JP2009254570A - X-ray diagnostic apparatus - Google Patents

X-ray diagnostic apparatus Download PDF

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JP2009254570A
JP2009254570A JP2008107016A JP2008107016A JP2009254570A JP 2009254570 A JP2009254570 A JP 2009254570A JP 2008107016 A JP2008107016 A JP 2008107016A JP 2008107016 A JP2008107016 A JP 2008107016A JP 2009254570 A JP2009254570 A JP 2009254570A
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fluoroscopic image
top plate
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JP5110295B2 (en
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Yusuke Miura
裕介 三浦
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Shimadzu Corp
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an X-ray diagnostic apparatus capable of accurately measuring dimension of an imaging object from an X-ray fluoroscopic image. <P>SOLUTION: An X-ray tube 2 and an FPD 3 are disposed at first operation positions positioned at the right and left of a top plate 1 or second operation positions positioned at the upper and lower parts of the top plate. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprises: a first imaging part 16 for moving the X-ray tube and the FPD in the longitudinal direction of a subject M at the first operation position and performing imaging at a plurality of positions during the movement; a reference data acquisition part for measuring the position in the subject of the imaging object on the basis of the X-ray fluoroscopic image imaged by the first imaging part and recording the measured value as reference data together with the positions of the X-ray tube and the FPD to the top plate during imaging; a second imaging part 19 for referring to the reference data, moving the X-ray tube and an X-ray detector in the longitudinal direction of the subject so as to fix the enlargement rate of the imaging object in the subject and imaging the X-ray fluoroscopic image during the movement; and an X-ray fluoroscopic image output part 20 for outputting the X-ray fluoroscopic image imaged by the second imaging part. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、Ｘ線管から被検体に対してＸ線を照射し、被検体からの透過Ｘ線をＸ線検出器によって検出することにより、被検体のＸ線透視像を撮影するＸ線診断装置に関するものである。   The present invention irradiates a subject with X-rays from an X-ray tube and detects X-ray fluoroscopic images of the subject by detecting transmitted X-rays from the subject with an X-ray detector. It relates to the device.

従来のＸ線診断装置においては、Ｘ線管およびＸ線検出器が天板を挟んで対向するように支持アームに取り付けられ、支持アームおよび天板が相対移動せしめられることによって、Ｘ線管およびＸ線検出器の対が天板の長手方向に沿って互いに同一方向に移動せしめられ、その移動の間に、Ｘ線管から被検体に対してＸ線が順次照射され、その都度被検体からの透過Ｘ線がＸ線検出器によって検出されて、複数のＸ線透視像が撮影されるようになっている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）。   In a conventional X-ray diagnostic apparatus, an X-ray tube and an X-ray detector are attached to a support arm so as to face each other with the top plate interposed therebetween, and the support arm and the top plate are moved relative to each other. A pair of X-ray detectors are moved in the same direction along the longitudinal direction of the top plate, and during the movement, X-rays are sequentially irradiated from the X-ray tube to the subject. The transmitted X-rays are detected by an X-ray detector, and a plurality of X-ray fluoroscopic images are taken (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

得られたＸ線透視像はモニタに表示されまたはプリントアウトされ、医師による診断や治療に用いられる。そして、例えば、人体下肢の血管内治療においては、Ｘ線透視像に基づいて血管の寸法が測定されることによって血管の断面情報や３次元的構造情報が取得され、診断がなされ、また、治療に必要な器具や材料等が決定される。   The obtained X-ray fluoroscopic image is displayed on a monitor or printed out and used for diagnosis and treatment by a doctor. For example, in intravascular treatment of the human lower limb, blood vessel cross-sectional information and three-dimensional structure information are obtained by measuring the size of the blood vessel based on a fluoroscopic image, and diagnosis is performed. Necessary instruments and materials are determined.

ところで、Ｘ線診断装置によって取得されるＸ線透視像は２次元の投影像であるから、Ｘ線管、被検体中の撮影対象およびＸ線検出器の位置関係が変動すると、その撮影対象のＸ線透過像中の拡大率が変動する。すなわち、図６に示すように、Ｘ線管２１、天板２２およびＸ線検出器２３の位置が固定されているとき、被検体２４中の浅い位置にある撮影対象２５と、深い位置にある撮影対象２６とではＸ線透視像２７中におけるその拡大率が異なる。したがって、Ｘ線透視像から撮影対象の実際の寸法を精度良く測定するためには、Ｘ線管２１、天板２２およびＸ線検出器２３の位置関係と、撮影方向に沿ったその撮影対象の被検体２４中の深さが知られていなければならない。特に、血管等の組織については、体内のどの深さ位置にあるかは個体差があるので、一方向から撮影したＸ線透過像だけでは実際の寸法を測定することが難しい。   By the way, since the X-ray fluoroscopic image acquired by the X-ray diagnostic apparatus is a two-dimensional projection image, if the positional relationship between the X-ray tube, the imaging target in the subject and the X-ray detector fluctuates, The magnification in the X-ray transmission image varies. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, when the positions of the X-ray tube 21, the top plate 22, and the X-ray detector 23 are fixed, the imaging object 25 is located in a shallow position in the subject 24 and is in a deep position. The magnification in the X-ray fluoroscopic image 27 is different from that of the imaging target 26. Therefore, in order to accurately measure the actual size of the imaging target from the X-ray fluoroscopic image, the positional relationship between the X-ray tube 21, the top plate 22 and the X-ray detector 23 and the imaging target along the imaging direction. The depth in the subject 24 must be known. In particular, with regard to tissues such as blood vessels, there is an individual difference in which depth position in the body, so it is difficult to measure the actual dimensions only with an X-ray transmission image taken from one direction.

