JP2008264985A - 3-axis nc wood lathe machine system - Google Patents

3-axis nc wood lathe machine system Download PDF

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JP2008264985A
JP2008264985A JP2007129843A JP2007129843A JP2008264985A JP 2008264985 A JP2008264985 A JP 2008264985A JP 2007129843 A JP2007129843 A JP 2007129843A JP 2007129843 A JP2007129843 A JP 2007129843A JP 2008264985 A JP2008264985 A JP 2008264985A
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Hiroyuki Hashimoto
裕之 橋本
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Hokkaido Prefecture
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To realize complicated three-dimensional machining by finding a tool passage only by simple computation by using a 3-axis NC wood lathe machine system which is less expensive than a 5-axis control machine tool. <P>SOLUTION: This NC wood lathe machine system carries out the three dimensional machining by the tool passage acquired by finding a rotating central position of a thin disc 3 when the thin disc 3 rolls while making contact with a revolving solid 2 by assuming a disc type tool 1 as the thin disc 3 having thickness by virtually mounting the solid the surface of which is triangular and divided on a revolving shaft free to control a revolving angle on an NC wood lathe machine. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、木工用旋削装置の切削工具として円盤状工具１を用いた場合の立体輪郭加工に必要な工具経路を生成する方法に関する。  The present invention relates to a method for generating a tool path necessary for solid contour machining when a disk-shaped tool 1 is used as a cutting tool of a woodworking turning apparatus.

先ず、従来の技術を列挙する。
円盤状工具１を用いたＮＣ旋盤としてバットや家具の脚、タマゴ形などを加工する２軸同時制御ＮＣ旋盤がある（例えば非特許文献１〜２）。
３次元形状を加工するＮＣ旋盤としては回転工具との組み合わせによるターニングセンタ（例えば特許文献１）、材料の回転軸であるＣ軸に対し直角な平面内に回転軸をもつ円筒状回転工具を用いた自由曲面加工装置（特許文献２）を挙げることができる。
他に３次元形状の加工機には直交３軸と回転２軸の工具姿勢制御軸を持つ５軸加工機がある。
エンドミルを用いた直交３軸ＮＣ加工機による３次元加工に必要な工具経路を得るための技術が様々に発表されている。（例えば、特許文献３）。
以下、上述したそれぞれの従来技術について本発明に関わる特徴を説明する。First, conventional techniques are listed.
As an NC lathe using the disk-shaped tool 1, there are two-axis simultaneous control NC lathes for machining bats, furniture legs, egg shapes, and the like (for example, Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
As an NC lathe for machining a three-dimensional shape, a turning center in combination with a rotary tool (for example, Patent Document 1), a cylindrical rotary tool having a rotation axis in a plane perpendicular to the C axis that is the rotation axis of the material is used. The free curved surface processing apparatus (patent document 2) which had been mentioned can be mentioned.
In addition, there is a five-axis processing machine having three orthogonal tool axes and two rotary tool attitude control axes.
Various techniques for obtaining a tool path necessary for three-dimensional machining by an orthogonal three-axis NC machine using an end mill have been announced. (For example, patent document 3).
Hereinafter, features related to the present invention will be described for each of the above-described conventional techniques.

円盤状工具１を用いた２軸同時制御ＮＣ旋盤の場合には、材料の回転数の高低に関係なく円盤状工具１の切刃における切削速度が極めて高速であることから重切削であっても切削抵抗が軽微で、バイトを用いた旋盤の場合のような少ない切り込みを多数回繰り返すことなしに一度の加工で目標形状に達することができ、生産性が高い。  In the case of a two-axis simultaneous control NC lathe using the disk-shaped tool 1, the cutting speed of the cutting edge of the disk-shaped tool 1 is extremely high regardless of the rotational speed of the material. The cutting force is slight, and the target shape can be reached by one machining without repeating a small number of cuts as in the case of a lathe using a cutting tool, and the productivity is high.

次に、ターニングセンタでは直交３軸と回転２軸の合計５軸の構成であることから面加工や溝加工、および材料の回転に同期した加工によってコンプレッサーのスクリューなどの３次元形状を加工することができる。  Next, since the turning center has a total of 5 axes, 3 orthogonal axes and 2 rotating axes, 3D shapes such as compressor screws are processed by surface processing, grooving, and processing synchronized with material rotation. Can do.

