nine single plates as used in the examples, the whole was cold-pressed under the conditions of a temperature of 35 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 0.98 MPa, and then a temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 1.18 MPa. The structural plywood was obtained by hot-pressing under the following conditions. The direction of the used adhesive and the veneer is the same as in the example.
[Reference Example 2]
The same nine single plates as used in the examples were laminated, and the whole was cooled under the conditions of a temperature of 35 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 0.59 MPa, and then a temperature of 120 ° C. and a pressing pressure of 0.49 MPa. The structural plywood was obtained by hot-pressing under the following conditions. The direction of the used adhesive and the veneer is the same as in the example.

実施例及び参考例1,2で得られた構造用合板について、厚みムラの評価及びJAS特類接着試験を行った。
厚みムラの評価結果は、実施例の構造用合板は、厚みが24〜24.7mmの狭い範囲に収まり、厚みのムラが少なかったのに対して、参考例1の構造用合板は、厚みが20〜24.5mmの範囲でばらつき、厚みの精度が悪かった。ここでいう、厚みムラは、一枚の構造用合板中に存する厚みムラである。
JAS特類接着試験(構造用合板)については、実施例の構造用合板は合格であったのに対して、参考性2のものは不合格であった。
また、強度に関しては、JAS(構造用合板)に準拠して測定した曲げヤング率が、実施例の構造用合板については、合格であったのに対して、参考例1の合板については、不合格であった。参考例2の合板についても不合格であった。
実施例の構造用合板は、幅910mm、長さ1820mmの大きさに換算したときの重量が15kgと軽量であった。厚みは24.3mmであった。
The structural plywood obtained in Examples and Reference Examples 1 and 2 was subjected to thickness unevenness evaluation and JAS special adhesion test.
The evaluation results of thickness unevenness showed that the structural plywood of the example was within a narrow range of 24 to 24.7 mm and the thickness unevenness was small, whereas the structural plywood of Reference Example 1 had a thickness of The variation was in the range of 20 to 24.5 mm, and the thickness accuracy was poor. The thickness unevenness referred to here is thickness unevenness existing in one structural plywood.
Regarding the JAS special adhesion test (structural plywood), the structural plywood of the examples was acceptable, while those of reference 2 were unacceptable.
In addition, regarding the strength, the bending Young's modulus measured in accordance with JAS (structural plywood) was acceptable for the structural plywood of the example, but not for the plywood of Reference Example 1. It was a pass. The plywood of Reference Example 2 was also rejected.
The structural plywood of the example had a light weight of 15 kg when converted into a size of 910 mm in width and 1820 mm in length. The thickness was 24.3 mm.

1 構造用合板
2 コア部
21〜23 コア部を構成する単板
3 第1表面部
30 合板
31〜33 第1表面部を構成する単板
4 第2表面部
40 合板
41〜43 第2表面部を構成する単板
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Structural plywood 2 Core part 21-23 Single plate which comprises a core part 3 1st surface part 30 Plywood 31-33 Single board which comprises 1st surface part 4 2nd surface part 40 Plywood 41-43 2nd surface part Veneer constituting

Claims (8)

複数枚の単板を圧締して得られた合板間に、該合板の単板に用いた木材より低比重の木材から得られた単板を介在させ、それらの全体を一体的に圧締して構造用面材を得ることを特徴とする構造用合板の製造方法。   Between the plywood obtained by pressing a plurality of single plates, a single plate obtained from wood having a specific gravity lower than that of the wood used for the single plate of the plywood is interposed, and the whole of them is integrally pressed. A structural plywood manufacturing method characterized in that a structural face material is obtained. 前記全体を一体化する圧締である第2圧締における圧締圧力は、前記合板を製造する際の圧締である第1圧締における圧締圧力より低い、請求項1記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   2. The structural plywood according to claim 1, wherein a pressing pressure in the second pressing, which is the pressing for integrating the whole, is lower than a pressing pressure in the first pressing, which is the pressing when manufacturing the plywood. Manufacturing method. 前記合板を製造する際の第1圧締及び前記全体を一体化する際の第2圧締の少なくとも第2圧締が、110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程を具備しており、第2圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における熱圧工程の圧締圧力又は最大圧力より低い請求項1又は2記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   At least the second pressing of the first pressing when manufacturing the plywood and the second pressing when integrating the whole comprises a hot pressing step of pressing at a temperature of 110 ° C. or more, The method for manufacturing a structural plywood according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pressing pressure in the hot pressing step in the two pressings is lower than the pressing pressure or the maximum pressure in the hot pressing step in the first pressing. 前記合板を製造する際の第1圧締及び全体を一体化する際の第2圧締は、それぞれ、40℃以下の温度で加圧する冷圧工程及び110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程を具備しており、第2圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力より低い請求項1〜3の何れかに記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   The first pressing when manufacturing the plywood and the second pressing when integrating the whole are a cold pressing step of pressing at a temperature of 40 ° C. or lower and a hot pressing step of pressing at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher, respectively. The higher pressure of the cold pressure process and the hot pressure process in the second pressure process is the higher of the cold pressure process and the hot pressure process in the first pressure process. The method for manufacturing a structural plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pressing pressure is lower than the higher pressing pressure. 前記合板を製造する際の第1圧締及び全体を一体化する際の第2の圧締は、それぞれ、40℃以下の温度で加圧する冷圧工程及び110℃以上の温度で加圧する熱圧工程を具備しており、第2圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が高い方の圧締圧力が、第1圧締における、冷圧工程及び熱圧工程のうちの圧締圧力が低い方の圧締圧力より低い請求項1〜4の何れかに記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   The first pressing when manufacturing the plywood and the second pressing when integrating the whole are a cold pressing step of pressing at a temperature of 40 ° C. or lower and a hot pressing pressurizing at a temperature of 110 ° C. or higher, respectively. And the higher pressure of the cold pressure process and the hot pressure process in the second pressure process is the higher of the cold pressure process and the hot pressure process in the first pressure process. The method for producing a structural plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressing pressure of the sheet is lower than the lower pressing pressure. 前記合板間に介在させた単板に用いた低比重の木材は、比重が0.1〜0.4である、請求項1〜5の何れかに記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   The method for producing a structural plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the low specific gravity wood used for the veneer interposed between the plywoods has a specific gravity of 0.1 to 0.4. 前記合板の単板に用いた木材は、比重が0.3〜0.6である、請求項1〜6の何れかに記載の構造用合板の製造方法。   The wood used for the single plate of the plywood is a method for producing a structural plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the specific gravity is 0.3 to 0.6. 請求項1〜7の何れかに記載の構造用合板の製造方法により得られた構造用合板。   A structural plywood obtained by the method for producing a structural plywood according to claim 1.
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JP2017113947A (en) * 2015-12-22 2017-06-29 株式会社ユニウッドコーポレーション Laminate composite woody material and manufacturing method thereof
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