しかしながら、従来のＸ線診断装置を用いた人体下肢の血管治療においては、Ｘ線管、天板およびＸ線検出器の位置関係や、大腿部からつま先に向かって先細り状になっているという下肢の構造、および下肢中の血管の深さ等は考慮されず、一方向から撮影されたＸ線透過像に基づいて、血管の寸法が測定され、その測定結果が診断や治療に用いられていた。このため、Ｘ線透視像に基づいて測定された血管の寸法と、実際の寸法とが大きく異なる場合があり、正確な診断および的確な治療を行うことができない場合があるという問題があった。
特開２００４−２６１５２８号公報 特開２００７−２６０２５０号公報 However, in the vascular treatment of the lower limbs of the human body using a conventional X-ray diagnostic device, the positional relationship between the X-ray tube, the top plate and the X-ray detector and the taper shape from the thigh to the toes are said to be tapered. The structure of the lower limbs and the depth of the blood vessels in the lower limbs are not taken into account, and the dimensions of the blood vessels are measured based on X-ray transmission images taken from one direction, and the measurement results are used for diagnosis and treatment. It was. For this reason, the dimension of the blood vessel measured based on the fluoroscopic image may be greatly different from the actual dimension, and there is a problem that accurate diagnosis and accurate treatment may not be performed.
JP 2004-261528 A JP 2007-260250 A

したがって、本発明の課題は、Ｘ線透視像から撮影対象の寸法を精度良く測定することができるＸ線診断装置を提供することにある。   Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an X-ray diagnostic apparatus that can accurately measure the size of an object to be imaged from an X-ray fluoroscopic image.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、被検体が載置される天板と、前記被検体に向けてＸ線を照射するＸ線管と、前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を検出するＸ線検出器と、前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を、それらが前記天板を挟んで対向するように支持する支持部と、前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させる移動機構と、前記天板に対する前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器の位置を検出する相対位置検出部と、前記移動機構を制御して、前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を、前記天板の左右にそれぞれ位置する第１動作位置、または前記天板の上下にそれぞれ位置する第２動作位置に配置する動作位置切替部と、前記第１動作位置において、前記Ｘ線管からＸ線を前記被検体に照射し、前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を前記Ｘ線検出器によって検出し、第１のＸ線透視像を撮影する第１撮影部と、前記第１のＸ線透視像に基づき、撮影対象の前記被検体中における位置を測定し、その測定値を、当該撮影時の前記相対位置検出部の検出値とともに基準データとして記録する基準データ取得部と、を備え、前記基準データ取得部は、前記第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分を特定する撮影対象特定手段と、前記第１のＸ線透視像中の前記撮影対象部分の位置を測定する撮影対象位置測定手段と、を有しており、さらに、前記第２動作位置において、前記基準データ、並びに前記相対位置検出部の検出値を参照しつつ前記移動機構を制御して、撮影すべき第２のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象の拡大率が一定になるように前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させて前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を前記被検体の長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に、前記Ｘ線管から前記被検体に対してＸ線を順次照射し、その都度前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を前記Ｘ線検出器によって検出して、前記第２のＸ線透視像を撮影する第２撮影部と、前記第２のＸ線透視像を出力するＸ線透視像出力部と、を備えたことを特徴とするＸ線診断装置を構成したものである。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a top plate on which a subject is placed, an X-ray tube that irradiates the subject with X-rays, and X that detects transmitted X-rays from the subject. A line detector, a support unit that supports the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector so that they face each other with the top plate interposed therebetween, and a moving mechanism that relatively moves the support unit and the top plate, A relative position detector that detects the positions of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector with respect to the top plate, and the movement mechanism are controlled so that the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector are placed on the left and right sides of the top plate. X-rays from the X-ray tube at the first operation position and the operation position switching unit disposed at the first operation position respectively positioned at the second operation position positioned above and below the top plate, or the subject. The transmitted X-ray from the subject is irradiated by the X-ray detector. A first imaging unit that detects and captures a first X-ray fluoroscopic image, and measures a position of the imaging target in the subject based on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image, and the measurement value is measured by the imaging A reference data acquisition unit that records as reference data together with the detection value of the relative position detection unit at the time, and the reference data acquisition unit specifies an imaging target part in the first fluoroscopic image Specifying means, and imaging target position measuring means for measuring the position of the imaging target portion in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image, and at the second operating position, the reference data, and The support unit and the top plate are controlled such that the moving mechanism is controlled with reference to the detection value of the relative position detection unit so that the magnification of the imaging target in the second X-ray fluoroscopic image to be imaged is constant. Relative movement of the X-ray tube and the X-ray The extractor is moved in the longitudinal direction of the subject, and during the movement, the subject is sequentially irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray tube, and each time the transmitted X-rays from the subject are irradiated with the X-ray. A second imaging unit that detects the second X-ray fluoroscopic image detected by a line detector and an X-ray fluoroscopic image output unit that outputs the second X-ray fluoroscopic image are provided. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus is configured.

