JP2009167084A - 水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法 - Google Patents
水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009167084A JP2009167084A JP2008190923A JP2008190923A JP2009167084A JP 2009167084 A JP2009167084 A JP 2009167084A JP 2008190923 A JP2008190923 A JP 2008190923A JP 2008190923 A JP2008190923 A JP 2008190923A JP 2009167084 A JP2009167084 A JP 2009167084A
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- transition metal
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000002133 porous carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0021—Carbon, e.g. active carbon, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes; Treatment thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
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- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0026—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof of one single metal or a rare earth metal; Treatment thereof
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0078—Composite solid storage mediums, i.e. coherent or loose mixtures of different solid constituents, chemically or structurally heterogeneous solid masses, coated solids or solids having a chemically modified surface region
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/54—Electroplating of non-metallic surfaces
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Abstract
【解決手段】遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法において、
遷移金属板からなる陽極、および比表面積が500〜3000m2/gであり、気孔体積が0.1〜2.0cc/gであり、直径が10〜500nmである多孔性炭素ナノファイバーが電導性支持体に固定されてなる陰極にて構成され、電解めっき槽内に装着した前記陽極と陰極間に0.01〜5.0A/m2の電流密度で15〜300秒間電流を印加することを特徴とする水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法。
【選択図】なし
Description
本発明に使用した多孔性炭素ナノファイバーは化学気相蒸着法(CVD)にて製造した商業化された炭素ナノファイバーを気相酸化法を通して製造した。1,000℃以上の高温で気相酸化して製作し、長さは約100μmであるものを使用し、直径、気孔体積および比表面積は下記表1に示したものを使用した。
本発明では多孔性炭素ナノファイバーに遷移金属を導入するために電解めっき方法を使用し、電解質溶液として、硫化物系および塩化物系金属塩を混合して使用した。陽極と陰極として、各々電気めっきしようとする遷移金属の金属板と、伝導性物質としてセッティングされた多孔性炭素ナノファイバーを使用し、前記遷移金属の種類は下記表1に示したように準備したものを使用した。
1.透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)での観察
本発明による遷移金属の電気めっき前後の多孔性炭素ナノファイバーの形態および遷移金属の粒子直径を測定するために透過電子顕微鏡(TEM)を利用して観察した。
本発明による遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体試料は、573Kの温度で試料内の残留圧力が10-3torr以下となるまで約9〜12時間脱気することで前処理を行った。前記のように前処理した、遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の比表面積は前記複合体試料約0.1gに対して、77Kの温度の液体窒素雰囲気下で窒素気体を吸着質として吸着量を測定した。
本発明による遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の遷移金属の含量は原子吸光光度法(AAS)を利用して測定した。
本発明による遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体に導入した遷移金属の分散率は化学的吸着法により活性領域を求め、これを多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の外部表面積の値で割り、百分率で表した。
本発明による遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体に導入した水素含有量を測定するために、前記遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体試料0.3gを取った。前記試料は573Kで残留圧力を10-3torr以下に維持した状態で6時間脱気させ、以後、BEL−HP(BEL Japan社、BEL High Pressure)を利用して298K、100気圧の条件で水素含有量を測定した。水素含有量の測定方式はstep−by−step方式を使用した。
前記実施例1で製造した遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体をスーパーキャパシティ用電極活物質として使用し、単位セルを製造した。KOH 4Mを電解質としてキャパシタンスを測定した結果、一般活性炭電極が約50F/gであるのに対して、本発明で製造された実施例1を利用した電極の場合、80F/gの高い値を示した。これにより本発明で製造された素材を通し、キャパシティ用電極材としての活用が可能であることを確認した。
Claims (7)
- 遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法において、
遷移金属板からなる陽極、および比表面積が500〜3000m2/gであり、気孔体積が0.1〜2.0cc/gであり、直径が10〜500nmである多孔性炭素ナノファイバーが電導性支持体に固定されてなる陰極にて構成され、
電解めっき槽内に装着した前記陽極と陰極間に0.01〜5.0A/m2の電流密度で15〜300秒間電流を印加することを特徴とする水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体の製造方法。 - 前記遷移金属は白金(Pt)、銅(Cu)、ニッケル(Ni)、銀(Ag)、クロム(Cr)、アルミニウム(Al)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)、ルテニウム(Ru)および亜鉛(Zn)の中から選択される1種の単一金属または2種以上の複合金属であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記遷移金属は遷移金属が担持された多孔性炭素ナノファイバーの全体質量に対し、0.01〜30質量%の範囲で電気めっきすることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 前記遷移金属は粒子サイズが1.5〜20nmの範囲であることを特徴とする、請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項記載の方法にて得られた水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体であって、
水素貯蔵能力が0.01〜3質量%の範囲であり、遷移金属の分散率が担持体の外部比表面積に対し、0.01〜50面積%であることを特徴とする水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体。 - 請求項5記載の水素貯蔵用遷移金属を電気めっきした多孔性炭素ナノファイバー複合体を含むことを特徴とする電気化学素子の電極材料用活物質。
- 前記電気化学素子は燃料電池、二次電池およびスーパーキャパシティの中から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項6記載の電気化学素子の電極材料用活物質。
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