JP2008129011A - 液体中の汚染物質を検出する装置及びそれを使用するためのシステム - Google Patents
液体中の汚染物質を検出する装置及びそれを使用するためのシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008129011A JP2008129011A JP2007291481A JP2007291481A JP2008129011A JP 2008129011 A JP2008129011 A JP 2008129011A JP 2007291481 A JP2007291481 A JP 2007291481A JP 2007291481 A JP2007291481 A JP 2007291481A JP 2008129011 A JP2008129011 A JP 2008129011A
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- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/06—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a liquid
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Abstract
【解決手段】 水溶液中の汚染物質を検出し、数量化する装置及び方法が開示される。一実施形態においては、液体中の汚染物質を検出する装置は、センサ(4)及びコントローラ(6)を具備する。センサ(4)は膜(12)及び変換器(10)を具備し、変換器(10)は、使用中、変換器(10)の第1の面が液体と流体連通し且つ膜(12)が第1の面と液体との間に配置されるように構成される。膜(12)は、膜(12)を通過する望ましくない種の搬送を妨害できるポリマー材料であってもよい。コントローラ(6)は変換器(10)に対して動作自在な通信関係にあり、液体中の汚染物質の濃度を判定するように構成される。
【選択図】 図2
Description
式中、tはスコア、pはローディングベクトル、Kは主成分の数、Eは確率的誤差を表現する残差行列、Tは行列の転置である。
PCAに先立って、データは自動スケーリングなどにより適切に前処理された。
式中、tiはPCAモデルからk個のスコアベクトルの行列であるTkのi番目の行であり、l-1はモデルの中に保持されるK個の固有ベクトル(主成分)と関連する固有値の逆数を含む対角行列であり、xiはXにおけるi番目のサンプルであり、PはPCAモデルの中に保持されるK個のローディングベクトルから成る行列である(各ベクトルはPの列にある)。Q残差は二乗予測誤差であり、PCAモデルが各サンプルに適合する程度を記述する。これは、モデルの中に保持されるK個の主要成分により捕捉されない各サンプルの変化の量の尺度である。
式中、eiはEのi番目の行であり、Iは適切な大きさ(n×n)の恒等行列である。
第1の実験においては、センサ2は、変換器10としての無線周波数識別タグ(13.56MHzの公称周波数で動作する)及びポリスルホン膜12を使用して構成された。RFID変換器はDigi-Keyから部品番号481‐1067‐1‐NDにより購入された。
実験2:
第2の実験においては、センサ2は、変換器10としての無線周波数識別タグ(13.56MHzの公称周波数で動作する)及びポリ(メタクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル)膜12を使用して構成された。約10〜15体積%の固体を含有する溶液を生成するために、20℃で24時間にわたり、1‐メトキシ‐2‐プロパノール(Aldrich Chemical Co.)にポリ(メタクリル酸ヒドロキシエチル)(Aldrich)を溶解することにより、センサを組立てた。次に、RFID変換器に被覆膜を塗布し、20℃で24時間乾燥させた。形成された膜12は約10〜50μmの平均厚さを有していた。
実験3:
第3の実験においては、センサ2は、2電極金製櫛形構造変換器10(図3を参照)及びポリアニリン(PANI)膜12を使用して構成された。アニリンモノマーはAldrich Chemical Company Inc.から部品番号242284により購入された。
実験4:
第4の実験においては、10μm幅の電極を有し且つ電極間の間隔が10μmである2電極金製櫛形構造変換器などの櫛形構造電極(IDE)が採用された(図3を参照)。Aldrich Chemical Co.より入手したアニリンモノマーを使用して、このIDEをアニリンポリマー膜12で被覆した。まず、1MのH2SO4中に0.1Mのアニリンを含有する溶液にIDEをさらし、銀/塩化銀(Ag/AgCl)基準に対して−0.3V〜1.1Vの印加電位を反復する(毎秒50mV(50mV/sec)の走査速度)ことにより、IDEの表面にアニリンモノマーを電気重合した。
実験5:
本実験においては、自動センサドリフト修正の方法が実証される。31.8wt%のポリ(塩化ビニル)(PVC)、64.5wt%の可塑剤(セバシン酸ビス(2‐エチルヘキシル)(DOS))、1.3wt%の中性塩(ホウ酸テトラドデシルアンモニウムテトラキス(4‐クロロフェニル)(TDDATCPB))、1.1wt%のイオン交換体(塩化テトラドデシルアンモニウム(TDDMACl)など)及び1.3wt%の硫酸塩イオン透過担体(1,3‐[ビス(3‐フェニルチオ尿素‐イドメチル)]ベンゼンなど)から調製されたポリマー組成を利用した硫酸塩センサ膜が開発された。
4…センサ
6…コントローラ
8…液体
10…変換器
12…膜
14…ワイア
16…マニホルド
18…導管
20…変換器
22…フィルム
24…マニホルド
30…第1電極
32…第2電極
34…フィンが
40…センサ
42…パージチャンバ
44…パージ媒体
46…入口チューブ
48…出口チューブ
50…センサアレイ
52…第1センサ
54…第2センサ
56…第3センサ
60…センサアレイ
62…マニホルド
64…上面
66…左側面
68…右側面
70…後面
72…前面
74…底面
76…試験窓
80…第1の膜
82…第1のパージチャンバ
84…第1の変換器
86…第2のパージチャンバ
88…第2の膜
90…第3のパージチャンバ
92…第2の変換器
94…第4のパージチャンバ
Claims (10)
- 液体中の汚染物質を検出する装置において、
第1の膜(80)及び第1の変換器(84)を具備し、使用中、前記第1の変換器(84)の第1の面が液体と流体連通し且つ前記第1の膜(80)が前記第1の面と前記液体との間に配置されるように構成されたセンサ(4)と;
前記変換器(10)に動作自在な通信関係で接続され、前記液体中の汚染物質の濃度を判定するように構成されたコントローラ(6)とを具備することを特徴とする検出装置。 - 前記第1の面と前記第1の膜との間に配置されたパージチャンバ(42)を更に具備し、前記パージチャンバ(42)は入口及び出口を有する請求項1記載の装置。
- 前記センサ(4)はセンサアレイ(50)の一部であり、前記センサアレイ(50)は、
前記センサ(4)と;
底面(74)及び上面(64)を有し、前記底面(74)は前記第1のパージチャンバ(82)と流体連通する第2の膜(88)と;
前記上面(64)と流体連通する状態で配置された第2のパージチャンバ(86)と;
前記第2のパージチャンバ(86)の内部に配置された第2の変換器(92)とを具備し、
前記コントローラ(6)は前記第2の変換器(92)とも動作自在な通信関係にある請求項1及び2のいずれか1項に記載の装置。 - 前記第1の膜(80)は、第1の関心イオンに選択的に結合するように構成されたイオン透過担体を含み、前記第2の膜(88)は、第2の関心イオンに選択的に結合するように構成された第2のイオン透過担体を含む請求項3記載の装置。)
- 前記第1のパージチャンバ(82)は前記第2のパージチャンバ(86)と流体連通する請求項3及び4のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の膜(80)及び/又は前記第2の膜(88)は、膜を通過する望ましくない種の搬送を妨害できる無機材料である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記ポリマー材料は、関心イオンに選択的に結合できるイオン透過担体を含む請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記膜(12)は、原子炉の水中にある関心イオンに応答できる添加剤を含む請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 前記第1の変換器(84)及び/又は前記第2の変換器(92)は、無線周波数を介して前記コントローラ(6)に動作自在な通信関係で接続される請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 水を含み、エネルギーを生成するように構成された原子炉と;
水中の汚染物質を検出できる汚染物質検出器とを具備し、前記検出器は、
膜(12)及び変換器(10)を具備し、使用中、前記変換器(10)の第1の面が水と流体連通し且つ前記膜(12)が前記第1の面と水との間に配置されるように構成され、前記膜(12)が、前記膜(12)を通過する望ましくない種の搬送を妨害できるポリマー材料であるセンサ(4)と;
前記変換器(10)と動作自在な通信関係で接続され、水中の汚染物質の濃度を判定するように構成されたコントローラ(6)とを具備する原子炉システム。
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DE102007054910A1 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
SE532599C2 (sv) | 2010-03-02 |
SE0702495L (sv) | 2008-05-17 |
US9589686B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
US20120114089A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
JP5246741B2 (ja) | 2013-07-24 |
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