上記構成において、好ましくは、前記撮影対象特定手段は、前記第１のＸ線透視像をディスプレイに表示し、操作者から、前記ディスプレイに表示した前記第１のＸ線透視像中の前記撮影対象部分の位置を特定する入力を受けるようになっており、また好ましくは、前記撮影対象特定部は、前記第１のＸ線透視像を画像処理することにより前記撮影対象部分を特定するようになっている。   In the above configuration, preferably, the imaging target specifying unit displays the first X-ray fluoroscopic image on a display, and the imaging target in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image displayed on the display is displayed by an operator. An input for specifying the position of the part is received, and preferably, the imaging target specifying unit specifies the imaging target part by performing image processing on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image. ing.

また、前記第１撮影部は、前記第１動作位置において、前記移動機構を制御して、前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させることにより前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を前記被検体の長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に複数の位置において前記第１のＸ線透視像を撮影することが好ましい。
また、前記Ｘ線診断装置は、前記第１撮影部によって撮影されなかった撮影対象があった場合に、前記基準データ取得部に記録された基準データのうち、前記被検体の長手方向に沿った当該撮影対象の前後において取得されたデータに基づき、補間計算によって、当該撮影対象の前記被検体中における位置の推定測定値および対応する前記相対位置検出部の推定検出値を算出し、基準データとして前記基準データ取得部に記録する補間計算部をさらに備えていることが好ましく、また、前記第２のＸ線透視像から、前記拡大率に基づき前記被検体中の撮影対象の寸法を測定し、測定値を出力する寸法測定部をさらに備えていることが好ましい。 Further, the first imaging unit controls the moving mechanism at the first operation position to move the support unit and the top plate relative to each other so that the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector are moved. It is preferable that the specimen is moved in the longitudinal direction, and the first X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken at a plurality of positions during the movement.
Further, the X-ray diagnostic apparatus may be arranged along the longitudinal direction of the subject in the reference data recorded in the reference data acquisition unit when there is an imaging target that has not been imaged by the first imaging unit. Based on data acquired before and after the imaging target, an estimated measurement value of the position of the imaging target in the subject and a corresponding estimated detection value of the relative position detection unit are calculated by interpolation calculation, and used as reference data It is preferable to further include an interpolation calculation unit for recording in the reference data acquisition unit, and from the second X-ray fluoroscopic image, measure the size of the imaging target in the subject based on the magnification rate, It is preferable to further include a dimension measuring unit that outputs a measurement value.

また好ましくは、前記移動機構は、前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器の対が前記天板に対して前記天板の長手方向に移動するとともに前記天板の長手方向中心軸に垂直な面内において前記長手方向中心軸のまわりに少なくとも９０°回転するように前記支持部を移動させる支持部移動機構と、前記天板を上下方向に移動させる移動機構と、からなっている。
また、前記支持部は支持アームからなり、前記支持アームの一端側に前記Ｘ線管が取り付けられ、他端側には前記Ｘ線検出器が取り付けられることが好ましく、また、好ましくは、前記被検体中の撮影対象は、人体の下肢の血管である。 Further preferably, the moving mechanism is a plane in which the pair of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector moves in the longitudinal direction of the top plate with respect to the top plate and is perpendicular to the central axis in the longitudinal direction of the top plate. A support part moving mechanism for moving the support part so as to rotate at least 90 ° around the central axis in the longitudinal direction, and a moving mechanism for moving the top plate in the vertical direction.
In addition, the support portion includes a support arm, and the X-ray tube is preferably attached to one end side of the support arm, and the X-ray detector is preferably attached to the other end side. A subject to be imaged in the sample is a blood vessel of a lower limb of a human body.

本発明によれば、被検体中の撮影対象を、互いに直交する２方向からＸ線撮影するようにし、１の方向から撮影したＸ線透視像に基づいて撮影対象の被検体内における深さを測定しておき、次に、その測定値を参照して、該方向に直交する方向から、撮影対象の拡大率が一定になるように撮影を行うようにしたので、得られたＸ線透視像から撮影対象の寸法を高い精度で測定することができ、それによって、正確な診断および的確な治療が可能となる。   According to the present invention, an imaging target in a subject is X-rayed from two directions orthogonal to each other, and the depth in the subject of the imaging target is determined based on an X-ray fluoroscopic image taken from one direction. X-ray fluoroscopic image obtained by measuring and then referring to the measured value and performing imaging so that the magnification of the imaging target is constant from the direction orthogonal to the direction. Therefore, it is possible to measure the size of the object to be imaged with high accuracy, thereby enabling accurate diagnosis and accurate treatment.

以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の好ましい実施例について説明する。図１は、本発明の１実施例によるＸ線診断装置の概略構成を示す側面図であり、図２は、図１の矢印Ｘ方向に見た図である。また、図３は、図１のＸ線診断装置の平面図であり、図４は、図３の矢印Ｙ方向に見た図である。なお、図４中、天板移動機構１２は省略してある。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a view seen in the direction of arrow X in FIG. 3 is a plan view of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a view seen in the direction of arrow Y in FIG. In FIG. 4, the top plate moving mechanism 12 is omitted.