次に、特許文献２の自由曲面加工機では回転軸に対して直角な断面の形状が常に凸面となる形状の加工が出来る。  Next, the free curved surface processing machine disclosed in Patent Document 2 can process a shape in which the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis is always a convex surface.

次に５軸加工機は工具の向きをも制御できるので入り組んだ形状などの複雑な３次元形状の加工が可能である。  Next, since the 5-axis machine can control the direction of the tool, it can process complicated three-dimensional shapes such as complicated shapes.

次に、エンドミルを用いた直交３軸ＮＣ加工機による３次元加工に必要な工具経路を得るための技術では、加工形状に対する法絡面を工具半径だけオフセットした距離に生成し、法絡面上を工具中心が加工方向に沿って移動するように経路を計算している
弥栄鉄工株式会社 「ＣＮＬ−ＰＲＯカタログ」 林産試だより「３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤の開発」、北海道立林産試験場、２００６年３月号、Ｐ３〜４ 特開２００５−２１９１９７号公報、図１ 特開平７−５１９８９号公報、図１ 特開２０００−３５３００５、段落００３〜００４、図１ Next, in the technology for obtaining the tool path necessary for three-dimensional machining by an orthogonal three-axis NC machine using an end mill, the normal surface for the machining shape is generated at a distance offset by the tool radius, The path is calculated so that the tool center moves along the machining direction.
Yasaka Iron Works Co., Ltd. “CNL-PRO Catalog” News from Forest Products Trial “Development of 3-axis NC Woodworking Lathe”, Hokkaido Forest Products Laboratory, March 2006, P3-4 Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-219197, FIG. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-51989, FIG. JP 2000-353005, paragraphs 003 to 004, FIG.

木材の３次元加工技術向上のためにはＮＣ加工機の導入が重要であり、そのため安価で使い易い加工機である必要がある。特にＮＣ加工機の導入経験のないユーザーにとって高価なＮＣ加工機を導入するには経済的リスクを抱える上に「コンピュータ」や「プログラム」という言葉に対する難しいというイメージを抱いてしまう問題がある（非特許文献３参照）。
「ＮＣ制御機器による木材加工技術の合理化に関する研究」遠西隆文、寺門秀人著、茨城県工業技術センター研究報告、第２２号、平成６年１２月、Ｐ８１、４．考察 In order to improve the three-dimensional processing technology of wood, it is important to introduce an NC processing machine. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a processing machine that is inexpensive and easy to use. Especially for users who have no experience of installing NC machines, there is a problem that introducing expensive NC machines has the image of being difficult for the words “computer” and “program” in addition to having an economic risk. (See Patent Document 3).
“Research on the rationalization of wood processing technology by NC control equipment” Takafumi Tonishi, Hideto Teramon, Research Report of Ibaraki Prefectural Industrial Technology Center, No. 22, December 1994, P81, 4. Consideration

従来の技術の中の円盤状工具１を用いた２軸同時制御ＮＣ旋盤の場合、回転中の材料に対して工具が２次元平面内の運動をするだけなので断面形状が円形に限られ３次元加工の技術向上に寄与することはできない。  In the case of a two-axis simultaneous control NC lathe using the disk-shaped tool 1 in the prior art, the cross-sectional shape is limited to a circular shape because the tool only moves in a two-dimensional plane with respect to the rotating material. It cannot contribute to the improvement of processing technology.

次に、ターニングセンタの場合には、３軸に比べて高価なハードウエアとなり、また工具経路は直交座標系と回転座標系との合成によらなければ算出できず複雑で高価なソフトウエアである。更に、用いられる工具はエンドミルやドリルのような円筒形状であるから曲率半径の小さな凹面の加工の際には直径の細い工具を使う必要が生じ、その結果、切り込み量が小さくならざるを得ず加工能率が低下する。  Next, in the case of a turning center, it becomes expensive hardware compared to three axes, and the tool path is complicated and expensive software that cannot be calculated unless it is a combination of an orthogonal coordinate system and a rotating coordinate system. . Furthermore, since the tool used is a cylindrical shape such as an end mill or a drill, it is necessary to use a tool with a small diameter when processing a concave surface with a small radius of curvature. As a result, the amount of cutting must be reduced. Processing efficiency decreases.