図１を参照して、本発明によれば、被検体Ｍが載置される天板１と、被検体Ｍに向けてＸ線を照射するＸ線管２と、被検体Ｍからの透過Ｘ線を検出するＸ線検出器３と、Ｘ線管２およびＸ線検出器３を、それらが天板１を挟んで対向するように支持する支持部４が備えられる。Ｘ線検出器３は、この実施例では、ＦＰＤ（フラットパネル型Ｘ線検出器）からなっているが、ＦＰＤの代わりに、Ｉ．Ｉ．（Ｘ線蛍光増倍管）およびＴＶカメラ、あるいはＩＰ（イメージングプレート）等の任意の公知のＸ線検出器を用いることができる。また、支持部４は、この実施例では、Ｃ字状アームからなっているが、Ｃ字状アームの代わりに、任意の形状の支持アームを用いることができ、あるいは支持部をアーム以外の構造にしてもよい。
この実施例では、Ｘ線管２はＣ字状アーム４の一端側に取り付けられ、ＦＰＤ３はＣ字状アーム４の他端側に取り付けられている。 Referring to FIG. 1, according to the present invention, a top plate 1 on which a subject M is placed, an X-ray tube 2 that emits X-rays toward the subject M, and a transmission X from the subject M An X-ray detector 3 that detects a line, and a support portion 4 that supports the X-ray tube 2 and the X-ray detector 3 so as to face each other with the top plate 1 interposed therebetween are provided. In this embodiment, the X-ray detector 3 is composed of an FPD (flat panel X-ray detector). I. Any known X-ray detector such as (X-ray fluorescence multiplier) and TV camera, or IP (imaging plate) can be used. Further, in this embodiment, the support portion 4 is composed of a C-shaped arm, but a support arm having an arbitrary shape can be used instead of the C-shaped arm, or the support portion has a structure other than the arm. It may be.
In this embodiment, the X-ray tube 2 is attached to one end side of the C-shaped arm 4, and the FPD 3 is attached to the other end side of the C-shaped arm 4.

また、Ｃ字状アーム４を支持するとともに、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の対が天板１に対して天板１の長手方向に移動し、かつ天板１の長手方向中心軸に垂直な面内において長手方向中心軸のまわりに少なくとも９０°回転するようにＣ字状アーム４を移動させるアーム移動機構が備えられる。アーム移動機構は、床面１１に配置され、天板１の長手方向にのびるガイドレール７と、ガイドレール７にスライド運動可能に取り付けられた支柱部５と、ガイドレール７の両端側にそれぞれ垂直な回転軸のまわりに回転可能に設けられた一対のロール９ａ、９ｂと、一対のロール９ａ、９ｂ間に張られたエンドレスベルト１０と、一方のロール９ａを回転させるモータ８と、を有している。そして、支柱部５がエンドレスベルト１０に固定され、モータ８によってエンドレスベルト１０が双方向に回転駆動せしめられることにより、支柱部５がガイドレール７に沿って往復スライド運動し得るようになっている。   Further, the C-shaped arm 4 is supported, and the pair of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 moves in the longitudinal direction of the top plate 1 with respect to the top plate 1 and is a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal center axis of the top plate 1 An arm moving mechanism is provided for moving the C-shaped arm 4 so as to rotate at least 90 ° around the central longitudinal axis. The arm moving mechanism is arranged on the floor surface 11 and extends vertically in the guide rail 7 extending in the longitudinal direction of the top plate 1, the support column 5 attached to the guide rail 7 so as to be slidable, and both ends of the guide rail 7. A pair of rolls 9a and 9b that are rotatably provided around a rotating shaft, an endless belt 10 stretched between the pair of rolls 9a and 9b, and a motor 8 that rotates the one roll 9a. ing. The support column 5 is fixed to the endless belt 10, and the endless belt 10 is driven to rotate in both directions by the motor 8, whereby the support column 5 can reciprocate along the guide rail 7. .

Ｃ字状アーム４は、保持部６によって支柱部５に連結されている。支柱部５は、保持部６を、天板１の長手方向中心軸に垂直な平面内において、該中心軸のまわりに９０°回転させ、それによって、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３は、天板１の左右にそれぞれ位置する第１動作位置（図３および図４参照）、または天板１の上下にそれぞれ位置する第２動作位置（図１および図２参照）に配置され得るようになっている。
天板１は、天板移動機構１２によって支持されるとともに、上下方向に移動可能になっている。
また、本発明によれば、天板１に対するＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の位置を検出する相対位置検出部１３が備えられる。相対位置検出部１３は、ローラ９ａの回転軸に備えられたエンコーダからの出力信号に基づき、天板１の長手方向に測定されるＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の天板１に対する位置を検出する。一方、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の光軸を結ぶ直線方向に測定されるＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３のそれぞれの天板１に対する位置については、天板１および保持部６のそれぞれの床面１１からの高さ、保持部６に対するＣ字状アームの幾何学的配置、並びにＣ字状アームに対するＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の幾何学的配置がそれぞれ予め知られているので、相対位置検出部１３は、それらに基づく計算によって求めたものを検出値とする。 The C-shaped arm 4 is connected to the support column 5 by a holding unit 6. The support column 5 rotates the holding unit 6 by 90 ° around the central axis in a plane perpendicular to the central axis in the longitudinal direction of the top plate 1, whereby the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are connected to the top plate 1. The first operation position (see FIGS. 3 and 4) located on the left and right of the top plate 1 or the second operation position (see FIGS. 1 and 2) located respectively on the top and bottom of the top plate 1 can be arranged. .
The top plate 1 is supported by the top plate moving mechanism 12 and is movable in the vertical direction.
Further, according to the present invention, the relative position detector 13 for detecting the positions of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 with respect to the top board 1 is provided. The relative position detector 13 detects the position of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 with respect to the top plate 1 measured in the longitudinal direction of the top plate 1 based on an output signal from an encoder provided on the rotating shaft of the roller 9a. On the other hand, the positions of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 with respect to the top plate 1 measured in the linear direction connecting the optical axes of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are determined from the respective floor surfaces 11 of the top plate 1 and the holding unit 6. , The geometrical arrangement of the C-shaped arm with respect to the holding unit 6, and the geometrical arrangement of the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 with respect to the C-shaped arm are known in advance. Then, a value obtained by calculation based on them is set as a detection value.