次に、特許文献２の自由曲面加工機では、加工形状が材料の回転軸に対し直角な断面での形状が凸面に限られる。また、Ｚ軸に沿った方向の曲率半径の小さな凹面を加工する際には直径の細い工具を使うことになり、その結果、切り込み量が小さくならざるを得ず加工能率が低下する。  Next, in the free curved surface processing machine of Patent Document 2, the shape of the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis of the material is limited to the convex surface. Further, when machining a concave surface having a small curvature radius in the direction along the Z-axis, a tool having a small diameter is used, and as a result, the cutting amount is inevitably reduced, and the machining efficiency is lowered.

次に、５軸加工機は、材料をベッドに固定した状態で加工するので材料の全周に渡る加工の際には固定個所に工具が届かない問題が生じる。このため加工の途中で材料を反転させるなどの再固定工程を必要とし生産性が低い。また、３軸加工機に比べて高価なハードウエアとなり、また工具経路は直交座標系と回転座標系との合成によらなければ算出できず複雑で高価なソフトウエアとなる。更に、用いられる工具はエンドミルやドリルのような円筒形状であるから曲率半径の小さな凹面の加工の際には直径の細い工具を使う必要が生じ、その結果、切り込み量が小さくならざるを得ず加工能率が低下する。  Next, since the 5-axis processing machine performs processing with the material fixed to the bed, there is a problem that the tool does not reach the fixed portion when processing the entire circumference of the material. For this reason, a re-fixing step such as reversing the material in the middle of processing is required and productivity is low. Moreover, it becomes expensive hardware compared with a 3-axis processing machine, and a tool path cannot be calculated unless it is a combination of an orthogonal coordinate system and a rotary coordinate system, and becomes complicated and expensive software. Furthermore, since the tool used is a cylindrical shape such as an end mill or a drill, it is necessary to use a tool with a small diameter when processing a concave surface with a small radius of curvature. As a result, the amount of cutting must be reduced. Processing efficiency decreases.

次に、エンドミルを用いた直交３軸ＮＣ加工機による３次元加工に必要な工具経路を得るための技術では、工具の長さ（厚み）を考慮しておらず図１に示すようにくびれた部分の加工の際には干渉領域が生じる問題がある。  Next, in the technique for obtaining a tool path necessary for three-dimensional machining by an orthogonal three-axis NC machine using an end mill, the length (thickness) of the tool is not taken into consideration and the constriction as shown in FIG. There is a problem in that an interference region is generated when processing a portion.

この発明は、上述したような問題点を考慮してなされたものであり、木材を３次元加工するときに安価な加工機でしかも複雑な知識を必要とせず３次元形状を加工するための３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤システムを提供することを目的とする。  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and is an inexpensive processing machine for processing a three-dimensional shape without using complicated knowledge when processing a three-dimensional wood. An object is to provide an axis NC woodworking lathe system.

そこで、上記目的を達成すべく、本発明に係る３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤システムは次の手段を採用する。In order to achieve the above object, the three-axis NC woodworking lathe system according to the present invention employs the following means.

すなわち、請求項１記載の、円盤状工具１を用いた３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤システムであって、
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めること
で円盤状工具１のＸ座標を得ることを特徴とする工具経路生成方法を有する。That is, a three-axis NC woodworking lathe system using the disk-shaped tool 1 according to claim 1,
Assuming that the surface is divided into triangles and the three-dimensional shape input to the computer is chucked to the C-axis, which is a turning axis capable of controlling the turning angle on the 3-axis NC woodworking lathe,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
Obtaining the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. To obtain the X coordinate of the disk-shaped tool 1.