さらに、支柱部５を制御して、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３を、第１動作位置または第２動作位置に配置する動作位置切替部１５が備えられる。また、第１撮影部１６が備えられ、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３が第１動作位置に配置されるとき（図３および図４参照）、モータ８および天板移動機構１２を制御して、Ｃ字状アーム４を天板１に対して移動させて、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３を被検体Ｍの長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に、複数の位置においてＸ線管２からＸ線を被検体Ｍに照射し、被検体Ｍからの透過Ｘ線をＦＰＤ３によって検出し、第１のＸ線透視像を撮影するようになっている。   Furthermore, an operation position switching unit 15 that controls the support column 5 and arranges the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 at the first operation position or the second operation position is provided. In addition, when the first imaging unit 16 is provided and the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are disposed at the first operation position (see FIGS. 3 and 4), the motor 8 and the top plate moving mechanism 12 are controlled to perform C The character-shaped arm 4 is moved with respect to the top plate 1 to move the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 in the longitudinal direction of the subject M. During the movement, X-rays are emitted from the X-ray tube 2 at a plurality of positions. The subject M is irradiated, the transmitted X-rays from the subject M are detected by the FPD 3, and the first X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken.

また、第１のＸ線透視像に基づき、撮影対象の被検体Ｍ中における位置を測定し、その測定値を、当該撮影時の相対位置検出部の検出値（この場合は、天板１の長手方向に測定されるＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３の天板１に対する位置）とともに基準データとして記録する基準データ取得部１７が備えられる。基準データ取得部１７は、第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分を特定する撮影対象特定手段１７ａと、第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分の位置を測定する撮影対象位置測定手段１７ｂを有している。
撮影対象特定手段１７ａは、第１のＸ線透視像をディスプレイに表示し、例えば、操作者に対し、マウスを用いて、ディスプレイ表示された第１のＸ線透視像ディスプレイに表示した第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分にポインタを置いてマウスボタンをクリックさせることによって、第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分を特定する入力を受けるようになっている。あるいは、撮影対象特定手段１７ａは、第１のＸ線透視像を画像処理することにより撮影対象部分を特定するようになっている。これは、例えば、撮影対象部分に対して予め決定された画素値の閾値に基づいて第１のＸ線透視像のデータを２値化処理し、撮影対象部分を抽出することによってなされる。 Further, based on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image, the position in the subject M to be imaged is measured, and the measured value is used as the detection value of the relative position detection unit at the time of imaging (in this case, the top plate 1 A reference data acquisition unit 17 that records the reference data together with the X-ray tube 2 and the position of the FPD 3 with respect to the top plate 1 measured in the longitudinal direction is provided. The reference data acquisition unit 17 includes an imaging target specifying unit 17a that specifies an imaging target part in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image, and an imaging target position measurement that measures the position of the imaging target part in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image. Means 17b are provided.
The imaging target specifying unit 17a displays the first X-ray fluoroscopic image on the display. For example, the first X-ray fluoroscopic image displayed on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image display is displayed for the operator using a mouse. By placing the pointer on the part to be imaged in the fluoroscopic image and clicking the mouse button, an input for specifying the part to be imaged in the first fluoroscopic image is received. Alternatively, the imaging target specifying unit 17a specifies the imaging target part by performing image processing on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image. This is done, for example, by binarizing the data of the first X-ray fluoroscopic image based on a predetermined threshold value of the pixel value for the imaging target portion and extracting the imaging target portion.

第１撮影部１６によって撮影されなかった撮影対象があった場合には、補間計算部１８が、基準データ取得部１７に記録された基準データのうち、被検体Ｍの長手方向に沿った当該撮影対象の前後において取得されたデータに基づき、補間計算によって、当該撮影対象の被検体Ｍ中における位置の推定測定値および対応する相対位置検出部１３の推定検出値を算出し、基準データとして基準データ取得部１７に記録する。   When there is an imaging target that has not been captured by the first imaging unit 16, the interpolation calculation unit 18 performs the imaging along the longitudinal direction of the subject M among the reference data recorded in the reference data acquisition unit 17. Based on the data acquired before and after the object, an estimated measurement value of the position in the subject M to be imaged and a corresponding estimated detection value of the relative position detector 13 are calculated by interpolation calculation, and reference data is used as reference data. Record in the acquisition unit 17.