請求項２記載の工具経路生成方法は、円盤状工具１を用いた３次元加工に必要な工具経路生成方法であって、
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めるために、
当該薄肉円盤３の片方の側面１を含む平面である第１の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第１の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第１の平面上に描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第１の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
もう片方の側面２を含む平面である第２の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第２の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第２の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
三角形の頂点に関し第１の平面と第２の平面の間に存在する頂点群のうち、頂点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第３の工具中心のＸ座標としたとき、
第１の工具中心のＸ座標と第２の工具中心のＸ座標と第３の工具中心のＸ座標のうち最も旋回軸から遠いＸ座標を工具経路にすることを特徴とする。The tool path generation method according to claim 2 is a tool path generation method necessary for three-dimensional machining using the disk-shaped tool 1,
Assuming that the surface is divided into triangles and the three-dimensional shape input to the computer is chucked to the C-axis, which is a turning axis capable of controlling the turning angle on the 3-axis NC woodworking lathe,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
To obtain the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. In addition,
A circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 centering on the intersection among the first group of intersections of the first plane, which is a plane including one side surface 1 of the thin disk 3, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane when drawing on the first plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the first tool center,
When a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn from the second intersection group consisting of the intersections of the second plane, which is the plane including the other side surface 2, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the second tool center,
Of the vertex groups existing between the first plane and the second plane with respect to the vertex of the triangle, the coordinates of the intersection point with the XZ plane when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn around the vertex. When the intersection of the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the third tool center,
Of the X coordinate of the first tool center, the X coordinate of the second tool center, and the X coordinate of the third tool center, the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is used as the tool path.

請求項３記載のプログラムは工具経路生成プログラムであって、
コンピュータに
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めるために
当該薄肉円盤３の片方の側面１を含む平面である第１の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第１の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第１の平面上に描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第１の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
もう片方の側面２を含む平面である第２の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第２の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第２の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
三角形の頂点に関し第１の平面と第２の平面の間に存在する頂点群のうち、頂点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第３の工具中心のＸ座標としたとき、
第１の工具中心のＸ座標と第２の工具中心のＸ座標と第３の工具中心座標のうち最も旋回軸から遠いＸ座標を工具経路にすることで円盤状工具１の工具経路を得る手段として
機能させることを特徴とする。The program according to claim 3 is a tool path generation program,
Assume that the computer has chucked the three-dimensional shape that is divided into triangles and input to the computer into the C axis, which is the pivot axis that can control the pivot angle on the three-axis NC woodworking lathe,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
To obtain the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. Among the first intersection point group consisting of the intersection of the first plane that is the plane including the one side surface 1 of the thin disk 3 and the sides of the triangle, the radius of the thin disk 3 is the same as the radius of the thin disk 3 centering on the intersection. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane when a circle is drawn on the first plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the pivot axis is taken as the X coordinate of the first tool center,
When a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn from the second intersection group consisting of the intersections of the second plane, which is the plane including the other side surface 2, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the second tool center,
Of the vertex groups existing between the first plane and the second plane with respect to the vertex of the triangle, the coordinates of the intersection point with the XZ plane when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn around the vertex. When the intersection of the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the third tool center,
Means for obtaining the tool path of the disk-shaped tool 1 by setting the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis among the X coordinate of the first tool center, the X coordinate of the second tool center, and the third tool center coordinate as the tool path. It is made to function as.

また請求項４の発明においては、
請求項３に記載の工具経路計算プログラムを記録したことを特徴とする記録媒体であるようにする。In the invention of claim 4,
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording medium in which the tool path calculation program according to claim 3 is recorded.

以上のことから、本発明によると、３次元形状の表面が三角形に分割されたモデル（以後、ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と呼ぶ）さえあれば円盤状工具１を用いた３軸ＮＣ旋盤システムにより３次元加工が可能になり、以下の効果がある。  From the above, according to the present invention, a three-dimensional NC lathe system using a disk-shaped tool 1 is used as long as it has a model in which a three-dimensional surface is divided into triangles (hereinafter referred to as polygon surface model 2). Processing becomes possible and has the following effects.

３軸構成の旋盤タイプで３次元加工が可能になるので５軸加工機よりも安価な加工機になる。Since the three-axis lathe type enables three-dimensional processing, the processing machine is cheaper than a 5-axis processing machine.

工具経路計算に必要な情報は円盤状工具１の直径と厚みのみであるから工具姿勢をも求める５軸加工機のような複雑な計算は不要であり、単純な計算のみで複雑な３次元加工のための工具経路を求めることができる。Since the information necessary for calculating the tool path is only the diameter and thickness of the disk-shaped tool 1, complicated calculations such as a 5-axis machine that also requires the tool orientation are not required. The tool path for can be determined.