この実施例では、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３が第１動作位置に配置されるとき、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３を被検体Ｍの長手方向に移動させて、複数の位置で第１のＸ線透視像を撮影する構成としているが、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３が第１動作位置に配置されるときに、適当な一箇所でのみ第１のＸ線透視像を撮影し、そのＸ線透視像に基づいて基準データを取得する構成とすることもできる。   In this embodiment, when the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are arranged at the first operation position, the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are moved in the longitudinal direction of the subject M, and the first X-ray fluoroscopy is performed at a plurality of positions. The X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are arranged at the first operation position, and the first X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken only at an appropriate position and the X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken. It can also be set as the structure which acquires reference | standard data based on it.

さらに第２撮影部１９が備えられ、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３が第２動作位置に配置されるとき（図１および図２参照）、基準データ、並びに相対位置検出部１３の検出値を参照しつつ、モータ８および天板移動機構１２を制御して、撮影すべき第２のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象の拡大率が一定になるようにＣ字状アーム４および天板１を相対移動させてＸ線管２およびＦＰＤ３を被検体Ｍの長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に、Ｘ線管２から被検体Ｍに対してＸ線を順次照射し、その都度被検体Ｍからの透過Ｘ線をＦＰＤ３によって検出して、第２のＸ線透視像を撮影するようになっている。
第２のＸ線透視像は、Ｘ線透視像出力部１９によって、例えばプリントアウトまたはモニタ表示の形態で出力される。 Further, when the second imaging unit 19 is provided and the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are arranged at the second operation position (see FIGS. 1 and 2), the reference data and the detection value of the relative position detection unit 13 are referred to. Meanwhile, the motor 8 and the top plate moving mechanism 12 are controlled to relatively move the C-shaped arm 4 and the top plate 1 so that the magnification of the object to be imaged in the second fluoroscopic image to be imaged becomes constant. The X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 are moved in the longitudinal direction of the subject M. During the movement, X-rays are sequentially irradiated from the X-ray tube 2 to the subject M. A transmitted X-ray is detected by the FPD 3 and a second X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken.
The second X-ray fluoroscopic image is output by the X-ray fluoroscopic image output unit 19 in the form of a printout or a monitor display, for example.

本発明のＸ線診断装置の動作について、この装置を人体の下肢の血管内治療に使用した場合について具体的に説明する。図５を参照して、まず、Ｘ線管およびＦＰＤが第１動作位置にあるとき、人体下肢（被検体Ｍ）の複数の位置（関心領域）（i）、（ii）、（iii）において、第１撮影部１６によって第１のＸ線透視像が撮影される。得られた各Ｘ線透視像のデータが基準データ取得部１７において画像処理され、下肢中の治療対象となる血管（撮影対象）Ｎの天板１からの距離が測定され、その測定値が、当該撮影時の相対位置検出部の検出値とともに基準データとして基準データ取得部１７に記録される。
この場合、撮影されなかった血管部分があったときは、補間計算部１８において、当該血管部分の前後に位置する血管部分の測定データに基づいて、補間計算によって当該血管部分の天板１からの距離の推定測定値が算出され、対応する相対位置検出部１３の推定検出値とともに基準データ取得部１７に記録される。 The operation of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention will be specifically described in the case where this apparatus is used for endovascular treatment of the lower limbs of a human body. Referring to FIG. 5, first, when the X-ray tube and the FPD are in the first operation position, at a plurality of positions (regions of interest) (i), (ii), and (iii) of the human lower limb (subject M). A first X-ray fluoroscopic image is captured by the first imaging unit 16. The obtained data of each X-ray fluoroscopic image is subjected to image processing in the reference data acquisition unit 17, the distance of the blood vessel (imaging target) N to be treated in the lower limb from the top plate 1 is measured, and the measured value is It is recorded in the reference data acquisition unit 17 as reference data together with the detection value of the relative position detection unit at the time of photographing.
In this case, when there is a blood vessel portion that has not been imaged, the interpolation calculation unit 18 performs interpolation calculation from the top plate 1 of the blood vessel portion based on the measurement data of the blood vessel portion located before and after the blood vessel portion. The estimated measured value of the distance is calculated and recorded in the reference data acquisition unit 17 together with the estimated detection value of the corresponding relative position detection unit 13.

次に、Ｘ線管およびＦＰＤが第２動作位置に配置され、第２撮影部１９によって、Ｘ線管２および天板１間の距離と、ＦＰＤ３および天板１間の距離と、基準データ取得部１７に記録された基準データと、相対位置検出部１３の検出値とを参照しながら、天板１の高さを調節してＸ線透視像中の血管Ｎの拡大率が一定となるようにしつつ、Ｘ線管２およびＦＰＤ３を天板１に対して移動させることによって第２のＸ線透視像が撮影される。そして、Ｘ線透視像がＸ線透視像出力部２０から出力される。   Next, the X-ray tube and the FPD are disposed at the second operation position, and the second imaging unit 19 acquires the distance between the X-ray tube 2 and the top plate 1, the distance between the FPD 3 and the top plate 1, and the reference data acquisition. While referring to the reference data recorded in the unit 17 and the detection value of the relative position detection unit 13, the height of the top plate 1 is adjusted so that the enlargement ratio of the blood vessel N in the X-ray fluoroscopic image becomes constant. The second X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken by moving the X-ray tube 2 and the FPD 3 with respect to the top plate 1. An X-ray fluoroscopic image is output from the X-ray fluoroscopic image output unit 20.

こうして、本発明によるＸ線診断装置によれば、出力されたＸ線透視像のいずれにおいても撮影対象が同じ拡大率で撮影されているので、得られたＸ線透視像から撮影対象の寸法を高い精度で測定することができ、そして、その測定値に基づいて正確な診断および的確な治療ができる。   Thus, according to the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of the present invention, since the imaging target is captured at the same magnification in any of the output X-ray fluoroscopic images, the size of the imaging target is determined from the obtained X-ray fluoroscopic image. Measurement can be performed with high accuracy, and accurate diagnosis and accurate treatment can be performed based on the measured value.

別の実施例によれば、さらに、第２撮影部１９によって撮影されたＸ線透視像から、対応する拡大率に基づき、画像処理を行うことによって被検体Ｍ中の撮影対象の寸法を測定し、測定値を出力する寸法測定部が備えられる。   According to another embodiment, the size of the imaging target in the subject M is further measured from the X-ray fluoroscopic image captured by the second imaging unit 19 by performing image processing based on the corresponding magnification. A dimension measuring unit for outputting the measured value is provided.

本発明の１実施例によるＸ線診断装置の概略構成を示す側面図である。1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention. 図１の矢印Ｘ方向に見た図である。It is the figure seen in the arrow X direction of FIG. 図１のＸ線診断装置の平面図である。It is a top view of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of FIG. 図３の矢印Ｙ方向に見た図であり、図中、天板移動機構は省略してある。It is the figure seen from the arrow Y direction of FIG. 3, and the top plate moving mechanism is abbreviate | omitted in the figure. 本発明のＸ線診断装置を人体下肢の血管内治療に使用した場合の動作方法を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the operation | movement method at the time of using the X-ray diagnostic apparatus of this invention for the endovascular treatment of a human body leg. 被検体中の撮影対象の深さと、Ｘ線透過像中における拡大率との関係を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the relationship between the depth of the to-be-photographed object in a subject, and the magnification in an X-ray transmission image.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 天板
２ Ｘ線管
３ ＦＰＤ
４ Ｃ字状アーム
５ 支柱部
６ 保持部
７ ガイドレール
８ モータ
９ａ、９ｂ ローラ
１０ エンドレスベルト
１１ 床面
１２ 天板移動機構
１３ 相対位置検出部
１５ 動作位置切替部
１６ 第１撮影部
１７ 基準データ取得部
１７ａ 撮影対象特定手段
１７ｂ 撮影対象位置測定手段
１８ 補完計算部
１９ 第２撮影部
２０ Ｘ線透視像出力部
２１ Ｘ線管
２２ 天板
２３ Ｘ線検出器
２４ 被検体
２５、２６ 撮影対象
２７ Ｘ線透視像
Ｍ 被検体
Ｎ 血管（撮影対象） 1 Top plate 2 X-ray tube 3 FPD
4 C-shaped arm 5 Post unit 6 Holding unit 7 Guide rail 8 Motor 9a, 9b Roller 10 Endless belt 11 Floor 12 Top plate moving mechanism 13 Relative position detection unit 15 Operation position switching unit 16 First imaging unit 17 Reference data acquisition Unit 17a imaging target specifying unit 17b imaging target position measuring unit 18 complementary calculation unit 19 second imaging unit 20 X-ray fluoroscopic image output unit 21 X-ray tube 22 top plate 23 X-ray detector 24 subject 25, 26 imaging target 27 X Fluoroscopic image M Subject N Blood vessel (target)

Claims (9)