円盤状工具１を用いることでＺ軸に直角な断面の形状は円盤状工具１の半径以上の曲率半径凹面を含む３次元形状を加工することができ、例えば図２に示すような厚みの薄い非円形の器の加工が短時間で可能になる。By using the disk-shaped tool 1, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the Z-axis can be processed into a three-dimensional shape including a concave surface with a radius of curvature greater than or equal to the radius of the disk-shaped tool 1, for example, as shown in FIG. Non-circular vessel can be processed in a short time.

図３に示すような、Ｚ軸に沿った凹面を加工する際の加工可能な曲率半径は円盤状工具１の厚みに依存するので円筒型の回転工具よりも小さな曲率半径の凹面を含んだ３次元形状を加工することができる。  The radius of curvature that can be machined when machining a concave surface along the Z-axis as shown in FIG. 3 depends on the thickness of the disk-shaped tool 1, and therefore includes a concave surface having a smaller radius of curvature than that of a cylindrical rotary tool. Dimensional shapes can be processed.

以下、ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と円盤状工具１との位置関係、運動を説明し、その後工具経路生成法を説明する。  Hereinafter, the positional relationship and motion between the polygon surface model 2 and the disk-shaped tool 1 will be described, and then the tool path generation method will be described.

図４−ａはポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２が仮想的にチャッキングされている様子と、旋盤の刃物台上に存在する工具として薄肉円盤３に仮定された円盤状工具１を示している。図中のポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２は例として鳥の頭部のモデルを表しており、その根元が四角形のチャックによって把持されている状態を示している。また、図中の薄肉円盤３は、円盤状工具１の厚みと直径が同一な円盤に仮定されていることを示している。  FIG. 4A shows a state in which the polygon surface model 2 is virtually chucked and a disk-like tool 1 assumed as a thin disk 3 as a tool existing on a tool post of a lathe. Polygon surface model 2 in the figure represents a bird's head model as an example, and shows a state in which the root is gripped by a square chuck. Moreover, the thin disk 3 in the figure indicates that the disk-shaped tool 1 is assumed to be a disk having the same thickness and diameter.

工具経路を求めるには、先ず、図５に示すように薄肉円盤３のチャック側の側面がポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２先端のＺ座標上にあり、かつ薄肉円盤３の外周面が旋回軸心に接する位置にあるとする。この状態を開始として、薄肉円盤３をポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と干渉することなく接しながら旋回させる、と同時に−Ｚ方向へ移動させる。すると、薄肉円盤３とポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２の接触点の軌跡は図６のようにスパイラル状に描かれる。その際、薄肉円盤３はポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２の凹凸によってＸ軸方向に運動を引き起こす。このときのＸ座標を旋回角度とＺ座標に応じて求めることが本発明の趣旨である工具経路を求めることであり、次にその方法を説明する。  In order to obtain the tool path, first, as shown in FIG. 5, the side surface on the chuck side of the thin disk 3 is on the Z coordinate of the tip of the polygon surface model 2 and the outer peripheral surface of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the pivot axis. Suppose that Starting from this state, the thin disk 3 is turned while contacting the polygon surface model 2 without interfering with the polygonal surface model 2, and simultaneously moved in the -Z direction. Then, the locus of the contact point between the thin disk 3 and the polygon surface model 2 is drawn in a spiral shape as shown in FIG. At this time, the thin disk 3 causes movement in the X-axis direction due to the unevenness of the polygon surface model 2. Obtaining the X coordinate at this time according to the turning angle and the Z coordinate is to obtain a tool path which is the gist of the present invention, and the method will be described next.

図７は薄肉円盤３と、その両側面を含む２つの平面の間である薄肉円盤空間に存在するポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２上の三角形との幾何学的位置関係を示している。図８は図７を横から見た図である。本来は薄肉円盤３と接触するであろう候補として薄肉円盤空間に存在する三角形すべてを図示しなければならないが簡単のため任意の隣り合う三角形を２つ想定する。  FIG. 7 shows the geometric positional relationship between the thin disk 3 and the triangles on the polygon surface model 2 existing in the thin disk space between the two planes including both side surfaces thereof. FIG. 8 is a side view of FIG. Although all the triangles existing in the thin disk space must be illustrated as candidates that would normally come into contact with the thin disk 3, two arbitrary adjacent triangles are assumed for simplicity.