被検体が載置される天板と、
前記被検体に向けてＸ線を照射するＸ線管と、
前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を検出するＸ線検出器と、
前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を、それらが前記天板を挟んで対向するように支持する支持部と、
前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させる移動機構と、
前記天板に対する前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器の位置を検出する相対位置検出部と、
前記移動機構を制御して、前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を、前記天板の左右にそれぞれ位置する第１動作位置、または前記天板の上下にそれぞれ位置する第２動作位置に配置する動作位置切替部と、
前記第１動作位置において、前記Ｘ線管からＸ線を前記被検体に照射し、前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を前記Ｘ線検出器によって検出し、第１のＸ線透視像を撮影する第１撮影部と、
前記第１のＸ線透視像に基づき、撮影対象の前記被検体中における位置を測定し、その測定値を、当該撮影時の前記相対位置検出部の検出値とともに基準データとして記録する基準データ取得部と、を備え、前記基準データ取得部は、前記第１のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象部分を特定する撮影対象特定手段と、前記第１のＸ線透視像中の前記撮影対象部分の位置を測定する撮影対象位置測定手段と、を有しており、さらに、
前記第２動作位置において、前記基準データ、並びに前記相対位置検出部の検出値を参照しつつ前記移動機構を制御して、撮影すべき第２のＸ線透視像中の撮影対象の拡大率が一定になるように前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させて前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を前記被検体の長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に、前記Ｘ線管から前記被検体に対してＸ線を順次照射し、その都度前記被検体からの透過Ｘ線を前記Ｘ線検出器によって検出して、前記第２のＸ線透視像を撮影する第２撮影部と、
前記第２のＸ線透視像を出力するＸ線透視像出力部と、を備えたことを特徴とするＸ線診断装置。 A top plate on which the subject is placed;
An X-ray tube for irradiating the subject with X-rays;
An X-ray detector for detecting transmitted X-rays from the subject;
A support part for supporting the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector so that they face each other with the top plate interposed therebetween;
A moving mechanism for relatively moving the support portion and the top plate;
A relative position detector for detecting positions of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector with respect to the top plate;
By controlling the moving mechanism, the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector are arranged at a first operation position located on the left and right of the top plate, or at a second operation position located above and below the top plate, respectively. An operation position switching unit to
In the first operating position, the subject is irradiated with X-rays from the X-ray tube, transmitted X-rays from the subject are detected by the X-ray detector, and a first X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken. A first photographing unit;
Based on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image, the position of the object to be imaged is measured in the subject, and the measured value is recorded as reference data together with the detection value of the relative position detection unit at the time of imaging. And the reference data acquisition unit includes: an imaging target specifying unit that specifies an imaging target part in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image; and an imaging target part in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image. A photographing object position measuring means for measuring the position, and
In the second operating position, the magnification mechanism of the imaging target in the second fluoroscopic image to be imaged is controlled by controlling the moving mechanism while referring to the reference data and the detection value of the relative position detection unit. The X-ray tube and the X-ray detector are moved in the longitudinal direction of the subject by relatively moving the support portion and the top plate so as to be constant, and the X-ray tube is moved from the X-ray tube during the movement. A second imaging unit that sequentially irradiates the subject with X-rays, detects the transmitted X-rays from the subject each time by the X-ray detector, and images the second X-ray fluoroscopic image;
An X-ray diagnostic apparatus comprising: an X-ray fluoroscopic image output unit that outputs the second X-ray fluoroscopic image. 前記撮影対象特定手段は、前記第１のＸ線透視像をディスプレイに表示し、操作者から、前記ディスプレイに表示した前記第１のＸ線透視像中の前記撮影対象部分の位置を特定する入力を受けることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のＸ線診断装置。   The imaging target specifying means displays the first X-ray fluoroscopic image on a display, and inputs from the operator specifying the position of the imaging target portion in the first X-ray fluoroscopic image displayed on the display The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: 前記撮影対象特定手段は、前記第１のＸ線透視像を画像処理することにより前記撮影対象部分を特定することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のＸ線診断装置。   The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging target specifying unit specifies the imaging target part by performing image processing on the first X-ray fluoroscopic image. 前記第１撮影部は、前記第１動作位置において、前記移動機構を制御して、前記支持部および前記天板を相対移動させることにより前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器を前記被検体の長手方向に移動させ、その移動の間に複数の位置において前記第１のＸ線透視像を撮影することを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項３のいずれかに記載のＸ線診断装置。   The first imaging unit controls the moving mechanism in the first operation position to move the support unit and the top plate relative to each other, thereby moving the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector of the subject. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first X-ray fluoroscopic image is taken at a plurality of positions during the movement in the longitudinal direction. 前記第１撮影部によって撮影されなかった撮影対象があった場合に、前記基準データ取得部に記録された基準データのうち、前記被検体の長手方向に沿った当該撮影対象の前後において取得されたデータに基づき、補間計算によって、当該撮影対象の前記被検体中における位置の推定測定値および対応する前記相対位置検出部の推定検出値を算出し、基準データとして前記基準データ取得部に記録する補間計算部をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項４に記載のＸ線診断装置。   When there was an imaging target that was not captured by the first imaging unit, the reference data recorded in the reference data acquisition unit was acquired before and after the imaging target along the longitudinal direction of the subject. Based on the data, an interpolation calculation that calculates an estimated measurement value of the position of the object to be imaged in the subject and a corresponding estimated detection value of the relative position detection unit, and records the reference data as the reference data in the reference data acquisition unit The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 4, further comprising a calculation unit. 前記第２のＸ線透視像から、前記拡大率に基づき前記被検体中の撮影対象の寸法を測定し、測定値を出力する寸法測定部をさらに備えたことを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項５のいずれかに記載のＸ線診断装置。   2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a dimension measuring unit that measures a dimension of an imaging target in the subject based on the magnification rate from the second X-ray fluoroscopic image and outputs a measurement value. Item 6. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to any one of Items 5. 前記移動機構は、前記Ｘ線管および前記Ｘ線検出器の対が前記天板に対して前記天板の長手方向に移動するとともに前記天板の長手方向中心軸に垂直な面内において前記長手方向中心軸のまわりに少なくとも９０°回転するように前記支持部を移動させる支持部移動機構と、前記天板を上下方向に移動させる天板移動機構と、からなっていることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項６のいずれかに記載のＸ線診断装置。   The moving mechanism is configured such that the pair of the X-ray tube and the X-ray detector moves in the longitudinal direction of the top plate with respect to the top plate, and in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal central axis of the top plate. A support part moving mechanism that moves the support part so as to rotate at least 90 ° around a direction center axis, and a top board moving mechanism that moves the top board up and down. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 前記支持部は支持アームからなり、前記支持アームの一端側に前記Ｘ線管が取り付けられ、他端側には前記Ｘ線検出器が取り付けられることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項７のいずれかに記載のＸ線診断装置。   The said support part consists of a support arm, the said X-ray tube is attached to the one end side of the said support arm, and the said X-ray detector is attached to the other end side. The X-ray diagnostic apparatus in any one. 前記被検体中の撮影対象は、人体の下肢の血管であることを特徴とする請求項１〜請求項８のいずれかに記載のＸ線診断装置。   The X-ray diagnostic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging target in the subject is a blood vessel of a lower limb of a human body.
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