ここで、一般にＸＹ平面内においてＸ軸上に中心を持つ半径Ｒｃの円のうち任意の点Ａを通る円の中心のＸ座標は、点Ａを中心とする半径Ｒｃの円とＸ軸との交点として求められる（図９）。この考え方で図４−ａを正面から見た図４−ｂに示すような接触点Ａに対する薄肉円盤３の中心のＸ座標を求めることができる。  Here, in general, the X coordinate of the center of a circle passing through an arbitrary point A among the circles having a radius Rc centered on the X axis in the XY plane is the circle between the circle with the radius Rc centered on the point A and the X axis. It is obtained as an intersection (FIG. 9). With this concept, the X coordinate of the center of the thin disk 3 with respect to the contact point A as shown in FIG.

以上の位置関係と運動および任意の点Ａに接する円の中心のＸ座標を求める手法により、旋回するポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２に対して干渉することなく接しているときの薄肉円盤３の中心Ｘ座標を以下のように求め工具経路を得る。  The center X coordinate of the thin disk 3 when it is in contact with the rotating polygon surface model 2 without interfering with the above-described positional relationship, motion and the method for obtaining the X coordinate of the center of the circle in contact with the arbitrary point A. The tool path is obtained as follows.

図７において
側面１を含む平面である第１の平面と三角形の辺との交点Ｃ１，Ｃ２，Ｃ５を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第１の平面上に描いたときに、その円がＸ軸と交わる交点のうち、最も旋回軸から遠い交点のＸ座標を第１の工具中心のＸ座標とする。In FIG. 7, when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn on the first plane around the intersections C1, C2, C5 of the first plane, which is the plane including the side surface 1, and the sides of the triangle. Furthermore, among the intersections where the circle intersects the X axis, the X coordinate of the intersection farthest from the turning axis is taken as the X coordinate of the first tool center.

次に、側面２を含む平面である第２の平面と三角形の辺との交点Ｃ３，Ｃ４，Ｃ６を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第２の平面上に描いたときに、その円がＸ軸と交わる交点のうち、最も旋回軸から遠い交点のＸ座標を第２の工具中心のＸ座標とする。  Next, when a circle having the same radius as that of the thin disk 3 is drawn on the second plane centering on the intersections C3, C4, C6 of the second plane, which is the plane including the side surface 2, and the sides of the triangle Furthermore, among the intersections where the circle intersects the X axis, the X coordinate of the intersection farthest from the turning axis is taken as the X coordinate of the second tool center.

そして、三角形の頂点に関し当該薄肉円盤３と接する可能性のある頂点は、第１の平面と第２の平面の間に存在する頂点Ｐ２、Ｐ４である。そこで、Ｐ２，Ｐ４を頂点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を、第１および第２の平面に平行に描いたときに、その円がＸ軸と交わる交点のうち、最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第３の工具中心のＸ座標とする。  And the vertex which may contact | connect the said thin disk 3 regarding the vertex of a triangle is the vertex P2 and P4 which exist between a 1st plane and a 2nd plane. Therefore, when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 with P2 and P4 as the center is drawn in parallel to the first and second planes, the intersection of the circles intersecting the X axis is the most. The intersection far from the pivot axis is taken as the X coordinate of the third tool center.

第１、第２、第３の工具中心のＸ座標のうち最も旋回軸から遠い座標が、求める薄肉円盤中心のＸ座標である。  Of the X coordinates of the first, second and third tool centers, the coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the thin disk center to be obtained.

図４−ｂはポリゴンサーフェイスモデル上の点Ａに接している薄肉円盤３を示している。言い換えれば、薄肉円盤３がポリゴンサーフェイスに外接するときの中心のＸ座標を求めることを意味する。FIG. 4-b shows the thin disk 3 in contact with the point A on the polygon surface model. In other words, it means obtaining the X coordinate of the center when the thin disk 3 circumscribes the polygon surface.

以上の計算をポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２の先端から加工終端までに渡り、旋回角ごとに、またＺ軸方向の送りごとに求めＧコードとともに保存することで工具経路を得る（図１０）。  The above calculation is performed from the tip of the polygon surface model 2 to the end of machining, and is obtained for each turning angle and for each feed in the Z-axis direction and saved together with the G code to obtain a tool path (FIG. 10).

図１ エンドミルを用いた直交３軸ＮＣ加工機による３次元加工の際の問題点説明図
図２ 発明の効果の説明図
図３ 発明の効果の説明図
図４−ａ ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と薄肉円盤３に仮定された円盤状工具１を示す図
図４−ｂ 図４−ａを正面から見た図
図５ 工具経路を求めるための開始位置を示す図
図６ ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と薄肉円盤３との接触点がスパイラル状になることを示す
図７ ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル２と薄肉円盤３との位置関係を示す図
図８ 図７を横から見た図
図９ 点Ａを通る円の中心Ｘ座標を求める方法を示す解説図
図１０ 工具経路の計算手順を表すフローチャートFig. 1 Explanation of problems in three-dimensional machining by an orthogonal three-axis NC machine using an end mill. Fig. 2 Explanation of the effect of the invention. Fig. 3 Explanation of the effect of the invention. Fig. 4-a Polygon surface model 2 and thin disk 4 shows the assumed disk-like tool 1 in FIG. 4 b FIG. 4 shows the front view of FIG. 4 a FIG. 5 shows the starting position for obtaining the tool path FIG. 6 Polygon surface model 2 and thin disc 3 FIG. 7 shows that the contact point of FIG. 7 becomes spiral. FIG. 8 shows the positional relationship between the polygon surface model 2 and the thin disk 3. FIG. 9 is a side view of FIG. Fig. 10 Flowchart showing the calculation procedure of tool path

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 円盤状工具
２ ポリゴンサーフェイスモデル
３ 薄肉円盤1 Disc-shaped tool 2 Polygon surface model 3 Thin disk

Claims (4)

円盤状工具１を用いた３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤システムであって、
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めること
で円盤状工具１のＸ座標を得ることを特徴とする工具経路生成方法を有する３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤システム。A three-axis NC woodworking lathe system using a disk-shaped tool 1,
Assuming that the surface is divided into triangles and the three-dimensional shape input to the computer is chucked to the C-axis, which is a turning axis capable of controlling the turning angle on the 3-axis NC woodworking lathe,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
Obtaining the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. A three-axis NC woodworking lathe system having a tool path generation method characterized in that the X coordinate of the disk-shaped tool 1 is obtained by: 請求項１に記載の工具生成方法は、
円盤状工具１を用いた３次元加工に必要な工具経路生成方法であって
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めるために、
当該薄肉円盤３の片方の側面１を含む平面である第１の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第１の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第１の平面上に描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第１の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
もう片方の側面２を含む平面である第２の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第２の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第２の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
三角形の頂点に関し第１の平面と第２の平面の間に存在する頂点群のうち、頂点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第３の工具中心のＸ座標としたとき、
第１の工具中心のＸ座標と第２の工具中心のＸ座標と第３の工具中心のＸ座標のうち最も旋回軸から遠いＸ座標を工具経路にすることを特徴とする工具経路生成方法。The tool generation method according to claim 1,
A tool path generation method necessary for three-dimensional machining using the disk-shaped tool 1, and the turning angle on a three-axis NC woodworking lathe can be controlled with a three-dimensional shape whose surface is divided into triangles and input to a computer Assuming that it is chucked on the C axis which is the pivot axis,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
To obtain the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. In addition,
A circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 centering on the intersection among the first group of intersections of the first plane, which is a plane including one side surface 1 of the thin disk 3, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane when drawing on the first plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the first tool center,
When a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn from the second intersection group consisting of the intersections of the second plane, which is the plane including the other side surface 2, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the second tool center,
Of the vertex groups existing between the first plane and the second plane with respect to the vertex of the triangle, the coordinates of the intersection point with the XZ plane when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn around the vertex. When the intersection of the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the third tool center,
A tool path generation method characterized in that an X coordinate farthest from the turning axis among the X coordinate of the first tool center, the X coordinate of the second tool center, and the X coordinate of the third tool center is used as the tool path. 円盤状工具１を用いた３次元加工に必要な工具経路生成プログラムであって
コンピュータを
表面が三角形で分割されコンピュータに入力されている３次元形状を３軸ＮＣ木工旋盤上の旋回角度の制御が可能な旋回軸であるＣ軸にチャッキングしたと仮定し、
切削工具としての円盤状工具１を外径と厚さが同一である回転軸をもつ薄肉円盤３と仮定し、
当該薄肉円盤３の外周が、旋回中の３次元形状に対し干渉なしに接した状態を維持しながらＺ軸に沿って移動することを前提に当該薄肉円盤３の回転中心のＸ座標を求めるために
当該薄肉円盤３の片方の側面１を含む平面である第１の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第１の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を第１の平面上に描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第１の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
もう片方の面を含む平面である第２の平面と三角形の辺との交点からなる第２の交点群のうち、交点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第２の工具中心のＸ座標とし、
三角形の頂点に関し第１の平面と第２の平面の間に存在する頂点群のうち、頂点を中心として当該薄肉円盤３の半径と同じ半径の円を描いたときのＸＺ平面との交点座標のうちＸ座標が最も旋回軸から遠い交点を第３の工具中心のＸ座標としたとき、
第１の工具中心のＸ座標と第２の工具中心のＸ座標と第３の工具中心のＸ座標のうち最も旋回軸から遠いＸ座標を工具経路にすることで円盤状工具１の工具経路を得る手段として機能させることを特徴とする工具経路生成プログラム。A tool path generation program necessary for three-dimensional machining using the disk-shaped tool 1, the computer is divided into three triangles whose surface is divided into triangles, and the rotation angle on the three-axis NC woodworking lathe is controlled. Assuming that it is chucked on the C axis, which is a possible pivot axis,
Assuming that the disk-shaped tool 1 as a cutting tool is a thin disk 3 having a rotating shaft having the same outer diameter and thickness,
To obtain the X coordinate of the rotation center of the thin disk 3 on the assumption that the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 moves along the Z axis while maintaining a state in which the outer periphery of the thin disk 3 is in contact with the rotating three-dimensional shape without interference. Among the first intersection point group consisting of the intersection of the first plane that is the plane including the one side surface 1 of the thin disk 3 and the sides of the triangle, the radius of the thin disk 3 is the same as the radius of the thin disk 3 centering on the intersection. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane when a circle is drawn on the first plane, the intersection with the X coordinate farthest from the pivot axis is taken as the X coordinate of the first tool center,
When a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin-walled disk 3 is drawn from the second intersection point group consisting of the intersection points of the second plane, which is the plane including the other surface, and the sides of the triangle. Of the intersection coordinates with the XZ plane, the intersection where the X coordinate is farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the second tool center,
Of the vertex groups existing between the first plane and the second plane with respect to the vertex of the triangle, the coordinates of the intersection point with the XZ plane when a circle having the same radius as the radius of the thin disk 3 is drawn around the vertex. When the intersection of the X coordinate farthest from the turning axis is the X coordinate of the third tool center,
The tool path of the disk-shaped tool 1 is determined by setting the X coordinate farthest from the swivel axis among the X coordinate of the first tool center, the X coordinate of the second tool center, and the X coordinate of the third tool center. A tool path generation program which functions as a means for obtaining. 請求項３記載の工具経路生成プログラムを記録したことを特徴とする記録媒体。  A recording medium in which the tool path generation program according to claim 3 is recorded.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111930073A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-13 上海熙锐信息科技有限公司 Five-axis laser tool path rotating method and device and storage medium
JP7422906B1 (en) 2023-01-30 2024-01-26 アルム株式会社 Processing control device, control method and program for the processing control device

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JP2003094223A (en) * 2001-09-21 2003-04-03 Kawasaki Heavy Ind Ltd Cutting device, cutting method and program for the same and recording medium
JP2004009211A (en) * 2002-06-07 2004-01-15 Komatsu Machinery Corp Machining method for cam shaft or crank shaft

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111930073A (en) * 2020-08-19 2020-11-13 上海熙锐信息科技有限公司 Five-axis laser tool path rotating method and device and storage medium
CN111930073B (en) * 2020-08-19 2024-05-28 上海熙锐信息科技有限公司 Five-axis laser cutter path rotation method, device and storage medium
JP7422906B1 (en) 2023-01-30 2024-01-26 アルム株式会社 Processing control device, control method and program for the processing control device

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